00:00:00
the Israeli Defense Force Israel's
00:00:02
well-funded and high-tech Army is the
00:00:05
most moral army in the world that is if
00:00:07
you believe The
00:00:10
Branding the most moral army in the
00:00:13
world is a moral Army the most moral Mor
00:00:16
the IDF does more to safeguard the
00:00:18
rights of civilians than any other Army
00:00:21
in the history of warfare but apart from
00:00:23
the allegations of war crimes in Gazza
00:00:26
the attempts to paint it as an animal
00:00:28
friendly queer friendly religious
00:00:30
tolerant military institution the
00:00:32
history of the IDF says more about it
00:00:35
than its social media image before the
00:00:37
formation of the state of Israel in 1948
00:00:40
and before there was an Israeli Army
00:00:42
there were three underground Zionist
00:00:44
militias the hagana the eron and the
00:00:48
Lei they were comprised of mainly Jewish
00:00:51
migrants to the British Mandate of
00:00:53
Palestine with the aim of helping usher
00:00:55
in the Jewish state by any means
00:00:58
necessary they differed in their t
00:01:00
tactics and beliefs and at times fought
00:01:02
with each other but together they
00:01:04
terrorized Palestinian Villages
00:01:06
committed acts of violence terrorism and
00:01:08
ethnic cleansing and executed bombings
00:01:10
and assassinations against the British
00:01:13
to force them to give up control of the
00:01:14
land they blew up hotels in Jerusalem
00:01:17
embassies in Europe and assassinated a
00:01:20
un mediator all of this happened before
00:01:23
1948 because after Israel was officiated
00:01:26
as a state these three groups will be
00:01:28
brought together to create the IDF and
00:01:30
their militia leaders would go on to
00:01:32
form Israel's government become
00:01:34
politicians ambassadors and prime
00:01:36
ministers and their doc history would be
00:01:39
forgotten so let's talk about
00:01:47
[Music]
00:01:51
it let begin of the turn of the 20th
00:01:53
century Europe was embroiled in
00:01:55
revolution war and great social upheaval
00:01:59
anti-semitism had been Rife for
00:02:01
centuries in Europe but attacks against
00:02:02
Jewish communities had become widespread
00:02:05
particularly in Russia While most
00:02:07
attempted to flee to the United States
00:02:10
around 30,000 Russian Jews migrated to
00:02:12
Palestine from 1882 to 1904 then under
00:02:16
the rule of the Ottoman Empire these
00:02:18
communities were known as the new yeshu
00:02:21
and they built small self-reliant
00:02:23
settlements independent of the old yeshu
00:02:26
who consisted mostly of Arab Jews who'
00:02:28
migrated to Jerusalem over centuries
00:02:30
mostly for religious practice unlike the
00:02:33
old yeshu the new yeshu were driven by a
00:02:36
new ideology that was growing popular
00:02:39
among European Jews as well as some
00:02:41
influential Christian figures Zionism on
00:02:45
the basis of Zionism was the belief that
00:02:48
the Jewish question as it was called in
00:02:51
Europe uh in other words a place of Jews
00:02:54
uh given the rising anti-Semitism could
00:02:57
only be sold territorially
00:03:00
that is by establishing a state of their
00:03:03
own and from very early on uh that state
00:03:07
had to be in
00:03:09
Palestine because that way you could use
00:03:12
religious legitimacy to justify what was
00:03:15
SE with colonialism the new yesu were
00:03:18
ambitious they built Farms formed trade
00:03:21
unions and councils to purchase land
00:03:23
from Palestinians they also began to
00:03:25
form small militias seeking to replace
00:03:28
hired Arab Watchmen with Jewish guards
00:03:30
to protect the new outposts some of
00:03:33
these militias like Bora had bigger
00:03:36
plans its members wanted to create the
00:03:38
beginnings of an underground Army one
00:03:41
that would one day serve a future Jewish
00:03:43
State and fight for one if need be one
00:03:46
of its Founders was a young polish
00:03:47
laborer called David groom who migrated
00:03:50
to Palestine in
00:03:52
1906 he was shocked at how many
00:03:54
Palestinian Arabs worked in the new
00:03:56
settler colonies as farmers and guards
00:03:58
and said about trying to build
00:04:00
connections between migrants and
00:04:02
fundraise to ensure the yeshu would
00:04:04
become completely self-reliant this
00:04:06
included more money to buy weapons like
00:04:09
many other Jewish migrants he later
00:04:10
adopted a Hebrew last name and would
00:04:13
hence be known as David benorian
00:04:15
welcome back to him by 1909 militias
00:04:19
like bar Gora began to evolve into
00:04:21
larger networks the most prominent being
00:04:23
hasher or the Watchman despite only
00:04:26
having a few dozen members hasher began
00:04:29
to think of it self as guarding not only
00:04:31
the colonies and property set up by the
00:04:32
new yeshu but as a vigilante force that
00:04:35
would respond to disputes if a Jewish
00:04:38
person was attacked by a Palestinian
00:04:40
Hashim would send its armed members to
00:04:42
seek revenge they were inspired by
00:04:44
Ukrainian kexs and interestingly
00:04:47
Palestinian bedin they rode on horseback
00:04:50
and even dressed in cfas weird right in
00:04:53
his book orientalism and the Hebrew
00:04:55
imagination historian yon pel says the
00:04:58
young Zionist wanted to recreate the
00:05:00
image of the Jewish man and reject the
00:05:02
anti-semitic tropes of Jews as weak and
00:05:05
passive in the new yeshu they focused on
00:05:07
Farming and fighting as ways to build
00:05:09
stronger more self-reliant men what
00:05:12
Zionist leader Max nordau described as
00:05:14
muscular Judaism and while they drew
00:05:17
inspiration from the agricultural Arabs
00:05:19
they saw around them they no longer
00:05:21
wanted to rely on Palestinian laborers
00:05:23
and guards in their settlements the
00:05:26
Jewish state of the future had to rely
00:05:28
on a Jewish Workforce and eventually a
00:05:30
Jewish Army at this point the total
00:05:33
Jewish population of Palestine was
00:05:35
around 60,000 and accounted for only
00:05:37
about 7% of the population with many of
00:05:39
the earlier Russian migrants going back
00:05:41
home once the situation had eased but by
00:05:44
the end of World War I everything had
00:05:46
changed the Ottoman Empire collapsed and
00:05:49
Palestine was taken over by the British
00:05:51
army Lord Arthur bfor himself a
00:05:54
Christian Zionist and foreign secretary
00:05:56
signed the bfor Declaration promising to
00:05:59
create a Jewish state in mandatory
00:06:01
Palestine this led to a bigger wave of
00:06:03
migration to the new yeshu and up to
00:06:06
100,000 Jewish migrants arrived from
00:06:08
Eastern Europe in the decade following
00:06:10
the
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war by now the local Palestinian Arab
00:06:23
population were starting to feel like
00:06:25
something was a Miss were outraged at
00:06:27
the bord Declaration and many of them
00:06:30
saw it as a European plot to colonize
00:06:33
Arab land house purchases in Jerusalem
00:06:35
and Hebron were increasing as were the
00:06:37
construction of Jewish kutzas and
00:06:38
settlements but what pushed tensions to
00:06:41
the brink was the increased religious
00:06:43
activity around the Western Wall and the
00:06:44
AA compound which some radical voices
00:06:47
were arguing should be under total
00:06:49
Jewish control this spilled over into
00:06:52
riots and general strikes targeting
00:06:54
British and Jewish outposts which
00:06:56
escalated into communal fighting in 1920
00:06:59
and 19 21 for the Zionist leaders it
00:07:02
proved that the local paramilitary
00:07:04
groups needed to be better organized and
00:07:07
better equipped to protect the new yeshu
00:07:09
this led to the establishment of the hag
00:07:12
or the defense which formed from the
00:07:14
Hashima recruits as well as an influx of
00:07:17
soldiers who had served in Jewish
00:07:19
regiments in the British army during
00:07:20
World War I they smuggled in more
00:07:22
advanced weapons from abroad and by the
00:07:25
1930s the majority of Jewish settlers
00:07:27
were enlisted in the par military group
00:07:30
became the foundation of the new yeshu
00:07:33
the hag now resembled what the bar giora
00:07:36
had once dreamed up an underground army
00:07:39
fighting for the promise of a Jewish
00:07:41
State initially they coordinated and at
00:07:43
times fought alongside the British
00:07:45
against Palestinian Arab riers and small
00:07:47
skirmishes the worst of these happened
00:07:49
in 1929 when a rumor spread to Hebron
00:07:53
that two Palestinians had been killed in
00:07:54
the holy city of Jerusalem and that a
00:07:56
plot was underway to take Al AA a riot
00:08:00
ensued targeting Jewish homes and
00:08:03
synagogues there were only 700 Jews in
00:08:05
Hebron at the time and many were
00:08:07
sheltered by Palestinian families until
00:08:09
the fighting ended but by that time at
00:08:11
least 50 Jewish settlers had been killed
00:08:13
the militants began to feel that the
00:08:15
small British military presence was
00:08:17
reluctant to fight the Palestinians and
00:08:19
resentment began to grow within their
00:08:21
ranks some still look to the British for
00:08:24
protection but others saw them as merely
00:08:26
an obstacle to statehood that needed to
00:08:29
move out of the way by force if
00:08:32
necessary remember David Boran he'd now
00:08:34
become the deao leader of the new yeshu
00:08:37
as the president of the Jewish agency
00:08:39
working with the British to protect
00:08:41
Jewish interests and to shut down calls
00:08:43
for Unity with
00:08:45
Palestinians but benan didn't want to
00:08:48
confront the Arabs head on not at this
00:08:50
stage at least he also didn't want to
00:08:53
create problems with his British allies
00:08:55
and instituted a policy of hav laga
00:08:58
restrained under his watch the hag
00:09:00
forces would only be deployed to protect
00:09:02
Jewish settlements not launch offenses
00:09:05
against Palestinian Villages at least
00:09:07
not for another few years in a letter he
00:09:10
would later write to his son in 1937
00:09:13
benorian made his intentions pretty
00:09:15
clear quote we must expel the Arabs and
00:09:18
take their places and if we have to use
00:09:21
force not to dispossess the Arabs of the
00:09:23
negtive and the trans Jordan but to
00:09:26
guarantee our own right to settle in
00:09:27
those places then we have Force at our
00:09:30
disposal boran's Focus was back on
00:09:33
Europe where the tides of anti-Semitism
00:09:35
were rising to unprecedented levels with
00:09:38
the emergence of Adolf Hitler and the
00:09:40
Third Reich it became clear that more
00:09:42
efforts were needed to transfer as many
00:09:44
Jews to Palestine as possible over the
00:09:47
next decade a quarter of a million
00:09:49
European Jews would flee to Palestine
00:09:51
pushing existing tensions to a boiling
00:09:54
point the divisions within the hagana
00:09:57
were growing as well between those who
00:09:59
followed boran's lead and another group
00:10:01
of revisionist zionists who not only
00:10:04
felt that the British were getting in
00:10:05
the way of the dream of creating a
00:10:07
greater Israel Over the whole of the
00:10:09
Mandate of Palestine but who also
00:10:11
believed that this greater Israel should
00:10:13
extend to all of Jordan and parts of
00:10:16
Lebanon and Syria but to make this dream
00:10:18
a reality they needed to put an end to
00:10:21
Palestinian resistance on their own
00:10:22
terms without waiting for orders from
00:10:25
the British or even Boran whose policy
00:10:28
of restraint failed to convince the most
00:10:30
Hardline young zionists so they took
00:10:32
matters into their own hands splintering
00:10:34
from the hagana and formed their own
00:10:36
paramilitary group The Aron the Aron was
00:10:40
led by a number of defected hag senior
00:10:42
commanders including most significantly
00:10:45
the writer Zev
00:10:48
jabotinski jabotinski was the founder of
00:10:51
revisionist Zionism and had been active
00:10:53
in Jewish defense efforts in the Russian
00:10:55
Federation before going on to found one
00:10:57
of the Jewish regiments in the British
00:10:59
army my with the aim of fighting against
00:11:01
the Ottomans in Palestine in a paper he
00:11:03
published in 1923 entitled The Iron Wall
00:11:07
jabotinsky outlined his fundamental
00:11:09
disagreements with Boran and the other
00:11:11
moderate zionists who he called
00:11:13
vegetarians and peac mongers quote our
00:11:17
peac mongers are trying to persuade us
00:11:19
that the Arabs are either fools whom we
00:11:22
can deceive by mking our real aims or
00:11:25
that they are corrupt and can be bribed
00:11:27
to abandon to us their claims to
00:11:29
priority in Palestine we may tell them
00:11:32
whatever we like about the innocence of
00:11:33
our aims watering them down and
00:11:36
sweetening them with honeyed words to
00:11:38
make them more palatable but they know
00:11:40
what we
00:11:41
want jinsky believed that all Native
00:11:44
populations resist colonists and that
00:11:46
the only way to deal with them was by
00:11:48
creating an iron wall of force that
00:11:50
couldn't be penetrated with his ideas
00:11:53
the new militia began to grow from
00:11:55
dozens to thousands with an emblem that
00:11:58
represented their their Ambitions to
00:12:00
expand to all of historic Palestine as
00:12:03
well as trans Jordan they initially
00:12:05
fought strategically alongside the
00:12:07
hagana and the British but that would
00:12:09
change in 1936 when a Palestinian
00:12:12
Uprising would push them to take matters
00:12:14
into their own
00:12:16
[Music]
00:12:19
hands unrest in Palestine suspecting
00:12:22
that the higher committee had incited
00:12:24
Arab leaders to start a holy war against
00:12:26
the British government police swooped on
00:12:28
the secret headquarters of assassins and
00:12:29
Rebels many arrests were made it was
00:12:32
called the Great Revolt furious at
00:12:36
Britain's support for Zionism the
00:12:38
growing population of armed settlers and
00:12:40
the crippling economic impact of the
00:12:42
Great Depression the Palestinians
00:12:44
attempted to overthrow British
00:12:46
occupation and with it end the attempts
00:12:48
of dividing their
00:12:50
land it began with a series of General
00:12:53
strikes from Mostly Farmers but soon the
00:12:56
Rebellion began to take structure with
00:12:58
armed Rebels forming platoon and
00:13:00
appointing
00:13:01
leaders but they were up against two
00:13:03
British regiments making up around
00:13:05
20,000 soldiers as well as an armed and
00:13:08
trained Jewish god Force and hagana and
00:13:10
iron forces that together made up tens
00:13:13
of thousands of armed militi in short
00:13:16
they were outnumbered and certainly
00:13:18
outgunned the uprising lasted for 3
00:13:20
years ultimately failed with British
00:13:23
forces dagana and Aron often fighting
00:13:26
alongside each other to crush the Arab
00:13:27
Revolt killing thousand thousands and
00:13:29
raising entire Villages iGun militants
00:13:32
planted explosives and landmines in
00:13:34
public spaces and engaged in shootouts
00:13:36
with Arab guards seeing the situation
00:13:39
spiraling out of its control and with
00:13:41
another War brewing in Europe Britain
00:13:44
passed the white paper in 1939 which
00:13:47
implemented for the first time strict
00:13:49
limits on Jewish migration allowing for
00:13:51
only 75,000 new migrants over 5 years
00:13:55
this was the final stroll for japa insky
00:13:58
and theis ists they saw it as a betrayal
00:14:02
proof that the best way to protect
00:14:03
Jewish interests in Palestine was to go
00:14:05
on the offensive and that their biggest
00:14:07
threat wasn't the Palestinians it was
00:14:10
the British who they now regarded as an
00:14:12
occupying force that needed to be
00:14:14
expelled by this time jabotinsky himself
00:14:17
had been exiled back to Europe by the
00:14:18
British who were concerned about his
00:14:20
growing influence there he began to
00:14:22
formulate a plan recruiting and training
00:14:24
small underground cells in Poland that
00:14:27
would first help evacuate as many 1.5
00:14:29
million European Jews and sneaked them
00:14:32
and himself into Palestine illegally by
00:14:34
passing the white paper's
00:14:36
restrictions together with one of the
00:14:38
urg's leaders back in Palestine a Polish
00:14:40
Zionist named Abraham Stern they
00:14:42
recruited 40,000 Jewish militants and
00:14:45
began smuggling handguns rifles
00:14:47
explosives and ammunition with the
00:14:49
intention of launching their own revolt
00:14:52
against the British Stern even penned an
00:14:54
Anthem for the oron called unknown
00:14:56
soldiers a song that called on Jews to
00:14:59
join the underground militias and die
00:15:01
for their
00:15:02
[Music]
00:15:11
[Music]
00:15:16
[Music]
00:15:27
cause but the outbreak of World War II
00:15:30
would put the argon's plans of a great
00:15:32
Jewish revolt on hold seeing the rise of
00:15:35
Hitler and the systemic persecution of
00:15:37
Jews in Poland Germany and later France
00:15:40
jabotinsky offered to lend the British
00:15:42
his trained Jewish militants to fight
00:15:44
against the Nazis the same way he'd done
00:15:46
during World War I A year later he died
00:15:49
of a hot attack while visiting a
00:15:50
training camp in New York but that
00:15:52
decision to assist the British in the
00:15:54
war would divide the Aron and its
00:15:56
remaining leaders who were now in
00:15:58
British detention camp
00:15:59
over what direction to take the militia
00:16:01
Abraham Stern decided to split from the
00:16:03
group and form his own militia the Ley
00:16:06
or Stern gang and tried to raise funds
00:16:08
by robbing British Banks which were
00:16:10
almost never successful Stern's ideas
00:16:12
were even more radical than jabotinsky
00:16:15
he advocated for the expulsion or
00:16:17
complete annihilation of Palestinians
00:16:19
describing Jews as a master race and
00:16:21
Arabs as a slave race he and his group
00:16:24
of small but favored followers refer to
00:16:27
themselves as terrorists who believed
00:16:29
that acts of Terror were Justified to
00:16:31
reach their aims stern was so obsessed
00:16:33
with fighting the British that in 1941
00:16:36
he wrote to Nazi authorities pledging to
00:16:39
fight alongside Hitler against the
00:16:41
British if he agreed to help establish a
00:16:43
Jewish state in Palestine he wanted to
00:16:46
fight the British in order to gain
00:16:49
independence Stern in his utter naivity
00:16:52
believ he could form an alliance with
00:16:54
Hitler against the British he wanted to
00:16:57
make an agreement with the Nazis so that
00:16:58
the Nazis will send or let the Jews from
00:17:02
Europe come here to Israel and be safe
00:17:07
and in in in addition thei will will
00:17:12
help the Germans by fighting the British
00:17:15
but the Nazis never rode back eventually
00:17:17
stern was killed while attempting to
00:17:19
flee an arrest warrant by British police
00:17:21
and while his group never gain the
00:17:23
dominance he wished it would continue to
00:17:25
wield a significant impact on the events
00:17:27
over the next few years meanwhile as the
00:17:30
horrors of World War II unfolded David
00:17:32
benorian became engaged in the efforts
00:17:34
to continue the illegal immigration of
00:17:37
Jewish refugees to Palestine taking
00:17:39
advantage of a distracted Britain he
00:17:41
employed the hagana to organize a
00:17:43
continuous Fleet of vessels across the
00:17:44
Mediterranean to sneaking thousands to
00:17:47
the new yeshu communities by this point
00:17:49
they were close to
00:17:51
450,000 Jewish migrants in Palestine
00:17:54
though the British continued to restrict
00:17:55
further official avenues for migration
00:17:58
and as the the realities of the extent
00:18:00
of the Holocaust were coming into light
00:18:02
the zionists and the Aron who'd put
00:18:04
aside their differences to fight
00:18:05
alongside the British were outraged and
00:18:07
determined to take control of Palestine
00:18:10
once and for all by 1944 a young devout
00:18:13
follower of Z jabotinsky had taken
00:18:16
control of the militia his name was
00:18:19
manim beIN and in 1944 declared an open
00:18:22
Rebellion against the British mandate
00:18:24
orchestrating a series of bombings on
00:18:26
immigration offices in Jerusalem Tel
00:18:29
Aviv and
00:18:30
hia he then went after the tax officers
00:18:33
then the police stations the Lei joined
00:18:36
in taking part in a series of
00:18:37
increasingly Brazen attacks on British
00:18:40
police officers which eventually led to
00:18:42
the assassination of Britain's minister
00:18:44
of State for the Middle East on the 6th
00:18:46
of November Walter Edward Guinness also
00:18:49
known as Lord Mo was shot by two Lei
00:18:52
operatives outside his home in
00:18:55
Cairo his death sent shock waves through
00:18:58
of the region and put the Zionist fight
00:19:01
for control of Palestine on the world
00:19:03
stage Lei Enon accused Lord Mo of being
00:19:06
one of the architects of the white paper
00:19:09
and used his death to send a message to
00:19:11
Winston Churchill one of lei's leaders
00:19:14
and the brains behind the assassination
00:19:16
Yak Shamir later explained this in an
00:19:20
interview he was against any Jewish
00:19:22
alyah any Jewish immigration he didn't
00:19:25
believe that there exists such a thing
00:19:26
like a Jewish Nation or a Jewish people
00:19:29
and therefore we decided to make this
00:19:31
operation it would not be shamir's last
00:19:33
assassination Britain still embroiled in
00:19:36
the war leaned on Boran and Zionist
00:19:39
leaders to quell the attacks and the hag
00:19:41
began going after Aon and lei members
00:19:44
killing or detaining thousands of them
00:19:47
in a period that would later be referred
00:19:48
to as the hunting
00:19:50
season fearing an outbreak of Civil War
00:19:53
manakan Bean instructed his militants to
00:19:56
stand down knowing that their actions
00:19:59
had proven popular among the Jewish
00:20:01
population in the yesu and his plan paid
00:20:03
off within months anger at the hag's
00:20:05
continued collaboration with the British
00:20:07
forced the Zionist leaders to back down
00:20:10
and join forces with Bean and the stern
00:20:12
gang to launch a United Jewish
00:20:15
resistance movement the alliance between
00:20:17
the three paramilitary groups escalated
00:20:19
the attacks against the British and
00:20:21
began to Target vital infrastructure
00:20:23
around Palestine railroads Bridges
00:20:25
prisons and police stations it was now
00:20:27
widely believed among the yeshu that the
00:20:30
British had betrayed their promise of a
00:20:31
Jewish State and that immigration
00:20:33
restrictions had to be overturned to
00:20:36
accommodate for the large population of
00:20:38
refugees fleeing the end of World War
00:20:41
II but the alliance had to remain secret
00:20:44
to protect the standing of Zionist
00:20:46
leaders in Europe a secret that was
00:20:48
exposed in
00:20:50
1946 during operation Agatha sometimes
00:20:53
referred to as Black Sabbath the British
00:20:56
conducted sweeping raids of Jewish
00:20:58
settlements arresting thousands of
00:21:00
Zionist activists and militants and
00:21:02
obtaining a trove of documents that
00:21:04
proved the Jewish agency including David
00:21:06
benan and the hagana were now working
00:21:09
with the Lei and the Aron both of whom
00:21:12
were considered terrorist
00:21:14
organizations The Raid infuriated the
00:21:16
militants and threatened The Fragile
00:21:19
Alliance in retaliation mahim Bean
00:21:22
ordered the Aron to carry out an
00:21:23
operation on the King David hotel in
00:21:25
Jerusalem which was the base of the
00:21:27
British secret Chariot and where the
00:21:29
confiscated documents were kept on July
00:21:32
22nd 1946 Aron operatives placed a 350
00:21:37
kg bomb in the basement of the hotel
00:21:40
blowing up its Southern wing and killing
00:21:42
91 people of them 41 were Palestinians
00:21:47
28 were British citizens and 17 were
00:21:50
Jews the shock of the attack forced the
00:21:52
hagana to retreat once again and Britain
00:21:55
escalated its Crackdown on Zionist
00:21:57
activists
00:21:59
but the Aron and lei persisted with
00:22:01
their operations targeting British
00:22:03
police in assassinations and kidnappings
00:22:06
and brunching out into
00:22:08
Europe 3 months later they blew up the
00:22:10
British Embassy building in Italy then
00:22:12
in January 1947 Lei operatives drove a
00:22:16
truck full of explosives into a British
00:22:18
police station in hia it was called the
00:22:21
world's first truck bomb then in March
00:22:24
of that year they blew up a British
00:22:26
colonial Club in London
00:22:28
weary from the aftermath of World War II
00:22:31
and struggling to control fighting in
00:22:32
most of its colonies Britain appealed to
00:22:35
the newly formed United Nations to find
00:22:37
a solution to the situation in Palestine
00:22:40
the UN then made up of only 57 member
00:22:43
states voted to divide the British
00:22:45
mandate into three states with 55% of
00:22:48
the land allocated to Jews who only made
00:22:51
up a third of the
00:22:52
population the state outline for Jews
00:22:55
itself had a big demographic problem
00:22:57
half of its resident were Palestinian
00:22:59
who rejected the proposal and sold help
00:23:02
from another new organization the Arab
00:23:04
League the British feeling like the
00:23:06
situation was no longer their
00:23:08
responsibility announced they were
00:23:09
ending their occupation of Palestine on
00:23:12
the 15th of May 1948 I have been
00:23:15
instructed by his Majesty's government
00:23:18
to announce with all
00:23:20
solemnity that they have consequently
00:23:23
decided that in the absence of a
00:23:27
settlement they must plan for an early
00:23:30
withdrawal of British forces and of the
00:23:34
British Administration from Palestine
00:23:37
this announcement only further escalated
00:23:39
the tensions and almost immediately a
00:23:42
civil war broke out between Palestinians
00:23:45
and the
00:23:53
yeshu by January 1948 an estimated 1,500
00:23:58
Palestinians and 400 Jews were killed in
00:24:00
the fighting benorian fearing a
00:24:03
retaliation from the neighboring Arab
00:24:05
states began to reshape the Hag from a
00:24:08
paramilitary group into the beginnings
00:24:10
of a structured Army implementing
00:24:12
mandatory conscription for all Jewish
00:24:14
men and women aged between 17 and 25
00:24:17
with the clock racing towards the 15th
00:24:19
of May benorian and the Zionist leaders
00:24:22
saw the war as an opportunity to cleanse
00:24:24
the Palestinian population from the
00:24:26
areas mapped out by the un party plan on
00:24:29
the 10th of March they met in Tel Aviv
00:24:31
and outlined plan DEET a blueprint for
00:24:34
targeting Palestinian population centers
00:24:36
in the Jewish partisan State and
00:24:38
enacting a policy of forc depopulation
00:24:41
and destruction that plan was
00:24:44
effectively already underway but over
00:24:46
the next few months it would escalate
00:24:48
into a campaign of Terror and ethnic
00:24:50
cleansing across Palestine on the 5th of
00:24:53
January 1948 hagana soldiers blew up the
00:24:56
samiramis hotel in jerus
00:24:59
reportedly killing 26 Christian
00:25:01
Palestinians as well as the Spanish Vice
00:25:04
Consul on the 14th of February hagana
00:25:07
special forces the Palmar attacked the
00:25:10
northern Palestinian Village of SATA in
00:25:12
the middle of the night blowing up 16
00:25:15
houses and killing 60
00:25:16
villagers on April 9th eron and lei
00:25:20
militants jointly committed the infamous
00:25:22
darasin Massacre where at least 107
00:25:25
Palestinian residents at the Village
00:25:26
including women and children were shot
00:25:28
dead then the bodies were piled up on
00:25:30
top of each other and
00:25:40
[Music]
00:25:50
[Music]
00:25:55
burned on April 25th Haan forces enter
00:25:59
the Jaffa town of sakya killing 14
00:26:01
people an eyewitness says the rest of
00:26:04
the villagers left their homes and ran
00:26:06
towards the nearest town he saw two
00:26:08
women who couldn't run so they were shot
00:26:11
on May 22nd after the residence of
00:26:13
tantura Village near hia surrendered to
00:26:15
the hag between 40 and 200 men were
00:26:18
rounded up shot dead and buried in a
00:26:21
communal grave today that grave has been
00:26:24
paved over to build a parcking lot
00:26:38
[Music]
00:26:40
[Applause]
00:26:47
[Applause]
00:26:49
by the time Israel unilaterally declared
00:26:52
itself estate on the 14th of May 1948
00:26:55
more than 200 Palestinian Villages had
00:26:57
been emptied it's people fleeing at
00:26:59
gunpoint or in fear from the stories of
00:27:02
massacres that happened in towns nearby
00:27:04
by the 15th of May more than
00:27:07
750,000 Palestinians had been made
00:27:10
refugees never to return to their homes
00:27:12
again the testimonies from those who
00:27:14
survived would be passed down from
00:27:16
generation to generation their
00:27:18
descendants still holding onto the keys
00:27:20
of the homes their grandparents had to
00:27:22
flee the testimonies of the Jewish
00:27:25
militants who took part in the massacres
00:27:26
that unfolded would take decades to come
00:27:29
to light and when they finally did it
00:27:31
would be hard for Israeli Society to
00:27:35
stomach the 15th of May is what
00:27:37
Palestinians refer to as the neba the
00:27:40
catastrophe for Israelis this day is
00:27:43
celebrated as their independence day two
00:27:46
weeks later David benorian now the first
00:27:49
prime minister of the new Jewish State
00:27:51
announced the formation of the IDF the
00:27:54
Israeli Defense Force combining the
00:27:56
hagana and the Aron with the majority of
00:27:58
Lei members joining its
00:28:00
ranks they immediately turned their
00:28:02
attention to fighting off the Arab
00:28:04
Coalition that had responded to Israel's
00:28:06
creation and the displacement of
00:28:08
Palestinians the United Nations
00:28:10
appointed folk bernot as the UN mediator
00:28:13
in Palestine in an attempt to reach a
00:28:15
diplomatic solution to the unfolding
00:28:17
Arab Israeli War on the 16th of
00:28:20
September he outlined his proposal a
00:28:22
single Union between Palestine and
00:28:24
Jordan with two Sovereign members one
00:28:27
Jewish and one Arab it would also allow
00:28:30
for displaced Palestinians to return to
00:28:31
their homes in the now Jewish controlled
00:28:34
cities and villages in the letter to the
00:28:36
UN Secretary General Bernadet wrote
00:28:39
quote it would be an offense against the
00:28:41
principles of Elemental Justice if these
00:28:44
innocent victims of the conflict were
00:28:45
denied the right to return to their
00:28:47
homes while Jewish immigrants flow into
00:28:50
Palestine and indeed at least offer the
00:28:53
threat of permanent replacement of the
00:28:55
Arab refugees who have been rooted in
00:28:58
the land for
00:28:59
centuries that letter was published on
00:29:01
the 18th of September 2 days after he
00:29:05
had outlined his
00:29:06
proposal but by that time he was already
00:29:11
dead the day before while driving
00:29:13
through Jerusalem four Lei operatives
00:29:16
ambushed his motocade and open fire
00:29:18
killing him and another French military
00:29:21
officer the newly formed Israeli
00:29:23
government arrested 200 of lei's
00:29:25
remaining members and put them on trial
00:29:27
for terrorism
00:29:28
and disbanding the group its leaders
00:29:30
including Yak Shamir were sentenced to
00:29:33
prison but their sentences would quickly
00:29:36
be suspended and they were eventually
00:29:38
pardoned a few years later Shamir would
00:29:40
join a new political party formed by
00:29:43
eron leader minak and Bean Around the
00:29:46
revisionist Zionist ideals of their
00:29:48
predecessor
00:29:50
jabotinsky it would be called herut or
00:29:53
freedom in a letter published in the New
00:29:55
York Times in December 1948 some of the
00:29:58
world's most prominent Jewish thinkers
00:30:00
including Albert Einstein and Hannah
00:30:02
erant described mahim beIN and the uron
00:30:06
as a terrorist right-wing chauvinist
00:30:08
organization and compared the harud
00:30:11
party in its organization methods
00:30:13
political philosophy and social appeal
00:30:16
to the Nazi and fascist parties the
00:30:18
Israeli Defense Force would become the
00:30:20
foundation of the state of Israel and
00:30:22
its history of Terror assassinations and
00:30:24
ethnic cleansing would be wiped clean
00:30:28
the militant leaders who helped shape
00:30:29
its bloody Origins would go on to shape
00:30:31
the country for decades to
00:30:33
come David boran's message of Purity and
00:30:37
restraint would become the narrative
00:30:39
embedded in the Army's propaganda
00:30:42
repeated to the world in response to
00:30:44
Growing criticism of its tactics the
00:30:46
historical voices who challenged this
00:30:48
narrative from inside Israel would be
00:30:50
outcast and ridiculed into silence the
00:30:53
harut party would remain on the fringes
00:30:55
of Israel's parliament for the next two
00:30:57
decades but its ideas would slowly
00:30:59
dominate the mainstream in
00:31:02
1973 minin Bean would join forces with a
00:31:05
former hagana Commander Ariel Chiron and
00:31:08
expand harut into a wider right-wing
00:31:11
Coalition called lud four years later
00:31:14
Bean would be elected Israel's prime
00:31:16
minister he'd be succeeded by former Lei
00:31:19
leader Yak Shamir who would serve as
00:31:21
prime minister from 1983 to 1984 and
00:31:24
again from 1986 to
00:31:26
1992 by this time lud and its
00:31:30
revisionist Zionism Roots had become an
00:31:32
undeniable wing of Israeli Politics as
00:31:35
well as its expansionist Ambitions and
00:31:38
just four years after the end of
00:31:39
shamir's term lud would return to office
00:31:42
under the stewardship and vision of a
00:31:44
young highly ambitious and quietly
00:31:47
ruthless prime minister his name was
00:31:50
Benjamin Netanyahu
00:31:52
[Music]
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