Life Before Birth - In the Womb

01:42:35
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gAsdEUNUJY

Résumé

TLDRThe video narrates the miraculous journey of a human fetus from conception to birth, emphasizing the intricate processes and developments occurring within the womb. It follows the entire nine-month period, detailing stages like fertilization, cellular division, formation of organs, and development of essential senses. It showcases the critical roles of genetics and the placenta, as well as the impact of external factors such as maternal stress. Advanced 4D ultrasound technology allows us to witness fetal movements and behaviors like yawning, stretching, and even dreaming. The narration poetically guides the audience through the fetus's transformation, raising questions about the nature of life, identity, and our connection with the world. By birth, the child is shown to have traveled extensively in his pre-world journey, fully formed and ready to begin life outside the womb.

A retenir

  • 🎉 Birth is a miraculous journey from a single cell to a fully developed baby in nine months.
  • 📈 Fertilized egg grows rapidly, changing from a cell to a complex human being.
  • 🧬 Genes play a crucial role in determining our physical and mental traits.
  • 👶 The placenta serves as the lifeline for the fetus, ensuring supply of nutrients and oxygen.
  • 📸 4D ultrasounds provide unprecedented insights into fetal behavior and growth.
  • 👂 The fetus hears and responds to sounds from outside the womb, influencing early bonding.
  • 🧠 The fetal brain is incredibly active, forming connections at an astronomical rate.
  • 💤 Fetus likely dreams in the womb, indicating early neural development.
  • ❤️ Stress and emotions experienced by the mother can deeply impact fetal health and development.
  • ⏳ Each stage of pregnancy brings critical developments that set the stage for independent life after birth.

Chronologie

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The introduction describes the miraculous journey of conception and fetal development, highlighting the transition from a single cell to a fully developed baby, illustrating this process as a shared human experience.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    The development within the womb is explored through advanced 4D ultrasound scans, revealing that by the time of birth, the fetus has developed significant capabilities such as grasping, recognizing voices, and dreaming.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    The journey of sperm to the egg is depicted, with sperm carrying the father's genetic information and the egg, containing the mother's genetic code, being released monthly from the ovaries.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    In the moment of conception, the fertilized egg begins the journey of developing into a human, with genetic information from both parents combining to determine the future characteristics of the child.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:25:00

    The early stages after fertilization involve rapid cell division, forming a blastocyst, and the beginning of differentiation into cells that will become the placenta and the embryo.

  • 00:25:00 - 00:30:00

    The embryo continues to develop with critical structures like the heart forming by the third week, while nerve cells and brain activity start to emerge, marking significant developmental milestones.

  • 00:30:00 - 00:35:00

    The developing embryo becomes a fetus by eight weeks, and the placenta takes over its nourishment, protecting it from some harmful substances while also becoming vulnerable to others like alcohol and nicotine.

  • 00:35:00 - 00:40:00

    By the end of the first trimester, the fetus shows human traits, begins practicing reflexes, and becomes less susceptible to miscarriage, with key organs like the heart fully operational.

  • 00:40:00 - 00:45:00

    During the second trimester, the fetus develops movement and begins to sense his environment, with significant cognitive and physical developments such as hand and foot growth.

  • 00:45:00 - 00:50:00

    Remarkable senses like touch and hearing develop around the 24th week; the fetus can taste flavors from the mother's diet and hear external sounds, laying the foundation for post-birth interactions.

  • 00:50:00 - 00:55:00

    The fetus shows signs of REM sleep and possibly dreams by the third trimester, with the brain developing rapidly and preparing for life outside the womb.

  • 00:55:00 - 01:00:00

    The mother's physiological changes support the growing fetus, who must now focus on behaviors needed for survival outside the womb, like breathing and sucking, through practiced reflexes.

  • 01:00:00 - 01:05:00

    As the due date approaches, the fetus is fully developed, and memory formation begins, showcasing long-term effects on post-birth intelligence and preferences.

  • 01:05:00 - 01:10:00

    Fetal reactions to external stimuli, like music, indicate developed senses and beginning of learning and memory, highlighting the connectivity of pre-birth environment influences on future behavior.

  • 01:10:00 - 01:15:00

    The end of pregnancy brings final touches like gaining fat and the lungs maturing, while the exact onset of labor involves a complex interaction between biological cues from the fetus and mother.

  • 01:15:00 - 01:20:00

    As labor begins, the baby's journey through the birth canal is depicted, with physiological changes ensuring oxygen supply until independent breathing initiates post-birth.

  • 01:20:00 - 01:25:00

    Upon delivery, the newborn shifts from placenta dependency, starting independent breathing, marking the beginning of a new phase of development outside the womb.

  • 01:25:00 - 01:30:00

    The extraordinary transition from prenatal to newborn life is celebrated, highlighting the familiar yet unique cycle of birth witnessed worldwide and reflecting on human evolution.

  • 01:30:00 - 01:35:00

    Reflecting on the labor and delivery process, it emphasizes the role of biological and genetic factors in prenatal development, connecting the miracle of life with scientific understanding.

  • 01:35:00 - 01:42:35

    Concluding with the birth of the child, the narrative emphasizes the beginning of a new journey, exploring life's continuum from conception to birth and celebrating the miracle of life.

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Carte mentale

Mind Map

Questions fréquemment posées

  • What is the main theme of the video?

    The main theme is the journey of human life from conception to birth.

  • How many sperm are released during ejaculation?

    During ejaculation, a mature healthy man expels up to 500 million sperm.

  • What determines the sex of a child?

    The sex of the child is determined by the sperm's chromosome, either X for a girl or Y for a boy.

  • What role does the placenta play during pregnancy?

    The placenta provides nutrients and oxygen to the fetus from the mother's bloodstream and filters out harmful substances.

  • What are reflex actions mentioned in the video?

    Reflex actions like sucking, breathing, and swallowing are practiced in the womb and are crucial for survival after birth.

  • When do fetal heartbeats start?

    The fetal heart starts beating at around 22 days after conception.

  • What is the significance of 4D ultrasound scans?

    4D ultrasound scans provide real-time images of the fetus, illustrating growth, behavior, and development in unprecedented detail.

  • What sense is most developed in the fetus?

    Hearing is the most developed sense in the fetus.

  • When does the fetus start to create memories?

    The fetus begins to create memories around 32 weeks of gestation.

  • How does stress affect a baby during pregnancy?

    Stress in the mother can affect the child's mental and physical development, potentially leading to chronic health issues post-birth.

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  • 00:00:03
    [Music]
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    [Music]
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    congratulations
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    against all odds you were conceived
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    from a single cell to a fully grown baby
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    in just nine months
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    amazing
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    you are a miracle
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    and so am i
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    what you are about to see was my journey
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    it was also yours
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    [Music]
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    this baby is about to be forced from his
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    calm and comforting cocoon
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    and thrust into a noisy bright and
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    terrifying new world
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    [Music]
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    [Music]
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    a new generation of 4d ultrasound scans
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    has opened up a window on the womb
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    allowing us to see the development of
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    the fetus as never before
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    [Music]
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    during his odyssey in the womb
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    the fetus has learned to grasp with his
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    fingers
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    to smile and frown
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    he can recognize his mother's voice
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    and even dream
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    all before even being born
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    [Music]
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    so
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    during ejaculation
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    a mature healthy man expels up to 500
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    million sperm inside a woman's vagina
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    and the journey begins
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    each sperm
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    carries its own copy of the father's
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    genetic code
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    [Music]
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    with a basic sense of smell
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    the sperm
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    the smallest cell in the human body
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    sniff their way up the fallopian tube
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    towards the egg
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    the largest cell in the body
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    [Music]
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    each month a woman's ovaries release one
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    egg containing her own genetic code
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    she made these aids
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    while she was still a fetus herself
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    they've been kept in storage ever since
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    through childhood and adolescence and on
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    into adulthood
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    [Music]
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    it may take up to 10 hours before the
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    actual moment of conception
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    and the mother may be completely unaware
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    of the secret events inside her belly
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    [Music]
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    and so begins my journey through space
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    a micro cosmos
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    planets
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    asteroids molecules chromosomes
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    constellations swirling
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    a genetic whirlpool
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    worlds within worlds
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    a russian doll of universes
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    bursting at each seam
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    [Music]
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    this is not my voice
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    no more than this is a human being
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    what you see is a human about to be
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    i cannot talk or think or feel
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    i am in limbo
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    but at least i am
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    i have passed from isn't it is
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    until now i wasn't
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    but now i am
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    a promise made by the past to the future
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    a beginning
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    i am the beginning of flesh
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    made word
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    [Music]
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    inside the fertilized egg
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    the plans for this new human life begin
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    to unfold
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    the genetic code is stored in bundles
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    called chromosomes
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    23 from each parent
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    each microscopic chromosome contains
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    over 2 meters of supercoiled dna
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    along the double helix of the dna
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    molecules apply the patterns of chemical
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    codes that hold the key to our
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    uniqueness
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    our genes
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    [Music]
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    it is our genes that tell us to become a
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    human
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    rather than a bird or a tree
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    as well as deciding exactly what kind of
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    person we will be
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    [Laughter]
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    the genetic code is a set of
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    instructions for the cells a sort of
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    manual giving directions that tells them
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    how to grow
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    am i already cast in stone or can i
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    break the mold
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    sin francis of assisi or al capone
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    which will i be when i'm old
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    my dna has lots of presence waiting
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    and i'll find out on my birthday what it
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    brings
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    secretly i'm hoping for a nice pair of
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    wings
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    our parents make an equal contribution
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    to most of our genetic makeup
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    but the sex of the child is all down to
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    the father
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    his sperm can be one of two types
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    x for a girl
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    or y for a boy
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    although they won't know it for many
  • 00:08:31
    months
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    for these parents it was a wise fern
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    that won the race
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    and they're going to have a boy
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    the genes he has inherited will have
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    already predetermined his looks much of
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    his character whether he's stubborn
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    intelligent a fruit seeker or good at
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    music
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    and even his vulnerability to certain
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    diseases like cancer schizophrenia or
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    diabetes
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    [Music]
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    the exact course of his life will depend
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    on many things his friends his family
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    his whole environment
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    but at the instant of fertilization
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    much of his future is foretold
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    [Music]
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    the fertilized egg continues its journey
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    traveling along the fallopian tube
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    towards the safety of the uterus
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    [Music]
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    about a day after fertilization
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    the egg makes its first division
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    [Music]
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    on cue
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    the nucleus splits in two and my cell
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    divides
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    who's keeping time
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    who makes the decision
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    the watchmaker with 2020 vision
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    [Music]
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    this process of division continues as
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    the clump of cells travels down the
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    fallopian tube
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    after four or five days
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    the tiny ball now called a blastocyst
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    has grown to around 100 cells
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    and it begins to divide in two
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    the outer ring of cells is destined to
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    become the placenta
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    while the inner clump will become the
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    embryo itself
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    at this stage these inner cells are all
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    identical
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    they are dividing rapidly and are known
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    as stem cells
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    they have the remarkable capacity to
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    turn into any one of over 200 different
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    types of cell
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    and grow
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    into any part of the human body
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    [Music]
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    imagine drops of water
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    frozen into the perfect shape of
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    snowflakes
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    each one unique
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    then imagine snowflakes tossed into the
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    air and falling to earth
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    frozen into the perfect shape of a
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    snowman
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    i am being pulled in all directions
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    could go anywhere become anything
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    and yet it feels
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    as if nothing is left to chance
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    [Music]
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    after seven days
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    the blastocyst reaches the end of the
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    fallopian tube and arrives in the uterus
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    it's home for the next nine months
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    [Music]
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    oh
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    [Music]
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    the embryo is now starting to take shape
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    during the third week the embryonic ball
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    of cells no bigger than a pinhead
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    folds in on itself to form a long tube
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    [Music]
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    the top of the tube will become the head
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    while the trunk of the body
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    stretches down below
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    the head doesn't look much like a head
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    yet
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    but at day 15 nerve cells begin to form
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    in the brain and in the spinal column
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    exposed and totally unprotected by skin
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    or bone
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    signals flicker through the neurons and
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    the brain sparks into activity
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    wow
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    is this it
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    the point at which my life begins
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    cognition switched on
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    now there's food for thought
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    i am
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    therefore i think
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    [Music]
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    inside her body
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    the mother is creating a safe
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    environment for the baby to grow
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    protected from the dangers of the
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    outside world
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    as soon as she becomes pregnant
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    drastic changes sweep through the
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    mother's system
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    her blood volume may leap by up to 50
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    percent
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    to cope with the extra demand for oxygen
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    from the growth in her womb
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    [Music]
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    once the embryo embeds itself in the
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    uterus
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    it will start to draw from the mother's
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    bloodstream all it needs to grow
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    [Music]
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    one of the first recognizable organs to
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    form is the heart
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    without a heart there is no way of
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    spreading around the food and oxygen the
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    embryo needs to flourish
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    until now
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    the heart has been a dormant clump of
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    muscle cells
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    but after 22 days
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    it bursts suddenly into life
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    when still just the size of a poppy seed
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    one cell spontaneously contracts
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    triggering its neighbors and setting off
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    a chain reaction until all the heart
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    cells are beating
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    [Music]
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    someone tick-tock has put tick-tock a
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    [Music]
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    will this tick tock go on tick tock
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    until
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    later on when the nervous system is more
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    developed
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    the brain will carefully control the
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    rate of contraction
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    keeping it steadily beating and pumping
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    for the rest of the child's life
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    if he lives to 75
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    that will be two and three-quarter
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    billion heartbeats
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    [Music]
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    [Music]
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    some women will already be aware of the
  • 00:18:08
    hormonal changes inside them and may
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    realize they are pregnant without the
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    aid of a test
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    [Music]
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    for others
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    this thin blue line may be the first
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    clue to the dramatic changes that are
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    about to take place during the next
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    eight months
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    [Music]
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    after four weeks
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    the embryo is as big as a kidney bean
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    and is growing by about one millimeter
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    every day
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    [Music]
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    the heart now pumping nutrients around
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    the body
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    other organs begin to grow
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    black dots on the head are the
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    beginnings of eyes
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    and buds are forming along the body that
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    will become arms and legs
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    [Music]
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    at this stage the fetus still bears
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    signs of our evolutionary past
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    the spinal column extends beyond the leg
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    buds to form a tail
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    there are rudimentary gills behind the
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    ears
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    [Music]
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    these relics will disappear as the fetus
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    grows
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    but at day 30
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    even an expert would find it difficult
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    to tell just from looking at it if this
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    embryo is going to become a human
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    a pig
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    or an ape
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    just one and a half percent of our genes
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    make us human
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    we share 98.5
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    of our dna with chimpanzees
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    three quarters with dogs
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    half with fruit flies
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    and a third
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    with daffodils
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    [Music]
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    come closer
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    look at me
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    do you recognize yourself
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    for what you see
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    is what you were
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    [Music]
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    to a summer rose
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    do i compare
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    [Music]
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    [Music]
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    after growing for eight weeks
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    the embryo looks more like a tiny human
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    and becomes known as a fetus which in
  • 00:21:19
    latin means offspring
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    he has reached an important milestone
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    his placenta is now mature
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    [Music]
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    time to welcome my other half
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    all giving all knowing whose sole
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    purpose is to keep me alive
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    inseparable
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    the two of us until birth
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    when the one without the soul will not
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    survive
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    [Music]
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    until now
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    the embryo has been dependent on the
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    nutrients he could extract via his yolk
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    sac
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    a floating balloon connected to the base
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    of the umbilical cord
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    a human yolk sac is not like a chickens
  • 00:22:31
    it contains no yolk to store food
  • 00:22:34
    but for the first few weeks it generates
  • 00:22:37
    nutrients and blood cells for the tiny
  • 00:22:39
    embryo
  • 00:22:41
    by two months the yolk sac has become
  • 00:22:43
    redundant and shrivels away
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    the crucial job of feeding and nurturing
  • 00:22:48
    the fetus has been completely taken over
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    by the placenta
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    the mother and fetus have totally
  • 00:22:58
    separate blood supplies
  • 00:23:01
    but inside the placenta
  • 00:23:03
    the fetus's network of very fine blood
  • 00:23:05
    vessels reaches deep into the mother's
  • 00:23:08
    blood supply
  • 00:23:10
    like the roots of a tree sucking
  • 00:23:12
    nutrients from the soil
  • 00:23:14
    the placenta extracts everything the
  • 00:23:16
    fetus needs from the mother's blood
  • 00:23:19
    food oxygen water and passes it into his
  • 00:23:23
    bloodstream
  • 00:23:30
    the placenta also filters out many
  • 00:23:32
    harmful substances
  • 00:23:34
    like the hepatitis herpes or
  • 00:23:36
    polioviruses that may be in the mother's
  • 00:23:38
    blood
  • 00:23:40
    but it can't stop everything
  • 00:23:42
    alcohol and nicotine for example can
  • 00:23:45
    pass directly through to the fetus
  • 00:23:51
    everything the fetus doesn't need all
  • 00:23:53
    the waste products are siphoned out by
  • 00:23:56
    the placenta and passed back to the
  • 00:23:58
    mother's bloodstream
  • 00:23:59
    [Music]
  • 00:24:07
    fitness coach dietitian
  • 00:24:10
    always close at hand
  • 00:24:12
    health advisor organizer each day
  • 00:24:15
    carefully planned
  • 00:24:16
    [Music]
  • 00:24:17
    bodyguard
  • 00:24:18
    comfort blanket
  • 00:24:20
    angel is what you are
  • 00:24:22
    self-sacrificing
  • 00:24:24
    self-effacing
  • 00:24:25
    placenta
  • 00:24:27
    guiding star
  • 00:24:43
    many women experience morning sickness
  • 00:24:45
    during the early months of pregnancy
  • 00:24:47
    as the placenta releases a host of
  • 00:24:49
    hormones
  • 00:24:51
    one of these progesterone is secreted
  • 00:24:54
    throughout the term
  • 00:24:55
    and prevents the mother releasing any
  • 00:24:57
    more eggs
  • 00:24:59
    others stop the mother's immune system
  • 00:25:01
    rejecting the unfamiliar growth inside
  • 00:25:04
    her
  • 00:25:05
    nurturing protecting and controlling
  • 00:25:08
    the placenta is the nerve center of
  • 00:25:11
    pregnancy
  • 00:25:12
    [Music]
  • 00:25:21
    [Music]
  • 00:25:37
    [Music]
  • 00:25:44
    internally the mother will have been
  • 00:25:46
    feeling the effects of pregnancy
  • 00:25:48
    changes in taste mood swings anxiety and
  • 00:25:52
    nausea
  • 00:25:54
    but now she will start to notice the
  • 00:25:56
    first changes on the outside
  • 00:25:58
    she will begin to gain weight
  • 00:26:01
    she will be thirstier than normal
  • 00:26:03
    and her heart will beat faster as her
  • 00:26:05
    body begins to work harder
  • 00:26:19
    in his first 10 weeks
  • 00:26:21
    the fetus has been hidden from the world
  • 00:26:24
    but the mother is about to get her first
  • 00:26:27
    glimpse of the secret events unfolding
  • 00:26:30
    inside her womb
  • 00:26:35
    [Music]
  • 00:26:42
    [Music]
  • 00:26:45
    so
  • 00:26:51
    [Music]
  • 00:26:56
    between 10 and 14 weeks a pregnant woman
  • 00:26:59
    will usually go for her first scan
  • 00:27:01
    [Music]
  • 00:27:03
    ultrasound scans have revolutionized our
  • 00:27:06
    understanding of fetal development
  • 00:27:08
    as well as our provision of care for
  • 00:27:10
    pregnant women
  • 00:27:13
    so here we have your little baby here
  • 00:27:16
    oops now there's a bit of activity
  • 00:27:21
    stuart campbell of the create health
  • 00:27:24
    clinic in london
  • 00:27:25
    is one of the world's leading experts in
  • 00:27:27
    obstetrics
  • 00:27:29
    babies looking to the side
  • 00:27:31
    it all
  • 00:27:32
    makes sense to you when the boost starts
  • 00:27:35
    to move
  • 00:27:37
    this first scan is also a chance to
  • 00:27:39
    establish a more accurate due date based
  • 00:27:42
    on the baby's size rather than guessing
  • 00:27:44
    from the date of the last menstrual
  • 00:27:46
    period there's an arm going up here
  • 00:27:48
    right the scan can also show early but
  • 00:27:50
    not conclusive diagnostic features
  • 00:27:53
    pointing towards genetic abnormalities
  • 00:27:55
    just do the nuclear translucency in the
  • 00:27:58
    spine
  • 00:27:59
    no that's a test for down syndrome now
  • 00:28:01
    it doesn't definitely say that baby's
  • 00:28:03
    got down syndrome or not
  • 00:28:05
    but
  • 00:28:06
    it tells you if you're at risk
  • 00:28:10
    until recently
  • 00:28:11
    non-invasive research into the
  • 00:28:13
    development of the human fetus
  • 00:28:15
    has been restricted to analysis of
  • 00:28:17
    stillborn specimens
  • 00:28:19
    or what can be gleaned from grainy
  • 00:28:21
    two-dimensional ultrasound scans
  • 00:28:27
    but now this area of exploration has
  • 00:28:29
    been revolutionized with the development
  • 00:28:32
    of three-dimensional scans and even more
  • 00:28:34
    remarkably
  • 00:28:36
    3d scans which move in real time
  • 00:28:39
    known as 4d scans
  • 00:28:42
    [Music]
  • 00:28:52
    for obstetricians
  • 00:28:54
    this tool has been the equivalent of the
  • 00:28:57
    hubble space telescope and for the first
  • 00:28:59
    time it has been possible to open up a
  • 00:29:02
    window on the womb and to see babies
  • 00:29:04
    growing before our eyes
  • 00:29:08
    [Music]
  • 00:29:15
    these images show the incredible range
  • 00:29:18
    of behavior that even a very young fetus
  • 00:29:21
    is capable of
  • 00:29:24
    these 4d scans are some of the earliest
  • 00:29:27
    ever taken inside the womb
  • 00:29:30
    this scan shows an embryo of just six
  • 00:29:33
    weeks old
  • 00:29:40
    here is an embryo of just eight weeks
  • 00:29:42
    less than three centimeters long
  • 00:29:45
    making its first movements
  • 00:29:51
    [Music]
  • 00:29:56
    obstetricians can directly observe how
  • 00:29:59
    the fetus grows how it behaves how it
  • 00:30:02
    reacts to stimulation
  • 00:30:04
    how its reflexes help it prepare for
  • 00:30:07
    birth and for survival outside the womb
  • 00:30:10
    [Music]
  • 00:30:14
    professor campbell a world-renowned
  • 00:30:16
    pioneer of these new scans is
  • 00:30:19
    responsible for taking these incredible
  • 00:30:21
    images
  • 00:30:23
    this scan shows a 30-week fetus yawning
  • 00:30:26
    and this one a 32-week fetus exploring
  • 00:30:30
    the feel of its nose
  • 00:30:34
    [Music]
  • 00:30:48
    is
  • 00:30:52
    lights
  • 00:30:53
    action here we go
  • 00:30:55
    the magic of ultrasound and it's on with
  • 00:30:58
    the show
  • 00:31:00
    i don't like the title although it's
  • 00:31:02
    obviously true i play the leading role
  • 00:31:05
    in
  • 00:31:06
    a womb with a view
  • 00:31:09
    but seriously i'm nervous
  • 00:31:12
    will they like what they see
  • 00:31:14
    if i'm not the perfect baby
  • 00:31:17
    will it be curtains for me
  • 00:31:32
    ultrasound scans provide a crucial
  • 00:31:34
    service in predicting any possible
  • 00:31:36
    complications in pregnancy
  • 00:31:39
    but they also offer a beneficial role in
  • 00:31:41
    developing a bond between the baby and
  • 00:31:44
    his parents the baby's kneeling you see
  • 00:31:46
    that yeah
  • 00:31:47
    hopefully
  • 00:31:49
    get a lovely picture now the baby's
  • 00:31:51
    looking down
  • 00:31:53
    seeing your baby's face and expression
  • 00:31:55
    while it's still inside the womb can be
  • 00:31:58
    an intense experience and such early
  • 00:32:01
    bonding can provide an important boost
  • 00:32:03
    to the baby's development once it's born
  • 00:32:06
    and to the long-term relationship
  • 00:32:08
    between the child and his parents and
  • 00:32:10
    that's the arms there
  • 00:32:13
    there we are
  • 00:32:14
    see the arm going up to the face
  • 00:32:22
    as well as checking the health of the
  • 00:32:24
    baby
  • 00:32:25
    this scan will be the first opportunity
  • 00:32:27
    to tell if you're pregnant with one baby
  • 00:32:30
    or two
  • 00:32:31
    or more
  • 00:32:53
    twins twins alike as new pins
  • 00:32:56
    triplets quadruplets even quinns
  • 00:32:59
    sounds cozy but overcrowded i'd say
  • 00:33:03
    i'm pleased to be single
  • 00:33:05
    so far anyway
  • 00:33:20
    multiple births run in families
  • 00:33:22
    if your mother's family has a history of
  • 00:33:24
    non-identical twins
  • 00:33:26
    then you are far more likely to have
  • 00:33:28
    twins yourself
  • 00:33:30
    if two eggs are released and fertilized
  • 00:33:32
    at the same time
  • 00:33:34
    then the twins will be non-identical or
  • 00:33:36
    fraternal
  • 00:33:38
    in this case the twins will be separated
  • 00:33:41
    in the womb
  • 00:33:42
    they will also have separate placentas
  • 00:33:45
    and the blood flow to each twin is
  • 00:33:47
    carefully monitored throughout pregnancy
  • 00:33:52
    [Music]
  • 00:33:59
    twins twins alike as new pins
  • 00:34:03
    like friendly neighbors living back to
  • 00:34:05
    back
  • 00:34:06
    each with their own
  • 00:34:08
    amniotic sac
  • 00:34:13
    [Music]
  • 00:34:21
    when an egg splits in two
  • 00:34:23
    identical twins are formed
  • 00:34:25
    in this case twins will be in the same
  • 00:34:27
    sack in the womb and will share a
  • 00:34:30
    placenta
  • 00:34:32
    identical twins show early contact at 12
  • 00:34:35
    weeks and by 14 weeks attaching arms
  • 00:34:38
    legs bodies and mouths
  • 00:34:42
    this constant contact in the womb is
  • 00:34:44
    mirrored in early life
  • 00:34:46
    and is partly responsible for the
  • 00:34:48
    incredible close bonds that twins feel
  • 00:34:51
    throughout their lives
  • 00:35:13
    even though he won't be able to walk
  • 00:35:15
    until he is around a year old
  • 00:35:17
    the building blocks to his first steps
  • 00:35:20
    are there after just 11 weeks in the
  • 00:35:22
    womb
  • 00:35:24
    [Music]
  • 00:35:26
    these 4d scans show 10 and 11 week old
  • 00:35:29
    fetuses kicking and pushing out their
  • 00:35:32
    legs in what is known as the stepping
  • 00:35:34
    reflex
  • 00:35:43
    [Music]
  • 00:35:45
    a reflex action is a pre-programmed
  • 00:35:48
    biological impulse
  • 00:35:50
    when his feet touch the base of the
  • 00:35:52
    uterus
  • 00:35:53
    the nervous system triggers an automatic
  • 00:35:56
    muscle reaction in the legs
  • 00:36:07
    i skip i hop look i'm jumping
  • 00:36:11
    i tire
  • 00:36:12
    i stop
  • 00:36:14
    listen
  • 00:36:15
    i'm thumping
  • 00:36:18
    [Music]
  • 00:36:24
    at this age there is so much space in
  • 00:36:27
    the uterus the fetus bounces and leaps
  • 00:36:29
    around using the walls of the womb as a
  • 00:36:32
    trampoline
  • 00:36:34
    [Music]
  • 00:36:41
    the ability to walk is an important
  • 00:36:44
    survival skill
  • 00:36:45
    and the more the fetus moves the
  • 00:36:47
    stronger the reflex will grow
  • 00:36:52
    [Music]
  • 00:37:07
    i'm humpty dumpty without the wall
  • 00:37:10
    rock-a-bye baby without the form
  • 00:37:13
    i'm a rubber duck bouncing
  • 00:37:15
    inside a rubber ball
  • 00:37:23
    [Music]
  • 00:37:34
    [Music]
  • 00:37:41
    the period from 6 to 11 weeks has seen
  • 00:37:44
    the most dramatic transformation of the
  • 00:37:46
    entire pregnancy
  • 00:37:48
    with the fetus undergoing a
  • 00:37:49
    metamorphosis from being to human being
  • 00:37:54
    [Music]
  • 00:37:59
    he has grown nearly five times bigger in
  • 00:38:02
    a frantic five-week burst
  • 00:38:05
    over 200 different types of cell have
  • 00:38:07
    been made and put in the right place
  • 00:38:11
    muscles and nerves are twitching
  • 00:38:13
    there is a liver two kidneys
  • 00:38:15
    and a stomach the size of a grain of
  • 00:38:18
    rice
  • 00:38:26
    as they develop initially male and
  • 00:38:28
    female fetuses have identical genitals
  • 00:38:32
    both sexes have a protrudence which for
  • 00:38:34
    boys will become a penis and for girls a
  • 00:38:37
    clitoris
  • 00:38:39
    at 12 weeks the only difference is that
  • 00:38:42
    they stick out at different angles
  • 00:38:45
    looking at an ultrasound an expert might
  • 00:38:48
    guess the sex of the baby based on this
  • 00:38:50
    angle
  • 00:38:51
    but it will be a few more weeks before
  • 00:38:53
    there's a clear difference between male
  • 00:38:55
    and female genitals
  • 00:38:58
    but in each case
  • 00:38:59
    the sex organs will already be hard at
  • 00:39:01
    work
  • 00:39:03
    a boy's testicles will be busy producing
  • 00:39:05
    testosterone
  • 00:39:07
    and by the time a baby girl is born
  • 00:39:09
    her ovaries will have made her own
  • 00:39:12
    lifetime supply of eggs
  • 00:39:15
    [Music]
  • 00:39:26
    at this point after 12 weeks the fetus
  • 00:39:30
    enters the second trimester
  • 00:39:32
    the middle three months of pregnancy
  • 00:39:35
    he is still less than 10 centimeters
  • 00:39:37
    long
  • 00:39:38
    but having achieved his basic shape and
  • 00:39:40
    with the placenta mature
  • 00:39:42
    he is now less at risk of a miscarriage
  • 00:39:46
    only 50 percent of fertilized eggs
  • 00:39:48
    survive all the way through pregnancy
  • 00:39:53
    an imbalance in the immune system stress
  • 00:39:57
    even the mother having previously given
  • 00:39:59
    birth to a boy
  • 00:40:01
    all are factors that increase the risk
  • 00:40:07
    [Music]
  • 00:40:20
    my chances are 50 50. not great odds and
  • 00:40:25
    that's only to get to the starting line
  • 00:40:28
    the human race is not for the
  • 00:40:30
    faint-hearted
  • 00:40:31
    when half the runners are doomed to die
  • 00:40:34
    before the race gets started
  • 00:40:54
    [Music]
  • 00:41:06
    from 16 weeks
  • 00:41:08
    as the brain extends its reach
  • 00:41:10
    the fetus begins to practice a wide
  • 00:41:12
    range of intricate movement
  • 00:41:17
    [Music]
  • 00:41:22
    he is much more mobile now
  • 00:41:25
    muscles are flexing
  • 00:41:27
    fingers and toes are separate and
  • 00:41:28
    defined
  • 00:41:29
    and bones are hardening
  • 00:41:33
    [Music]
  • 00:41:36
    a hand
  • 00:41:37
    i think i've grown a hand on what
  • 00:41:40
    appeared to be a tentacle
  • 00:41:42
    and look
  • 00:41:43
    there's another
  • 00:41:44
    that's good
  • 00:41:46
    it means the first has a brother
  • 00:41:48
    that's identical
  • 00:41:57
    [Music]
  • 00:42:03
    [Music]
  • 00:42:12
    touches and feelers
  • 00:42:14
    holders and hitters
  • 00:42:16
    grippers graspers
  • 00:42:18
    growers
  • 00:42:19
    and kills
  • 00:42:21
    open and greeting
  • 00:42:23
    rung in despair
  • 00:42:25
    clenched in fueling
  • 00:42:28
    steepled
  • 00:42:32
    [Music]
  • 00:42:43
    this could be because hands are going to
  • 00:42:45
    be used first once the baby is born
  • 00:42:55
    what's this
  • 00:42:56
    another pair of hands
  • 00:42:58
    over-egging the pudding if you ask me
  • 00:43:01
    [Music]
  • 00:43:05
    feet therefore
  • 00:43:09
    i know
  • 00:43:10
    this
  • 00:43:14
    [Music]
  • 00:43:22
    this little piggy
  • 00:43:27
    [Music]
  • 00:43:29
    the fetus is beginning to develop an
  • 00:43:31
    awareness of the space around him
  • 00:43:33
    it's called proprioception
  • 00:43:37
    this unconscious sense of body in space
  • 00:43:41
    helps us to interact with our
  • 00:43:42
    environment
  • 00:43:45
    we take in information from a variety of
  • 00:43:48
    sensory organs
  • 00:43:49
    eyes ears nose and limbs
  • 00:43:52
    and we build up a mental understanding
  • 00:43:54
    of the outside world
  • 00:43:57
    as we grow
  • 00:43:58
    we take for granted the ability to
  • 00:44:00
    coordinate our movements
  • 00:44:02
    to stand without falling over
  • 00:44:04
    to run and jump and roll down a hill
  • 00:44:09
    we have an understanding of where our
  • 00:44:11
    body is and what it's doing that's been
  • 00:44:14
    developed and refined over the course of
  • 00:44:16
    our early lives from a constant system
  • 00:44:18
    of feedback
  • 00:44:22
    this awareness and control
  • 00:44:24
    is something we've been developing since
  • 00:44:26
    we were in the room
  • 00:44:30
    sensors give constant feedback to the
  • 00:44:32
    brain
  • 00:44:33
    and the movement can then be refined and
  • 00:44:36
    gradually perfected
  • 00:44:40
    [Music]
  • 00:44:44
    getting to know me
  • 00:44:46
    getting to know all about
  • 00:44:48
    me the excitement is the discovery that
  • 00:44:52
    i am not infinite
  • 00:44:54
    that i exist only as far as my
  • 00:44:56
    extremities
  • 00:44:58
    reassured by boundaries and edges i
  • 00:45:01
    welcome my
  • 00:45:02
    limitations celebrate
  • 00:45:05
    my concernity
  • 00:45:06
    [Music]
  • 00:45:15
    after just over four months of pregnancy
  • 00:45:18
    the mother may become aware of her
  • 00:45:20
    growing babies movements for the first
  • 00:45:22
    time
  • 00:45:31
    [Music]
  • 00:45:47
    although the fetus has been active for
  • 00:45:49
    quite some time
  • 00:45:50
    it's only now that the movements are
  • 00:45:52
    strong enough for her to feel
  • 00:45:56
    women who have previously been pregnant
  • 00:45:58
    will be more alert to this slight
  • 00:46:00
    fluttering sensation
  • 00:46:02
    and may pick it up when the baby is just
  • 00:46:04
    15 weeks old
  • 00:46:11
    [Music]
  • 00:46:36
    the eyes now in their correct position
  • 00:46:39
    are generally thought to remain fused
  • 00:46:41
    shut until 24 weeks
  • 00:46:44
    but 4d ultrasound has revealed some
  • 00:46:47
    babies opening their eyes as early as 18
  • 00:46:50
    weeks
  • 00:46:51
    [Music]
  • 00:46:54
    it's dark of course so there's nothing
  • 00:46:56
    to see
  • 00:46:57
    but even if there were light the eyes
  • 00:46:59
    don't work this early
  • 00:47:02
    it's just the first sign of the blinking
  • 00:47:04
    reflex
  • 00:47:06
    [Music]
  • 00:47:23
    memo to myself
  • 00:47:25
    practice seeing in the dark
  • 00:47:28
    why
  • 00:47:30
    because one day i suspect
  • 00:47:32
    dark will be replaced by something else
  • 00:47:37
    dark is heavy
  • 00:47:39
    will there something else
  • 00:47:41
    be lighter
  • 00:47:49
    after six months of pregnancy at the end
  • 00:47:51
    of the second trimester
  • 00:47:53
    everything has developed and is
  • 00:47:55
    functioning as it will in the fully
  • 00:47:57
    grown baby
  • 00:47:58
    it's all there
  • 00:48:00
    just very small and immature
  • 00:48:04
    in the next phase
  • 00:48:05
    he will embark on one of the most
  • 00:48:07
    dramatic challenges of his time in the
  • 00:48:09
    womb
  • 00:48:10
    the development of the census
  • 00:48:15
    [Music]
  • 00:48:26
    [Music]
  • 00:48:47
    [Music]
  • 00:48:54
    the fetus is six months old now and has
  • 00:48:57
    reached a major landmark
  • 00:48:59
    though barely longer than his father's
  • 00:49:01
    hand
  • 00:49:02
    it is possible that he could survive
  • 00:49:05
    outside the cradle of the womb
  • 00:49:11
    [Music]
  • 00:49:26
    [Music]
  • 00:49:27
    it's good to know
  • 00:49:28
    that if push came to shove i could give
  • 00:49:31
    it a go out there
  • 00:49:34
    but i know i'm not ready
  • 00:49:36
    haven't got what it takes
  • 00:49:38
    i'll hang a while on the bow
  • 00:49:41
    wait till it breaks
  • 00:50:02
    any baby that is born prematurely
  • 00:50:04
    faces an increased risk of brain damage
  • 00:50:08
    the big problem is the lungs which are
  • 00:50:10
    barely capable of this tender age of
  • 00:50:12
    taking enough oxygen into the
  • 00:50:14
    bloodstream to keep the baby alive
  • 00:50:17
    in britain
  • 00:50:19
    the ability to survive outside the womb
  • 00:50:21
    also informs the age limit on abortions
  • 00:50:26
    can currently be carried out until the
  • 00:50:28
    fetus reaches 24 weeks
  • 00:50:48
    what is
  • 00:50:50
    the egg
  • 00:50:52
    fertilized what is the point
  • 00:50:56
    the cell divided
  • 00:51:00
    what is the point at which
  • 00:51:03
    the brain sparked
  • 00:51:07
    what is the point to which life
  • 00:51:11
    the heart pumped
  • 00:51:15
    what is the point at which life begins
  • 00:51:20
    the lungs inflated
  • 00:51:25
    what is the point
  • 00:51:27
    what is the point
  • 00:51:33
    [Music]
  • 00:51:43
    for most babies as they enter the third
  • 00:51:46
    trimester
  • 00:51:47
    it's time to put on some fat and learn
  • 00:51:50
    how to work their bodies
  • 00:52:03
    [Music]
  • 00:52:09
    the mother is becoming increasingly
  • 00:52:11
    aware of movements made by the fetus
  • 00:52:14
    her abdomen will be growing
  • 00:52:16
    and she is likely to be feeling better
  • 00:52:18
    now than at any time throughout her
  • 00:52:20
    pregnancy
  • 00:52:21
    and at her most energetic and active
  • 00:52:26
    [Music]
  • 00:52:40
    [Music]
  • 00:52:46
    from 24 weeks
  • 00:52:48
    the fetus enters one of the most
  • 00:52:50
    exciting and dramatic periods of
  • 00:52:52
    development
  • 00:52:53
    as his senses flicker into life
  • 00:52:57
    [Music]
  • 00:53:02
    eyes ears nose taste buds and the nerves
  • 00:53:07
    that respond to touch are now maturing
  • 00:53:11
    throughout his life
  • 00:53:12
    they will be his key to the world beyond
  • 00:53:16
    they will allow him to develop a sense
  • 00:53:18
    of self
  • 00:53:19
    to interact with others
  • 00:53:21
    to explore
  • 00:53:23
    and to learn
  • 00:53:29
    [Music]
  • 00:53:49
    [Music]
  • 00:53:58
    during his time in the womb
  • 00:54:00
    the fetus's mouth and nasal passages
  • 00:54:03
    are filled with amniotic fluid
  • 00:54:06
    [Music]
  • 00:54:17
    strong flavors from the mother's food
  • 00:54:19
    will easily pass through the placenta
  • 00:54:21
    into the baby's bloodstream
  • 00:54:23
    and will then be passed out into the
  • 00:54:25
    amniotic fluid
  • 00:54:26
    and the baby can get an early taste and
  • 00:54:29
    smell of his mother's cooking
  • 00:54:44
    hmm
  • 00:54:46
    is this what taste is
  • 00:54:48
    a sparkle on the tongue
  • 00:54:51
    a caress sometimes
  • 00:54:53
    a sensation so sweet i want to become it
  • 00:54:58
    sometimes a surprise
  • 00:55:01
    and a nasty one at that
  • 00:55:04
    tongue stop it tongue you're hurting me
  • 00:55:10
    that's better
  • 00:55:12
    sweetness
  • 00:55:14
    highest
  • 00:55:15
    i could acquire a taste
  • 00:55:18
    for taste
  • 00:55:24
    one reason for having such an advanced
  • 00:55:26
    sense of taste and smell while still in
  • 00:55:28
    the womb
  • 00:55:30
    is to help establish breastfeeding when
  • 00:55:32
    the baby is born
  • 00:55:35
    just like the amniotic fluid
  • 00:55:37
    breast milk will contain a selection of
  • 00:55:40
    tastes and smells from the mother's food
  • 00:55:43
    so if the baby is already familiar with
  • 00:55:45
    these flavors and likes the taste this
  • 00:55:48
    will encourage him to latch onto his
  • 00:55:50
    mother's nipple and begin feeding
  • 00:56:09
    [Music]
  • 00:56:12
    this 4d scan shows a 24 week old fetus
  • 00:56:15
    opening and closing his eyes
  • 00:56:19
    although the eyes are fully formed by
  • 00:56:21
    halfway through the pregnancy
  • 00:56:23
    seeing is the one sense a fetus can't
  • 00:56:26
    experience until he's born
  • 00:56:29
    it's too dark
  • 00:56:30
    [Music]
  • 00:56:33
    it's possible that some very bright
  • 00:56:35
    light could penetrate into the uterus
  • 00:56:37
    direct sunlight for instance
  • 00:56:39
    and the fetus may be able to detect a
  • 00:56:42
    faint glow
  • 00:56:44
    but the uterus wall is so thick
  • 00:56:47
    buried under a layer of skin and fat
  • 00:56:50
    that most of the time the fetus evolves
  • 00:56:52
    in total darkness
  • 00:56:56
    [Music]
  • 00:57:11
    i think that i can see
  • 00:57:14
    although all that i can see
  • 00:57:17
    is nothingness
  • 00:57:19
    i will outstare it
  • 00:57:22
    i will make the darkness blink
  • 00:57:24
    look for shapes and movement in this
  • 00:57:27
    endless night
  • 00:57:29
    light
  • 00:57:30
    what is light i wonder
  • 00:57:33
    without it
  • 00:57:34
    sight will be a gift i cannot use
  • 00:57:47
    at 25 weeks the eyes are so intricate
  • 00:57:50
    that even the eyelashes have
  • 00:57:52
    grown but there is one detail that may
  • 00:57:55
    not fully develop however much time the
  • 00:57:57
    fetus spends inside the womb
  • 00:58:00
    the color of the eyes
  • 00:58:03
    some pigments need light to form
  • 00:58:05
    properly
  • 00:58:06
    and the baby's eyes may change color
  • 00:58:08
    during the first months of life
  • 00:58:12
    [Music]
  • 00:58:19
    babies of asian or african descent will
  • 00:58:22
    usually be born with brown or dark gray
  • 00:58:24
    eyes that mature to deep brown or black
  • 00:58:29
    [Music]
  • 00:58:33
    a caucasian baby
  • 00:58:35
    will almost always have blue eyes in the
  • 00:58:37
    womb
  • 00:58:38
    even if they're destined to become green
  • 00:58:40
    or brown
  • 00:58:44
    [Music]
  • 00:59:00
    perhaps the most keenly developed of all
  • 00:59:03
    the fetal senses
  • 00:59:04
    is hearing
  • 00:59:15
    [Music]
  • 00:59:18
    the fetus may be completely surrounded
  • 00:59:20
    by amniotic fluid
  • 00:59:22
    but because sound travels through fluid
  • 00:59:24
    about four times faster than it does in
  • 00:59:26
    air
  • 00:59:27
    he has plenty to hear
  • 00:59:38
    [Music]
  • 00:59:40
    a cacophony of sloshes beats and burps
  • 00:59:44
    mark the passage of food blood and air
  • 00:59:48
    in and out through the maze of passages
  • 00:59:50
    and tubes just inches from the baby's
  • 00:59:52
    ears
  • 01:00:08
    the fetus can also hear noises from the
  • 01:00:11
    world outside
  • 01:00:12
    conversations loud noises and music
  • 01:00:16
    filtered and distorted through the
  • 01:00:17
    mother's abdomen
  • 01:00:18
    [Music]
  • 01:00:20
    higher sounds will be most muffled by
  • 01:00:22
    the layers of skin and fat
  • 01:00:25
    only the lower base notes of a piece of
  • 01:00:27
    music will have much impact
  • 01:00:40
    [Music]
  • 01:00:48
    hmm
  • 01:01:00
    vowels are generally lower in pitch than
  • 01:01:03
    consonants
  • 01:01:04
    so the fetus will just hear the melody
  • 01:01:06
    of speech without the percussion of
  • 01:01:09
    consonants
  • 01:01:10
    [Music]
  • 01:01:25
    um
  • 01:01:29
    [Music]
  • 01:02:00
    in the beginning was the word
  • 01:02:02
    and the word is my beginning
  • 01:02:05
    floating i'm caressed by the lapping of
  • 01:02:08
    sound waves
  • 01:02:10
    rocked by the rhythm of lullabies
  • 01:02:13
    words
  • 01:02:16
    my father and mother are talking me into
  • 01:02:19
    life
  • 01:02:20
    bathed and soothed i become human in a
  • 01:02:24
    sea of language
  • 01:02:27
    [Music]
  • 01:02:47
    is different from any other
  • 01:02:49
    since it travels directly through the
  • 01:02:50
    fluids of the body
  • 01:02:53
    this may help the baby develop the very
  • 01:02:55
    different kind of relationships
  • 01:03:01
    [Music]
  • 01:03:07
    i said you're always in trouble
  • 01:03:17
    for the last couple of months since the
  • 01:03:19
    fetus was about 16 weeks old
  • 01:03:22
    he's been exploring the feel of his
  • 01:03:24
    limited world
  • 01:03:28
    his sense of touch is so advanced now
  • 01:03:31
    that he'll react if prodded through his
  • 01:03:33
    mother's belly
  • 01:03:58
    until now
  • 01:04:00
    i thought i was the universe
  • 01:04:02
    that everything that is was within me
  • 01:04:06
    but now that i can touch these walls
  • 01:04:09
    i realize i must be deep inside a
  • 01:04:11
    greater universe
  • 01:04:21
    [Music]
  • 01:04:24
    there is a world beyond
  • 01:04:26
    and i am in a world within a world
  • 01:04:29
    within
  • 01:04:30
    oh it makes me tired
  • 01:04:32
    thinking
  • 01:04:34
    is this thinking
  • 01:04:36
    it doesn't get me anywhere
  • 01:04:42
    wow
  • 01:04:48
    [Music]
  • 01:05:01
    along with the development of touch
  • 01:05:03
    comes the capacity to feel pain
  • 01:05:08
    during an ultrasound scan
  • 01:05:10
    it's sometimes necessary to maneuver the
  • 01:05:12
    fetus into a better scanning position
  • 01:05:16
    professor campbell has seen fetuses
  • 01:05:18
    grimace and frown as he manipulates them
  • 01:05:21
    through the mother's abdomen
  • 01:05:39
    pain
  • 01:05:41
    this is one sense i could do without
  • 01:05:44
    or could i
  • 01:05:50
    a warning signal
  • 01:05:51
    that something's not right
  • 01:05:54
    that something out there might cause me
  • 01:05:56
    harm
  • 01:05:57
    a built-in uncomfortable safety alarm
  • 01:06:03
    [Music]
  • 01:06:12
    [Music]
  • 01:06:20
    during the final trimester
  • 01:06:22
    the fetus must prepare for life outside
  • 01:06:25
    his comforting cocoon
  • 01:06:28
    apart from being physically robust
  • 01:06:31
    he must also learn how to behave
  • 01:06:35
    many of the tricks and skills he will
  • 01:06:36
    use on the outside are innate reflexes
  • 01:06:40
    that he can perfect in the womb
  • 01:06:44
    some of these like sucking breathing
  • 01:06:47
    swallowing
  • 01:06:48
    he will depend upon for survival
  • 01:06:51
    others are more baffling in their origin
  • 01:07:01
    [Music]
  • 01:07:08
    [Music]
  • 01:07:16
    he may react to sudden sounds with the
  • 01:07:18
    startle reflex
  • 01:07:25
    the starting reflex
  • 01:07:27
    is thought to have originated at a time
  • 01:07:29
    when we were more at risk of being eaten
  • 01:07:32
    a sudden noise or touch from a predator
  • 01:07:35
    will trigger the reflex and cause the
  • 01:07:37
    arms to fling out to the side in what
  • 01:07:40
    may be an attempt at self-preservation
  • 01:07:52
    [Music]
  • 01:08:00
    [Music]
  • 01:08:17
    during this trimester the fetus will
  • 01:08:19
    swallow up to half a liter of amniotic
  • 01:08:22
    fluid every day
  • 01:08:30
    [Music]
  • 01:08:35
    this will help his suggestive system
  • 01:08:36
    develop but its main purpose is to
  • 01:08:39
    practice swallowing ready for birth
  • 01:08:43
    from the moment the cord is cut
  • 01:08:45
    he will need to have perfected the art
  • 01:08:47
    of taking food from his mouth to his
  • 01:08:49
    stomach
  • 01:08:54
    [Music]
  • 01:09:00
    alongside swallowing one of the most
  • 01:09:02
    important reflexes to have perfected
  • 01:09:05
    before birth is sucking
  • 01:09:08
    anything vaguely nipple-sized that comes
  • 01:09:11
    close to his mouth
  • 01:09:12
    will trigger his attempts at the sucking
  • 01:09:14
    reflex
  • 01:09:36
    [Music]
  • 01:09:38
    why do i breathe when there's no air
  • 01:09:42
    why swallow when there's no food
  • 01:09:45
    why yawn when i'm not tired
  • 01:09:48
    practice
  • 01:09:50
    practice
  • 01:09:52
    what for
  • 01:09:53
    i am the faintest
  • 01:09:56
    i'm putting my body through its paces
  • 01:09:58
    the race is on
  • 01:10:00
    rehearsing rehearsing for the big one
  • 01:10:03
    [Music]
  • 01:10:04
    which big one
  • 01:10:07
    i haven't the faintest
  • 01:10:09
    [Music]
  • 01:10:19
    at 26 weeks
  • 01:10:20
    the fetus measures 25 centimeters from
  • 01:10:23
    head to bottom
  • 01:10:27
    as he moves through the third trimester
  • 01:10:29
    towards birth
  • 01:10:30
    the fetus will triple his weight and
  • 01:10:33
    double his length
  • 01:10:36
    there will continue to be dramatic
  • 01:10:37
    growth in the brain and nervous system
  • 01:10:40
    and the fetus will create his first
  • 01:10:43
    memory
  • 01:10:46
    [Music]
  • 01:11:01
    by week 26 it may just be possible to
  • 01:11:05
    hear the fetal heartbeat by putting your
  • 01:11:07
    ear against the mother's abdomen
  • 01:11:23
    the fetus's heart beats about twice as
  • 01:11:25
    fast as the mother's
  • 01:11:28
    monitoring the baby's heartbeat gives a
  • 01:11:30
    good indication of his general condition
  • 01:11:36
    it's more of a vibration
  • 01:11:39
    [Music]
  • 01:11:47
    let's see
  • 01:11:59
    the mother's heart rate and blood
  • 01:12:00
    pressure are directly affected by her
  • 01:12:03
    emotional state
  • 01:12:04
    and her moods can be passed on to her
  • 01:12:07
    baby
  • 01:12:14
    [Music]
  • 01:12:20
    i can hear my mother thinking
  • 01:12:23
    i eavesdrop
  • 01:12:25
    not on words but on what she is feeling
  • 01:12:32
    i can hear my mother thinking
  • 01:12:35
    i am imbued with her nostalgia
  • 01:12:38
    brainwashed by her longings
  • 01:12:48
    if she's calm the mother's heart will
  • 01:12:50
    slow down and her blood pressure will
  • 01:12:52
    drop
  • 01:12:53
    if she's tense and stressed her heart
  • 01:12:55
    will beat faster but her blood pressure
  • 01:12:57
    will rise
  • 01:13:13
    although the fetus has his own separate
  • 01:13:15
    blood supply
  • 01:13:16
    these increases in heart rate and blood
  • 01:13:18
    pressure are easily passed through the
  • 01:13:20
    placenta and have a direct impact on the
  • 01:13:23
    baby
  • 01:13:31
    it takes a while for the effects to
  • 01:13:32
    filter through
  • 01:13:34
    but when the mother is recovering from
  • 01:13:35
    the impact of stress that her heart rate
  • 01:13:38
    is returning to normal
  • 01:13:39
    her baby's heart begins to race as the
  • 01:13:42
    physiological effects of stress creep
  • 01:13:44
    through the placenta
  • 01:13:52
    [Music]
  • 01:14:02
    in the short term
  • 01:14:04
    stress in the mother can lead to low
  • 01:14:06
    birth weight or premature birth
  • 01:14:10
    but it's also possible that a mother's
  • 01:14:12
    prolonged anxiety and stress can be
  • 01:14:14
    passed on
  • 01:14:15
    establishing a tendency for stress in
  • 01:14:17
    the child
  • 01:14:19
    and making him more likely to develop
  • 01:14:20
    chronic health problems heart disease
  • 01:14:23
    diabetes as an adult
  • 01:14:27
    it can even have a harmful effect on the
  • 01:14:29
    child's mental development in the early
  • 01:14:31
    years of his life
  • 01:14:33
    [Music]
  • 01:14:50
    mother when you're stressed then i am
  • 01:14:52
    too
  • 01:14:54
    you may not mean to but you do
  • 01:14:57
    can't you keep anxiety to yourself
  • 01:15:00
    passed on it deepens
  • 01:15:03
    like a coastal shelf
  • 01:15:10
    [Music]
  • 01:15:22
    by now the mother will be feeling her
  • 01:15:24
    baby move every day
  • 01:15:27
    usually this will be the fetus kicking
  • 01:15:29
    or pushing
  • 01:15:30
    but sometimes she may feel the regular
  • 01:15:33
    twitch of her baby's hiccups
  • 01:15:38
    why we hiccup is a bit of a mystery
  • 01:15:41
    there is a theory that it's a reflex to
  • 01:15:44
    help a newborn baby latch onto its
  • 01:15:46
    mother's nipple
  • 01:15:53
    hiccups are an involuntary sudden
  • 01:15:56
    contraction of the diaphragm
  • 01:15:58
    the spasm of a fetuses hiccup is strong
  • 01:16:01
    enough to feel but because the fetus
  • 01:16:03
    lives in fluid
  • 01:16:04
    there is no hiccup sound
  • 01:16:17
    [Music]
  • 01:16:29
    the last of the major organs to form are
  • 01:16:32
    the lungs
  • 01:16:34
    they serve no purpose before birth
  • 01:16:37
    the fetus gets all the oxygen he needs
  • 01:16:39
    from his mother's blood via the placenta
  • 01:16:42
    [Music]
  • 01:16:44
    inside his lungs the branching network
  • 01:16:47
    of tubes are filled with amniotic fluid
  • 01:16:50
    and the tiny air sacs that extract
  • 01:16:52
    oxygen remain closed for the entire time
  • 01:16:56
    in the womb
  • 01:16:59
    [Music]
  • 01:17:02
    the fetus still makes breathing
  • 01:17:04
    movements with his fluid-filled lungs
  • 01:17:07
    this helps the diaphragm and chest
  • 01:17:09
    muscles practice
  • 01:17:11
    ready to expand and fill the lungs with
  • 01:17:13
    air the moment the baby is born
  • 01:17:16
    [Music]
  • 01:17:39
    breathe in
  • 01:17:41
    out
  • 01:17:53
    [Music]
  • 01:18:11
    but if breath becomes a habit
  • 01:18:15
    will it be difficult to break
  • 01:18:20
    [Music]
  • 01:18:51
    at 28 weeks
  • 01:18:52
    the baby is more than two-thirds of the
  • 01:18:54
    way through his time in the womb
  • 01:18:56
    and is gaining weight fast
  • 01:18:58
    as he lays down a layer of fat under his
  • 01:19:01
    skin
  • 01:19:03
    his senses are buzzing
  • 01:19:05
    and over the next four weeks his nervous
  • 01:19:08
    system will become as advanced as a
  • 01:19:10
    newborn babies
  • 01:19:13
    he is becoming increasingly aware of the
  • 01:19:15
    world around him
  • 01:19:16
    his brain has matured enough to support
  • 01:19:19
    consciousness
  • 01:19:20
    and for the first time he is beginning
  • 01:19:22
    to create memory
  • 01:19:26
    [Music]
  • 01:19:47
    mothers were asked to repeat a nursery
  • 01:19:49
    rhyme each day during the final month of
  • 01:19:51
    pregnancy
  • 01:19:53
    the little dog laughed to see such fun
  • 01:19:56
    the cow jumped over the moon
  • 01:19:59
    at the end of the experiment
  • 01:20:01
    the fetus's heart rate would slow down
  • 01:20:03
    when it heard the same rhyme
  • 01:20:05
    [Music]
  • 01:20:07
    a new unfamiliar rhyme on the other hand
  • 01:20:09
    would produce no response
  • 01:20:13
    this was evidence of long-term memory at
  • 01:20:16
    work before a baby is born the cow
  • 01:20:18
    jumped over the moon
  • 01:20:22
    [Music]
  • 01:20:32
    [Music]
  • 01:20:38
    the type of music his parents listen to
  • 01:20:40
    can alter the baby's mood
  • 01:20:41
    [Music]
  • 01:20:43
    fast music will stimulate and excite him
  • 01:20:57
    [Music]
  • 01:21:04
    music that is closest to the natural
  • 01:21:06
    sounds and rhythms of the human voice
  • 01:21:09
    such as classical or choral music
  • 01:21:11
    will have a sedative calming effect
  • 01:21:18
    [Music]
  • 01:21:28
    [Music]
  • 01:21:56
    shall i tell you what i like
  • 01:21:58
    choral music sung with feeling
  • 01:22:02
    rock and roll play too loud will have me
  • 01:22:05
    banging on the ceiling
  • 01:22:07
    give me a steady beat and i'll dance
  • 01:22:11
    but what i prefer is a slow pulse
  • 01:22:16
    music that comes that almost hypnotizes
  • 01:22:21
    shall i tell you what i don't like
  • 01:22:24
    surprises
  • 01:22:26
    [Music]
  • 01:22:33
    at 33 weeks the fetus may recognize a
  • 01:22:36
    particular piece of music and can even
  • 01:22:39
    jump in time
  • 01:22:43
    [Music]
  • 01:23:04
    i can heartless
  • 01:23:09
    [Music]
  • 01:23:20
    once it seemed that the mental
  • 01:23:21
    development of a baby began at birth
  • 01:23:24
    now it appears birth could be a
  • 01:23:26
    relatively insignificant event in
  • 01:23:28
    developmental terms
  • 01:23:31
    there is very little difference between
  • 01:23:32
    the brain of a newborn baby
  • 01:23:35
    and that of a 32 week old fetus
  • 01:23:39
    he may have to support himself after
  • 01:23:41
    birth
  • 01:23:42
    but as for the process of thinking
  • 01:23:44
    learning and remembering
  • 01:23:46
    he will already have been hard at work
  • 01:23:48
    for three months
  • 01:24:03
    it's like there are two of us
  • 01:24:05
    the real me
  • 01:24:07
    the one you can't see
  • 01:24:08
    who thinks and feels and loves and looks
  • 01:24:11
    ahead
  • 01:24:13
    and the one you see
  • 01:24:15
    who lags behind
  • 01:24:17
    a victim of appetites strange desires
  • 01:24:20
    bodily needs i can only guess at
  • 01:24:24
    looking ahead
  • 01:24:26
    i see it now
  • 01:24:28
    a lifetime of being held back and
  • 01:24:30
    weighed down
  • 01:24:32
    will i ever be free
  • 01:24:34
    of that me
  • 01:24:41
    [Music]
  • 01:24:53
    the final phase of pregnancy is a
  • 01:24:55
    demanding one for the mother
  • 01:24:58
    many women feel uncomfortable during the
  • 01:25:00
    last couple of months
  • 01:25:03
    the weight of the baby
  • 01:25:04
    together with pressure on the spine and
  • 01:25:07
    a battle for space
  • 01:25:08
    can all cause back and legs to ache
  • 01:25:12
    she may be feeling anxious about the
  • 01:25:14
    birth
  • 01:25:15
    and is likely to feel breathless as her
  • 01:25:17
    lungs struggle to absorb 20 percent more
  • 01:25:20
    oxygen than normal
  • 01:25:24
    [Music]
  • 01:25:29
    during this stage
  • 01:25:30
    babies spend about 90 of their time
  • 01:25:33
    asleep
  • 01:25:34
    and when they sleep
  • 01:25:36
    nothing will wake them
  • 01:25:44
    [Music]
  • 01:25:55
    ah look at me
  • 01:25:57
    sleeping like a babe
  • 01:26:00
    i'm practicing
  • 01:26:01
    to be a teenager
  • 01:26:09
    one of the things revealed by the 4d
  • 01:26:11
    scans
  • 01:26:12
    is the fact that babies have rem rapid
  • 01:26:15
    eye movement sleep
  • 01:26:17
    a period of sleep where the eyes flick
  • 01:26:19
    around behind the eyelids
  • 01:26:23
    later in life
  • 01:26:24
    we know this is an indication of
  • 01:26:26
    dreaming
  • 01:26:28
    this gentle flicker of an eye
  • 01:26:31
    could be a sign that the fetus still
  • 01:26:33
    with a month to go before even being
  • 01:26:35
    born
  • 01:26:36
    is already dreaming
  • 01:26:39
    in adulthood
  • 01:26:41
    dreaming plays a vital role in allowing
  • 01:26:44
    us to make sense of events around us
  • 01:26:46
    and to develop strategies to deal with
  • 01:26:48
    the world
  • 01:26:50
    in a fetus
  • 01:26:52
    dreaming however simple the dreams
  • 01:26:55
    may be the crucial process that
  • 01:26:57
    stimulates the brain to grow
  • 01:27:03
    [Music]
  • 01:27:13
    what do i dream of
  • 01:27:16
    i dream my mother's dreams
  • 01:27:18
    i dream my mother
  • 01:27:20
    she dreams me
  • 01:27:22
    i dream about our past
  • 01:27:25
    our future
  • 01:27:26
    what it may bring
  • 01:27:28
    i hear my mother crying
  • 01:27:30
    i
  • 01:27:38
    i dream about our past
  • 01:27:40
    our future
  • 01:27:42
    what it may bring
  • 01:27:44
    i hear my mother crying
  • 01:27:46
    i hear her sing
  • 01:27:53
    [Music]
  • 01:27:58
    i hear my mother crying
  • 01:28:01
    i hear
  • 01:28:02
    her sing
  • 01:28:08
    [Music]
  • 01:28:10
    each minute the fetus makes two and a
  • 01:28:13
    half million nerve cells
  • 01:28:15
    and now after eight months
  • 01:28:18
    his brain is filled with more than a
  • 01:28:20
    hundred billion neurons with a hundred
  • 01:28:23
    trillion connections
  • 01:28:25
    as many as there are stars in our galaxy
  • 01:28:29
    the baby's brain and head have grown as
  • 01:28:31
    big as they can in the womb
  • 01:28:33
    and still be able to squeeze through his
  • 01:28:35
    mother's pelvis
  • 01:28:37
    as he puts on fat
  • 01:28:39
    he is taking more resources than she can
  • 01:28:41
    provide
  • 01:28:42
    it's time to emerge
  • 01:29:06
    the countdown is on
  • 01:29:09
    it's impossible to tell when the baby
  • 01:29:11
    will be born exactly
  • 01:29:13
    only five percent of babies are born on
  • 01:29:15
    their due date
  • 01:29:17
    most will emerge anytime two weeks
  • 01:29:19
    either side of that
  • 01:29:21
    the mother is kept guessing and waiting
  • 01:29:24
    for signs
  • 01:29:39
    [Music]
  • 01:29:46
    the contractions are coming faster now
  • 01:29:50
    every few heartbeats or so a crush of
  • 01:29:53
    pain made bearable only by the certainty
  • 01:29:55
    of its passing
  • 01:29:58
    my mother's leaving me i know
  • 01:30:01
    a journey's end a show
  • 01:30:03
    it must go on
  • 01:30:04
    the floodgates open
  • 01:30:06
    a universe implodes
  • 01:30:08
    [Music]
  • 01:30:19
    nobody knows what exactly initiates
  • 01:30:21
    labor
  • 01:30:22
    but it's the baby's lungs together with
  • 01:30:25
    the placenta that are the key to the
  • 01:30:27
    timing
  • 01:30:29
    when the lungs are mature
  • 01:30:31
    they secrete a protein into the amniotic
  • 01:30:33
    fluid that alters the placenta's
  • 01:30:35
    production of hormones
  • 01:30:38
    it slows the release of progesterone
  • 01:30:40
    and triggers the release of a new
  • 01:30:42
    hormone oxytocin
  • 01:30:44
    which kick-starts the contractions of
  • 01:30:46
    the uterus wall and labor begins
  • 01:30:54
    oxytocin also inhibits memory
  • 01:30:57
    and may have a role in helping women to
  • 01:30:59
    forget the pain of birth and to bond
  • 01:31:02
    with their new babies
  • 01:31:07
    during the first stage of labor the
  • 01:31:09
    baby's head is locked in the bottom of
  • 01:31:11
    the uterus and is bearing down on the
  • 01:31:13
    cervix the barrier between the uterus
  • 01:31:16
    and the vagina
  • 01:31:19
    the last thing to pass through the
  • 01:31:21
    cervix was a tiny sperm 38 weeks ago
  • 01:31:26
    now it must stretch 10 centimeters wide
  • 01:31:29
    to allow the baby's head its largest
  • 01:31:31
    part to pass through
  • 01:31:38
    [Music]
  • 01:31:55
    [Music]
  • 01:32:03
    the pain
  • 01:32:04
    oh the pain
  • 01:32:07
    my time has come the end is near
  • 01:32:10
    i can't complain it comes to us all
  • 01:32:13
    and i've enjoyed the adventure
  • 01:32:17
    is there life after birth i wonder
  • 01:32:20
    a light at the end of the tunnel
  • 01:32:23
    i'll find out soon enough when i pass
  • 01:32:26
    into the hereafter
  • 01:32:28
    and meet
  • 01:32:29
    my maker
  • 01:32:31
    [Music]
  • 01:32:33
    wonderful
  • 01:32:35
    okay
  • 01:32:36
    slow down slowly breathing down the
  • 01:32:38
    pain's gone for the mother either the
  • 01:32:40
    pain of birth can be eased if she gives
  • 01:32:42
    birth standing up sitting or squatting
  • 01:32:45
    rather than lying
  • 01:32:48
    [Music]
  • 01:32:50
    this could also speed up the first date
  • 01:33:06
    labor is also painful and stressful for
  • 01:33:09
    the baby
  • 01:33:10
    the squashing of the umbilical cord can
  • 01:33:13
    easily constrict the supply of oxygen
  • 01:33:16
    to help the baby cope
  • 01:33:18
    his body releases large quantities of
  • 01:33:20
    adrenaline to keep his heart pumping
  • 01:33:23
    fast enough
  • 01:33:30
    adrenaline also helps prepare the lungs
  • 01:33:33
    for the lifetime of work they're about
  • 01:33:35
    to begin
  • 01:33:37
    [Music]
  • 01:33:50
    once the cervix is fully opened the
  • 01:33:52
    second stage of labor the actual
  • 01:33:55
    delivery begins
  • 01:33:59
    with each contraction of the uterus
  • 01:34:02
    the baby is pushed further through the
  • 01:34:04
    cervix in the vagina
  • 01:34:05
    until eventually his head is just
  • 01:34:08
    visible
  • 01:34:14
    the contractions are only minutes apart
  • 01:34:15
    now and after each one the midwife
  • 01:34:18
    encourages the mother to push down hard
  • 01:34:21
    to help squeeze the baby out
  • 01:34:27
    take a push
  • 01:34:32
    a little bit more for me
  • 01:34:39
    keep going bit more
  • 01:34:46
    oh
  • 01:34:55
    [Music]
  • 01:35:00
    now breathe breathe breathe breathe good
  • 01:35:01
    girl
  • 01:35:03
    here's your baby
  • 01:35:05
    your baby's head
  • 01:35:09
    just checking back
  • 01:35:11
    next contraction we'll have this baby
  • 01:35:13
    out okay
  • 01:35:25
    i think he's got a hand here as well
  • 01:35:27
    he's brought a hand out with him
  • 01:35:29
    okay you got a contraction yet darling
  • 01:35:38
    okay give me a big push
  • 01:35:41
    [Music]
  • 01:35:54
    here we go
  • 01:36:04
    hello
  • 01:36:07
    [Music]
  • 01:36:11
    as soon as the baby is delivered
  • 01:36:13
    his lungs drain of fluid
  • 01:36:17
    and air rushes in expanding the air sacs
  • 01:36:24
    and in an instant begin extracting
  • 01:36:26
    oxygen to keep the baby alive
  • 01:36:30
    let's pop them through here
  • 01:37:00
    all his vital life systems are now
  • 01:37:02
    working independently
  • 01:37:04
    and the umbilical cord can be cut
  • 01:37:08
    [Music]
  • 01:37:11
    just in between that dude
  • 01:37:13
    it's a bit chompy so just
  • 01:37:15
    here we go
  • 01:37:23
    [Music]
  • 01:37:27
    the placenta is now redundant
  • 01:37:30
    and in the third stage of labor it
  • 01:37:32
    detaches from the uterus wall and
  • 01:37:34
    follows the baby out through the vagina
  • 01:37:43
    after growing painstakingly inside her
  • 01:37:45
    womb for nine months the baby finally
  • 01:37:49
    comes face to face with his mother
  • 01:37:53
    the smile seen inside the womb has gone
  • 01:37:56
    now as the baby is thrust into a noisy
  • 01:37:59
    bright world
  • 01:38:00
    and starts to feel uncomfortable
  • 01:38:02
    sensations such as cold and hunger for
  • 01:38:05
    the first time
  • 01:38:07
    he won't smile again
  • 01:38:09
    until he's at least four weeks old
  • 01:38:15
    [Music]
  • 01:38:18
    each year across the world
  • 01:38:21
    around 130 million women go through the
  • 01:38:24
    complex cycle of pregnancy and birth
  • 01:38:28
    our increasingly sophisticated
  • 01:38:29
    understanding of the process has
  • 01:38:31
    dramatically reduced the risks
  • 01:38:37
    ironically it is the one thing that
  • 01:38:40
    allows us this understanding our large
  • 01:38:42
    brains that is mainly responsible for
  • 01:38:45
    the difficulties of human childbirth in
  • 01:38:47
    the first place
  • 01:38:49
    most mammals with smaller brains and
  • 01:38:51
    heads have a much easier time delivering
  • 01:38:54
    their offspring
  • 01:38:56
    their infants are also more advanced
  • 01:38:58
    than our helpless babies
  • 01:39:00
    often able to walk feed and escape from
  • 01:39:03
    predators immediately after birth
  • 01:39:06
    for a human baby to be this advanced its
  • 01:39:09
    mother would have to bear a 21-month
  • 01:39:12
    pregnancy
  • 01:39:13
    and then give birth to a toddler
  • 01:39:18
    having been cocooned for nine months
  • 01:39:21
    this little boy is now on his own
  • 01:39:25
    his parents will feed him and keep him
  • 01:39:27
    warm
  • 01:39:28
    but for the first time
  • 01:39:29
    his body must keep itself alive
  • 01:39:34
    [Music]
  • 01:39:35
    his birth marks the beginning of his
  • 01:39:37
    journey in the world
  • 01:39:40
    but he has already travelled an
  • 01:39:41
    incredible path during his nine-month
  • 01:39:44
    odyssey in the womb
  • 01:39:48
    [Music]
  • 01:39:58
    what is
  • 01:40:00
    the egg fertilized
  • 01:40:03
    what is the point
  • 01:40:06
    the cell divided
  • 01:40:10
    what is the point at which
  • 01:40:13
    the brain sparked
  • 01:40:17
    what is the point at which life
  • 01:40:21
    the heart pumped
  • 01:40:26
    what is the point to which life begins
  • 01:40:31
    the lungs inflated
  • 01:40:33
    [Music]
  • 01:40:41
    what is the point
  • 01:40:45
    is this the point
  • 01:40:49
    [Music]
  • 01:40:58
    into the real world at last
  • 01:41:01
    but is it any more real
  • 01:41:03
    than the one he's left he may ask
  • 01:41:06
    but these aren't a baby's thoughts
  • 01:41:09
    this isn't his voice but mine
  • 01:41:11
    he has yet to find his
  • 01:41:14
    he who went from isn't into is
  • 01:41:17
    now prepares for will be
  • 01:41:20
    a mystery
  • 01:41:21
    a miracle
  • 01:41:22
    a spring about to be uncurled
  • 01:41:26
    a newborn baby
  • 01:41:28
    a gift
  • 01:41:29
    from his father and his mother
  • 01:41:31
    to the world
  • 01:41:38
    [Music]
  • 01:42:34
    you
Tags
  • Conception
  • Pregnancy
  • Fetal Development
  • 4D Ultrasound
  • Genetics
  • Senses
  • Birth
  • Fetus
  • Maternal Health
  • Placenta