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hi I want to try and make an arc
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transmitter I think it's the first-ever
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RF radio wireless transmitter ever
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invented you know back when Tesla was
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busy wasting his time trying to transmit
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power wirelessly around the world other
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people figured out they could use the
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same technology to transmit information
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which is literally the same thing as
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transmitting power around the world just
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that it wasn't enough to power anything
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but was just enough to transmit the
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information there see I made the Taser a
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while back and I'm gonna use it to
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create the arcs I need and there it is
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let's see if it works after all these
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years what what happened there is to be
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two nails in there and the gap was
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shorter if I put a piece of wire there
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to make the gap shorter it starts going
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yes there it is
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now it works died again what's going on
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there haha see this is the circuit I
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designed for my taser which I explained
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in my website electro boom come if you
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are interested I have a relay here that
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switches back and forth and when it's on
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this side it charges the primary of the
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transformer but when it disconnects
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there is high-voltage energy here that
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arcs between the contacts and they heat
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up and eventually get welded and
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permanently shorted and when I flick the
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relay they disconnect and start working
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again hopefully I won't have to deal
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with that problem now now I have some
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general knowledge and how this
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transmitter should work and this might
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or might not be good enough for my
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transmitter let's give it a try this is
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a typical arc driven Tesla coil circuit
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designed by Nikola Tesla what it does is
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that using an initial transformer it
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amplifies some AC voltage to ten twenty
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or thirty kilovolts this is a spark gap
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and at the peak of the AC voltage when
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the voltage across these two points is
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maximum and our
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is created between them and you know an
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arc has a very low resistance so this
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thing is like a switch that closes at
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high voltage now when the switch closes
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the high voltage energy of the capacitor
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pours into the primary inductor of the
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Tesla coil and they resonate and
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oscillate at a certain frequency which
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matches the resonant frequency of the
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secondary of Tesla coil the huge winding
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turn ratio of the Tesla coil combined to
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the resonance frequency can create
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millions of volts at the output now if
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you're smart enough but not too smart
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yet you might ask when this switch is
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closed we still have this inductor
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parallel to that circuit how come it
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doesn't affect the resonance frequency
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the reason is that this inductance is
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much larger than that one and at the
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resonance frequency which is much larger
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than the input frequency this guy is
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like an open circuit
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now while Nikola Tesla was kicking
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himself with this circuit other people
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figured out that we don't need this
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secondary part we can just add an
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antenna here and this circuit was strong
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enough to create electromagnetic waves
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and radio frequencies that could be
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picked up by a receiver on the other
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side or at least that's what I think and
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I'm thinking maybe I'm thinking maybe I
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can use my taser circuit instead of this
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transformer to create high voltage here
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so the idea here is to transmit radio
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frequencies to be picked up by another
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circuit which is essentially another
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inductor and capacitor with the
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resonance frequency that matches the
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transmitter and the voltage built up
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here would be large enough to be
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detected by another circuit so I guess
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anyone with a proper inductor and
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capacitor could read your information
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yes we are talking about all times
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nobody knew how to do it unlike now that
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I'm telling you how to do it that's why
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anyway looking at this it's very much
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the same as the original Tesla coil with
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the primary resonating with the
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secondary and creating a voltage there
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except that in the Tesla coil these two
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are much closer and the output voltage
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is much higher and as you move this
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further the voltage goes lower and lower
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that's why Nikola Tesla's work was
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essential in wireless communication
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there are different configurations of
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the same circuit that do the same thing
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but for now I'll go with this one and
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see what happens I'll have to make my
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components and my capacitors have to be
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very high voltage and my receiver though
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the voltage is much lower so I can use
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regular components so for my capacitor
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I'm thinking to use my Leyden jar I made
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a while back should clean it up a little
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bit but it should be able to handle tens
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of kilo volts smell oh jeez it's all
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rotted in there oh why did I forget to
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remove the water from there my screw
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they're turning to powder look at this
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there we go
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a fresh screw and wire and with fresh
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salt water so we are ready to go I don't
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need the ball on the top and if it's
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like last time the capacitance should be
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around yeah 1.3 nano farad
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okay so my capacitor is in good shape
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now I need to make an inductor I'm
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thinking to make it resonate at 1
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megahertz and for that I have to do it
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on paper there you go I need around 19
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micro Henry of inductance now to make my
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inductor I need a big cylinder to wind
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the wires around let's assume for now
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I'm going to use this PVC pipe with a
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diameter of 16 millimeters now I want to
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make an air core inductor like this with
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windings separated by some distance
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because the voltage across the
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inductance I have is like tens of kilo
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volts so it could arc between the
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windings if there are too close I'm
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going to use this calculator because
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their model seems to match what I'm
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trying to do
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and if I put my parameters in 30 turns
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and half a centimeter spacing between
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the wires my inductor will end up being
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around 18 micro henries which is close
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enough damnit I only have enough water
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for 15 turns hopefully that's enough
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otherwise I'll have to add according to
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the calculator with 15 turns I should
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get around 7.8 micro henries that would
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significantly raise my resonance
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frequency let's measure the actual value
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let's see how much is the inductance
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zero after all this I think this is not
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accurate for the small inductance I have
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to do it another way
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I measured inductor like this I put a
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hundred on series resistor with the
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inductor provide a sine wave input and
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measure the output now if I plot the
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output on a logarithmic scale versus
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frequency at low frequency the inductor
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is like a short circuit so the output is
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low and as the frequency rises the
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impedance Rises and so the output
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voltage until at some point the inductor
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is like an open circuit and the line
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goes flat now at a certain frequency the
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output to input difference is three
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decibels or the output voltage to input
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ratio is around 0.7 if we measure that
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frequency using this equation we can
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calculate the inductance here you know
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is the input sine-wave
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and green is the output voltage across
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the inductor and if I sweep the
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frequency higher you see that the green
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voltage across the output rises - and
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when it reaches around 70 percent of the
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input voltage that's where your 3 DB
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frequency is but fortunately for me my
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scope has this frequency response
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analysis function that will plot these
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graphs for me automatically and here the
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blue curve is my amplitude change and I
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can see that around here is my 3 DB drop
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and it is at 1.68 megahertz and that
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means my inductor is around nine and a
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half micro henries see in the ballpark
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and if I use these numbers to calculate
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my resonance frequency it's around 1.4
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mega Hertz
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I guess it's okay let's actually measure
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it when I have a LC circuit like this
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and measure the output at low frequency
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the inductor is like a short circuit and
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the output is low at high frequency the
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capacitor is like a short circuit and
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the output is low so when I raise the
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frequency the output goes up and then
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goes down again and this spot which is
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my resonance frequency is where the
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impedance of these two is infinite and
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the output is equal to input all my
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wires here probably will add some
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inductance to the system and drop the
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frequency a little bit but yeah here we
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are we have a terrible looking peak and
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the amplitude starts rising at higher
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frequency again and the peak frequency
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is around 1.4 megahertz see here's the
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problem we have when we measure the
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output voltage at this point and we have
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alligator clips here that have some tiny
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inductance associated with them at low
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frequency this inductance is like a
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short circuit and as the frequency Rises
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the voltage Rises until we reach the
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resonance frequency after which this
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capacitor takes over and the voltage
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drops again but above some frequency
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these tiny inductors become much larger
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impedance and isolate the capacitor from
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the measurement point and the voltage
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Rises again but if we measure as close
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as possible to the capacitor to reduce
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the line inductance then we will push
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this voltage return thing to much higher
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frequencies which doesn't affect what we
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are trying to do just that our resonant
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circuit will have a little bit of higher
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inductance due to these wires let's try
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the same thing with the Leyden jar what
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do we do
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there we go now my peak is around one
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and a half megahertz and my high
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frequency inductive crap happens at much
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higher frequency if we run our wires a
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straight compared to looping them a
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couple of times it will make a
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significant difference in
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resonance frequency which we could use
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let's put them together first off the
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capacitor this is the art without the
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capacitor and now here we have the arcs
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with the capacitor connected see it
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doesn't work anymore because I think the
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capacitor is loading the output voltage
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and reducing it so I have to bring the
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contacts further close never rely on the
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wire coating very high voltage easily
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breaks through it here I made a
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sophisticated spark gap here
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that's adjustable too now this is with
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the capacitor across the output arcs are
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much stronger and without the capacitor
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much weaker the reason is the capacitor
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stores a much greater energy and release
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it in a stronger and now I add my
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inductor to the circuit - so now the arc
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has to go through the inductor and arcs
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are a little bit weaker now because the
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inductor limits this spike of current
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and resonates with the capacitor goody
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now I have a loop on my probe and let's
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see what will pick up on this scope look
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at this beauty it's clearly resonating
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at a frequency of around 1.4 megahertz
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with a peak of 5 volts let's make a
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receiver so here I made an inductor
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that's around 14 micro henries parallel
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with the 1 nano farad capacitor to give
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me a resonance of around 1.4 megahertz
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and this is what we get on the receiver
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these voltages are above 40 volts is
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smaller the power of resonance I should
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be able to turn on some LEDs with this
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here I put two parallel reverse LEDs
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across the circuit and it's barely turn
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on even very close to the inductor which
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means that the received energy is very
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small and as soon as we loaded the
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voltage significantly drops which means
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as long as we don't load the circuit it
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should have high enough voltage to
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detect so I'm gonna use this circuit I
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made a while back that
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takes AC voltages from the wire there we
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go
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and I'm running it off a 9-volt battery
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so it's a little bit more sensitive and
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if I press the switch it's turning on
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and it's getting brighter
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get closer go away of course I didn't
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put an antenna on me so I should do that
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in AM radio frequencies where I'm at it
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greatly helps if we ground the
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transmitter and receiver and have one of
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those massive antennas you have probably
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seen around the roads at least at the
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transmitter the radio waves like a
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mirror bounce of Earth and ionosphere
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which is a charged layer in the
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atmosphere and can travel long distances
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I have an extension cord I'll connect to
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my transmitter as the antenna and
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another extension code as the receiver
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antenna I guess I'll just connect it to
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my ceiling delight the other side to air
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through my scope ground well let's just
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move it all the way back in this corner
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and I'll use the outlet airs to connect
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it to ground there you go no antenna
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connected don't see anything now I'll
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just hook my receiver antenna to this
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corner here and here it is with the
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antenna of course at the receiver the
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signal will be very small over long
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distances so you need a very sharp
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filter to extract your signal from noise
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and a very low noise amplifier to
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increase the signal to a usable level
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well it's always encouraging to know
00:14:46
your knowledge is not absolute this is
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what they used a while back to send
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Morse codes help me of course these
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radio waves are always available for
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everyone to pick up and read that's why
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when there were sending Morse codes they
00:15:02
would use a special code to encrypt
00:15:04
their data so that nobody could
00:15:06
understand them same thing they do at
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expressvpn even when you're at home
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which you should be right now your ISP
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