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when you look at a car you generally
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consider its looks power and torque
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figures
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it's probably safe to assume that most
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of us spend very little time thinking
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about a car's braking ability and
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undoubtedly many of us barely considered
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what a car will do to help in an
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emergency stop you may have seen abs ebd
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or ba mentioned somewhere in a brochure
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or a car advertisement these are all the
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cutting edge car braking technology
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abs known as anti-lock braking system
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ebd is electronic brake force
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distribution system
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and ba known as braking assistance
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almost all of us are aware of such terms
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but only a handful knows what exactly
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they mean and how exactly they
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strengthen the safety department of a
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vehicle
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their functionality is completely
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different from that of the regular
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brakes and these are considered much
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safer for the occupants
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these features are present in a number
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of vehicles from the hatchback sedan
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compact suv and multi-purpose vehicle
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segments of the domestic market
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so let's understand these topics
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differently starting with abs
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as the name implies abs prevents the
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wheels of the car from locking up when
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the car applies the brakes suddenly in
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certain situations
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this type of brake allows the driver to
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have complete control of the car's
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steering when maximum force is applied
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to the brake pedal
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generally when the driver suddenly
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applies brakes to a moving car there is
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a high probability that the wheels will
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get stuck due to the sudden brake force
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and slide on the road
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this happens because the momentum of the
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velocity of the car is carried by it and
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the wheels are unable to convert it into
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rotational motion due to the brakes
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abs or anti-lock braking system is a
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piece of safety equipment that prevents
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the wheels of a vehicle from locking up
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under emergency panic or harsh braking
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conditions
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when braking on wet surfaces during
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rains you tend to depress the brake
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pedal to its full limit and eventually
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end up locking the wheels
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at this point your car starts sliding
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straight without directional control
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the situation becomes worse when all
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this happens uncontrollably
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the loss of grip may result in the
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driver losing control over the steering
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of the vehicle
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this may in turn lead to an accident
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that's where an abs comes to the rescue
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thanks to the latest safety regulations
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nearly all four and two wheelers
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nowadays come with an abs
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the first primitive form of abs was
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developed in the 1920s by french pioneer
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gabriel voison initially to aid braking
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on aircraft
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although it wasn't until the 1970s that
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abs was adapted and introduced to the
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commercial vehicle market on a large
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scale
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the anti-lock braking system has four
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main components
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speed sensors valves pumps and
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controller
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speed sensors monitor how fast the
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wheels are rotating
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valves allow to block and release
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pressure on the brakes
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pumps are filled with hydraulic fluid
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and apply pressure to the brake drums on
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demand the electronic control unit ecu
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is the brain of abs and uses data from
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sensors to determine whether to pump the
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brakes or not
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the speed sensors are located on the
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wheels that monitor the speed of each
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wheel
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when sensors detect that your car's
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tires begin locking up
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the electronic control unit reads the
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signal from each sensor and sends the
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signal to the valves of the respective
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wheel
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then valves rapidly apply and release
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the brakes automatically to keep your
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tires from skidding and helps keep the
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driver in control of the vehicle if
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speed sensors detect that the speed of
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any of the wheel is reducing drastically
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compared to others the ecu sends the
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signal to the valves of the respective
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wheel to reduce the brake pressure and
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the valves get closed
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after this the wheels start to
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accelerate again and the signal is sent
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to the ecu one more time which in turn
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sends the signal to open the valve and
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increase the brake pressure and hence
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brakes are applied
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the cycle repeats itself until the
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application of brakes becomes normal
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so essentially abs works in three stages
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brake pedal is pushed while sensors
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detect skidding or locking abs pumps the
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brakes
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in a car equipped with abs what mostly
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happens is the system applies the brakes
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in small pulses to prevent sudden brake
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locking that is why you can feel
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vibrations and juddering at the brake
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pedal when abs is activated
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when you feel or hear the abs vibrating
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continue to firmly press and hold the
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brake then steer to safety
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if your car doesn't have four-wheel abs
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or the abs is not working
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you'll need to slow your vehicle down as
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much as possible before turning the
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steering wheel
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take your foot off of the accelerator
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pedal and if you're in a manual geared
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car push the clutch down push the brakes
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with as much pressure as you can until
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you can feel your wheels lock then
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release the brakes take your foot off
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the brakes then reapply the brakes this
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replicates the abs braking method abs
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works most effectively when the tires
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are properly inflated and in good
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condition
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common causes of 4 will abs malfunctions
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include worn brake linings and air or
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dirt in the brake fluid
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the primary task of abs is to give the
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driver steering control during hard
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braking not reduce stopping distance as
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is the general misconception
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that said given the right type of road
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in conditions that may prove to be the
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case
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for example on what sealed roads abs
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usually shortens the distance required
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for a stop but on gravel or dirt tracks
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skidding may actually decrease stopping
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distance as the car's tires are able to
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dig into the surface
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besides the abs there is also the ebd
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which stands for electronic brake force
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distribution
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while abs is the overall automotive
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braking technology ebd is just a part of
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the overall system
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however both these elements are equally
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important in reinforcing the safety
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department of the vehicles
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the ebd is responsible for distributing
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the braking power to all wheels of the
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car
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also helps in regulating and applying
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the braking force needed to each will
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according to the road condition
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vehicle's load and its speed
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the ebd ensures how much braking force
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is needed by each wheel and then applies
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the same in order to achieve the most
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suitable braking impact
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for example consider the most common
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scenario in a front engine car front
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wheels carry a heavier load than others
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and will require more brake force in
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order to bring the car to a stop without
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it going out of control
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the extra weight up front increases the
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grip of the front tires while it reduces
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the grip of the rear tires
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this makes the rear tires more likely to
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lock up during braking
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when the rear wheels slip the car can
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begin to fishtail or even go into a spin
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traditionally braking systems included a
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proportioning valve to allocate the
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correct amount of brake force to the
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front and rear tires
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however with abs the proportioning valve
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no longer provides an ideal solution to
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the problem
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ebd is based on the principle that not
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every will needs to put forth the same
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effort into bringing the car to a stop
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that means an ebd system can not only
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detect how much weight is being
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supported by each wheel but change the
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amount of braking power sent to each
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wheel on an instant by instant basis
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when a car slows down its weight shifts
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forward
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in a front engine car this is where the
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ebd comes in
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with ebd and ecu determines the slip
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ratio of each of the tires individually
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if the ecu notices that the rear wheels
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are in danger of slipping it applies
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less force to them while maintaining or
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if necessary increasing the force
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applied to the front wheels
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ebd is also useful when the car is
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braking while driving around a corner
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while turning the outer wheels of the
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car rotate more quickly than the inside
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wheels
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if too much brake force is applied to
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the inner wheels they can lock causing
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the car to oversteer and go out of
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control
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ebd can sense the slippage of the inner
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wheels and reduce the brake force on
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those wheels without reducing the force
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on the outer wheels
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a number of vehicles such as honda
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volkswagen and nissan cars have these
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features as standard
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the same can be inquired through the
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honda or nissan car dealers while
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purchasing the particular models
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an ebd system makes use of three
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components which make it tick
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the speed sensors brake force modulators
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and electronic control unit ecu
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the speed sensor not only calculates the
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speed of the car but it also calculates
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the speed of the engine
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one of the scenarios can be that the
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speed of the wheel might not be the same
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as the speed of the car
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such a situation can lead to the wheel
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skidding
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the speed sensors calculate the slip
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ratio and relay it to ecu
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electronic control unit it is a small
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chip which collects the data from the
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speed sensors in each wheel and uses the
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data to calculate the slip ratio slip
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ratio is the difference between the
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speed of the car and the rotation of the
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tire
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once the slip ratio is determined it
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makes use of the brake force modulators
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to keep the slip ratio within limits
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brake force modulators
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it is the job of these modulators to
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pump brake fluid into the brake lines
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and activate the brake cylinders
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the brake force applied on each will can
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be modulated
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all these three components work in
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tandem and make the ebd work and save
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your day every time you brake hard
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brake assist ba
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is also known as emergency brake assist
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eba is another piece of car braking
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technology
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as the name suggests is responsible to
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assist the driver in emergency stop
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situation
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the braking system will work more
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swiftly when there is sudden braking if
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it is equipped with the ba feature
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this feature aimed at making sure that
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the brakes are applied in case of an
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emergency if the driver is unable to
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respond quickly enough
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this happens a lot that in case of
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sudden braking the driver is not able to
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press the brake pedal fully
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however an average driver isn't actually
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fast enough for a situation like this
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where a millisecond of delay can
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translate to catastrophe
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this is where braking assist steps in
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with brake assist the electronics sense
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the speed and force with which the
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driver pressed on the brake pedal and
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apply additional pressure on the pedal
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for full braking
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a travel sensor attached to the brake
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pedal that allows the brake assist
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system to detect when the driver
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attempts an emergency stop and
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regardless of the amount of pressure
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actually applied it will apply maximum
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braking force until the car is brought
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to a stop
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some more recent braking assistance
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systems can detect a sudden liftoff from
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the gas pedal or receive imminent crash
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warnings from radar or camera guided
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crash detection systems and prime the
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braking system
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that way when the driver slams the
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brakes maximum braking force is
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available immediately
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this system works with the three main
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components accelerator sensor brake
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sensor and electronic control unit
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let's consider an event of normal
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braking
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during such event driver lifts off foot
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from accelerator and presses brake pedal
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the same actions are performed even in
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the case of emergency braking but with
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greater intensity
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ecu measures this intensity with the
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help of inputs from accelerator and
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brake sensors and determines whether
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driver has encountered an emergency
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if it is found that the braking is due
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to an emergency then ecu orders the
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brake booster a component of brake
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system that can control pressure of
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braking to apply more pressure on brakes
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so that vehicle could be brought to a
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stop early
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of course the system takes care that the
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pressure applied is always optimum
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undoubtedly this system is very useful
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in reducing the stopping distances
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during emergencies as it applies optimum
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brake force almost instantly
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also this system has helped saving many
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lives by avoiding accidents
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mercedes-benz is the first manufacturer
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to offer this system as a standard
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feature on all its vehicles since year
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1998
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so what do you think about these braking
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systems are they good what braking
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system do you drive a car with tell me
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in the comments
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did you know that there are many
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different types of tires available which
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differ according to the season
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watch this video and find out which
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tires are best for your car
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[Music]
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you
