CRIP CAMP: A DISABILITY REVOLUTION | Full Feature | Netflix
Résumé
TLDRThe video centers on Camp Jened, a transformative summer camp for disabled youth, run by hippies in the 1970s. Campers like Jim LeBrecht and Judy Heumann found a community that valued them beyond their disabilities, leading to lifelong relationships and fostering a sense of self-worth. This environment catalyzed their journey into disability rights advocacy. The camp's inclusive spirit paralleled the era's social movements, instilling campers with the belief that they could provoke change in a society that often marginalized them. Former campers were instrumental in significant civil rights acts, like the section 504 sit-in, which laid groundwork for the Americans with Disabilities Act. Through interviews and archival footage, the documentary paints a vivid picture of the challenges faced by the disabled community and their fight for equality, showing how Camp Jened's legacy extends beyond its grounds.
A retenir
- 🌟 Camp Jened provided a sense of community and belonging for disabled youth.
- 🚀 The camp inspired many to become disability rights activists.
- ✊ The section 504 sit-in was a pivotal event influenced by former campers.
- 💪 Despite societal barriers, the camp fostered empowerment.
- 🎤 Former attendees became influential voices in the disability rights movement.
- 📜 Camp Jened's legacy contributed to historical disability legislation.
- 👐 Personal stories intertwined with broader movements for social justice.
- 🤝 Relationships formed at the camp lasted a lifetime.
- 🔄 The camp environment broke down stereotypes and barriers.
- 📢 The film highlights the transformative power of community and advocacy.
Chronologie
- 00:00:00 - 00:05:00
Jim LeBrecht, a sound designer with spina bifida, shares his experience growing up with a disability, facing societal barriers and finding a sense of belonging at Camp Jened, a revolutionary camp for disabled youth run by hippies, which he declares changed the world.
- 00:05:00 - 00:10:00
Larry Allison describes Camp Jened's evolution, promoting an inclusive environment for disabled teenagers. Initially, staff members like Woodyard were anxious, but soon embraced the liberating atmosphere, akin to Woodstock, as portrayed by Ann Cupolo Freeman.
- 00:10:00 - 00:15:00
Heumann reflects on the importance of inclusivity and representation for disabled individuals. Sharing stories of childhood exclusion, she highlights the empowering contrast of Camp Jened to her daily life, fostering confidence and a sense of community.
- 00:15:00 - 00:20:00
Camp Jened fostered an environment of equality and self-discovery, challenging societal norms. It encouraged independence and normalized disability, exemplified in activities and social interactions that focused on personal abilities and common experiences.
- 00:20:00 - 00:25:00
Reflecting on systemic exclusion and the need for broader access, early camp members identify shared challenges. This recognition of mutual struggles sows seeds for future collaboration beyond camp, highlighting awareness of societal transformation.
- 00:25:00 - 00:30:00
Both playful and serious moments define the Camp Jened experience, breaking down stereotypes and fostering deep connections. The camp encourages honest dialogues on disabilities, promoting camaraderie and understanding among campers amidst personal discovery.
- 00:30:00 - 00:35:00
Disabled individuals at the camp freely confide in each other about personal challenges and parental overprotectiveness. This open exchange highlights the yearning for independence and frustration with societal and familial constraints based on misconceptions.
- 00:35:00 - 00:40:00
As camp attendees share experiences of institutionalization and lack of societal inclusion, inspired by civil rights movements, they recognize the need for organized efforts for disability rights, underscoring the start of a larger societal impact.
- 00:40:00 - 00:45:00
Judy Heumann discusses early advocacy efforts, including a demonstration against Nixon's veto of the Rehabilitation Act. Their activism exemplifies the formation of a more militant, organized disability rights movement that pushes for systemic change.
- 00:45:00 - 00:50:00
Increased advocacy leads to confrontations with officials like Califano over the delay in implementing Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Protests intensify, marked by a sit-in at HEW's San Francisco offices to demand immediate action on disability rights.
- 00:50:00 - 00:55:00
The San Francisco HEW sit-in demonstrates remarkable resilience and solidarity among activists, with support from broader civil rights groups, like the Black Panthers. Through adversity, a strong community forms, demanding governmental accountability.
- 00:55:00 - 01:00:00
Media attention increases as the sit-in extends, epitomized by local journalist Evan White's comprehensive coverage. Activists call for Congressional support, which helps amplify their demands beyond local barriers, stressing national significance.
- 01:00:00 - 01:05:00
Situated at the intersection of disability activism and civil rights, the movement underscores interdependence and collective struggle. Stakeholders rally to assert identities and rights, challenging ingrained societal prejudices and pushing for change.
- 01:05:00 - 01:10:00
As tension mounts, advocates' resolve is affirmed through strategic Congressional hearings. Confrontations reveal systemic ignorance towards disabled communities, prompting direct engagements that redefine rights and governmental obligations.
- 01:10:00 - 01:15:00
The successful enforcement of Section 504 regulations signifies a groundbreaking victory, anchoring broader aspirations for disability rights. Activists' persistence demonstrates the power of unified struggle in shaping equitable federal policies.
- 01:15:00 - 01:20:00
The journey progresses towards the ADA, underscoring the necessity of broader legal protections beyond Section 504. This pivotal movement aims for comprehensive equality across all public and private sectors, reflecting a maturing civil rights agenda.
- 01:20:00 - 01:25:00
Personal triumphs and shifting societal attitudes reflect victories as new accessibility standards take effect, reshaping environments across the nation. Lives are transformed, promoting sustainability and ongoing advocacy for equal opportunities.
- 01:25:00 - 01:30:00
Despite legislative victories, challenges remain in maintaining momentum and expanding protections beyond federally funded entities. Persistent activism underscores the ongoing pursuit to eliminate systemic barriers in employment, transportation, and public life.
- 01:30:00 - 01:35:00
As seen in firsthand reflections, collective efforts redefine personal and community identities, inspiring broader societal change. The camp's legacy manifests in ongoing activism, nurturing future generations' resolve for dignity, equity, and integration.
- 01:35:00 - 01:40:00
Amid ADA advocacy, activists confront enduring issues of accessibility and public perception. The historical context emphasizes unfinished business in realizing a truly inclusive society, demanding continued vigilance and progressive action.
- 01:40:00 - 01:46:42
Revisiting the birthplace of their activism, former Camp Jened attendees acknowledge the camp's profound impact. Their journey underscores the enduring link between personal identity, community empowerment, and transformative social movements.
Carte mentale
Questions fréquemment posées
What was Camp Jened?
Camp Jened was a summer camp for disabled youth, fostering an environment of inclusivity and empowerment, which influenced many to advocate for disability rights.
Who are some significant individuals from Camp Jened?
Jim LeBrecht and Judy Heumann were notable figures who attended Camp Jened; LeBrecht is a sound designer and Heumann became an influential disability rights activist.
What barriers did disabled people face according to the documentary?
The documentary highlights societal barriers faced by disabled individuals, such as exclusion and discrimination in various aspects of life including education and employment.
What kind of environment did Camp Jened provide?
The camp emphasized inclusivity and self-discovery, encouraging disabled youth to engage in typical teenage experiences without stereotypes or labels.
Does the documentary discuss activism by former campers?
Yes, it covers their involvement in significant protests, including the section 504 sit-in, which was pivotal in disability rights legislation.
Is Camp Jened still open today?
While Camp Jened is no longer operational, its legacy lives on through the activism and progress in disability rights influenced by its former attendees.
How did Camp Jened change the campers?
The camp was a turning point, changing perceptions and empowering attendees to challenge societal norms and advocate for disability rights.
How does the film connect personal stories and the disability rights movement?
The film portrays the intersection of personal stories with the broader disability rights movement, illustrating growth from isolation to activism.
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- 00:00:21[man 1] I'm recording now.
- 00:00:23I want to shut it off, I got to press the trigger again.
- 00:00:26It should start rolling again.
- 00:00:28-[man 2] Yeah. -[man 3] All right.
- 00:00:29Would you like to see, um, handicapped people depicted as people?
- 00:00:34-Excuse me? -[chuckles]
- 00:00:40[narrator] Jim LeBrecht is a sound designer
- 00:00:42at the Berkeley Repertory Theatre in California.
- 00:00:45He was born with a disability which has nothing to do with his job.
- 00:00:49But having the job makes it possible for him to lead
- 00:00:52an independent productive life.
- 00:00:57[woman] ...Tom? That's nice.
- 00:00:58Well, it's about his condition.
- 00:01:08[LeBrecht] I was born with spina bifida.
- 00:01:10They didn't think I was gonna live more than a couple of hours.
- 00:01:15Apparently, I had different plans.
- 00:01:32In the middle of first grade,
- 00:01:33I was allowed to enter public school on a trial basis.
- 00:01:38They were gonna see if it worked out.
- 00:01:41I mean, at the time,
- 00:01:43so many kids just like me were being sent to institutions.
- 00:01:49I remember that my dad used to say to me,
- 00:01:51"You know, Jimmy, you're gonna have to be really outgoing.
- 00:01:54You're gonna have to go up and introduce yourself to people,
- 00:01:56'cause they're not gonna come up to you."
- 00:02:00My sister Lindsay was a Brownie,
- 00:02:03but they wouldn't let me into the Cub Scouts.
- 00:02:06The barriers were all over the place.
- 00:02:12I loved music. I loved life.
- 00:02:15I wanted to be part of the world,
- 00:02:17but I didn't see anyone like me in it.
- 00:02:23And then I hear from some people about this summer camp.
- 00:02:26It's a summer camp for, you know, "the handicapped," run by hippies.
- 00:02:31And somebody said,
- 00:02:32"You'll probably smoke dope with the counselors."
- 00:02:34[chuckles] And I'm like, "Sign me up!"
- 00:02:37["For What It's Worth" by Buffalo Springfield playing]
- 00:02:43[LeBrecht] The wild thing is that this camp changed the world,
- 00:02:46and nobody knows this story.
- 00:02:48There's something happening here
- 00:02:52But what it is ain't exactly clear
- 00:02:56There's a man with a gun over there
- 00:03:01Telling me I got to beware
- 00:03:06I think it's time we stop Children, what's that sound?
- 00:03:09Everybody look What's going down?
- 00:03:22There's battle lines being drawn
- 00:03:25Nobody's right if everybody's wrong
- 00:03:31Young people speaking their minds
- 00:03:35Are getting so much resistance From behind
- 00:03:40It's time we stop Hey, what's that sound?
- 00:03:43Everybody look What's going down?
- 00:03:45Stop Hey, what's that sound?
- 00:03:48Everybody look What's going down?
- 00:03:50We better stop Now, what's that sound?
- 00:03:53Everybody look What's going...
- 00:03:55We better stop Children, what's that sound?
- 00:03:57Everybody look...
- 00:04:11[LeBrecht] So, I remember the first time I went to Camp Jened.
- 00:04:14We take this bus trip from Manhattan up to the Catskills.
- 00:04:18It's about a three-hour drive.
- 00:04:21And you get into this really lovely kinda mountainous areas,
- 00:04:24and you could smell, like, the hot land and the pines,
- 00:04:27and you're hearing birds and stuff.
- 00:04:30And then we pull into the parking lot,
- 00:04:33and these people start swarming around the bus.
- 00:04:37The place has got a bunch of hippies, and some of them look pretty freaky.
- 00:04:41And it's like, wow.
- 00:04:42I'm not sure who's a camper and who's a counselor.
- 00:04:45["Freedom (Motherless Child)" by Richie Havens playing]
- 00:04:54[Woodyard] I grew up in Mobile, Alabama.
- 00:04:56I saw a sign that said, "Summer jobs.
- 00:04:59Camps.
- 00:05:00New York."
- 00:05:03I didn't know anyone handicapped.
- 00:05:06I was feeling a little anxious about the kids.
- 00:05:10I had zero experience with disabled people.
- 00:05:13I knew as many disabled people as I knew
- 00:05:16sumo wrestlers.
- 00:05:18So I'm at the front of the bus,
- 00:05:21and I was not prepared for the visual of so many disabled people at one time.
- 00:05:27And I froze. I became paralyzed with fear.
- 00:05:32[chuckles] Then somebody behind me pushed me, because I was in the way,
- 00:05:36and that forward momentum carried me through the summer.
- 00:05:41Freedom, freedom, freedom, freedom
- 00:05:48Freedom, freedom, freedom, freedom
- 00:05:55Sometimes I feel Like a motherless child
- 00:06:03[Ann Cupolo Freeman] I mean, when Woodstock was happening,
- 00:06:05I remember being at my grandmother's, listening on the transistor radio,
- 00:06:08and saying, "Wish I could go. Wish I could go. Wish I could go."
- 00:06:12And then, when I went to Jened, [laughs] it was like,
- 00:06:15there I was! I was in Woodstock.
- 00:06:19The music and the people...
- 00:06:22And just, you're like, "These people are crazy!" You know?
- 00:06:25I mean, in a good way.
- 00:06:29Come to Camp Jened and find yourself, you know?
- 00:06:32Freedom, freedom, freedom, freedom
- 00:06:40Sometimes I feel like I'm almost gone
- 00:07:04A long way from my home, yeah
- 00:07:15Singin' freedom, freedom
- 00:07:19Freedom, freedom
- 00:07:23Freedom, freedom, freedom, freedom
- 00:07:30Freedom, freedom
- 00:07:50[videographer] If you wanna stop and look at anything with the camera, you tell us.
- 00:07:53You can do that.
- 00:07:55[young LeBrecht] All right, there's... the adult part.
- 00:08:01[videographer] What's that yellow building there?
- 00:08:02[young LeBrecht] That's what I just said. The, uh...
- 00:08:05The adult part right there.
- 00:08:06[videographer] That's part of the adult camp.
- 00:08:07[young LeBrecht] Yeah.
- 00:08:11There's one of our gorgeous counselors.
- 00:08:13[counselor laughs]
- 00:08:15-[young LeBrecht] Say hello. -[counselor] Hi, how are you?
- 00:08:17[young LeBrecht laughs] Okay.
- 00:08:21Here is, uh, Girls 1.
- 00:08:24-[counselor] A place for fun and frolic. -[young LeBrecht chuckles]
- 00:08:27[counselor] There's one of the campers, Valerie Vivona.
- 00:08:30[Vivona] Jimmy!
- 00:08:34Is this necessary? I mean, is this important?
- 00:08:36Oh, my... [laughs]
- 00:08:42[young LeBrecht] Is that our director over there?
- 00:08:44[counselor] Yeah, that's Larry Allison.
- 00:08:47[campers laughing]
- 00:08:49[videographer] I understand you're the director here?
- 00:08:52Yeah, I'm the director of the camp, and...
- 00:08:56I, uh...
- 00:08:58I was just out here by the swimming pool, watching the kids swim.
- 00:09:04I decided to dig a few holes, 'cause the kids are kind of clumsy
- 00:09:09and I thought it'd be funny if they tripped.
- 00:09:11[counselor laughs]
- 00:09:12[young LeBrecht speaking]
- 00:09:14That's right.
- 00:09:18[Allison] Jened was an opportunity to try to do some different kinds of things.
- 00:09:25When the camp started back in the '50s,
- 00:09:27it was the, uh, traditional kind of camp program.
- 00:09:31As it evolved during the '60s and into the '70s,
- 00:09:34what we tried to do was provide the kind of environment
- 00:09:39where teenagers could be teenagers
- 00:09:41without all the stereotypes and the labels.
- 00:09:43And that was a byproduct of the times. You know, of social experimentation.
- 00:09:52We realized the problem did not exist with people with disabilities.
- 00:09:56The problem existed with people that didn't have disabilities.
- 00:10:00It was our problem.
- 00:10:02So it was important for us to change.
- 00:10:05Just to say, I like Camp Jened.
- 00:10:09And I love Larry Olson. [kisses]
- 00:10:12Olson?
- 00:10:13[Sophie] Allison.
- 00:10:16Good for you, Sophie. [laughing]
- 00:10:20[videographer] Let's go around the circle.
- 00:10:23What's your name?
- 00:10:25My name is Ellie Abrashkin.
- 00:10:29-[videographer] Where are you from? -I'm from Brooklyn, New York.
- 00:10:33Uh...
- 00:10:34Brooklyn.
- 00:10:38Hello, my name is Jean Malafronte.
- 00:10:43I, uh, got run over by a bus.
- 00:10:48[camper 1 speaking]
- 00:10:50-[camper 2 laughs] -I don't know exactly my handicap.
- 00:10:55And that's all.
- 00:10:58[Carl] My name is Carl.
- 00:10:59And if this is ever broadcast on television,
- 00:11:02my telephone number is area code 212... 0367,
- 00:11:07and I would love anyone who likes to talk to give me a telephone call.
- 00:11:12And I am blind and hard of hearing.
- 00:11:14I had too much oxygen in the incubator,
- 00:11:17and my hearing,
- 00:11:19because I had a fractured skull from falling out of a cab.
- 00:11:23And I will be glad if anyone will call me who hears this.
- 00:11:30[young LeBrecht] This is where I stay.
- 00:11:34-[young LeBrecht] Steve's a counselor. -[man] Wanna take a picture of this cat?
- 00:11:37[young LeBrecht] Smile, Steve.
- 00:11:40[young LeBrecht] Oops.
- 00:11:42Let's not bump into the campers.
- 00:11:44[campers argue in background]
- 00:11:49[videographer] Let's move around that way.
- 00:11:51[young LeBrecht speaking]
- 00:12:03[videographer] You don't have the light to roll up inside and see what it looks like?
- 00:12:06[young LeBrecht] Um, I don't know.
- 00:12:08[Hofmann speaking]
- 00:12:16[Tommy] Yeah! Yeah!
- 00:12:18[young LeBrecht] Hey, Tommy.
- 00:12:19Yeah!
- 00:12:21[young LeBrecht] This is Tommy Curran.
- 00:12:23[videographer] Hi, Tommy.
- 00:12:27Nobody uses those upper beds, right?
- 00:12:29-[young LeBrecht] What? -[videographer] The upper beds?
- 00:12:31-[young LeBrecht] The counselors do. -[videographer] The counselors do.
- 00:12:35-[young LeBrecht] Hey, JJ. -[JJ] What's happening?
- 00:12:36[young LeBrecht speaking]
- 00:12:38[JJ chuckles]
- 00:12:43[LeBrecht] That first night in the bunk, I was a little bit nervous.
- 00:12:47I had just had surgery.
- 00:12:50Up to that point, I was wearing diapers, 'cause I had no control over my bladder.
- 00:12:56I guess you could imagine what it was like being 15
- 00:12:59and trying to hide the fact that you had to wear diapers.
- 00:13:05And there was that constant pressure of being found out.
- 00:13:10I had gotten this urinary tract diversion, so now I had this bag.
- 00:13:15It wasn't going too well.
- 00:13:17I was having a hard time keeping it on, and it was leaking and such.
- 00:13:22But at camp, everybody had something going on with their body.
- 00:13:26It just wasn't a big deal.
- 00:13:32Okay, uh, my first guest, what's your name?
- 00:13:34My name is Michael Tannenbaum.
- 00:13:36How old are you?
- 00:13:37-I was just 18. -[chuckles]
- 00:13:40Uh, what do you think is the most significant part about Camp Jened?
- 00:13:44Uh...
- 00:13:46The staff.
- 00:13:47How great they are. How good they relate to the campers.
- 00:13:50-Are you lying? -No, I'm not lying.
- 00:13:53It's just that I've been in other camps,
- 00:13:55and at no other camp have campers treated...
- 00:13:57Have counselors treated campers the way they do here.
- 00:13:59They're not like babysitters.
- 00:14:01[all laugh]
- 00:14:02-That was a good answer. -Thank you, John.
- 00:14:08[young Judy Heumann] It's not 100% sure,
- 00:14:09but since the new trip is gonna be coming up Thursday,
- 00:14:13what we're gonna try to do is get the cook to take off Wednesday,
- 00:14:16which means that we'll cook on Wednesday.
- 00:14:19Do you have any, um, suggestions?
- 00:14:22I was trying to see if we could make veal parmesan,
- 00:14:25but veal is too expensive.
- 00:14:27[man 1] How about just, like, chow mein?
- 00:14:29-'Cause bacon is just more expensive. -[woman] Chicken parmesan.
- 00:14:32What do you think of lasagna?
- 00:14:34-[campers agreeing and disagreeing] -[woman] Super-duper!
- 00:14:39[young Heumann] Quiet!
- 00:14:41How many people... Raise your hands.
- 00:14:43How many people want lasagna?
- 00:14:46[indistinct chatter]
- 00:14:48[man 2] When do we get not to eat starch?
- 00:14:51The only deal is we don't have to eat those starchy things,
- 00:14:54so why eat lasagna?
- 00:14:55[young Heumann] How many people don't want lasagna?
- 00:15:00-[man 3] Lasagna wins! -[man 4] No lasagna wins.
- 00:15:03[young Heumann] All right.
- 00:15:05When you go back into... Mark.
- 00:15:08When you go back into your groups, will you also decide...
- 00:15:13Get some suggestions as to what you want, and when we come back in a group together,
- 00:15:18um, we'll decide what we're going to have to eat.
- 00:15:22Okay? If the cook is off on Wednesday.
- 00:15:27[Heumann] I felt like it was important to be inclusive,
- 00:15:32because I didn't really have a lot of role models,
- 00:15:35as I was growing up, who had disabilities.
- 00:15:37It made people feel like they were more a part of what was happening.
- 00:15:41-[young Heumann] Very good idea. -[camper] Yeah!
- 00:15:43[Heumann] It was more free and open
- 00:15:46than certainly what I was experiencing in my day-to-day life at home.
- 00:15:49I love my baby My baby loves me
- 00:15:55[Heumann] I grew up in Brooklyn, New York, in a neighborhood called East Flatbush.
- 00:16:02Growing up in the neighborhood, I didn't feel different.
- 00:16:05I had polio.
- 00:16:07I wasn't able to walk anymore and things like that,
- 00:16:09but there were a lot of kids.
- 00:16:11We played outside. Stick ball and jump rope.
- 00:16:14It was a great neighborhood.
- 00:16:18So, one day, I was going to the candy store with a group of friends.
- 00:16:21My friend was pushing my wheelchair,
- 00:16:24and we went around the block,
- 00:16:27and these kids came over, this one boy said, "Are you sick?"
- 00:16:33And I was really, like, taken aback,
- 00:16:36and I recall that I meekishly said, "No, I'm not sick."
- 00:16:41But I remember...
- 00:16:43I wanted to cry.
- 00:16:46I get that feeling a lot even as an adult.
- 00:16:48I'm kind of in between being shocked by the question,
- 00:16:53maybe being angry by it,
- 00:16:55but having to center myself.
- 00:16:58It was an awakening
- 00:17:01that people saw me not as Judy,
- 00:17:06but as somebody who was sick.
- 00:17:12When I was five years old,
- 00:17:14my mother took me to the local school to enroll me,
- 00:17:18but the principal said I couldn't go to that school 'cause I couldn't walk.
- 00:17:21I could be a fire hazard.
- 00:17:23So basically, my mother was teaching me.
- 00:17:29Of course, all my friends in the neighborhood were going to school,
- 00:17:33but I was at home.
- 00:17:35Then, one day, when I was about eight, nine years old,
- 00:17:38my mom got a call that there was an opening
- 00:17:40in PS 219, in the special ed classes.
- 00:17:44[bell ringing]
- 00:17:47[Heumann] The classes for disabled kids were in the basement.
- 00:17:50The other classes were upstairs.
- 00:17:52We would call the non-disabled kids "upstairs kids."
- 00:17:58They would come down, a few of them, Fridays, help us go to assembly.
- 00:18:03They were allowed to come,
- 00:18:05and you know, meet us in our classroom and push our wheelchairs.
- 00:18:11There were people that I met in those classes
- 00:18:15who then went to Camp Jened together.
- 00:18:19Neil Jacobson, Stevie Hofmann and Nancy Rosenblum.
- 00:18:24We would sit together at lunch,
- 00:18:27and I would help people put their sandwich in their sandwich holder.
- 00:18:32And I think we respected each other,
- 00:18:34and we all felt that what we were saying was important.
- 00:18:39I mean, in some way, even when we were that young,
- 00:18:44we knew that we were all being sidelined.
- 00:18:46-[indistinct chatter] -[Rosenblum laughs]
- 00:18:49[Heumann] We didn't wanna sideline anybody.
- 00:18:52We wanted to hear what everybody had to say.
- 00:18:54We were willing to listen.
- 00:18:58[Rosenblum speaking]
- 00:19:00-[man 1] Sounds more like... -[woman] Yeah, wow. [chuckles]
- 00:19:03[Rosenblum] You... You... You're always... You're always talking.
- 00:19:09You're... You're always talking.
- 00:19:13[man 2 and 3] You're always talking.
- 00:19:15[all laugh]
- 00:19:17[man 3] That's 'cause he's a good public speaker.
- 00:19:19[woman 1] Jean and I thought I was being, you know...
- 00:19:21[woman 2] I thought so, too.
- 00:19:24[man 4] Jack?
- 00:19:25I think you're really great in the bunk.
- 00:19:28When the worst things happen, you're sitting in the corner cracking up,
- 00:19:30and nobody can get depressed when you're sitting there.
- 00:19:33[all laugh]
- 00:19:37[woman 3] She knows what she's doing when she's all, like, coy.
- 00:19:41You know, I really dig you, Nance,
- 00:19:43and there are a lot of things, you know, I'd like to get to know you better,
- 00:19:46but, so far as I know you, I really like you.
- 00:19:50[young LeBrecht speaking]
- 00:19:52[counselor] Remember, you're speaking to her, not about her.
- 00:19:56[young LeBrecht] I don't know too much about you, but you're okay.
- 00:20:05[indistinct chatter]
- 00:20:14[young Heumann] Um, there's some people here
- 00:20:18who have been filming.
- 00:20:21I told them that I would like them to please address us as a group
- 00:20:25so they could tell us their ideas
- 00:20:27and we could ask any questions that we wanted to.
- 00:20:30[Gutstadt] We are People's Video Theater.
- 00:20:32That's Ken Marsh, I'm Howie Gutstadt, and that's Ben Levine over there.
- 00:20:36And we have been working with this equipment,
- 00:20:39which is half-inch video tape, which is simply closed-system television.
- 00:20:43Whatever, actually, you really wanna say about yourselves, let us know.
- 00:20:48Let's have a lot of interaction.
- 00:20:53-[girl 1] Tommy! -[boy] Hey, Tommy!
- 00:20:55[girl 2] Tommy!
- 00:20:56-[girl 1] Tommy, look! -[boy] Tommy!
- 00:20:59-Tommy! -[girl 1] Who's on the television, Tommy?
- 00:21:02[laughs]
- 00:21:05[camper] What a ugly face. Oh, my gosh.
- 00:21:23Yeah, yeah, yeah.
- 00:21:29[LeBrecht] There was a period of adjustment I had to go through
- 00:21:31for the first couple of weeks at camp.
- 00:21:37Because I was in public school,
- 00:21:38I wasn't around other people with disabilities.
- 00:21:41I wasn't a shut-in. I could come and go more or less as I pleased.
- 00:21:46And not everybody at the camp had those advantages.
- 00:21:51[counselor] Rory.
- 00:21:53[LeBrecht] Some of them were going to special schools.
- 00:21:54Some of them were isolated a lot of the time.
- 00:21:57You had people from institutions.
- 00:22:00[campers singing] Lately it occurs to me
- 00:22:05What a long, strange trip it's been
- 00:22:12[LeBrecht] Being 15, I was drawn to the people that were
- 00:22:15smoking cigarettes and listening to music.
- 00:22:20Sometimes the light's All shining on me
- 00:22:25[LeBrecht] Outside of camp, I really didn't feel like a cool kid.
- 00:22:28But at Jened, I was.
- 00:22:32There were a lot of cute girls at camp, and, you know, I was friendly. [laughs]
- 00:22:48[camper] Yeah!
- 00:22:49[Denise speaking]
- 00:23:46[Neil speaking]
- 00:24:06[LeBrecht laughing] Oh, my God!
- 00:24:08-[all laughing] -[LeBrecht] Oh, my God! Oh, my God!
- 00:24:13["Crimson and Clover" by Tommy James and the Shondells playing]
- 00:24:15[young LeBrecht] There's one of my counselors with a waitress.
- 00:24:18Aha!
- 00:24:19This is a little sitting corner over there.
- 00:24:24It's kind of dark over here at night.
- 00:24:27[videographer] So what's that mean? What goes on there?
- 00:24:29[young LeBrecht laughing]
- 00:24:31[counselor speaking]
- 00:24:32[videographer] You've been going around giving me this superficial tour.
- 00:24:34Let's have some real stuff.
- 00:24:36[counselor speaking]
- 00:24:39-[videographer] Who's Nanci? -[young LeBrecht] She's my girl.
- 00:24:42["Crimson and Clover" continues playing]
- 00:24:50[LeBrecht] Camp Jened was where I met my first girlfriend, Nanci.
- 00:24:55[LeBrecht] She was funny. She was cute.
- 00:24:57She was always in the middle of things and having a really, really great time.
- 00:25:01I mean, I really loved her.
- 00:25:04As much as you can at the age of 15, you know?
- 00:25:07I literally remember us, like, making out in the dining hall.
- 00:25:11It seemed like we were making out all the time.
- 00:25:17[Heumann] There was a romance in the air if you wanted to experience it.
- 00:25:23I never dated outside of camp.
- 00:25:26But at Jened, you could have make-out sessions
- 00:25:29behind the bunks and different places like that.
- 00:25:32[Neil speaking]
- 00:25:53[LeBrecht laughs]
- 00:25:55[Neil speaking]
- 00:26:10[LeBrecht laughs]
- 00:26:11-[LeBrecht laughs] -[Neil speaking]
- 00:26:26[campers laughing]
- 00:26:30[D'Angelo] You want me to tell them what happened?
- 00:26:31-[interviewer] Yes. -Oh, well...
- 00:26:35Well, two people got crabs, and, um, they're spreading.
- 00:26:39They form in human body in there, and I don't know... [chuckles]
- 00:26:42And they, um... multiply!
- 00:26:46In the beginning, when this thing started happening last night,
- 00:26:49we found out what was going on.
- 00:26:50We were kind of all very hyper about it.
- 00:26:52And who the fuck knew what, you know, crabs were, or lice or anything?
- 00:26:56I wanna go over there. [chuckles]
- 00:26:59[interviewer] What's over there?
- 00:27:00[chuckling] My girl.
- 00:27:02[interviewer] Have you seen her today?
- 00:27:03Just from over here.
- 00:27:05[interviewer] Have you talked to her?
- 00:27:06Not really. Just from across here.
- 00:27:08[man] We're all quarantined.
- 00:27:10Yeah.
- 00:27:12It's our first-week anniversary today. [chuckles]
- 00:27:15It's your first-week anniversary, and you can't even talk to her.
- 00:27:17That's right.
- 00:27:19-Why I'm mad? -[woman] Your boyfriend.
- 00:27:20Oh, yeah.
- 00:27:21I'm mad because I can't see Jimmy, and today is our first-week anniversary.
- 00:27:25[all laugh]
- 00:27:28[camper singing] I got those poor old crab blues, yeah
- 00:27:32[counselor] Haven't had so much fun since Grandma caught her tit in the wringer!
- 00:27:36We're thinking of collecting all the crabs and having a bake.
- 00:27:38[all laughing]
- 00:27:39[counselor] We may have to burn the bastards out.
- 00:27:41[camper singing] Oh, yeah I got the...
- 00:27:44Just the most asinine, stupid thing I have ever heard.
- 00:27:47When thinking about it rationally, I realized that I don't itch,
- 00:27:51so there's no need for me to disinfect.
- 00:27:53My wheelchair doesn't itch, and neither does my bed,
- 00:27:56my mattress or my roommate, Bruce.
- 00:27:58Yet we're all in the process of dehumanization.
- 00:28:01Got a match?
- 00:28:03We got crab power!
- 00:28:06Whoopi-doo!
- 00:28:09It's the best activity yet.
- 00:28:13-I do so declare, y'all. -[woman] Tell them, Jean.
- 00:28:16It's spreadable!
- 00:28:21You know, how would you like to have somebody wash your balls?
- 00:28:26-[man 1] That's the part... -[man 2] It depends who.
- 00:28:28Right, I can do it myself for me. So, you know, I don't really care.
- 00:28:33But there are other people who can't.
- 00:28:34You know, and they have to have it done for them.
- 00:28:36You know, people around here feel small enough most of the time,
- 00:28:39and when somebody has to scrub their balls,
- 00:28:41they'll probably feel even smaller.
- 00:28:45I think, actually, what happened was that people were having fun.
- 00:28:48We were working together as a whole unit, washing and cleaning and showering,
- 00:28:54and doing things that we've never done before.
- 00:28:55And it's really a very different kind of a thing.
- 00:28:58And I have to go shower some people.
- 00:29:00[chuckles] I'll see you later.
- 00:29:02[Heumann] At Camp Jened,
- 00:29:04personal assistance was built into all of our lives, who needed help.
- 00:29:11There were people there that would help me get dressed and undressed,
- 00:29:14and go to the bathroom and shower, and get in and out of the pool.
- 00:29:22In some way, it was also the beginning of my experiencing
- 00:29:26what it would be like to have someone other than my mother or my father
- 00:29:30have to do all those things.
- 00:29:35[campers chattering and shouting indistinctly]
- 00:29:38[Woodyard] At the camp,
- 00:29:39you could do anything that you thought you wanted to try to do.
- 00:29:43You wouldn't be picked to be on a team back home.
- 00:29:47But at Jened, you had to go up to bat.
- 00:29:54And if you didn't hit the ball, hell, you were out.
- 00:29:59["Like a Ship" by Pastor T.L. Barrett and the Youth for Christ Choir playing]
- 00:30:09When we were at Jened, the Disability Act had not been passed.
- 00:30:15So, when we would take the campers on a trip into town for ice cream,
- 00:30:20we couldn't get you in the door.
- 00:30:23And then deal with the staring,
- 00:30:25or deal with, "We don't want them here
- 00:30:28because they make our other customers feel uncomfortable."
- 00:30:32Whatever obstacles that were in my way being a black man,
- 00:30:38the same thing was held true for individuals in wheelchairs.
- 00:30:45Back home, I had to be careful who I said things to,
- 00:30:50because that was a way of surviving.
- 00:30:52They were survival skills that you had.
- 00:30:55I had to be very, very, very careful not to be disrespectful.
- 00:31:00Not to look a white man in his eye.
- 00:31:03You had to do those things. You had to be mindful of that.
- 00:31:13[camper singing] I got the one-time blues
- 00:31:16You get them only once
- 00:31:20I got the one-time blues
- 00:31:22You get them only once
- 00:31:27When you're alone with me
- 00:31:29You know you can't get enough
- 00:31:34My eyes get red
- 00:31:36I don't know what to do
- 00:31:41My eyes get red
- 00:31:43I don't know what to do
- 00:31:48I've got so much pain
- 00:31:50I don't know if I'm really blue
- 00:32:07'Cause I got The one-time, one-time blues
- 00:32:15Hooray.
- 00:32:16Are you ready?
- 00:32:17-[videographer] You're on now. -All right.
- 00:32:18We're here now. We're gonna talk about parents.
- 00:32:21You know, and what kind of...
- 00:32:25How they bug us, or how you lie to them, whatever it is.
- 00:32:28Maybe we should start off with, uh...
- 00:32:31overprotectiveness, which I really hate.
- 00:32:34Does anybody wanna start it up?
- 00:32:37My parents are great, but sometimes I hate them,
- 00:32:40'cause they're too great, and they're too protective of me.
- 00:32:44And things that I want to do, and I would love to do,
- 00:32:47they say, "No, you can't do it. You're handicapped."
- 00:32:49And they keep reminding me of the fact that I'm in a chair.
- 00:32:52They don't seem to realize that there's so much I could do.
- 00:33:07And, um...
- 00:33:15[young LeBrecht] I depend on my mother for some things
- 00:33:17and so I can't really fight her as hard as I wish I could.
- 00:33:20[interviewer] What kind of things do you depend on her for?
- 00:33:23Well...
- 00:33:25Some of the things everybody else depends on their parents for,
- 00:33:27like laundry and stuff, but, like...
- 00:33:33Like, she's the person that orders special supplies
- 00:33:35when I'll need it and stuff, and...
- 00:33:38If I'm in a position where I'm not able to do something, you know,
- 00:33:41she's gonna have to do it.
- 00:33:44If you keep on bugging your mother, saying, you know...
- 00:33:47Fighting her constantly,
- 00:33:50then there's gonna be a time when she's gonna be very reluctant.
- 00:33:52Does everybody think... Everybody here think that their parents are,
- 00:33:57you know, stricter with us?
- 00:33:58Or, you know, do they hit us the same as your sister or brother,
- 00:34:02or they think you have to be careful?
- 00:34:05I have two brothers and, um, they got a lot more freedom than I did.
- 00:34:09[man] There goes your argument. Those are brothers.
- 00:34:11That's a universal argument.
- 00:34:12-Brothers... -[woman] We're basically the same age.
- 00:34:14It's her responsibility to do that.
- 00:34:15And as long as she keeps on accepting things being done for her,
- 00:34:19it will always be done.
- 00:34:26[Rosenblum speaking]
- 00:35:17-[interviewer] Is that it? -Yeah.
- 00:35:20[interviewer] Did someone understand it?
- 00:35:24Did anybody get part of it?
- 00:36:26["Tomorrow is a Long Time" by Bob Dylan playing]
- 00:36:30How many other people have those kinds of problems?
- 00:36:33[LeBrecht] What we saw at that camp was that our lives could be better.
- 00:36:37If today was not a crooked highway
- 00:36:41[LeBrecht] The fact of the matter is,
- 00:36:42you don't have anything to strive for if you don't know that it exists.
- 00:36:48[Heumann] We kept having these discussions.
- 00:36:51It was allowing us to recognize
- 00:36:54we needed to look at ways of doing things together.
- 00:36:58Not just at camp but after camp.
- 00:37:01I can't see my reflection In the water
- 00:37:07I can't speak the sounds To show no pain
- 00:37:11[LeBrecht] When it was time to leave camp,
- 00:37:13some of us vowed to stay in touch and write or call.
- 00:37:17Or remember the sound of my own name
- 00:37:20[LeBrecht] There was always a chance that
- 00:37:21some campers weren't gonna come back next year.
- 00:37:23Yes, and only If my own true love was waitin'
- 00:37:27[all cheering]
- 00:37:29[counselor] The night before the end of camp,
- 00:37:31everybody'd be hanging out almost all night.
- 00:37:33Nobody wanted to go to bed.
- 00:37:36If today was not a crooked highway
- 00:37:39[Woodyard] It was a very happy night,
- 00:37:42but you knew the next morning, there would be tears.
- 00:37:44If tonight was not a crooked trail
- 00:37:48If tomorrow wasn't such a long time
- 00:37:52[Woodyard] We were going back, almost in time.
- 00:37:55Then lonesome would mean Nothing to you at all
- 00:37:58[O'Conor] We were brothers and sisters there.
- 00:38:13[Woodyard] I took ideas back home
- 00:38:16that my community was unfamiliar with.
- 00:38:20I wore tie-dye shirts. My afro had grown really, really...
- 00:38:26It was out like this.
- 00:38:28I burned incense.
- 00:38:32Between the revolution that was going on, the peace movement,
- 00:38:35the desire to stop the war, I became very involved in that.
- 00:38:41Jened had exposed me to the world outside of Alabama.
- 00:38:50[LeBrecht] At camp, I was in a whole other world.
- 00:38:53My first girlfriend, and I'm popular, and I'm...
- 00:38:58And I'm going back to this world in which it's hard to get around.
- 00:39:03Sometimes I would just, like, go home after high school
- 00:39:06and go to bed for a few hours and just get away from the world.
- 00:39:11I have friends, but I'm the only person with a disability.
- 00:39:16I had to try to adapt.
- 00:39:19I had to fit into this world that wasn't built for me.
- 00:39:23It never dawned on me that the world was ever going to change.
- 00:39:30Most disabled people, like myself, are unable to use public transportation
- 00:39:36because it discriminates against the disabled
- 00:39:39due to the fact that it's architecturally inaccessible.
- 00:39:44[man 1 speaking]
- 00:39:45[interviewer] So, you have to stay on the street here--
- 00:39:46[man] I have to stay on the street and go around the block.
- 00:39:54[TV show host] Most animal species abandon or destroy
- 00:39:58members of the group which are maimed or deformed.
- 00:40:01Some human societies have been equally harsh.
- 00:40:04Down through the centuries, our literature, and recently, our movies,
- 00:40:07are full of monstrous, misunderstood creatures.
- 00:40:11Through this conditioning, we come to think of the handicapped
- 00:40:14as objects of fear or pity or loathing.
- 00:40:17Tonight we look at them as human beings with problems.
- 00:40:27Judy Heumann is the president of Disabled in Action,
- 00:40:30a political organization of the handicapped.
- 00:40:33I think one of the real problems is that, when you grow up being disabled,
- 00:40:36um, it's the fact that you're not considered either a man or a woman
- 00:40:40and even the beginning of any kind of a relationship,
- 00:40:44you know, beginning at all because you're just thought of as a disabled person.
- 00:40:49-You know, person being-- -[woman] Asexual.
- 00:40:50-Yeah, second and asexual... -[woman] Asexual. Right.
- 00:40:52...and "Can you do this?" and "Can you do that?"
- 00:40:54[Pat Figueroa] Let me give you an indication of that.
- 00:40:55We have an elevator operator in school
- 00:40:57that whenever he stops on a floor and there are a couple wheelchairs,
- 00:41:01people in wheelchairs waiting, he starts yelling,
- 00:41:04"All right, get these wheelchairs in here."
- 00:41:06And he doesn't take into consideration the people in...
- 00:41:08You know, the... the...
- 00:41:10[woman] The people in the wheelchairs.
- 00:41:11Yeah, the person there. It's just wheelchairs to him.
- 00:41:13[Heumann] I don't think I felt, really, shame about my disability.
- 00:41:17What I felt more was exclusion.
- 00:41:21For me, the camp experience really was empowering,
- 00:41:24because we helped empower each other
- 00:41:27that the status quo is not what it needed to be.
- 00:41:32Disabled in Action was started as a result of a lawsuit
- 00:41:36that I had brought against the Board of Education in New York City.
- 00:41:41There was publicity going on and we set up all these different committees.
- 00:41:46One of the first things that Disabled in Action worked on
- 00:41:50was on deinstitutionalization.
- 00:41:56[narrator] There are some aspects of life which society has hidden from public view.
- 00:41:59The following program will remind you that they exist
- 00:42:02and that we all bear a responsibility to humanity.
- 00:42:07[LeBrecht] I remember watching TV one evening before dinner
- 00:42:10and on comes this exposé about this state hospital in New York
- 00:42:16called Willowbrook.
- 00:42:17[Rivera] The early morning mist gave the place an eerie feeling
- 00:42:20like a set from a horror movie.
- 00:42:22And once inside, that feeling became suddenly appropriate.
- 00:42:25The doctor had warned me that it would be bad.
- 00:42:28It was horrible.
- 00:42:30There was one attendant for perhaps 50 severely and profoundly retarded children.
- 00:42:35Lying on the floor naked and smeared with their own feces,
- 00:42:38they were making a pitiful sound.
- 00:42:40The kind of mournful wail that it's impossible for me to forget.
- 00:42:45[LeBrecht] It was really shocking. It was just, like, how could this be?
- 00:42:50[staff member] The kids can't feed themselves.
- 00:42:51There are so few attendants that there's only an average of, in time,
- 00:42:55three minutes per child for feeding.
- 00:42:57[Rivera] How much time would be needed to do a job adequately?
- 00:43:01[staff member] The same amount of time that your children and my children
- 00:43:03would wanna have to eat breakfast.
- 00:43:06[LeBrecht] I suddenly remembered one summer,
- 00:43:08there had been a camper at Camp Jened from Willowbrook.
- 00:43:13I remember being in the dining hall and this guy comes in.
- 00:43:18He was basically just eating as much as he could.
- 00:43:22He was just...
- 00:43:23Kept on shoveling it in until the point where he threw up.
- 00:43:28It was kind of like somebody coming in from the wild.
- 00:43:34[Rivera] What's the consequence of three minutes per meal per child?
- 00:43:38[staff member] The consequence is death from pneumonia.
- 00:43:41[Heumann] I had never seen the inside of an institution like this.
- 00:43:48The chaos that existed was frightening to me
- 00:43:52because I recognized that myself and other friends
- 00:43:56could have easily been in this institution.
- 00:44:03At the time, people still were not thinking of
- 00:44:06what was wrong with the Willowbrooks of the country.
- 00:44:11The civil rights movement was going on around us
- 00:44:14and that was an opportunity to talk about why were we excluded,
- 00:44:18and what did we need to do?
- 00:44:22There weren't anti-discrimination laws at the federal level.
- 00:44:25But members in the Senate and House
- 00:44:28were looking for avenues to make that happen.
- 00:44:31The Rehabilitation Act in 1972 was a perfect vehicle.
- 00:44:38Buried at the end of the bill was Section 504,
- 00:44:43an anti-discrimination provision.
- 00:44:46The language was drawn from civil rights legislation in the 1960s.
- 00:44:53It was gonna mean that anybody who got federal money,
- 00:44:56hospitals, education, transportation, on and on,
- 00:45:01was gonna have to not discriminate.
- 00:45:03It was like a "yahoo" wonderful moment.
- 00:45:08And Nixon vetoed it.
- 00:45:11The President has vetoed a bill setting up a vocational rehabilitation program
- 00:45:15because he said it would cost too much.
- 00:45:18[William Ronan] It would be just impossible in terms of its financial cost
- 00:45:22to put in elevators or ramps in all these stations.
- 00:45:24Just costs would be horrendous in terms of their total.
- 00:45:28The problem here is, as with all of this question,
- 00:45:31how many people would really be served by it?
- 00:45:40[Heumann] Disabled in Action decided to have a demonstration in New York City
- 00:45:43in front of Nixon headquarters.
- 00:45:48[young Heumann] We decided that we were gonna sit down in the street
- 00:45:50and we were gonna stop traffic.
- 00:45:52So at 4:30 in the afternoon, we formed this huge circle.
- 00:45:56We cut off four streets.
- 00:45:58[horns honking]
- 00:45:59[Freeman] You get the call to action.
- 00:46:01"To the barricades!" You know, Judy would call it.
- 00:46:05I remember being on the ground with these big trucks coming at you,
- 00:46:09going, "Whoa."
- 00:46:13[Bronston] It was a very unusual demonstration.
- 00:46:15People were not used to seeing a whole lot of folks in wheelchairs.
- 00:46:19And you had to back up.
- 00:46:20I mean, you had to back up
- 00:46:22if you were on the wrong side in front of that young woman.
- 00:46:27[announcer on TV] The newswatch never stops. This is WINS...
- 00:46:32[young Heumann] They were announcing,
- 00:46:33"Paraplegics stop traffic in Manhattan."
- 00:46:40[Heumann] There were only 50 of us.
- 00:46:42But basically, with the one street, we were able to shut the city down.
- 00:46:54[Bronston] Those DIA demonstrations were the first time
- 00:46:57a real, serious, radical agenda was mobilized.
- 00:47:10[LeBrecht] When I heard about DIA, I really wanted to join,
- 00:47:13but I often couldn't go 'cause I was stuck in high school.
- 00:47:16Judy would put out the call that we're gonna show up to this event
- 00:47:19or we're going to demonstrate about this or that,
- 00:47:21and when this call came out
- 00:47:24to go to this Martin Luther King birthday gathering, I had to go.
- 00:47:30So I took the train down from Hartsdale to Grand Central Station.
- 00:47:35And going to Grand Central Station, it's so freaking huge.
- 00:47:39That day, I couldn't find a ramp or an elevator.
- 00:47:46I had to climb out of my chair, pull the wheelchair up behind me,
- 00:47:50so step by step, pull it up, push my...
- 00:47:54Put myself up, pull it up, push myself up.
- 00:47:59But I made it.
- 00:48:01And I was there with Pat Figueroa, one of the counselors from Camp Jened.
- 00:48:08[all chanting]
- 00:48:09[Heumann] In the spring of 1973,
- 00:48:12we decided we were gonna have another demonstration.
- 00:48:15The bottom line was, we were a small group of disabled people.
- 00:48:20We were getting very little coverage from the media at the national level
- 00:48:24because we didn't have any disabled veterans.
- 00:48:27And that was, you know, the time of the Vietnam War.
- 00:48:30["Volunteers" by Jefferson Airplane playing]
- 00:48:44They lied about the war in Vietnam.
- 00:48:45They've lied about every damn thing in the world.
- 00:48:47They lied about Watergate, and about how they're treating us.
- 00:48:50They're lying about how they're treating the physically disabled
- 00:48:52and mentally retarded in this country.
- 00:48:53We wanted to be able to mobilize disabled individuals in D.C.
- 00:48:58to express the feelings of the disabled community around the United States,
- 00:49:02and that in unity we do have strength,
- 00:49:04and that we must expand the pie that we're fighting from
- 00:49:07so that we don't have to fight each other,
- 00:49:08but that we can all get our adequate services.
- 00:49:10That's really what this is getting into.
- 00:49:16[reporter] There's a minority in America
- 00:49:18that has only recently begun to speak up and be heard.
- 00:49:22They face problems of discrimination and prejudice in employment,
- 00:49:26education, transportation and in just about every other aspect
- 00:49:29of what society considers everyday life.
- 00:49:33Until the last few years, they suffered mostly in silence, but that's changing.
- 00:49:37They have begun to organize and to get politically active.
- 00:49:42-[man] What do we want? -[all] Civil rights!
- 00:49:43-[man] When do we want it? -[all] Now!
- 00:49:45-[man] What do we want? -[all] Civil rights!
- 00:49:47-[man] When do we want it? -[all] Now!
- 00:49:51[LeBrecht] Eventually, Nixon caved in to all the political pressure
- 00:49:54and he signs the rehab bill.
- 00:49:56But they do nothing to enforce Section 504.
- 00:50:05[Denise speaking]
- 00:51:00[laughing]
- 00:53:43[LeBrecht] In 1974, I finally graduated high school
- 00:53:47and wound up going to UC San Diego 3,000 miles away.
- 00:53:51Truckin', got my chips cashed in Keep truckin'
- 00:53:56[LeBrecht] My plan was that I was gonna study acoustics
- 00:53:58so I could do sound for the Grateful Dead.
- 00:54:03When I got to California, my whole life opened up.
- 00:54:06I wanted to take advantage of everything.
- 00:54:14I tried to learn how to surf.
- 00:54:19One night, I even convinced my friend Doug I could drive his motorcycle.
- 00:54:22[motorcycle crashes]
- 00:54:25As absurd as it sounds, I really felt like I had overcome my disability.
- 00:54:33During my first year in college,
- 00:54:34I heard that a bunch of people from Camp Jened had moved out to Berkeley.
- 00:54:38Sometimes your cards ain't worth a dime If you don't lay 'em down
- 00:54:46[LeBrecht] I'd drive up and go to Dead concerts
- 00:54:47and it seemed like I'd always bump into Al Levy.
- 00:54:50Al was like the Dead Head.
- 00:54:53Sometimes the light's All shinin' on me
- 00:54:58[LeBrecht] The Bay Area was a wild scene.
- 00:55:00You didn't have to worry about fitting in like you did in San Diego.
- 00:55:04There was this whole movement brewing where a group of radical disabled people
- 00:55:09were, like, making this new world for themselves.
- 00:55:12What a long, strange trip it's been
- 00:55:18[narrator] The Center for Independent Living is unique
- 00:55:20because it is run by the handicapped for the handicapped,
- 00:55:24a model for the rest of the nation.
- 00:55:26A center where the severely disabled help themselves.
- 00:55:29It's the first time I think that a group of severely disabled individuals
- 00:55:35have really gotten together to solve some mutual problems.
- 00:55:41[Heumann] Ed Roberts contacted me to see
- 00:55:43if I'd be interested in coming out to Berkeley.
- 00:55:45I didn't want to go out there by myself.
- 00:55:48And I said to D'Angelo,
- 00:55:50"What do you think about moving out to Berkeley?"
- 00:55:54And we were roommates.
- 00:56:02[young Heumann] I wanna see a feisty group of disabled people all around the world.
- 00:56:05I mean, a group of people who, um, will not accept no,
- 00:56:09um, without asking why.
- 00:56:13That's really what's so critical about CIL
- 00:56:15is that, you know, it's not a card that you get handed at the door,
- 00:56:19but it is kind of a demand that is expected of people in this community
- 00:56:24and that is, if you don't respect yourself
- 00:56:26and if you don't demand what you believe in for yourself,
- 00:56:30you're not gonna get it.
- 00:56:32[Corbett O'Toole] My first experience of finding home
- 00:56:34was coming to Berkeley and hanging out at CIL.
- 00:56:39I had always kind of pretended like I wasn't disabled.
- 00:56:41You know, I could walk. I would stick the cane under the couch,
- 00:56:44but the whole time I'm worrying about the minute I have to get up
- 00:56:47and everybody's gonna see me limp around.
- 00:56:49So I didn't realize how heavy that burden was
- 00:56:53until I was with people where I didn't have to pretend.
- 00:56:58[reporter] The repair shop has just about everything.
- 00:57:00Even electronic equipment to fine-tune the battery-powered wheelchairs.
- 00:57:05And the center also provides transportation.
- 00:57:08Relying on state, local and federal money,
- 00:57:11the goal is to make the handicapped self-sufficient.
- 00:57:13[phone rings]
- 00:57:16Nanci D'Angelo, may I help you?
- 00:57:19Uh-huh.
- 00:57:20Um... Let's see. It shouldn't be any problem finding you an attendant.
- 00:57:24What I'll do is I'll give you a list of people
- 00:57:27who wanna work in the hours that you need somebody,
- 00:57:29and their phone numbers, okay?
- 00:57:31-[woman] Okay, it sounds good. -And anything you need, we're here.
- 00:57:33-[phone rings] -Excuse me.
- 00:57:36[young Heumann] You wanna live in a house, then that's your right.
- 00:57:38You want a two-bedroom apartment,
- 00:57:40we'll try to help you find a two-bedroom apartment.
- 00:57:43And here is how you can apply for money to get attendants paid for.
- 00:57:48[attendant] Want me to get anything while I'm out?
- 00:57:50-Yes. -[attendant] What?
- 00:57:52Ice cream.
- 00:57:53[attendant] Ice cream? What else?
- 00:57:54Candy.
- 00:57:55[attendant] And candy.
- 00:57:57When that whole gang of the Camp Jened kids started to come,
- 00:58:02they were like this.
- 00:58:03Like, so... If you socialized with one,
- 00:58:05like, "Oh, hey, you wanna hang out on Friday night?" "Yes."
- 00:58:08But it always meant one of those people, if not five of those people,
- 00:58:11were always gonna be there.
- 00:58:13You know, camp kind of traveled with them.
- 00:58:15There was like the traveling Camp Jened show.
- 00:58:18How did I first hear about it?
- 00:58:19Well, obviously, I heard about it from Steve, who was out here.
- 00:58:22Neil had the computer training program.
- 00:58:27[Neil speaking]
- 00:58:37[Denise speaking]
- 00:59:05[women exclaiming and laughing]
- 00:59:10[Freeman] They took me to a Halloween party at CIL.
- 00:59:13I remember that day, it was...
- 00:59:15Oh, my God!
- 00:59:16They were all drunk and carrying on. [laughs]
- 00:59:19And these people, all these cripples, were dressed in costumes.
- 00:59:27And...
- 00:59:28I don't know. I always felt you had to kinda hide yourself.
- 00:59:31You didn't want to draw attention.
- 00:59:35And there they were, like, all proud.
- 00:59:37It really struck me. Like this is... This is different.
- 00:59:40This is really different.
- 00:59:47[announcer] Next we have Steven Hofmann, 28.
- 00:59:50He's a transvestite by trade.
- 00:59:53He likes to work with handicapped children and other animals.
- 00:59:56His ambition is to be a headless amoeba
- 00:59:59with a lot of large, thickly-endowed boyfriends.
- 01:00:03-["Sweet Transvestite" playing] -[audience cheering]
- 01:00:05How'd you do? I...
- 01:00:06See you've met my faithful handyman
- 01:00:13He's just a little brought down Because when you knocked...
- 01:00:17[Hofmann speaking]
- 01:00:39Don't get strung out by the way I look
- 01:00:43Don't judge a book by its cover
- 01:00:47I'm not much of a man By the light of day
- 01:00:51But by night I'm one hell of a lover
- 01:00:55I'm just a sweet transvestite
- 01:01:00From Transsexual, Transylvania
- 01:01:13[reporter] Good evening, Judy. Good to see you again.
- 01:01:15How has the situation changed since 1973?
- 01:01:18Are you still as upset and angry as you were then?
- 01:01:21I think that what I've tried to do in part,
- 01:01:23is to turn some of that anger around and put it into, um, positive action.
- 01:01:30And outside the fact that legislation has been passed,
- 01:01:34there's been very little actual enforcement.
- 01:01:38[reporter] Federal law prohibits
- 01:01:40discrimination against handicapped persons.
- 01:01:42An organization of the handicapped claims that law has been ignored.
- 01:01:45Today there were demonstrations at 11 regional offices
- 01:01:48of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare across the nation.
- 01:01:52[Heumann] Carter had been elected.
- 01:01:54They had said that the regulations would be adopted,
- 01:01:57but when Secretary Califano
- 01:02:01became head of Health, Education and Welfare, he began to do a review.
- 01:02:07[reporter] Handicapped citizens demonstrated
- 01:02:09at Health, Education and Welfare today.
- 01:02:11They accuse Secretary Califano of weakening and delaying regulations
- 01:02:15to implement the 1973 law to protect the rights of the handicapped.
- 01:02:21We have maintained this position
- 01:02:24for almost three years now,
- 01:02:27but, apparently, when Mr. Califano became secretary,
- 01:02:32he said, "This is a whole new ball game."
- 01:02:35To us, it is not. We're still in the same game.
- 01:02:38[cheering]
- 01:02:41[all chanting] 504! 504! 504!
- 01:02:57I have reviewed those regulations.
- 01:03:01There are some difficult questions.
- 01:03:03The last administration
- 01:03:04took two and a half years and decided not to move.
- 01:03:08I've had two and a half months.
- 01:03:10[protester 1] Why can't you move now? What are you waiting for?
- 01:03:12Because I wanna make sure I understand them--
- 01:03:14-[protester 1] No! It's one law! -I will do the--
- 01:03:16-[protester 2] Boo! -[protester 1] Not in May, now!
- 01:03:18[crowd clamoring]
- 01:03:24[Heumann] What we were hearing is that lobbyists were coming in,
- 01:03:28wanting to make changes in the regulations.
- 01:03:31Schools and universities, and even hospitals,
- 01:03:34didn't want to have to spend the money to make their buildings accessible.
- 01:03:39So, we believed that there was, like, an imperative.
- 01:03:41That we had to act quickly.
- 01:03:44We were told, today, you heard it here, that because of their failures,
- 01:03:51we are not to have...
- 01:03:54our civil rights.
- 01:03:56[crowd clamoring]
- 01:04:00[all protesters] Sign or resign! Sign or resign!
- 01:04:04[reporter] Some of the protesters vowed to stay outside of Califano's office
- 01:04:07until he signs the regulations.
- 01:04:09[woman] This coalition is a part of a national movement
- 01:04:12and we're going to stick together and continue to fight for our civil rights.
- 01:04:16[crowd cheering]
- 01:04:21[HolLynn D'Lil] I didn't even know there was a national movement.
- 01:04:23And I didn't know what a 504 was.
- 01:04:27I was a girl from Texas.
- 01:04:31When I was 22, just right out of college,
- 01:04:34and I was on my way home one day and a truck ran me off the road
- 01:04:38and so I became a paraplegic.
- 01:04:41I had all the assumptions and prejudices
- 01:04:44that people have about people with disabilities and about disabilities,
- 01:04:48and suddenly I was one.
- 01:04:52I'd never been around so many people with disabilities
- 01:04:55and so many different kinds of disabilities, all in one place
- 01:04:59and all chanting about rights. [chuckles]
- 01:05:05I'd never really thought about it as applying to me.
- 01:05:09And I called Ms. Magazine, and they gave me an assignment.
- 01:05:14So I went back there with my camera.
- 01:05:16[man over PA] We people who are here in the Bay must stay together.
- 01:05:20We are the strongest political force in this country.
- 01:05:23We are young, we are sensitive, and we are intelligent.
- 01:05:28Let's stay together.
- 01:05:30[Dennis Billups] I was asked to go to the demonstration by my sister.
- 01:05:34And I said, "Okay. I'll give it a shot."
- 01:05:38And then all of a sudden, someone said,
- 01:05:41"Well, let's go in the building. You know, what are we gonna do, stand outside?"
- 01:05:44So I headed toward the building.
- 01:05:47[D'Lil] The speeches were over
- 01:05:48and I followed this group of people into the building.
- 01:05:51There must have been 300 people and they went up to the fourth floor
- 01:05:55and they went into the office of the regional director.
- 01:05:58Now, what's he gonna do with all these people in wheelchairs?
- 01:06:01[protesters chanting] 504! 504! 504!
- 01:06:06[young Heumann] We are not asking anything unreasonable.
- 01:06:08We are asking you to request a telephone call
- 01:06:11to talk to Joseph Califano.
- 01:06:14Mr. Lebossi, the general counsel for HEW, has been designated as the person
- 01:06:20that I should discuss these matters with, and if you...
- 01:06:22[young Heumann] The more I sat in this room
- 01:06:24and got these absolute non-answers,
- 01:06:26the angrier I got,
- 01:06:27and that's when people started really feeling like we couldn't leave,
- 01:06:30because no one knew what we were talking about,
- 01:06:33but we knew that they were trying to rescind the regulations.
- 01:06:36We shall not be moved
- 01:06:38[Billups] Five or six o'clock came and nobody was leavin'.
- 01:06:42So, I figured, "Okay, we're gonna have to spend the night." [laughs]
- 01:06:49[Heumann] Kitty and I and a few others, we just kind of took a vote
- 01:06:53and said, "How many people wanna stay overnight?"
- 01:06:55And that's how it started.
- 01:06:56[protesters chanting] 504! 504! 504!
- 01:06:59Judy said, "Bring a toothbrush."
- 01:07:02And I was like, "Okay."
- 01:07:03[chanting continues]
- 01:07:07I said, "Well, Judy, I didn't come prepared." [chuckles]
- 01:07:10She said, "You gotta stay here, Ron. You gotta stay here."
- 01:07:13Solidarity forever
- 01:07:17Solidarity forever
- 01:07:21The truth goes marching on
- 01:07:24[all cheering]
- 01:07:27This is for tonight. Okay?
- 01:07:30How many people in the room cannot sleep on the floor?
- 01:07:34[Heumann] Bay Area was the most well-organized.
- 01:07:36We had the expertise to not only have demonstrations but to sustain them.
- 01:07:42I, I, I I am somebody
- 01:07:46[reporter] The sit-in at San Francisco's HEW headquarters
- 01:07:49now is in its third day.
- 01:07:50Hot water has been turned off on the fourth floor,
- 01:07:53where the occupation army of cripples has taken over.
- 01:07:56[O'Toole] The FBI cut off the phones.
- 01:07:58They said we couldn't have any communication.
- 01:08:00So, we're like, "Okay, what do we do?"
- 01:08:02And the deaf people went...
- 01:08:04"We know what to do."
- 01:08:06Someone would sign out the window.
- 01:08:08That's how we communicated back and forth to the people outside the building.
- 01:08:13Uh, one fellow, who's right behind me and asleep right now,
- 01:08:15built us a refrigerator.
- 01:08:17He attached some plastic to an air conditioner
- 01:08:21and built it out of cardboard and stuff that was around.
- 01:08:25So, we've been able to keep a lot of stuff cold.
- 01:08:27[Billups] There were just so many people
- 01:08:28trying to figure out how to eat, how to wash.
- 01:08:31"Where are we gonna get food? Where are we gonna get blankets?"
- 01:08:35Brad Lomax was the one who had the idea to call the Black Panthers.
- 01:08:39Brad could hardly speak,
- 01:08:41but he could gesture [laughs] and he got his point across.
- 01:08:48[O'Toole] The Panthers would bring a hot meal for dinner
- 01:08:50and then they would leave food for breakfast and lunch.
- 01:08:54For nothing. No money, no nothing.
- 01:08:58I ended up, you know, after the meeting I said to this guy, "I don't get it.
- 01:09:02You're the Black Panther Party and you don't have a ton of resources."
- 01:09:06You know, they had a food kitchen in Oakland.
- 01:09:08"Why are you choosing to feed us?"
- 01:09:11He said to me, you know,
- 01:09:12"You are trying to make the world a better place
- 01:09:15and that's what we are about.
- 01:09:16We are about making the world a better place for everybody.
- 01:09:19So, if you're gonna go to the trouble to stay here and sleep on this floor,
- 01:09:22we're gonna make sure you get fed."
- 01:09:24You know, that's how we survived.
- 01:09:27[man] We have a cafeteria. We have a conference room.
- 01:09:30We have beds all over the place, mattresses, food.
- 01:09:34It's incredible.
- 01:09:36[Heumann] Our support was much broader than just within the disability community.
- 01:09:41Union members and other civil rights organizations.
- 01:09:46We had relationships with local government.
- 01:09:49The mayor was clearly in support.
- 01:09:52One of the secretaries in Sacramento sent down mattresses.
- 01:09:57Glide Memorial Church, which was run by a progressive minister.
- 01:10:02We are a people who believe in liberation!
- 01:10:04[crowd applauding]
- 01:10:07[Heumann] It was the right place, the right time.
- 01:10:11[O'Toole] One of the women who ran the big lesbian bar in the East Bay
- 01:10:13came and said, "What do you guys need?"
- 01:10:16And we said, "We're so tired of being dirty."
- 01:10:19And, so, her partner was a nurse
- 01:10:21and they went out and bought a gallon of shampoo and a gallon of cream rinse.
- 01:10:25And, one night, just showed up.
- 01:10:25And for three hours, anybody that wanted their hair washed got their hair washed.
- 01:10:29[woman] Oh, my lord. It feels good.
- 01:10:33Yay for gay children
- 01:10:34And teenagers!
- 01:10:35We shall not be moved
- 01:10:36[singing continues]
- 01:10:42[O'Toole] You can't imagine what the 504 sit-in was like.
- 01:10:44It was camp.
- 01:10:46Everything we learned at crip camp was what we did there.
- 01:10:51[LeBrecht] So many people from Camp Jened,
- 01:10:54campers, counselors, disabled, non-disabled
- 01:10:57found their way into the building.
- 01:10:59We shall have our rights
- 01:11:01We shall have our We shall have our rights
- 01:11:13...do right now, is to read off the list
- 01:11:17of the names of people who are going to be speaking tomorrow.
- 01:11:20[Heumann] There were many different committees that were working on media
- 01:11:25and food and medical issues and different things like that.
- 01:11:29...the regulations that we agreed to at the January 21st meeting,
- 01:11:33and he is trying to obscure that...
- 01:11:36[D'Lil] Judy made sure everybody gets a chance to speak.
- 01:11:39...the hunger strike. Anyone here who wants to...
- 01:11:42[D'Lil] We could not begin a meeting until there was a sign interpreter there.
- 01:11:47The meetings would go until three o'clock in the morning.
- 01:11:50[Heumann] People have to be engaged and feeling like they made a difference.
- 01:11:55Otherwise, people weren't gonna stay there all that time.
- 01:12:01[all singing] Ain't gonna let nobody
- 01:12:04Turn me around Turn me around
- 01:12:07- I said - Turn me around
- 01:12:09Lemme hear you
- 01:12:10[young Billups] It is evolving into a coalition.
- 01:12:12The more we talk, the more we discuss, the more we change and regroup,
- 01:12:16and the more we learn about our own handicap inside of our own coalition.
- 01:12:21Learning sign language, learning Braille,
- 01:12:24learning about hidden disabilities like epilepsy, arthritis,
- 01:12:30and learning about all of our disabilities,
- 01:12:32we will become a tighter and firmer group.
- 01:12:37[reporter] The demonstration here is now in its fourth day.
- 01:12:39It is by far the largest and longest protest
- 01:12:42ever organized by disabled people in this area.
- 01:12:45But the problem is still the same as it was on Tuesday.
- 01:12:48Trying to get the attention of Washington.
- 01:12:54[LeBrecht] I'm amazed at how many people stayed.
- 01:12:58And what these people had to endure.
- 01:13:01Not having a back-up ventilator.
- 01:13:04Not having your usual personal care attendant.
- 01:13:07Not having access to catheters.
- 01:13:10It's hard enough for me to take care of my body.
- 01:13:13Here we're talking about quadriplegics who can't turn themselves
- 01:13:16during the middle of the night to prevent body sores.
- 01:13:19And to be sleeping on the floor? I mean, that's a recipe for disaster.
- 01:13:26[O'Toole] It's like the world always wants us dead.
- 01:13:29Disabled people know that every day of our lives.
- 01:13:31The world doesn't want us around and wants us dead.
- 01:13:35We live with that reality, so there's always gonna be, uh,
- 01:13:38"Am I gonna survive? Am I gonna push back?
- 01:13:40Am I gonna fight to be here?" That's always true.
- 01:13:44So, if you wanna call that anger, I call it kind of drive.
- 01:13:48You know, you have to be willing to thrive or you're not gonna make it.
- 01:13:52I can work.
- 01:13:53My mind functions, my hands function.
- 01:13:56Many of us can work. That's all we're saying.
- 01:13:59Remove the architectural barriers.
- 01:14:02[Heumann] For a number of days, a number of us went on a hunger strike.
- 01:14:06We were drinking, like, two or three glasses of liquid a day.
- 01:14:17[D'Lil] I know the pressure on Judy had to be very harsh.
- 01:14:21It's a lot of responsibility, and it was Judy who was saying often,
- 01:14:25one individual at a time,
- 01:14:27"Can you stay? Can you stay just one more day?
- 01:14:30Can you stay one more day?"
- 01:14:33And that's how they did it, day by day.
- 01:14:38[reporter] This building's been occupied for 11 days
- 01:14:40by a small army of the handicapped.
- 01:14:42-Support outside has increased each day. -[protesters chanting]
- 01:14:45[reporter] The sounds of that support carry inside
- 01:14:47to the offices of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
- 01:14:50[Evan White] I was at Channel 7, which was on Golden Gate Avenue
- 01:14:53just around the corner from the Federal Building.
- 01:14:56The local media damn near ignored the entire event,
- 01:15:00and I was virtually the only one covering it the entire time.
- 01:15:06[O'Toole] Evan White essentially embedded with us.
- 01:15:09He did footage of us from beginning to end.
- 01:15:13[White] I had the immense privilege
- 01:15:15of being allowed to sit in during the nightly sessions of strategy.
- 01:15:19I was in heaven on that kind of story. I just...
- 01:15:22I like people who make trouble.
- 01:15:25[O'Toole] We were trying to push the agenda forward,
- 01:15:27and so one of the thoughts was,
- 01:15:29"Let's get Congress to come to the building
- 01:15:32and actually have congressional hearings in the building."
- 01:15:34'Cause we couldn't leave.
- 01:15:38[reporter] The handicapped demand
- 01:15:40that section 504 of the Civil Rights Act be signed.
- 01:15:42Today their demand for action is heard by two congressmen,
- 01:15:45Phillip Burton and George Miller.
- 01:15:47My statement is one of militancy. My statement is one of
- 01:15:50support from disabled individuals from around the country.
- 01:15:53This is the beginning of a civil rights movement
- 01:15:55and we are proud that you are here to help us launch this civil rights movement,
- 01:15:59which is so long overdue.
- 01:16:02[D'Lil] Califano, the Director of HEW,
- 01:16:05sent this poor man named Eidenberg to represent him at this ad hoc hearing
- 01:16:11held by Congressmen Miller and Burton.
- 01:16:14Right now, a searching analysis is going on in Washington
- 01:16:18with all deliberate speed, tackling such diverse questions as:
- 01:16:21Should drug addicts and alcoholics be covered?
- 01:16:24To what extent would every school and hospital in this country
- 01:16:27be required to remodel?
- 01:16:29[D'Lil] And he had come in with 20-something changes,
- 01:16:32including instituting the shameful doctrine of separate but equal.
- 01:16:39A school district was allowed to designate one school...
- 01:16:43as the school that children with disabilities
- 01:16:45and students with disabilities could go to.
- 01:16:47Well, what's that? That's separate but equal.
- 01:16:51We knew it was Califano's little dog and pony show.
- 01:16:55He sends this poor guy in to read these words,
- 01:16:59because he's gonna put us back in our place.
- 01:17:02And then, he left the room.
- 01:17:05And Congressman Burton said, "Oh, no, no, no."
- 01:17:08Mr. Eidenberg had locked himself into an office,
- 01:17:11and Burton kicked at the door and finally Eidenberg came out.
- 01:17:16And Burton dragged Eidenberg back into the room.
- 01:17:20Made him sit at the front table facing everybody in the audience,
- 01:17:23so he could listen to our testimony.
- 01:17:26[Miller] Somebody's gonna have to pour concrete.
- 01:17:28Somebody's gonna have to knock down some walls,
- 01:17:31and somebody's gonna have to make school teachers and classrooms available.
- 01:17:35But that is a price that we have said that we've been willing to pay for 200 years,
- 01:17:39to make people accessible to the mainstream.
- 01:17:42[voice breaking] Whether there was a Section 504,
- 01:17:47there was a Brown versus Board of Education...
- 01:17:55the... [exhales heavily] the harassment...
- 01:18:00the, um, lack of equity that has been provided for disabled individuals,
- 01:18:07and that now is even being discussed by the administration,
- 01:18:11is so intolerable that I can't quite put it into words.
- 01:18:15I can tell you that every time you raise issues of separate but equal,
- 01:18:22the outrage of disabled individuals across this country...
- 01:18:27is going to continue, it is going to be ignited.
- 01:18:30There will be more takeovers of buildings...
- 01:18:33until finally maybe you begin to understand our position.
- 01:18:38We will no longer allow the government to opp... oppress disabled individuals.
- 01:18:44We want the law enforced.
- 01:18:47We want no more segregation.
- 01:18:50We will accept no more discussion of segregation.
- 01:18:55And I would appreciate it if you would stop shaking your head in agreement
- 01:18:58when I don't think you understand what we are talking about.
- 01:19:07[O'Toole] There are moments... like, where history shifts.
- 01:19:12Judy's interaction with that man
- 01:19:14is the moment when things shifted for so many people.
- 01:19:18[D'Lil] What was Califano thinking with this?
- 01:19:21Well, he was thinking he didn't have to pay attention to us.
- 01:19:25That was instrumental in making the leaders decide,
- 01:19:29"We've gotta go to D.C. We've gotta go get in his face."
- 01:19:34[reporter] Today, a delegation of 25 left San Francisco,
- 01:19:37heading for the nation's capital
- 01:19:39where they hope to present their demands directly to the President.
- 01:19:42We are hopeful that the President will see us.
- 01:19:43We have gotten a lot of support from organizations within the community
- 01:19:48who are paying our way to go to Washington.
- 01:19:50And we are really hopeful that we will come back
- 01:19:53with success and the regulations signed as we want them.
- 01:19:56[White] At the San Francisco Airport, leaving on this journey of determination,
- 01:19:59Evan White, Channel 7 News Scene.
- 01:20:07[Billups] I thought it was important to let them know right off the plane
- 01:20:10we were not playing.
- 01:20:12So, I said, "Well, what are we gonna do now?"
- 01:20:15They says, "Well, we could sleep until tomorrow."
- 01:20:17I says, "Oh, no, we're not.
- 01:20:19We're gonna go out there
- 01:20:20and we're gonna sit in front of Califano's house
- 01:20:22and we're gonna let him know that this is 504 and we're here."
- 01:20:27[D'Lil] There was no accessible transportation at the time,
- 01:20:31so the machinist union very ingeniously rented a U-Haul truck,
- 01:20:36plastered their sign on the side of it, and that's how we got around in D.C.
- 01:20:41And we would sit in darkness as we traveled around,
- 01:20:44and we wouldn't know where we were until we got there,
- 01:20:47and they opened up the back, and we could see out again.
- 01:20:52We went straight to Califano's house
- 01:20:54and held a candlelight vigil outside of it.
- 01:20:59[White] The cops came immediately, police cars all around,
- 01:21:02but they saw a bunch of people in wheelchairs and on crutches
- 01:21:06and they didn't wanna fuck with them.
- 01:21:08So they didn't. They just parked across the way and watched, all night.
- 01:21:15[D'Lil] That morning, when the sun was up,
- 01:21:17Judy and Evan White and his cameramen were knocking on Califano's door.
- 01:21:23And he never came out.
- 01:21:24And somebody said he took off out the back door.
- 01:21:27The First Family used the side door today
- 01:21:30to leave Washington's First Baptist Church.
- 01:21:32The Carters avoided about 20 handicapped persons
- 01:21:35demonstrating across the street from the door the President normally uses.
- 01:21:40[reporter] In Washington today,
- 01:21:41more than 100 people marched in front of the White House.
- 01:21:43But it doesn't look as if Carter will see the demonstrators personally,
- 01:21:47even though they've traveled there from San Francisco for that very purpose.
- 01:21:51[O'Toole] When the group of 22 left,
- 01:21:53there's still, like, a ton of us in San Francisco.
- 01:21:56You know, then the FBI really ratcheted it up.
- 01:21:58There was, like, 3:00 a.m. fire alarms and these bomb scares.
- 01:22:03And our only job... [chuckles] This was, like... You know Judy.
- 01:22:06Our only job was, like,
- 01:22:08[imitating Heumann] "You don't leave until I call you."
- 01:22:12"Yes. We won't leave until you call us." [laughs]
- 01:22:16We were more scared of disappointing Judy Heumann
- 01:22:18than we ever were of the FBI or the police department arresting us.
- 01:22:23[D'Lil] People in D.C. were very stressed.
- 01:22:26It should have been a big finale, a big climax.
- 01:22:29It should have made something happen, shook something loose, and it didn't.
- 01:22:34We didn't know what was gonna happen.
- 01:22:37Three times that week we went 36 hours without sleep.
- 01:22:42The leaders just held strong and said, "How can you give up?
- 01:22:46It has to be done, and if not now, when?"
- 01:22:55[woman 1] Does anyone know where Dennis' cane is?
- 01:22:58[woman 2] No.
- 01:22:59[woman 3] Does anybody know where Dennis' cane is?
- 01:23:02[man 1] No smoking inside.
- 01:23:03[Heumann] All right, we gotta go, 'cause we're not gonna--
- 01:23:04[woman 4] Not supposed to sit on the guitar.
- 01:23:07[woman 5] There's room on the floor here for somebody.
- 01:23:10Judy, sing a song.
- 01:23:12-[man 2] Ellen, is Bob Perkins up there? -[Heumann singing "Amazing Grace"]
- 01:23:15[woman 6] I think Nicky went for it.
- 01:23:17[man 2] Ask him if he wants to ride in here with us.
- 01:23:19[Heumann continues singing]
- 01:23:21[man 2] Okay.
- 01:23:24[truck door rolls closed and engine starts]
- 01:23:25[all singing] That saved a wretch
- 01:23:31Like me
- 01:23:32-[woman 7] Wait a second. -[man 3] I don't like that one.
- 01:23:34[woman 8] I'm sure you've been noticing it...
- 01:23:36[Heumann] I once was lost
- 01:23:40But now I'm found
- 01:23:46Was blind
- 01:23:49But now I see
- 01:24:02[protesters] One, two, three, four! We're gonna get the 504!
- 01:24:06One, two, three, four! We're gonna get the 504!
- 01:24:11[White] I know this may be against protocol, sir--
- 01:24:13-It is. -But I've come 3,000 miles.
- 01:24:14Can I ask why you did not meet with the demonstrators this week?
- 01:24:17Well, there's an illegal demonstration going on in San Francisco.
- 01:24:20And I just, uh, don't think it's appropriate to do that.
- 01:24:23I understand you agreed to meet with them and canceled that. Is that true?
- 01:24:26Thank you.
- 01:24:29He said he never made such an agreement,
- 01:24:30this being an illegal contingent of an illegal sit-in.
- 01:24:34[D'Lil] Evan White was ready to send all his materials back to San Francisco,
- 01:24:38to Channel 7, and there was a technician strike.
- 01:24:42[imperceptible audio]
- 01:24:44[White] ABC stations all over the country were not getting very much news,
- 01:24:49so the guys at ABC, the strike-breakers,
- 01:24:52put it to every ABC station in the country.
- 01:24:55Evan White in Washington, D.C.
- 01:24:57[protesters] One, two, three, four! We're gonna get the 504!
- 01:24:59[White] Well, they started getting a little blowback.
- 01:25:02People like Joe Califano
- 01:25:04didn't give a shit if it was on in San Francisco,
- 01:25:06but it's everywhere.
- 01:25:17-[man] Thank you. -Yep.
- 01:25:18[man] Watch your shadow.
- 01:25:19[D'Lil] As it happened, without any fanfare,
- 01:25:22without letting the press know, or we didn't even know,
- 01:25:25Califano suddenly signed the regulations the way we wanted 'em.
- 01:25:30[laughs]
- 01:25:31I think that this... this calls for a revolution of attitudes
- 01:25:35and thinking and activities
- 01:25:38on behalf of millions of American citizens.
- 01:25:41[crowd cheering and applauding]
- 01:25:51[reporter 1] When it was over,
- 01:25:52Dusty Irvine shared bread with her friends.
- 01:25:55She had been on a hunger strike.
- 01:25:57This was the first food she had eaten in 23 days.
- 01:26:03[reporter 2] In Washington, spokesmen for the handicapped were pleased.
- 01:26:06The Congress, the press, the American public
- 01:26:09has seen that we have stamina, strength, intelligence, um,
- 01:26:13as anyone else does.
- 01:26:14That disabled individuals, because they're disabled,
- 01:26:17are not, by definition, sick.
- 01:26:20[reporter 3] The new laws say every handicapped child in the country
- 01:26:23has a right to be educated in public schools,
- 01:26:26something the handicapped have been waiting for for a long time.
- 01:26:30It should have been implemented 20 years ago. [chuckles]
- 01:26:34[reporter 4] Are you happy though, or apprehensive or what?
- 01:26:37Uh, I am very happy. Yes.
- 01:26:39This shows that the country is waking up.
- 01:26:42Finally, after all the pressure and after all the agonizing,
- 01:26:46and after the humiliating treatment--
- 01:26:48People were treated in Washington, D.C. and in San Francisco.
- 01:26:54[cheers and applause]
- 01:27:06[O'Toole] We literally believed we could beat the US government.
- 01:27:11Not only did we believe it...
- 01:27:13but we fucking did it.
- 01:27:15You know? [chuckles] I mean, we did it, and it's like...
- 01:27:19And we did it together.
- 01:27:23And what the 504 sit-in did is it took all these people,
- 01:27:27deaf people and people with intellectual disabilities
- 01:27:29and learning disabilities and blind people...
- 01:27:31I mean, there was this really wide range of people.
- 01:27:35And we were all going,
- 01:27:37"Well, I never heard that story before, but I believe you
- 01:27:39that that's your experience of being locked up in a mental ward.
- 01:27:42I believe you that that's your experience in special ed. I believe you."
- 01:27:48We were witnessing each other's truths.
- 01:27:50[cheering continues]
- 01:27:57We were giving each other, like,
- 01:27:59"I see you, and I believe you."
- 01:28:10[D'Lil] I didn't have a lot of self-esteem when I became disabled,
- 01:28:15so you can see why... [chuckles and sniffles]
- 01:28:19when 504 told me I had value...
- 01:28:24it hit home.
- 01:28:32[Freeman] I felt very, very proud to be part of this community.
- 01:28:35Very proud.
- 01:28:36[Cone] We won! We won!
- 01:28:37We showed strength and courage and power and commitment!
- 01:28:44That we the shut-ins or the shut-outs,
- 01:28:47we the hidden, supposedly the frail and the weak,
- 01:28:51that we could wage a struggle at the highest level of government
- 01:28:56and win!
- 01:28:57[protesters cheering]
- 01:29:19[crowd applauding and cheering]
- 01:29:22[LeBrecht] A year after the 504 sit-in, I graduated college.
- 01:29:26I finally got to join my Camp Jened friends up in Berkeley.
- 01:29:30I had gotten my dream job
- 01:29:32as the resident sound designer at the Berkeley Repertory Theatre.
- 01:29:37But the first two years I worked there,
- 01:29:39there was no wheelchair access to the sound booth.
- 01:29:42There were these outdoor steps I had to climb.
- 01:29:45By the end of winter, there were, like, mushrooms growing out of the carpet.
- 01:29:51But because of the regulations being signed,
- 01:29:54the physical world around me began to become more accessible.
- 01:29:58-[woman] Hi, Judy. -Hi, how are you?
- 01:30:00[reporter] Funding from Section 504 has led to sweeping changes
- 01:30:04in transportation, health care, education and job opportunities.
- 01:30:08Universities must now make their buildings and facilities accessible to the disabled
- 01:30:12and provide interpreters and readers for the deaf and the blind.
- 01:30:16All housing projects and public buildings using federal money
- 01:30:20must be made accessible to people in wheelchairs.
- 01:30:23It's really out in the streets of Berkeley
- 01:30:25that you see the results of the disabled civil rights movement.
- 01:30:28Curb ramps designed by wheelchair users allow travel almost anywhere in the city.
- 01:30:34The implications are enormous.
- 01:30:38[LeBrecht] In 1980, Berkeley Rep opened a new, larger theater.
- 01:30:43Because of 504, that new building had to be accessible.
- 01:30:52As the barriers around me started to disappear,
- 01:30:55I realized that this bar I had set for myself,
- 01:30:58that I had to overcome my disability, it had taken a toll on me.
- 01:31:04It was denying a part of who I am.
- 01:31:10Ready, sound. Three, four.
- 01:31:13I would like to say that, um, I'm glad to be here tonight, but, um...
- 01:31:20[exhales heavily]
- 01:31:24-[crowd member 1] It's all right. -[crowd member 2] We're behind you.
- 01:31:26[crowd member 1] It's all right.
- 01:31:28You know, on the one hand I'm feeling like I should say everything is wonderful,
- 01:31:34[voice breaking] and I don't feel, um, that's at all what we talked about.
- 01:31:40And I'm very tired of being thankful for accessible toilets.
- 01:31:44[crowd laughs]
- 01:31:45I... I really am tired of feeling that way,
- 01:31:48when... I basically feel that, um...
- 01:31:55if I have to feel thankful about an accessible bathroom,
- 01:31:58when am I ever gonna be equal in the community?
- 01:32:03[crowd applauds]
- 01:32:10For decades, we have piled deficit upon deficit,
- 01:32:14mortgaging our future and our children's future
- 01:32:17for the temporary convenience of the present.
- 01:32:20[reporter 1] On May the 7th, Congress was due to vote on budget proposals.
- 01:32:24[reporter 2] The future for disabled programs looked bleak.
- 01:32:27Not only money, but the hard-won legislation's at stake.
- 01:32:30It wasn't too long ago we made this trek so we could implement the laws.
- 01:32:34And now you're here three years later trying to say don't repeal them.
- 01:32:37It's, uh... It's amazing how it works in this system.
- 01:32:41[reporter 3] Disabled protestors closed down a street
- 01:32:44in St. Louis, Missouri, on Sunday.
- 01:32:46[LeBrecht] It was just a continual struggle
- 01:32:48to make sure that the 504 regulations were enforced.
- 01:32:51And on top of that, 504 only covered organizations
- 01:32:54that were receiving federal money.
- 01:32:55[officer over megaphone] If you do not stop, you will be arrested.
- 01:33:00[LeBrecht] Most public transportation was not accessible,
- 01:33:03employers could still discriminate,
- 01:33:05and private businesses didn't have to do anything at all.
- 01:33:10We needed a civil rights law of our own.
- 01:33:17[reporter] It is the latest struggle for civil rights
- 01:33:19and integration into the mainstream of American life.
- 01:33:22For more than 40 million Americans
- 01:33:24who are physically or mentally disabled, a new era is dawning.
- 01:33:28A bill nearing passage in Congress
- 01:33:30would mandate equal access for the disabled
- 01:33:33to employment, transportation, and public places.
- 01:33:36This legislation is a bill of rights for the disabled,
- 01:33:40and America will be a better and fairer nation because of it.
- 01:33:47[protesters] ADA!
- 01:33:48-[woman] When do we want it? -[protesters] Now!
- 01:33:49-[woman] When do we want it? -[protesters] Now!
- 01:33:52-[woman] What do we want? -[protesters] ADA!
- 01:33:53-[woman] When do we want it? -[protesters] Now!
- 01:34:04[Jennifer Keelan] I'm gonna get there.
- 01:34:06-Gonna get there! -[man 2] Take your time.
- 01:34:08[protester 1 chanting] ADA now!
- 01:34:13[Keelan] I'll take all night if I have to.
- 01:34:17[woman] Whoo!
- 01:34:19[crowd cheering and encouraging]
- 01:34:22-[protester 1] ADA now! -[grunts]
- 01:34:24[protester 2] All right!
- 01:34:25[Heumann] We, as disabled persons, are here today
- 01:34:28to ensure for the class of disabled Americans,
- 01:34:32the ordinary daily life
- 01:34:34that non-disabled Americans too often take for granted:
- 01:34:37the right to ride a bus or a train,
- 01:34:40the right to any job for which we are qualified,
- 01:34:43the right to enter any theater, restaurant, or public accommodation.
- 01:34:47The passage of this monumental legislation will make it clear
- 01:34:51that our government will no longer allow
- 01:34:54the largest minority group in the United States
- 01:34:57to be denied equal opportunity.
- 01:34:59To do any less is immoral.
- 01:35:01Mr. President.
- 01:35:03[reporter] This morning, Senator Tom Harkin, whose brother is deaf,
- 01:35:06delivered a speech in sign language, urging passage of this bill.
- 01:35:10But in the end, it was the disabled themselves who made it happen.
- 01:35:14[crowd cheering and encouraging]
- 01:35:18Let the shameful wall of exclusion finally come tumbling down.
- 01:35:24God bless you all.
- 01:35:42[Denise speaking]
- 01:35:50-[Neil] Hey, Angel. -[Angel] Hey, Neil.
- 01:35:52[Neil] How are you?
- 01:35:53Can we have three mochas?
- 01:35:56A mocha?
- 01:35:57[Neil] Three.
- 01:35:59[Denise speaking]
- 01:36:38["Sugar Mountain" by Neil Young playing]
- 01:36:45Oh, to live on Sugar Mountain
- 01:36:51With the barkers And the colored balloons
- 01:36:57You can't be 20 on Sugar Mountain
- 01:37:02Though you're thinking that You're leavin' there too soon
- 01:37:09You're leavin' there too soon
- 01:37:16This whole perimeter...
- 01:37:20was where the bunks were.
- 01:37:22It's so noisy at the fair But all your friends are there
- 01:37:27[Heumann] Oh, my God. I don't recognize this at all.
- 01:37:31And your mother and your dad
- 01:37:34Where is the camp?
- 01:37:36Is it all gone?
- 01:37:39[music playing]
- 01:37:54Though you're thinking that You're leavin' there too soon
- 01:38:00You're leavin' there too soon
- 01:38:03[LeBrecht] Coming back to this place as if it was hallowed ground.
- 01:38:08And you almost kinda wanna say, just, you know, "Thank you."
- 01:38:11[Denise laughs]
- 01:38:24[both laugh]
- 01:38:26[Woodyard] Is that Denise? Denise, Denise?
- 01:38:29-Oh, wow! Lionel! -[Emily laughing]
- 01:38:34[Woodyard kisses loudly]
- 01:38:35You can hear the words she wrote As you read the hidden note
- 01:38:40This was an open field of grass.
- 01:38:44And our baseball diamond was here.
- 01:38:48[Denise speaking]
- 01:38:58-[David] Go! -[Neil] Go!
- 01:39:00[narrator] The Jacobsons live in Oakland, California.
- 01:39:03Neil is a bank vice president.
- 01:39:05Denise is a writer.
- 01:39:07[Denise speaking]
- 01:39:09-How about... About five kisses? -Oh!
- 01:39:12[interviewer] All your life, did you want to be a daddy?
- 01:39:14[Neil speaking]
- 01:39:35[Denise speaking]
- 01:40:00No way.
- 01:40:05[Emily] The freedom that this camp provided
- 01:40:07definitely influenced the rest of my dad's life.
- 01:40:14I mean, him being my dad, I...
- 01:40:17He didn't really wanna expose too much of his rebellious,
- 01:40:21kind of punk, hippy attitude and everything,
- 01:40:24but to connect with that side of him was just really incredible.
- 01:40:29["Sugar Mountain" continues playing]
- 01:40:38[Denise speaking]
- 01:41:15[Allison] I am very proud of everybody.
- 01:41:18There needed to be, like, a moment in time
- 01:41:20when a spark started the thing to change,
- 01:41:22and that's why the Judy Heumanns of the world are so important.
- 01:41:26Judy, you were a total pain in the ass,
- 01:41:28but I loved you anyway.
- 01:41:31[interviewer] Judy, what is the most important
- 01:41:33that has happened to you within the last 20 years?
- 01:41:36[young Heumann] The most important thing for me has been
- 01:41:38the creation of the disabled rights movement,
- 01:41:41that I feel we can call an international rights movement.
- 01:41:45["Sugar Mountain" continues playing]
- 01:42:02-[LeBrecht] Can I give you a hug? -[Heumann] Yes.
- 01:42:04[LeBrecht] This was...
- 01:42:06This was always the best way for me to hug Nanci.
- 01:42:10[Heumann laughs]
- 01:42:13-I love you. -I love you, too.
- 01:42:15[D'Angelo] Oh, yeah.
- 01:42:16I'm mad because I can't see Jimmy, and today is our first-week anniversary.
- 01:42:20[all laughing]
- 01:42:40["Like a Ship" by Pastor T.L. Barrett and the Youth for Christ Choir playing]
- 01:43:15[choir] Just like a ship
- 01:43:19[pastor] Mmm, without a sail
- 01:43:21[choir] Without a sail
- 01:43:24[pastor] Just like a ship
- 01:43:26[choir] Just like a ship
- 01:43:30[pastor] Mmm-hmm, without a sail
- 01:43:32[choir] Without a sail
- 01:43:35[pastor] But I'm not worried Because I know
- 01:43:38[choir] But I know we can take it
- 01:43:42[pastor] I know
- 01:43:43[choir] But I know we can take it
- 01:43:47[pastor] I know we can shake it
- 01:43:49[choir] But I know we can take it
- 01:43:52[pastor] I know we can take it
- 01:43:55[choir] But I know we can take it
- 01:44:03[pastor] I sailed for pleasure
- 01:44:06[choir] I sailed for pleasure
- 01:44:10[pastor] But I found pain
- 01:44:12[choir] But I found pain
- 01:44:15[pastor] I looked for sunshine
- 01:44:17-[choir] I looked for sunshine -[pastor] Yes, I did
- 01:44:21But I found rain
- 01:44:23[choir] But I found rain
- 01:44:27[pastor] And then I looked For my friends
- 01:44:29[choir] I looked for my friends
- 01:44:32[pastor] They all walked away
- 01:44:34[choir] But they walked away
- 01:44:38[pastor] Through all the sorrows
- 01:44:40[choir] Through all of my sorrows
- 01:44:44[pastor] You can hear me say
- 01:44:46[choir] You can hear me say
- 01:44:48[pastor] Hey, hey, hey, I know
- 01:44:51[choir] But I know we can take it
- 01:44:55[pastor] Just to know one thing But I know
- 01:44:57-[choir] But I know we can take it -[pastor] Sure gonna make it
- 01:45:01I know we can shake it
- 01:45:03-[choir] But I know we can take it -[pastor] 'Cause we are proud people
- 01:45:06I know we can take it
- 01:45:08[choir] But I know we can take it
- 01:45:21Just like a ship
- 01:45:27Without a sail
- 01:45:32We did our work today
- 01:45:44Just like a ship
- 01:45:49Without a sail
- 01:45:55We did our work today
- 01:46:13Just like a ship
- 01:46:18-[pastor] Without a sail -[choir] Without a sail
- 01:46:23[pastor] Just like a ship
- 01:46:25[choir] Just like a ship
- 01:46:28[pastor] Lord knows I don't have a sail
- Disability Rights
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