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UFERSA presents...
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In 1963, the educator Paulo Freire developed a pioneering literacy project
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for youth and adults in the state of Rio Grande do Norte.
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After 50 years, the alumni remembered how everything happened and what this experience represented in their lives.
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Angicos, August 1st 2013.
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40 HOURS IN MEMORY
Rescue of the Experience of Paulo Freire's Students in Angicos/RN
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WHAT WAS ANGICOS LIKE?
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Once in the town of Angicos
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In the path of passign people
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Many were the sort of trouble
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In that unmerciful moment
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The drought over the dry land
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Calamity, only tragedy
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And the lack of oportunity
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Made everyone’s heart impatient
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Here’s my place’s thankless present
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There was nothing except difficulty
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Oh… life in Angicos
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was worst in the past.
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It was a very hard life…
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we fought for living.
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We had no rights… we could only work.
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Since I was young, I worked hard,
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sowing the land with my father… in the countryside,
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you know?
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I was a farmer, I was 20 years old, you know?!
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I was in my twenties and worked in my father’s farm.
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It was more than 4 miles to get to work.
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It was a hard and poor life. A… hum… very hard life.
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It was a poor land.
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Our place was very poor.
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In the morning,
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we used to harvest “pêlo”
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and then peel
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it and market it on the streets.
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We’ve done that for living.
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It was very sad… the poverty in Angicos.
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But there were the poorest people
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who used three little rocks in the clay pot to cook beans,
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potato and pumkin which were grown in the farms.
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Plant beans, corn, watermelon, watermelon seeds and clear the land…
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That’s our life… working… like this.
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We went through many difficult things in life, you know?!
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We had one baby per year… and we struggled…
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For us to go to work, we had to walk for three hours every week [sic]
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Many things lacked in Angicos that time.
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There wasn’t electricity. There wasn’t running water.
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There wasn’t anything.
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They were backward times, madam… and now I think it’s too forward.
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It was very dificult to go to school. There were a few schools.
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THE 40 HOURS
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Meantime there came a new fact
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After the wonderful voice
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Tell we all now have a choice
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Then a teacher and a friend Educators in the end.
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Unexpected invitation
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Long awaited education. Lay in each and every building
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Likewise the winged education. For everybody’s formation. Freire’s participation.
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A Jeep with speakers passed on the streets. It was a Jeep. I remember it.
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With big round speakers, you know?!
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Then someone spoke live, inviting people to enroll in school.
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Then I said we wanted to study, me and mom.
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Then my father agreed
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and said: “Oh! I go there too!”
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He joined mom and we went to school.
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There came some girls for meetings
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and they said about Paulo Freire, 40 hours …
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I went to enroll and study at school.
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I didn’t know anything. The first class had Paulo
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Someone invited me to study. I said: “I’ll go!”
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Then they said there would be classes and a teacher
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would help the illiterate.
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When this stuff of schools came up, they went there at my home…
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and the people liked as classes started, you know?!
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So, every night, they were crazy to go to school.
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After I got married
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as I was working on the roads
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from Angicos to Afonso Bezerra
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there came a lady called Maria Bezerra…
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then she called our attention…
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and, among us,
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with a book in her hands,
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she said there were schools here in the city… and we should consider them our schools.
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Then we went there at night.
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We came and enrolled right on the road.
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I didn’t know anything.
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Then I, foolish, as the others from the past times,
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was afraid of everything
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I was afraid of going to school.
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At 7 PM we took the book and the pencil and went
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to this house
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whose room served as classroom…
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we were so pleased to go to school.
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When my father was very tired, he said: “Go! I’m not going today.”
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As we got to school, the teacher went our home.
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“Come on, Mr. Severiano!
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Let’s learn it! If you leave one day back it’s harder to learn the other days…”
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Then he was convinced.
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When we were sat in the classroom, she (teacher) looked and said someone was missing.
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“I’m gonna take him now!”
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She went people’s home and insisted to make them go.
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“Come on, man! It’s quick. You can go!”
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She came affectionately, like this. And we went on studying…
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Everyone in my group remained until the end,
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and as it ended we celebrated it with a party…
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The teachers liked us as much as we liked them, you know?!
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She was very kind! She didn’t treat us differently.
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As she arrived in classroom, she hugged everyone, black, white, poor, rich…
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she loved us all. That’s why we get emotional.
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The classroom was lamp and candle-lighted…
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there were lamps and a great lantern that we called “lampião”.
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Each one of us took one chair to the school.
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At the end, there were many of us outside, you know?!
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It looked like a celebration.
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We went there every night.
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There was only one light generator in Angicos, you know?
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Then they brought some machines
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they called projector.
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And they turn them on and a movie passed on the screen,
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and we kept watching it.
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We had books but we couldn’t read yet.
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We’ve been learning and we had everything for that.
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All we could take to know the alphabet, to learn it correctly.
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At that time, the one who couldn’t read was a fool, you know?!
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I learned to read and write my name.
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In class, he (teacher) just wrote on the blackboard
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and told us to write the words, fill in “tile”, “brick”, these things.
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So he wrote the (first) letter and we filled in.
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They taught us the writing on the screen, you know?!
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The words “brick”, “belota”
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and many other ones.
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They taught us letter by letter, and we followed them and learned them.
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I knew neither the letter A.
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So there came this Paulo Freire’s project.
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Then they passed on the streets to enroll people, you know?!
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And everyone did.
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There were Paulo Freire’s school everywhere in Angicos.
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We learned through some objects, words in a little book.
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It showed the word “brick”, so there was a picture of a brick.
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“House”, and a picture of a house… and several words.
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Classes were… At that time, they started speaking about craftwork, you know,
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made of clay, brick, how it’s made, how we can make a clay pot.
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Everything was in the film on the wall.
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The clay pots.
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There was a crazy one
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who wanted to take the pots as they appeared on the wall.
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We laughed a lot.
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There were the words… he wrote on the board.
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They were “belota”, “shoes”…
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and that’s how we learned them.
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Slowly, little by little.
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They were politicization classes, in which people knew about their rights.
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These 40 hours were great for me,
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for all of us.
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I’ve learned to teach my name’s spelling.
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But these few months represented many, many years for me.
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They were two months of classes.
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And they taught us to write “eye”, “sauce”, “people”.
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I liked that too much. I just didn’t like because it lasted only two months.
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It was in 1963.
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It shouldn’t have ended
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because there were many illiterate people.
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It encouraged people very much.
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My teacher’s name was Valquiria.
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She showed that film and told us to spell
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those old words: “chiquichique”, “brick”
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We spelled the words and then we kept saying them.
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The classroom had about 20 students.
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I consider it a full class because… you know
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it appeared unexpectedly.
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I’ll never forget
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she (teacher) applied herself
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to make us write at least our names.
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That’s what she applied her mind to.
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I liked most the classes on what my father already knew about.
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For example, the class about brick.
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He could make it.
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He knew how to market it.
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He knew how much was to make it.
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He knew everything about bricks.
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Then I loved because he could answer everything.
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Classes at that time had old words.
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Words like “brick”, “tile”, “belota”, you know, the old words.
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Today, no one knows them anymore.
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“Belota”, he said. Can you make a “belota”?
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And we made the “belota”.
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Do you know what it is?
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It’s that stuff of the hammock.
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It’s suspended both sides of the hammock.
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I remember many classes because they used films
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and, as they appeared on the wall, they’re too difficult to forget.
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The films passed according to the word studied.
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For example, the word “brick”.
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Then the film was on a man in a construction
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placing a brick on another brick.
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They showed the film
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and then explained it
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they showed the images right on the board
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and then explained how it serves for.
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He said we could write anywhere, even on the ground.
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The classroom was just like here.
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We’re all sitting in pairs
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two ones ahead and the other two behind.
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Then the teacher was in front of us writing the numbers on the blackboard
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and he asked us to say those numbers.
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And we said them. If we knew them, we promptly spoke
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but if we didn’t know, he erased them for us to try them again.
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Before this school, I couldn’t even write my name
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because I have never atended any class.
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The hoe and the sickle had been our school… just farming.
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I worked the whole day, I left home before sunrise.
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And when it arrives, I would go to class.
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PAULO FREIRE
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Paulo Freire, decent memory
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Wisdom and humble combined
Must be always laid in mind
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Through his own belief of literacy
Spread and teach the known democracy
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It shall never be abandoned
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Once it is all people needed
To remember what has happened
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And the way it has proceeded
Our cry, Lord, you can listen
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I remember well when Paulo Freire came here, you know?!
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When he arrived at the town. It was a great joy for the people.
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He came so gently.
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He hugged all students and spoke to them.
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Then he shook my hand and hugged me… Paulo Freire.
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He was very, very polite.
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So, the politeness he had
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was taught to the teachers and then to us, you know?!
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I remember everything.
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I remember everything at that time.
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Because all that’s been taught was something very useful
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something very… very well planned.
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He planned everything very well.
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I remember his type. He was kind of bearded, you know?!
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Sometimes, as a bearded man passes by, I use to say:
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“Look! He’s Paulo Freire!”
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He was a wonderful man.
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He wouldn’t have died so early.
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Paulo Freire was a wonderful teacher.
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He was thin.
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I thought he was a down figure
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but his voice was strong…
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He told us it is important for us to know our rights… to understand them…
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I remember my mother wrote a letter saying:
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“I’m not mass anymore, I’m a person!”
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That came from what she learned there, you know?!
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He just wished people to know their rights by the time of the military dictatorship.
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The military didn’t want people to claim their rights.
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When Paulo Freire came here
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it was a time of… when we went to school.
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We walked holding a book.
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Our little books hidden under our shirts because
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they told no one should go to those classes
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or they would arrest us all once Paulo Freire was communist.
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They asked if we liked Paulo Freire’s classes.
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“We do! We do!”
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They said he was communist, but he wasn’t.
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When he has been exiled
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they said everyone who met him should also be arrested.
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Then people burned and buried books, the papers.
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Everyone did that because
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we were all afraid.
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They burned the papers, everything… but the words remained.
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The seed had already been planted.
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And it grew.
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I’ve put them on the yard and burned them. No one kept them
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you know?!
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Because people disapproved Paulo Freire, and the school.
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But people didn’t know the benefits.
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The good things, you know?!
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He wasn’t communist. He was a good teacher.
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I wanted to say to Paulo Freire…
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I wanted to thank him, to say thank you very much
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because you took my fear away.
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You made me confident…
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I can read thanks to God, first, and to Paulo Freire, second.
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I thank them both, God and Paulo Freire.
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Thank you very much!
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For this opportunity that helped many ones…
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There isn’t anything more important than the knowledge.
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WHAT MADE
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Afterall and in the end
It was recorded in memory
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Grand and endless testamentary
Of accurately even signing
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The people’s citizenship feeling
Handling the paper and pen
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And ever defeat a sachem
With no study, no instruction
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Even refuge or protection
Of a strong right-hand henchman
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The most memorable moment, the most important one was the first days of classes.
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When we started them, you know?!
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We’ve learned enough so that we could write and read everything right in the first days.
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It was much important!
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We were all hicks!
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As the saying goes, we were all hicks
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but we’ve learned we also could be someone like the other people, right?!
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I’ve learned a lot because I can write my name and some other words.
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It was a seed that grew and gave me the knowledge I didn’t have before.
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I’ve learned. It was so remarkable, you know?!
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The most important thing I’ve learned was to write my name.
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When Paulo Freire appeared, he said “Look, girls!
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You’re going to write these letters.
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You’re going to learn reading and writing
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so that you can write letters to your boyfriends…”
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Paulo Freire used to say.
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Like reading and writing my name
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spelling, knowing the letters. I didn’t know the letters in my youth.
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After 11 days I could write my name and I didn’t forget that anymore.
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He taught us to write mom’s name
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and others…
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Sorry!
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I learned it and I can write
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my mother’s name: Maria das Dores de Andrade.
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He taught us to read, the alphabet…
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a, e, i, o, u, then the first syllables.
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He wrote our names and we followed him…
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it was very hard, but I thank God I learned
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and today I can write my name.
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In the last class, the president, João Goulart,
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came for the closing
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then they said I could read, a kid could, and he called me there
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he took a pen and pointed to the newspaper…
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As I finished reading he said: What do you want to earn?
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Then I said: A handbag for me to carry my books to school.
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I think he was João Goulart…
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we were all there, and he arrived.
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Then we hugged him, and he shaked our hands
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Pleased and happy.
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i understood many things, right?
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Because I couldn’t read anything
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And this was an advantage for me. Hail Mary!
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It was very good! A school like that seems… I’ll tell you what… sent by God.
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I required my documents and I could sign them
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not only stamp my fingerprint.
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People used to sign their documents with the fingerprint, you know.
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It helped me a lot… I’m literate.
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I’m not that blind.
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It helped a lot, not only me but everyone studying there.
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There were many classrooms.
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Some people didn’t know an “a” or “b”.
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My father liked that a lot.
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He was a quite old man, but he didn’t care about it.
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He said “I want to learn how to write my name”
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and he did. So did Mom.
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They could vote too.
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When there was election, we couldn’t vote.
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I learned to vote as I learned to write my name.
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I went to get the title at the registry office.... Then I started voting
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I still vote today.
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That time I didn’t know who the president was
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or deputy, senator, councilor, whatever.
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I knew nothing!
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I was a complete
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hick. I knew nothing.
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But after Paulo Freire
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gave us those lessons
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I learned a lot and I knew who they were.
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We had to fight for our rights.
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And that time we had none.
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And through education we had to meet our needs.
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"What does the rich do with the poor?”
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So I answered: “Just like a mosquito
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which sucks one’s blood while he’s sleeping”
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Paulo Freire insisted on the land
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hat God never gave it to us.
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Then the rich fence it, take possession of it
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and the small farm worker has nowhere to work
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no beans or corns to eat
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because the rich fence the land to raise cattle
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if there is a grassland on it. Is that fair?!
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To grow some mango, banana, but can’t eat them?
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They never told me the meaning of “people”.
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I didn’t know what that was.
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But I knew that through Paulo Freire’s lessons
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We are the people.
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They want us to learn and be like the others.
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They wanted the best for us.
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Brazil took the lead… the world turns on wheels
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you know?
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They taught us that learning
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may turns us citizens
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everywhere.
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She told us to write on the blackboard: “I can read!”
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Then I wrote it.
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It was great!
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And we all cheered because each one wrote it.
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Many people evolved because they couldn’t vote and today they can. Why?
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Because they studied in Paulo Freire’s school.
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I’ll vote until I die because I like it.
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I’m too old but it’s not forbidden, is it?
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Because I like voting.
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I’m Brazilian!
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To open people’s minds
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there was no experience like that so far.
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Then there came this chance and
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we could open our minds a little.
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After forty hours with Paulo Freire
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I learned to write
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required my documents to vote. I couldn’t write.
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I’m so grateful because of these lessons
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Because of his willingness and interest
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dedicated to us that time
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when we learned what we didn’t know.
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If I saw Paulo Freire today
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I’d thank him so much for what he did.
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Today I can read
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and write a little thanks to God, firstly, and secondly to Paulo Freire.
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THE LEGACY
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As the history reechoes
It remains both the experience
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And the cognizance and sense
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It is really worth education
Gift lives with signification
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Education is the only
Having citizens to live freely
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Our future, solid ground
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For the learning we have found
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And, thus, reach the wanted freedom
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I have good memories about the lessons
00:24:55
Sometimes I remember Paulo Freire. As I’m here I use to remember him.
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They’re all good memories.
00:25:03
I think I was nobody. And I’m someone today.
00:25:07
My name is far away
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overseas.
00:25:11
It was important for me.
00:25:13
I guess everyone was important
00:25:15
because I learned not to fear things.
00:25:19
Education is the most important thing.
00:25:22
Because if we can’t read and write we know nothing
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We only repeat what others say.
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And if we learn that, take some paper and read it.
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We know even a document is signed.
00:25:40
This experience was important
00:25:42
Paulo Freire’s ideas opened our eyes.
00:25:48
There were some people who didn’t know the vowel “a”.
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I already knew “a”, “b”, “c”, “d”, “e”.
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There’s nothing more important than education.
00:25:57
Knowing is the best thing in life…
00:26:01
Education?
00:26:03
It’s everything in life
00:26:05
Education is above all. God, health and education.
00:26:08
If go somewhere and they tell me to write my name
00:26:13
I do it.
00:26:14
At a drugstore, I can write everything,
00:26:16
search for my medications, at the bank, everything.
00:26:20
It’s completely changed.
00:26:22
What would I do without those lessons?
00:26:25
Well, the person who can’t read or write is blind, you know?
00:26:30
Knowing is good! Because the more we study the more we learn.
00:26:35
Being illiterate is very bad. You can’t even journey.
00:26:39
If you go somewhere different and there is a sign
00:26:42
you don’t know where you are, what is written on it.
00:26:45
Finishing illiteracy
00:26:51
isn’t having another life.
00:26:53
Because who knows nothing is like a walking blind
00:26:58
who just walks whithout knowing where to go.
00:27:02
The thing I admire most is education.
00:27:04
hose who can’t read or write know nothing
00:27:08
What does that mean? They are dust!
00:27:10
I’m a citizen!
00:27:12
I’m aware of my rights and duties.
00:27:16
My classmates used to say
00:27:20
“We don’t want to be mass. We want to be people
00:27:23
knowing everything, citizens, knowing ourselves
00:27:31
and what the others do.”
00:27:35
Because it opened people’s minds.
00:27:40
hat time, elections were bustling, eventful.
00:27:48
I reared my family
00:27:51
and they all can read.
00:27:54
It represents all in my educational life so far.
00:27:58
The importance of reading, knowing things
00:28:03
I always taught this to my family.
00:28:06
Yeah… those 40 hours transformed, or formed
00:28:10
I don’t know… a whole family!
00:28:13
I’m glad my children can read.
00:28:16
All 3 graduated high school.
00:28:19
One of them works for Petrobras
00:28:21
I want them to acomplish what I couldn’t do.
00:28:26
As my mother didn’t let us study.
00:28:29
She thought her daughters souldn’t study
00:28:31
and that was taught by her father.
00:28:35
I used to say to myself:
00:28:38
“A child of mine shall study no matter what happens."
00:28:43
All my children studied and so are my grandchildren.
00:28:47
I reared a grandson and I thank God I could rear him.
00:28:55
Today he is a manager at the Caixa Economica bank in Apodi.
00:29:01
If I still had those lessons, I’d be a doctor.
00:29:04
Because the way I was going… wasn’t it?
00:29:07
I soon learned many things with him.
00:29:10
And soon I got more confident.
00:29:13
I’m so glad with what I learned.
00:29:15
And I guess they’re worth it
00:29:17
because, besides I’m not a teacher
00:29:20
I preach the word of God that is important
00:29:24
and I read the Bible and teach it to the others.
00:29:30
If I had continued studying, maybe I’d have graduated at college.
00:29:33
If I have continued studying, I could be another Anita, right?!
00:29:37
The little I learned wasn’t enough to make me better
00:29:41
to get a better job… but if I have continued studying
00:29:43
I’m sure I’d have gotten that.
00:29:46
The best lesson I learned was
00:29:48
to motivate my children to study.
00:29:50
I learned that knowing is above all.
00:29:53
I learned a lot! They’re really worth it.
00:29:56
I have a granddaughter who graduated at college.
00:30:02
She got it!
00:30:05
A psychologist!
00:30:08
I hope my grandchildren graduate
00:30:12
and they have everything alright in their lives.
00:30:14
I think the greatest thing in life
00:30:16
is to take child to the church to receive a graduation degree, you know?
00:30:22
I’m so honored to have been Paulo Freire’s student.
00:30:27
I first learned to teach my father
00:30:29
and then I wish I was a teacher
00:30:32
I wanted to be the teacher Eneide
00:30:36
and I got it.
00:30:38
Professor Eneide. Graduated in pedagogy and public servant
00:30:42
DATASHEET
00:30:46
Passos Jr.
Director and screenwriter
00:30:50
Renata Jaguaribe.
Reporter and screenwriter
00:30:54
Eduardo Mendonça
Director of photography
00:30:58
Amanda Freitas
Producer and arts director
00:31:03
Production assistants
Higo Lima. Vanessa D'Oliviêr. Cinara Ribeiro. Valeria Dantas
00:31:09
Diego Farias
Image editor
00:31:14
Hailton Mangabeira. Carlos Zens
Cordelist poet Soundtrack
00:31:20
Ufersa Angicos Collaboration: Prof. Joselito Medeiros, Prof. Rita Diana, Prof. Éder Jofre, Prof. Jacimara Villar
00:31:26
Drivers: Carlos Antônio (1st and 3rd days), Raimundo Nonato (2nd day), Aldomario Marcos (4th day), Marcos Antônio (Angicos)
00:31:32
Thanks: Geraldo Félix de Lima (Man weeding), Alexandre Gomes (Owner of the Mata Branca farm)
00:31:38
Interviewed
00:33:27
Soundtrack: Flores de Primavera (Carlos Zens), A Primavera, from "As 4 estações" (Vivaldi) with Asa Branca (Luiz Gonzaga e Humberto Teixeira). Support: Angicos City Hall
00:33:37
Production: Ufersa
