Sejarah Perkembangan Islam di Andalusia (Spanyol)

00:07:41
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pn9SQD97xtU

Ringkasan

TLDRVideo ini menerangkan tentang perkembangan Islam di Sepanyol dari pemerintahan Umayyad hingga kejatuhan empayar Islam. Terdapat tiga tempoh utama: 1) Tempoh pertama (93-138 H) di mana Sepanyol menjadi provinsi Umayyad; 2) Tempoh kedua (138-315 H) di mana Abdurrahman ad-Dakhil menubuhkan Daulah Umayyad yang bebas; 3) Tempoh ketiga (315-422 H) di mana Abdurrahman an-Nashir mengisytiharkan dirinya sebagai khalifah. Kestabilan politik, pembangunan budaya, dan kemajuan sains di Cordova juga dibincangkan, menunjukkan bagaimana Sepanyol menjadi pusat ilmu pengetahuan dan kebudayaan di Eropah.

Takeaways

  • 📅 Tempoh pemerintahan Islam di Sepanyol lebih dari 7 setengah abad.
  • 🏛️ Tiga tempoh utama dalam perkembangan Islam di Sepanyol.
  • 👑 Abdurrahman ad-Dakhil menubuhkan Daulah Umayyad yang bebas.
  • ⚔️ Kestabilan politik dicapai melalui tentera yang terlatih.
  • 📚 Abdurrahman III menubuhkan banyak universiti dan perpustakaan.
  • 🌍 Perkembangan Islam di Sepanyol memberi impak kepada kebangkitan Renaissance di Eropah.

Garis waktu

  • 00:00:00 - 00:07:41

    Video ini membincangkan perkembangan Islam di Sepanyol dari awal pemerintahan Umayyad hingga kejatuhan empayar Islam terakhir di sana, yang berlangsung lebih dari tujuh setengah abad. Tiga tempoh utama dibentangkan: Pertama, di mana Sepanyol menjadi wilayah dinasti Umayyad dengan ketidakstabilan politik dan banyaknya pergolakan dalaman dan luaran. Kedua, di mana Abdurrahman ad-Dakhil menubuhkan pemerintahan merdeka di Cordova, membina tentera yang kuat dan memajukan seni dan budaya. Ketiga, di mana Abdurrahman an-Nashir mengisytiharkan dirinya sebagai khalifah, memajukan pendidikan dan menjadikan Cordova sebagai pusat ilmu pengetahuan yang menarik pelajar dari pelbagai latar belakang.

Peta Pikiran

Video Tanya Jawab

  • Apa yang dibincangkan dalam video ini?

    Video ini membincangkan perkembangan Islam di Sepanyol dari awal pemerintahan Umayyad hingga kejatuhan empayar Islam terakhir.

  • Berapa lama Islam memerintah di Sepanyol?

    Islam memerintah di Sepanyol selama lebih dari 7 setengah abad.

  • Siapa yang menubuhkan Daulah Umayyad di Sepanyol?

    Abdurrahman ad-Dakhil menubuhkan Daulah Umayyad di Sepanyol.

  • Apa yang dicapai oleh Abdurrahman III?

    Abdurrahman III menubuhkan banyak universiti dan perpustakaan di Andalusia.

  • Apa kesan perkembangan Islam di Sepanyol terhadap Eropah?

    Perkembangan Islam di Sepanyol memberi impak kepada kebangkitan Renaissance di Eropah.

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Gulir Otomatis:
  • 00:00:06
    Don't forget to like and subscribe guys :)
  • 00:00:19
    DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAM IN SPANISH
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    From the time you first ruled Spain until the fall of the last Islamic empire there,
  • 00:00:29
    Islam played a very big role.
  • 00:00:33
    That period lasted more than 7 and a half centuries.
  • 00:00:38
    I divide the Development of Islam in Spain into three Periods.
  • 00:00:42
    The First Period, 93-138 H.
  • 00:00:49
    In which Spain became a province of the Umayyad dynasty centered in Damascus.
  • 00:00:55
    During this time, the Caliph sent his representatives to govern the Provinces of Spain.
  • 00:01:03
    Second Period, 138-315 H.
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    Spain was ruled by an independent Amir.
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    Because the Umayyad dynasty was destroyed by the Abbasids at the Battle of Zab.
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    Started by Amir Abd ar-Rahman ad-Dakhil.
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    Third Period, 315-422 H.
  • 00:01:32
    The period in which Abdurahman an-Nashir declared
  • 00:01:36
    himself to be the caliph of the Umayyad dynasty in Andalusia (Spain).
  • 00:01:43
    The explanation is as follows:
  • 00:01:46
    In the first period, Spain was under the rule of the guardians
  • 00:01:51
    appointed by the Umayyad Caliph
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    based in Damascus.
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    During this period, Spain's political stability had not yet been fully achieved.
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    Various disturbances still occur both from within and from outside.
  • 00:02:09
    From within, for example, differences in political views are the
  • 00:02:13
    cause of frequent civil wars.
  • 00:02:17
    So that Islam in Spain experienced a shock until there was a change of governor 20 times over 45 years,
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    because of the absence of a strong leader who was able to maintain his power
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    for a long period of time.
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    Meanwhile, external disturbances came from the remnants of the enemies of Islam in Spain
  • 00:02:41
    who resided in mountainous areas that had never been subject to Islamic rule.
  • 00:02:49
    They continued to strengthen themselves and after struggling for approximately 500 years,
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    they were finally able to expel Islam from the land of Spain.
  • 00:02:59
    God willing, I will discuss in the next video.
  • 00:03:04
    In the second period, Abduarahman ad-Dakhil founded the Umayyad Daula which had the title of emir,
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    but did not submit to the center of Islamic government
  • 00:03:14
    which at that time was held by the Abbasid dynasty in Baghdad.
  • 00:03:20
    Abduarahman ad-Dakhil or known as Abdurrahman I is a descendant of the Umayyads
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    who managed to escape from the pursuit of the Abbasids,
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    when they succeeded in conquering the Umayyads in Damascus.
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    He made Cordova the center of his government
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    and prepared himself for the rebellion of the local tribal chiefs, =
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    including the attacks of the Abbasid dynasty from Baghdad.
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    Abdurrahman I saw that Andalusian society consisted of various very heterogeneous tribes,
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    namely Mudhariyah, Yamaniyah, Tahiriyah, Barbarian tribes, Muslim and non-Muslim Spaniards and others.
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    To that end, Abdurahman I created a well-organized and well-trained army
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    , consisting of 40,000 mercenaries.
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    He also built a strong navy.
  • 00:04:23
    With a strong and well-trained army, at any time it can be used to crush the rebels,
  • 00:04:29
    so as to create a stable government.
  • 00:04:32
    Thus, during the 32 years of his reign,
  • 00:04:36
    he was able to overcome various threats from within the country as well as attacks from outside enemies.
  • 00:04:45
    Political stability gave Abdurrahman I the opportunity to build Spain.
  • 00:04:50
    Among these, he founded the Great Mosque of Cordoba,
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    which was later completed and enlarged by his successors
  • 00:04:58
    with many and magnificent pillars and a large courtyard.
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    This monumental building, later, converted by Ferdinand III into a Christian church,
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    during the Spanish conquest in 1236, still stands today.
  • 00:05:19
    Abdurrahman I Also made Cordova the most interesting center of science and culture in Europe.
  • 00:05:26
    He developed the literary arts so that many scholars came to his court.
  • 00:05:35
    Abdurrahman I died in 788 AD and was succeeded by his son, Hasyim I.
  • 00:05:44
    While the next ruler, Hakam, was
  • 00:05:47
    known as a reformer in the military field in Spain.
  • 00:05:52
    Meanwhile, Abdurrahman II, Hakam's successor,
  • 00:05:55
    became a ruler who loved science.
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    Philosophical thought has also begun to enter in this second period.
  • 00:06:04
    In the third Period,
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    Spain was ruled by a ruler with the title caliph.
  • 00:06:11
    The use of the title stems from the news that reached Abdurrahman an-Nashir,
  • 00:06:17
    that the Caliph of the Daulah Bani Abbasiyyah in Baghdad, died was killed by his own bodyguard.
  • 00:06:26
    Abdurrahman an-Nashir or better known as Abdurahman III,
  • 00:06:30
    founded many universities in Andalusia,
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    and has 75 libraries that have never been owned by any other country.
  • 00:06:40
    Many students, whether Christian, Jewish or Muslim,
  • 00:06:45
    come to Spain to enter universities in Spain.
  • 00:06:52
    When his son, Hakam II ascended the throne, the
  • 00:06:55
    Muslims of Spain reached the peak of progress and glory to rival the glory of the Abbasid State in Baghdad.
  • 00:07:04
    Hakam II was the ruler of the Umayyad state who perfected Spanish civilization
  • 00:07:10
    and made Cordova shine like a beacon in the darkness of Europe.
  • 00:07:17
    The progress of civilization in Islamic Spain at that time had an impact on the rise of the Western
  • 00:07:23
    world Renaissance in the Middle Ages
  • 00:07:26
    so that it can be said that Spanish Arabic was a teacher for Europe.
  • 00:07:33
    Thank you and
  • 00:07:35
    look forward to the next discussion.
Tags
  • Islam
  • Sepanyol
  • Umayyad
  • Abdurrahman ad-Dakhil
  • Abdurrahman an-Nashir
  • Cordova
  • kebudayaan
  • sains
  • Renaissance
  • sejarah