Dongeng Sejarah Ekonomi Dunia

The discussion begins with the origin of the term 'economy', derived from 'oikonomia', meaning household management, as introduced by Aristotle. It highlights the evolution of economic activities from barter systems to the introduction of money as a medium of exchange. The speaker emphasizes the development of economic thought through history, mentioning Adam Smith's foundational work, 'The Wealth of Nations', which posits that individual self-interest leads to societal harmony, advocating for minimal government intervention in the economy.

The narrative continues with Karl Marx's critique of capitalism, arguing that it exploits labor and creates inequality. Marx's ideas challenge the classical economic theories established by Smith, leading to a broader discourse on economic systems. The speaker notes the significant economic downturn during the Great Depression of 1929, which prompted the emergence of Keynesian economics, advocating for government intervention to stimulate demand and address unemployment, contrasting with classical views that assumed full employment would naturally occur.

The lecture transitions to the challenges faced by Keynesian economics in the 1970s, particularly the phenomenon of stagflation, where high inflation and unemployment coexist. This led to the rise of neoliberalism, championed by economists like Friedman and Hayek, who argued for minimal government intervention in markets. The speaker discusses the complexities of economic theories and their real-world applications, emphasizing that economics is not a precise science but rather an analysis that must adapt to context and societal needs.