Filsafat Pendidikan || ALIRAN IDEALISME PENDIDIKAN

The video introduces the course on philosophy of education, focusing on the philosophical school of idealism. The speaker outlines five objectives for the video, including explaining principles of idealism in education, examining contributions of key idealists, practical implications of idealism in education, addressing criticisms, and reflecting on its relevance in contemporary education, particularly in Indonesia. Idealism as described here considers ideas as the ultimate reality and essential for understanding life.

In idealistic philosophy, the universe is viewed as non-material, and material things are merely ideas or abstractions. For idealists, knowledge does not rely on sensory experience but rather comes from active mental processes and intuition, which help in understanding spiritual truths. Truth can also be known through reason, requiring logical consistency in one's thoughts.

Idealists believe that values are inherent in the universe's structure and are eternal, including truth, beauty, and goodness. Education aims to develop the mind and self of learners, making education necessary both spiritually and socially. Schools should focus on intellectual, moral, aesthetic activities, self-realization, freedom, individual responsibility, and self-regulation.

The process of education in idealism is about uncovering potential and supporting discovery. Teachers are moral and cultural models facilitating searching for truth residing in students' minds. Education is about personal growth, creativity, freedom, and introspection, emphasizing truth, beauty, and goodness as educational goals.

The principles of idealism in education propose a dual reality: the material and the spiritual, with the spiritual being the realm of universal reason. Humanity is seen as inherently spiritual, striving to develop spiritual qualities. The human mind is central to reality, appealing for introspective and spiritual growth.

Universal ideas and values are prioritized over material things. Recognized are enduring truths like moral goodness, beauty, and a unified reality transcending material differences. They emphasize character and personal development, nurturing individuals to their fullest potential.

Significant figures like Plato highlighted the reality of ideas over material forms, while Kant's transcendental idealism proposed that the mind shapes experiences and knowledge. Hegel's dialectical idealism emphasized critical thinking through contradiction and synthesis, promoting history and cultural appreciation as vital in education.

Practical implications in education stress intellectual development and critical thinking, with student-centered learning, integration of liberal arts, and morality. Aesthetic appreciation and classroom discourse are encouraged to develop creativity and empathy.

Education should connect to real-life applications, ethical classrooms, and support spiritual growth. The aim is to foster character with enduring values like honesty, justice, and empathy. The curriculum must integrate religious, moral, scientific, and cultural aspects, viewing teachers as guides, not just knowledge providers.