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[Music]
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good day Learners and welcome to module
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1.1 of your grade
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10 cat textbook okay so we're going to
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be starting with an introduction to
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computers and let's see what we have
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install for you today so we're going to
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be looking at what a computer is in
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introduction to Windows bit of Hardware
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software um and the information
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processing cycle um so let's get stuck
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in now the first question we need to ask
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here is well what is a
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computer I mean many of us see all of
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these devices but what exactly is a
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computer how do we Define it because it
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could be a laptop it could be a
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smartphone it could even be a
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tablet in the past this is what we
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defined as just being a computer but
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obviously things have changed technology
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has moved forward
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um we talk about
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desktops that we used to work with but
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now you can see we have moved onto a lot
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of the newer Technologies but when we
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talk about a computer we're talking
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about something that is multi-purpose
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which means it can do more than one
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thing it's an electronic device and many
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of them like these over here are
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portable now portable in when we talk
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about computers doesn't mean that I can
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just pick it up and I can walk around
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with it no that's not what it means it
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means means that it can operate on a
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battery or using a battery so I can work
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with it on the goal I can't do that with
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this okay so when we use the general
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term computer we're talking about all of
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these devices so there is a typical one
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and we can Define it this way we can say
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that a computer is an electrom
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mechanical device that does a job of
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work for the user okay does that
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computer do something on its own no it's
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actually doing something for the user so
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that's one way of uh defining our
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computer also it consists of two main
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parts and that's namely your Hardware so
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that's the physical things we're talking
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about here things that you can touch
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things that you can see and then
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software which is related to the
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programs that are going to be running on
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this piece of Hardware okay now let's
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look at some of these here we first of
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all going to look at the hardware and
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like I just mentioned Hardware are those
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parts that are physical they can be seen
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they can be touched so we've got things
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like our power supply our printers our
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monitors keyboard mouse hard drive
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optical drive and don't stress when you
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see all these things because we will be
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going through these things in detail and
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all of these components are found inside
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this box okay so this is what we mean
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when we talk about
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Hardware software is a little different
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software is basically coded instructions
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that run all aspects of the computer in
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other words these are
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instructions that tell the hardware that
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tells this
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hardware and other software what to do
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so it's one thing to have these pieces
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of Hardway in place but you are going to
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need a program um that tells the
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computer what it actually needs to do
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with that right I mean it's like you're
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taking a printer you plug it in and then
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what it doesn't just work you need a
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piece of software that's going to tell
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the PC listen this is a printer this is
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what it does um and then you can start
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working with
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it now we also have different types of
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computers for example you have something
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called a super computer now these are
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high powerered large computers and we're
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talking about a lot bigger than your
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normal desktops
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right um there are large computers used
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by big corporations and governments for
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example NASA uh different universities
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whenever you need to do massive amounts
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of
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calculations okay think about that huge
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calculations does NASA need to do that
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yes do some of our government
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institutions need to do that yes then
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you also have something called a main
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frame I want you just to get your head
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around all these different types of
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computers these are also very powerful
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computers but they are used to control
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major networks for example Banks also
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universities large companies right
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especially when you have companies um
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that span a large over a large area as
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well um so just get to grips with the
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difference between your main frame and
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your supercomputer then the one that we
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really uh chat about quite a lot are the
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servers now again a server is going to
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be more powerful than your general
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desktop machine all right so that's the
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first thing but what does the server do
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as the name implies if someone is a
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server it means they are rendering a
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service so this is a powerful computer
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that provides services for a network and
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that's why it's called a server their
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services include things like printing
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email and storing files this is a
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definition that's going to stick with
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you all the way through to grade 12 so
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do not forget what a server is and some
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of the services that it
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renders now most of us are familiar with
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this we see the gaming PCs the gaming
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desktops and this is really what we call
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our our personal computer it is a single
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computer for home or office use whether
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you are doing gaming at really doesn't
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matter um but you are still using it at
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home or office use and it's usually
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found on a
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desktop so guys this is why this type of
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computer uh is called a desktop machine
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because it's usually found on top of the
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desk okay uh it sounds silly but that's
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that's why they've named it that um
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think about a laptop where do you use
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the laptop most on your
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lap okay
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um Right Moving On we then also have our
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mobile devices now most of us have
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mobile devices and yeah they tell us and
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we know that they are electronic devices
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we don't have an issue with that usually
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handheld now look at that
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portable right do not forget that that
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is something that is very important it's
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something that does come up you do get
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questioned on that quite a bit what does
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the term portability mean when it comes
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to mobile devices now this helps the
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user with the diary dates calendars
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notes I mean these days with your
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smartphones and tablets you can do so
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much more but what you need to remember
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is if it's a mobile device it's an
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electronic device first of all and it is
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portable so all of these devices work
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with
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batteries then another one our
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smartphone again a term that comes up
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often smartphones or devices that com
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Bine functions of a phone with Computing
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abilities have you ever looked at a
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Smartphone when you when you go and buy
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it and you see the same specs as you do
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with a computer you're looking at the
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CPU you're looking at Ram you're looking
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at all these pieces of Hardware um
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that's no different from the hardware
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that's now found in our computers okay
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so these devices bring all the functions
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of different devices into a single
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device now think about that what can
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your smartphone do can you use a camera
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on it do you have a video camera do you
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have an audio recorder do you have a
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calendar um you know there's there's
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just so so many other features but these
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and and this is why they call it
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converging devices or the term
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convergence which just means that we
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bringing um the functions of separate or
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different devices into a single device
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in the past you had a dedicated digital
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camera on its own a video camera on its
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own um a music player on its own now our
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smartphones have everything built into
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it okay so um for test and exam purposes
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please always remember what a smartphone
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is and then this term
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convergence as
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well then let's take a deeper dive into
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our hardware and software now we already
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said that Hardware um is dealing with
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the physical parts of a computer that we
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can touch and see things like our mou
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Mouse monitor keyboard printer and the
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parts inside this computer box those are
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all the things um the physical parts
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that we can touch and see our software
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here we see examples of our software we
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said these are coded instructions or
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Specific Instructions that we give the
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computer to get it to do something
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useful we use Microsoft Word to do what
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to be able to in its simplest form type
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out letters right so we are using this
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piece of software to do something
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useful um we also have multi-purpose
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tools means there is the ability to run
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different types of programs okay so just
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understand the difference between
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hardware and software so having said
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that why then is a smartphone or why um
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Can a smartphone also be regarded as a
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computer and here has a little
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screenshot of a few of the icons and
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apps on a
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smartphone now we need to remember that
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each one of these apps on your phone
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they enable it to do much more than just
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make calls right remember in the past
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your old cell phones were just there to
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send a message and to make a phone call
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that was it the reason we now call these
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new devices smartphones is because they
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can do so much more and the apps or
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programs or software applications enable
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it to do much more than just make calls
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I mean yeah you've got messenger you can
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check in with a school with a D6 you can
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go and have a look at what's um you know
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some of your hobbies and favorite things
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on Pinterest uh send a message or video
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call Via WhatsApp so all of those things
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um enable us to call a smartphone or
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regard a smartphone as a computer has it
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got the same Hardware as a computer the
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same things it's also got Ram CPU um
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hard drive all of these things so that
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is why it falls within that term now
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here's something that's going to be with
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you all the way through until grade 12
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in fact all of this stuff um and this is
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the information processing cycle so this
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is how information is processed when it
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comes to any Computing device we start
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with the input so this is really talking
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about how the data is you know put into
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the device if I'm for example and I'm
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going to use the example of um entering
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someone's number on your phone what do
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you do you first have to type that
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number out then the processing of the
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data takes place this is now where the
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person as they type in the number the
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cell phone checks to see if you've
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already got that
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number do you have it maybe you do maybe
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you don't the output is the result so
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now we see okay I've now got that yeah I
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can see the number I can see the
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person's name and once I save it I've
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then got my storage here as well okay
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this you must know we need to know the
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steps we also need to be able to
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identify certain devices with this um
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and it is something important especially
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in grade 12 okay so here we go again and
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this is why I'm showing you different
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things so that you can get your head
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around the information processing cycle
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the input this is the data I spoke about
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right the processing this is where we
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dealing with our Ram in other words our
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our hardware and just in very simple
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form our output will display the results
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so whatever we do here with the
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processing the results fall under
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output let's use the example again
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there's your cell phone you adding a
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contact to your smartphone with the
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input you are typing in the context
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details using the keyboard process where
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the smartphone checks if it is
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already um saved on the phone you can
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then store it in other words save it and
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then your with your output of message is
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displayed on the screen showing that the
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contact either exists or it's now been
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added because you've saved it because
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it's a new contact right now this is all
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based on the following for grade 10 you
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must know the difference between between
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data and information so
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data it's defined in two words it's just
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raw facts unprocessed facts so giving me
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somebody's cell phone number no name
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nothing you just give me a cell phone
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number that is just
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data right it's raw when I when I take
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that and I add that with maybe the
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person's name their address things like
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that then it becomes more useful ful to
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me and then it becomes information so if
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this is
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unprocessed facts then here we're
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talking about it now being processed and
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it becomes useful that's when it now
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becomes information so data raw facts
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information some have defined it as
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processed um facts or useful or our data
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that has been turned into a more useful
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form and that's where we get
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information right now when we look at
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windows I mean most of us have phones
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tablets laptops desktops when you switch
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it on you know you either have Windows
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or some other kind of operating system
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so let's just get to grips with this the
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first thing we need to know is the
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following when we press that power
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button and everything begins to load
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this is what's known as the booting
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process this is where the operating
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system Windows or whichever one you have
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whether it is your smartphone as well
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and you're using iOS or Android or
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whatever it is the operating system is
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automatically loaded when the computer
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is switched on right you restart your
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phone the same thing is happening that
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is called the booting
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process when I get past this process I
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get to a point where I need to start
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entering my details and then I can log
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onto the system I can log on to my
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smartphone desktop laptop with a
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username and a password and this then
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gives me access to my own files and data
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okay so always just know the difference
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between logging on and booting up to
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totally different
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things and then we have our desktop so
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for those not famili familiar with this
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this is really the first look at a uh
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Windows desktop this is and sometimes
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this is the question that comes up what
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is the first screen that you see after
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you log on or log in um and that is your
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desktop you can see that we also have
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icons on our desktop we've got a start
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button um Windows 10 Windows 11 a lot of
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them use this layout you can change it
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but these are not known as your tiles
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you've also got a quick launch taskbar
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which is customizable so you can pop in
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the programs that you use quite often um
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and you can then just click on that and
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it'll open that particular program and
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then on the right hand side this is
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where we have our notification area so
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let's just go into some detail
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again as we look at the taskbar now
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remember the taskbar is this bottom
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section
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right so what we want to see here again
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from the left far left will always be
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your start button then like I said
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you've got your quick launch icons and
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this is customizable this whole bar down
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here is our taskar right this area is
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just a quick launch area or our quick
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launch taskbar area and this section of
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the taskbar is our notification area and
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then all the way over to the right hand
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side we have our date and time um and
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well in this case they just mention in
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the clock but you can see we've got the
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date as well okay now we can use the
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start menu to do many common things and
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I'm and I'm taking you through this so
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we just have the basics um in place we
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can start programs we can open commonly
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used files we can search for files um we
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can log off we can switch off the
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computer uh there are a number of things
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you can see when this one was opened it
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gives us all of this it shows us the
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various programs here as well um so we
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can do all of those things now when we
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open up a normal um let's say folder or
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window we end up getting
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this and in this case this person opened
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up the
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documents um folder and we can see this
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details pane which shows us what is in
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that particular folder
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now this will be the same if I double
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click on a folder on the desktop and it
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opens up like this I'll have my details
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section where I can see exactly what is
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inside that folder on the left hand side
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I've got my navigation pane so that will
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tell me exactly where I am and I can use
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this to move between different uh areas
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of my PC as well then over here I've got
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my toolbar so the toolbar is up there
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and this displays buttons and menus for
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commment commands things like printing
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emailing creating a new folder Etc I've
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also gotten the top left hand corner my
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back and forward button so maybe I
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opened this and I went into this
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particular folder I can just click back
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to go to the previous area I was in
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whether that be a folder or wherever on
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top I've got my address bar so this
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displays the location of the folder
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that's currently open and you can see
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this one shows us that we are in the
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library
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section and inside that we are in the
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documents folder so that we know exactly
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where we are right we also have our
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title bar here on top where we can click
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on this and move the window um we've got
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our minimize maximize and close buttons
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and we've got our search box to search
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for any items within the particular
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folder that we have
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open okay hope we still
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together then we will always talk about
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you know computers servers and users so
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just so you understand a user is someone
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who utilizes a computer or network
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service they simply use the computer as
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a tool to provide a service so if I want
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to type out my assignment or if I want
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to create a letter what am I doing I'm
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going to be using the computer as a tool
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in order to get that letter right so
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please do not forget what a user is we
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also need to understand each user using
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a computer can be distinguished from one
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another how because they have their own
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user profile so when you log into a
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computer you log in with your username
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and password you'll have certain
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shortcuts you'll have certain folders
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based on what you did on that PC things
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you've saved things you've moved around
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Etc when somebody else logs into that
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it's going to be be set up for their
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particular profile based on what they
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have done on that computer now in a
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Windows envirment a user profile is a
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record of as I mentioned user specific
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data right user specific data that
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defines a user's working environment so
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two people can log on to the same
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machine at different times and they
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might have different backgrounds they
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might have um different folder
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structures based on the specific data so
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the users the person using it but the
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way they've customized how they use the
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PC within windows that is going to be
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the user profile okay now in order for
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us to log in we we use passwords and
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this is something that I know many
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people have a tough time with because we
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have so many things that we log
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into what happens with passwords we
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often forget them right now
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that is normal so what do we do to
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actually count it that we create one
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password that will remember and we use
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it on all of devices that is not right
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okay I know I'm guilty of that myself
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but that is actually not right your your
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username and your password authenticates
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you as a valid user on that particular
00:22:20
um laptop desktop on your phone those
00:22:24
type of things now when it comes to pass
00:22:28
words we need to Bear the following in
00:22:31
mind we should be changing them
00:22:34
regularly they should consist of um
00:22:38
numbers and letters there should be some
00:22:40
uppercase and lower case like here for
00:22:42
example um you can see lowercase in
00:22:45
other words small letters uppercase
00:22:48
capitals um it should be a minimum of
00:22:50
six but no more than
00:22:52
30 and the same character cannot be used
00:22:55
consecutively for example flaw so we've
00:22:58
got the two o's there um but I know as
00:23:01
as as much as I say these things it is
00:23:05
difficult to remember all of these
00:23:07
passwords if you are having a different
00:23:09
password for everything you log
00:23:11
into and you're changing them every
00:23:15
month okay so but this is what we should
00:23:18
be doing this is also a typical test
00:23:21
question and exam question all the way
00:23:23
through from grade 10 to grade 12
00:23:26
looking at um what is some of the
00:23:28
recommendations for having a strong
00:23:33
password this is what you will
00:23:36
use right now the one thing that Windows
00:23:39
does is it gives us what's known as a
00:23:42
graphical user interface this means the
00:23:45
way we work with Windows is through
00:23:48
Graphics right now we are able to use a
00:23:54
mouse that Mouse allows us to click and
00:23:57
double click and right click and drag
00:24:00
and
00:24:00
scroll so while we are working with
00:24:04
these icons you know like your folders
00:24:07
and your uh little icons for files and
00:24:09
things we can use the mouse then to
00:24:12
click on those things double click right
00:24:14
click drag
00:24:16
Etc now when it comes to Windows there
00:24:19
are some common features of programs so
00:24:24
you know that within cat we work a lot
00:24:27
with Microsoft Office now Microsoft
00:24:30
Office consists of word excel PowerPoint
00:24:32
and and access those are the main four
00:24:36
that we end up working with but have a
00:24:38
look at this if you look at this this is
00:24:41
an Excel spreadsheet that is a Word
00:24:44
document this is Microsoft Paint and
00:24:48
what do we see do all of them have a
00:24:50
title bar yes do all of them show us the
00:24:53
active window yes do we have a taskbar
00:24:57
do we are we able to resize or move a
00:25:00
window right we we've got all these
00:25:03
things there's minimize maximize close
00:25:05
I've got it through all those windows
00:25:06
I've got the title bar over there um I
00:25:08
can move back and forward I can save do
00:25:11
you see that there are common features
00:25:14
within Windows through all of their
00:25:16
programs right they do this purposefully
00:25:20
so that it's easy for you to work with
00:25:24
the
00:25:26
software
00:25:28
okay then probably one of the most
00:25:31
important items is saving your work I
00:25:34
mean there's no point you do an entire
00:25:36
presentation or an entire um assignment
00:25:39
and you don't save it now the current
00:25:44
work that you are doing on a computer is
00:25:47
kept temporarily in memory and when we
00:25:51
go further into hardware and software
00:25:53
you'll understand more in terms of what
00:25:55
we are speaking about there
00:25:58
but to keep that work you have to save
00:26:01
it to some sort of permanent storage and
00:26:03
this is where we save our documents our
00:26:06
presentations whatever it is onto the
00:26:09
actual computer that we are working in
00:26:12
we
00:26:13
save these you know whether it's files
00:26:17
whatever we we we are busy with
00:26:18
presentations Etc and we try to organize
00:26:22
those files into
00:26:24
folders we also want to look at giving
00:26:27
our file and folders meaningful names I
00:26:30
mean let's say you did an assignment
00:26:33
on weather
00:26:35
patents and you save it as
00:26:40
Gio now when you forget where you put
00:26:42
the document and you do a search what
00:26:45
are you going to be searching for you're
00:26:46
going to be searching for weather
00:26:47
patterns but it's going to find nothing
00:26:50
because we haven't given it a meaningful
00:26:53
name okay so remember when we save our
00:26:56
work what we are currently working on
00:26:57
before we save it that sits in memory
00:27:00
then we save it to storage so that it's
00:27:02
there
00:27:03
permanently and we then save those files
00:27:07
into folders and we make sure that our
00:27:09
files and folders have meaningful names
00:27:13
now I'm sure you've heard of um computer
00:27:18
keyboards being a quiry keyboard I know
00:27:21
when some of the the first cell phones
00:27:23
that had like full keyboards on them I
00:27:25
think the old blackberries were one of
00:27:26
the first
00:27:28
um they always mentioned that they had
00:27:29
quy keyboards now that is just a
00:27:33
reference to the fact that it's a full
00:27:35
keyboard number one but it's in
00:27:38
reference to the first six letters that
00:27:42
we see on the top row of our keyboard
00:27:45
that's that's really what they're
00:27:46
talking about and a keyboard is used
00:27:48
there to do what to input data right
00:27:53
when we input data into our
00:27:56
smartphone there we see see and this is
00:27:58
probably one of the worst features when
00:27:59
it comes to smartphones is that your
00:28:01
keyboard is
00:28:02
displayed um by software on the screen
00:28:05
it takes up half of your screen but it
00:28:07
can display letters alphabetically
00:28:09
rather than in a quity layout so you'll
00:28:11
see that layout is different to what our
00:28:15
traditional keyboard is like
00:28:19
okay now keyboard skills and I hope your
00:28:22
teachers are going to be going through
00:28:24
this with you um ideally when you type
00:28:27
out on a keyboard and I'm talking about
00:28:30
a physical keyboard that you have um
00:28:33
with your laptop
00:28:35
desktop uh if you're going to be using a
00:28:37
USB or wireless keyboard the this is
00:28:40
really where your fingers should be so
00:28:43
from your left hand little pinky it
00:28:45
should be on a s DF your thumbs are on
00:28:49
the space bar then we continue with your
00:28:51
right index which is on J then K then L
00:28:57
and and then our semicolon now you might
00:28:59
be asking okay but sir why do we find
00:29:04
three letters the the idea is when you
00:29:07
are comfortable with this you should be
00:29:11
able to use your little finger on the
00:29:14
left hand just as an example you should
00:29:17
be able to use it not just for a but to
00:29:20
go to q and
00:29:23
z are you with me let's let's let's take
00:29:26
another one
00:29:29
um let's use our index on the left hand
00:29:33
side do you see that your index should
00:29:35
be able to while you're starting on if
00:29:38
you should be able to reach r v g t and
00:29:44
B okay and this is why when you start
00:29:47
practicing this and you get this right
00:29:50
you will be able to type on a keyboard
00:29:52
without even looking at
00:29:55
it right and so attend that brings us to
00:29:58
the end of our first module we looked at
00:30:00
what is a computer the introduction to
00:30:02
Windows saving our work and also an
00:30:06
introduction to our
00:30:13
keyboard
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