Computing just changed forever… but there’s a catch

00:05:00
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJHrPjx4egM

Résumé

TLDRThe video discusses major developments in quantum computing, comparing the world's largest supercomputer, El Capitan, with Google's new quantum chip, Willow. El Capitan, with 1 million CPU and 10 million GPU cores, is dwarfed by Willow's capabilities, which can perform certain calculations exponentially faster, though current quantum computers like Willow (with 105 qubits) are still experimental. The potential of quantum computing lies in solving problems faster than classical computers, including breaking complex encryption, but practical, widespread use is hindered by high error rates and the need for extremely low temperatures. Google's innovation with Willow includes dynamically finding and correcting errors, allowing improved quantum operations. Meanwhile, China has released a 504-qubit chip, bringing further advancements. Despite progress, practical quantum computers remain out of reach due to technical challenges, but they pose both immense opportunities and cybersecurity threats in the future.

A retenir

  • ⚡ Google's Willow quantum chip is revolutionary and much faster for specific tasks than classical supercomputers.
  • 🔑 Quantum computing challenges include high error rates and the need for low operational temperatures.
  • 🌐 Successful quantum computing could dramatically change encryption and cyber security.
  • 🚀 New quantum advancements are being made but are not yet practical for everyday use.
  • 🧩 Quantum mechanics allows qubits to exist in multiple states simultaneously.
  • 🔒 Concerns grow over quantum computing's ability to break encryption techniques.
  • 🌍 Other countries, like China, are also making significant progress in quantum technology.
  • ♨️ Error rates and maintaining low temperatures are major hurdles in quantum tech.
  • 🧠 Google's Willow can dynamically reconfigure qubits, reducing errors.
  • 🔄 As quantum computers scale, they could exponentially alter global technology landscapes.

Chronologie

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The video discusses the introduction of El Capitan, the world's largest supercomputer with millions of CPU and GPU cores, and contrasts it with Google's new quantum chip, Willow. Despite El Capitan's enormous computational power, Willow is said to solve certain problems exponentially faster, to a degree that even a multitude of El Capitans couldn't match its speed. Simultaneously, China has announced a 504 qubit superconducting chip, which has caused concern over quantum computing's potential to breach encryption algorithms, though such fears are deemed premature. The video promises to explain how quantum computing works and why its practical applications are still limited.

Carte mentale

Vidéo Q&R

  • What is El Capitan?

    El Capitan is the world's largest supercomputer with over 1 million CPU cores and 10 million GPU cores.

  • What makes Google's Willow chip different from traditional computers?

    Willow is a quantum chip that can solve certain problems faster than traditional supercomputers by using quantum mechanics.

  • How does Quantum Computing pose a threat to encryption?

    Quantum Computing can potentially break encryption algorithms, rendering them ineffective, by rapidly solving complex calculations.

  • What is a qubit?

    A qubit is a quantum bit that can represent multiple states simultaneously due to quantum superposition.

  • Why are qubits difficult to use?

    Qubits are extremely delicate and prone to errors, requiring error correction and extremely low temperatures to function.

  • What is the significance of Google's Willow chip?

    Willow is able to reconfigure high error-rate qubits on the fly, reducing overall error rates and improving performance.

  • What is Shore's algorithm?

    Shore's algorithm is a quantum algorithm that can efficiently factor large numbers, which could potentially break RSA encryption.

  • What recent breakthrough has China made in Quantum Computing?

    China introduced a quantum chip with 504 qubits, marking a significant advancement in the field.

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  • 00:00:00
    this is the world's largest
  • 00:00:01
    supercomputer elcapitan with over 1
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    million CPU cores and 10 million GPU
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    cores at its disposal some might call it
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    blazingly fast but Google just unveiled
  • 00:00:10
    a new Quantum chip named Willow that can
  • 00:00:12
    fit in the palm of your hand and solve
  • 00:00:14
    certain problems septian of times faster
  • 00:00:16
    than this future dinosaur to put that in
  • 00:00:18
    perspective a problem that takes Willow
  • 00:00:20
    5 minutes to compute would take
  • 00:00:22
    elcapitan this many years that's more
  • 00:00:24
    years than the age of the universe even
  • 00:00:26
    if you had an elcapitan supercomputer
  • 00:00:28
    for every grain of sand on earth powered
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    by a Dyson Sphere around the Sun it
  • 00:00:32
    would still be many times slower than
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    Willow but the Americans aren't the only
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    ones making breakthroughs in the quantum
  • 00:00:36
    Computing field just days ago China
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    introduced a record-breaking 504 Cubit
  • 00:00:41
    superconducting ship after seeing this
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    big number people on the internet
  • 00:00:44
    started freaking out because a computer
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    this powerful could break unbreakable
  • 00:00:48
    encryption algorithms and steal all
  • 00:00:49
    those Hawk TWA tokens that you just
  • 00:00:51
    yellowed your life savings into but
  • 00:00:53
    that's ignorant by the end of this video
  • 00:00:55
    you'll understand how Quantum Computing
  • 00:00:57
    actually works and why it still totally
  • 00:00:59
    sucks as of today it is December 10th
  • 00:01:01
    2024 and you're watching the code report
  • 00:01:03
    on one hand Quantum Computing could lead
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    us to a Utopia that unlocks Fusion
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    Energy artificial super intelligence and
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    immortality with nanor robot doctors but
  • 00:01:12
    it also poses an existential threat to
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    humanity Computing at this speed means
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    that unbreakable encryption algorithms
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    are suddenly rendered worthless any
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    hacker with a quantum computer could
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    instantly brute force your RSA encrypted
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    Communications on the Internet or worse
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    yet crack your wallet seed phrase and
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    steal all your daddy tokens and nfts but
  • 00:01:30
    despite Google and China making some big
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    breakthroughs this technology is still
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    nowhere near being useful to understand
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    why you first need to understand how
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    Quantum Computing works the classical
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    computers like the one you're using
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    right now rely on bits binary zeros and
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    ones to process information each bit
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    represents a single state like a light
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    switch and you can combine them together
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    to do complex things like stream this
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    video around the world quantum computers
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    also use ones and zeros but put them in
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    something called a Quantum bit or Cubit
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    the key difference though is that they
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    can represent the Quantum superposition
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    of multiple ones and zeros at the same
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    time like you can imagine a cubit as a
  • 00:02:05
    box with a cat inside and when you open
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    it there's a certain probability that
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    the cat will be dead or alive but you
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    don't know until you open it
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    mathematically the equation looks like
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    this where A and B are probabilities
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    called amplitudes that the Cubit will
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    collapse to a zero or one when measured
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    and that means one cubit can represent a
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    ton of information and compute in
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    parallel what's really weird though is
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    that these cubits can become entangled
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    where the state of one cubit is directly
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    related to the state of another even
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    though they're physically very far apart
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    and that weird Behavior can be used to
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    coordinate computations using Quantum
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    Gates they can do things like flip a
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    cubit and create entanglement to provide
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    a similar purpose to logic gates and
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    classical computers but do so by
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    leveraging quantum mechanics magic
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    sounds awesome but the big problem is
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    that cubits are extremely delicate and
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    they consistently produce errors with
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    some cubits having higher error rates
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    than others and that means they
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    constantly need to deal with error
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    correction to keep the thing stable not
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    to mention these chips need to be kept
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    at temperatures near absolute zero to
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    even work so don't don't expect an Apple
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    quantum phone anytime soon now one thing
  • 00:03:02
    that's special about Google's Willow
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    chip is that it's able to find cubits
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    with high error rates and reconfigure
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    them on the Fly therefore reducing the
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    overall error rate and what's especially
  • 00:03:11
    weird is that the error corrected cubits
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    get exponentially better as they get
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    bigger and Willow is the first chip to
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    ever do that another big problem with
  • 00:03:18
    cubits is that they need to be aroused
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    into a state of superp position and can
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    only maintain that state for about 20
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    microc in the past but on Willow they've
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    increased it by five times up to a 100
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    microc that's still not a lot of time
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    but Google's next big milestone is to
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    build a longlived logical Cubit Willow
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    only has 105 cubits but can still
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    perform certain calculations like
  • 00:03:38
    finding the prime factors in a large
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    number much faster than classical
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    computers algorithms like Shores have
  • 00:03:42
    been around since the 9s to do this but
  • 00:03:44
    we've never had the quantum Hardware to
  • 00:03:46
    actually run them in theory when quantum
  • 00:03:48
    computers get to around 2,000 cubits
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    they should be able to break widely used
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    encryption systems like RSA using simple
  • 00:03:54
    Brute Force techniques that would take
  • 00:03:55
    classical computers millions or billions
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    of years currently and what's scary is
  • 00:03:59
    that the Chinese just released their own
  • 00:04:01
    Quantum chip with 504 cubits that's
  • 00:04:03
    impressive but the real thing to watch
  • 00:04:05
    here is the error rate once the error
  • 00:04:07
    rate gets low enough will hit that
  • 00:04:08
    inflection point that allows quantum
  • 00:04:10
    computers to scale up exponentially and
  • 00:04:12
    change the world in unimaginably good
  • 00:04:14
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Tags
  • Quantum Computing
  • Supercomputer
  • El Capitan
  • Google Willow Chip
  • Qubit
  • Encryption
  • Error Correction
  • China Quantum Chip