The Eukaryotic Cells | Biology| MCAT

00:07:01
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6D-G1QPV_s

Résumé

TLDRThis video by Medicos Perfection covers the structure and function of eukaryotic cells in detail. Beginning with a brief review of cell theory and the distinctions between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, it explains that eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles. The speaker details key organelles such as the nucleus (cell's control center), mitochondria (energy providers), lysosomes (cell's waste disposal), and the endoplasmic reticulum (protein and lipid processing). The video further explains the structure of the cell membrane, highlighting its phospholipid bilayer, crucial for cell compartmentalization and function. Additionally, interactions between different organelles are explored, emphasizing the importance of cellular structure-function relationships like the high number of mitochondria in energy-demanding cells such as sperm. The video concludes with a question about the difference between cytoplasm and cytosol, inviting viewer engagement.

A retenir

  • 🧬 Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane.
  • 🔬 Organelles are specialized structures within eukaryotic cells.
  • 🧫 The cell membrane is a selective phospholipid bilayer.
  • ⚡ Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, producing energy.
  • 🛡 Lysosomes help in cellular digestion and waste processing.
  • 🏗 The cytoskeleton provides structural support to the cell.
  • 🔧 The endoplasmic reticulum plays a role in protein and lipid synthesis.
  • 📦 The Golgi apparatus packages and sorts cellular products.
  • 🩸 Mature red blood cells lack organelles to maximize oxygen carrying.
  • ❓ Difference between cytoplasm and cytosol sparks curiosity.

Chronologie

  • 00:00:00 - 00:07:01

    The video introduces the topic of eukaryotic cells, distinguishing them from prokaryotic cells by their possession of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The presenter explains that organelles are small structures within cells, akin to organs in the body. Key components of eukaryotic cells are outlined, including the nucleus, cytosol, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. The cell membrane is described as a phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. The function of organelles such as mitochondria, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum is briefly addressed, with an emphasis on their specific roles such as energy production and protein transport. Additionally, the video touches on the structural needs of cells, such as the cytoskeleton, and illustrates how different cell types, like sperms and red blood cells, have different organelle compositions based on their functions. The video concludes by summarizing the organelles' functions and encouraging viewer interaction with a discussion question.

Carte mentale

Vidéo Q&R

  • What are eukaryotic cells?

    Eukaryotic cells are cells that have a nucleus enclosed within a nuclear membrane, in contrast to prokaryotic cells, which do not have a nucleus.

  • What is the difference between organelles and organs?

    Organs are large structures in the body like the liver, whereas organelles are tiny structures within cells, such as mitochondria and the nucleus.

  • What is the structure of a phospholipid bilayer?

    The phospholipid bilayer consists of hydrophilic (water-loving) heads and hydrophobic (water-hating) tails, creating a selective barrier in membranes.

  • What organelles are present in eukaryotic cells?

    Eukaryotic cells contain organelles like mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus, each serving specific functions.

  • Why don't mature red blood cells have a nucleus?

    Mature red blood cells lack a nucleus to maximize space for hemoglobin, optimizing their ability to carry oxygen.

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Défilement automatique:
  • 00:00:00
    hey guys this is medicos perfection
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    alice welcome to my channel today let's
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    talk about the eukaryotic cells so let's
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    get started
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    [Music]
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    in the previous video we have talked
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    about cell theory so make sure to
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    subscribe to my channel and click on the
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    playlist called
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    MCAT biology there is a button called
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    save please save this playlist to your
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    YouTube account I've told you before
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    that living organisms are either
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    prokaryotes or eukaryotes today we'll
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    talk about the eukaryotes in detail in
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    brief prokaryotes no nucleus eukaryotes
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    they have nucleus which I mean an
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    organelle surrounded by a nuclear
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    membrane or membrane bound organelles
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    organelles are small organs literally
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    but there is a difference between organs
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    and organelles organs are like your
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    liver ok your pancreas whatever but
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    organelles are teeny tiny stuff inside
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    each cell of your body so the liver is
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    an organ the liver has many many many
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    many cells each one of them has teeny
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    tiny stuff called organelles so there is
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    a huge difference ok so here is the cell
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    these are called organelles the sinner
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    is the nucleus which is the brain of the
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    cell this is the cytosol or cytoplasm
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    and here is the cell membrane also known
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    as plasma membrane the cytoplasm plus
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    the nucleus together are called the
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    protoplasm so protoplasm includes the
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    cytoplasm and nucleoplasm the living
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    content of the cell that's surrounded by
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    a plasma membrane is the protoplasm
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    organelles are subunits in the cell with
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    a specific function they are suspended
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    in the cytosol in eukaryotes most
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    organelles are membrane bound which are
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    separate cellular compartments this is a
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    very important point
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    so membrane or plasma membrane is a
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    lipid bilayer what type of lipid
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    phospholipid any membrane and biology is
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    not one member
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    it's two membranes with an inter
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    membrane space in between this is a very
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    important point when we talk about the
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    cell membrane same stuff it has two
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    membrane and a space between them how
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    about the mitochondrial membrane same
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    thing how about the nuclear membrane
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    same exact thing two membranes and a
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    space in between so there is an outer
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    membrane inner membrane and the inter
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    membrane space so here is the cell
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    membrane or the plasma membrane it's a
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    phospholipid bilayer it has a
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    hydrophilic head hydro means water
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    philic means lover
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    the head of loves water but it has a
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    hydrophobic tail a tail sorry
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    tail I'm so sorry that hates water so
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    what's the purpose of the hydrophilic
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    head it interacts with the Acuras
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    environment outside in the extra
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    cellular fluid also known as the
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    interstitial fluid which is between the
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    cells cool what's the purpose of the
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    hydrophobic tail it's a highly selective
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    barrier because not everything can pass
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    through lipids you have to be a lipid to
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    pass through a lipid all we have to wrap
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    you in like a vesicle or something like
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    that which we will discuss later
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    so hydrophilic head hydrophilic head
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    hydrophobic tails in the center and here
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    is the cytoplasm here is the nice
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    nucleus so some quick points the nucleus
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    carries their genetic material in form
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    of DNA organized into chromosomes the
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    cytosol allows for diffusion of
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    molecules through different areas of the
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    cell it's just like the water that
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    everything is suspended in organelles
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    include mitochondria lysosome and a
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    plasmic reticulum peroxisome
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    mitochondria is plural the singular is
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    mitochondrion every structure needs a
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    skeleton
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    and your soul is a no exception it has a
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    skeleton called a cytoskeleton because
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    Saito means so let's turn our attention
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    to a very important topic for follows
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    function this is a crucial concept
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    sperms need to move yes they will need a
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    lot of energy yep so they will have lots
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    of mitochondria the islets of langerhans
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    in your pancreas they need to secrete
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    they secrete insulin and glucagon so
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    they need lots of Golgi and endoplasmic
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    reticulum red blood cells they just
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    carry oxygen that's what they do they
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    don't need any organelles
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    they have no organelles and no nucleus
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    but keep in mind that there is a
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    difference between mature and immature
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    red blood cells immature red blood cells
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    used to have a nucleus but when they
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    matured they lost their nucleus here is
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    summary of the organelles and their
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    function the mitochondria they are the
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    power plants they provide energy
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    lysosome is the soldier it destroys
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    stuff endosome is the delivery guy it
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    packages stuff and deliver them and the
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    plasmic reticulum can be either rough
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    endoplasmic reticulum or a smooth
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    endoplasmic reticulum the rough is the
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    translator it translates protein for
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    secretion the smooth endoplasmic
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    reticulum is the doughnut fat synthesis
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    is its job
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    Golgi apparatus is the sorter it
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    modifies cellular products sort them and
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    direct the delivery peroxisome is your
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    personal gym trainer destroy is the vent
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    question of the day what's the
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    difference between cytoplasm and cytosol
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    let me know down below in the comment
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    section that's it for today thank you so
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    much for watching don't forget to
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    much for watching this is medicos
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    perfection alles be safe stay happy
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    and study hard
Tags
  • eukaryotic cells
  • organelles
  • nucleus
  • phospholipid bilayer
  • cell membrane
  • cytosol
  • mitochondria
  • lysosome
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • cytoskeleton