Analyzing Property Companies' FS

00:37:14
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hlsIhZL61UI

Sintesi

TLDRThe lecture provides an in-depth discussion on the financial statements of property companies, focusing on key balance sheet accounts like accounts receivable, inventories, and investment properties. It covers revenue recognition methods such as accrual and the percentage of completion method, often used for long-term projects like condominium construction. The speaker emphasizes the importance of matching investing and financing activities, highlighting that long-term financing, preferably equity, should be prioritized to avoid liquidity issues. There's a detailed examination of how different companies classify land held for future development, either as non-current or current assets, underlining the implication for liquidity analysis if accounts receivable extend beyond a year. Various financial ratios, including capital structure and liquidity ratios, are discussed to help analyze such companies. Case studies on businesses like Ayala Land illustrate their balance sheet compositions and revenue strategies, including a focus on investment properties and rent incomes. Finally, attention is given to the accounting practices and their liquidity and profitability impacts on property firms.

Punti di forza

  • πŸ“„ Understanding property companies' financial statements involves recognizing key balance sheet items like accounts receivable and inventories.
  • πŸ—οΈ Projects with long completion times, such as condos, often use the percentage of completion revenue recognition method.
  • βš–οΈ Matching financing activities with project timelines is crucial to avoid liquidity issues.
  • πŸ“Š Financial ratios, including capital structure and liquidity, offer insights into a company's financial health.
  • 🏒 The classification of future land developments varies, impacting liquidity assessments.
  • πŸ’° Equity financing is often preferred over debt to minimize liquidity risks.
  • πŸ“ˆ Revenue from investment properties, like Ayala Land's, significantly impacts financial strategy.
  • πŸ” Analyzing liquidity involves understanding the maturity profile of liabilities and asset classifications.
  • 🏦 Long-term receivables impact financial analysis and should be considered separately in liquidity ratios.
  • πŸ“‰ Monitoring interest-bearing liabilities helps manage potential cash flow challenges.

Linea temporale

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The session introduces the topic of analyzing financial statements of property companies, starting with balance sheet items such as accounts receivable, inventories, and investment properties. It also touches on revenue recognition policies and the importance of matching investing and financing activities for real estate projects. The discussion emphasizes the uniqueness of financial practices in property companies compared to other sectors.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    Discussion of Ayala Land's financial statements reveals key elements such as investment properties and a breakdown of liabilities and equity. The company uses significant debt financing, highlighting the importance of monitoring financial ratios and accounts receivable, which may exceed a year, unlike many industries.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    There's a detailed analysis of classifying inventories, particularly land held for future development. Recent rules allow variability in classification as either current or non-current assets, affecting liquidity assessments. The discussion includes practices for managing in-house and bank financing and how they affect property companies' receivables strategy.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    Discussion on financing methods for property companies explores in-house financing options versus bank connections for clients. The lecture highlights classification practices of inventories, especially for investment properties and emphasizes conservative assessment of liquidity positions due to generous credit terms.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:25:00

    Revenue recognition practices across property firms are explored. The percentage of completion method is commonly used, adhering to specific IFRS rules. The method handles unfinished projects allowing step-by-step revenue recognition, crucial for pre-sold properties. The installment method is less preferred due to implications on clients’ creditworthiness.

  • 00:25:00 - 00:30:00

    Further exploration of revenue policies from Ayala Corp confirms use of percentage of completion aligned with IFRS rules, emphasizing contractual specifications and enforceable rights for performance payments. This highlights how strict compliance allows companies to justify revenue recognition even before full project completion.

  • 00:30:00 - 00:37:14

    The lecture concludes with insights on financial ratios critical for property companies, such as capital structure and liquidity ratios, stressing distinction between interest-bearing and non-interest liabilities. The course reiterates careful analysis of investment properties and prepares students to evaluate financial health in property sectors, ensuring proper asset classifications and liquidity evaluations.

Mostra di piΓΉ

Mappa mentale

Video Domande e Risposte

  • What are the key aspects discussed in the video about property companies' financial statements?

    The video covers important balance sheet accounts, revenue recognition methods like accrual and percentage of completion, importance of matching investing and financing activities, and key financial ratios.

  • How do property companies recognize revenue for unfinished projects?

    They use the percentage of completion method, as long as certain conditions from IFRS 15 are met, such as having no alternative uses for the asset and an enforceable right to payment for work completed to date.

  • What is the significance of matching investing and financing activities?

    It is critical to ensure that long-term projects are financed through long-term sources to minimize liquidity problems, especially should economic conditions worsen.

  • How are accounts receivable classified in property companies?

    Accounts receivable can often be classified as long-term if they are expected to be collected beyond one year, which is not unusual for property companies.

  • What are the potential classifications for land held for development?

    Land held for future development can be classified either as part of non-current assets or as current assets, depending on company practices and recent rules.

  • Why might a property company prefer equity financing over debt?

    Equity financing is less risky in terms of liquidity problems compared to debt, which requires periodic payments even before the project starts generating cash inflows.

  • What are some financial ratios important for property companies?

    Important ratios include the capital structure, long-term financing ratios, liquidity ratios, and profitability ratios specific to rent income and property value.

  • How do companies handle long-term receivables for liquidity analysis?

    Long-term receivables should be excluded from current assets in liquidity ratios since they might not be converted to cash within a year.

  • Why are allowance accounts significant for property companies?

    They determine how much of the receivables will realistically be collected, affecting the net accounts receivable presented on financial statements.

  • What might impact the liquidity position of a property company?

    The classification of current and non-current assets, especially inventories and receivables, as well as the maturity of liabilities, significantly affects liquidity.

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Scorrimento automatico:
  • 00:00:06
    hi class good evening um tonight we're
  • 00:00:09
    going to uh discuss uh uh the financial
  • 00:00:13
    statements of uh property
  • 00:00:16
    companies
  • 00:00:22
    um okay so um we will be discussing the
  • 00:00:25
    financial statements of uh real estate
  • 00:00:28
    companies or property companies and this
  • 00:00:30
    is the presentation outline so we'll
  • 00:00:34
    discuss some of the more important
  • 00:00:35
    balance sheet accounts and this will
  • 00:00:38
    include uh accounts receivable
  • 00:00:41
    inventories investment properties okay
  • 00:00:45
    and um I'll talk about the revenue
  • 00:00:48
    recognition policies of property
  • 00:00:50
    companies and uh aside from the approval
  • 00:00:53
    method uh property companies can also
  • 00:00:55
    use the percentage of completion
  • 00:00:58
    methods um completion method especially
  • 00:01:01
    for uh projects that
  • 00:01:03
    are um that take time actually to
  • 00:01:08
    complete like for example uh
  • 00:01:11
    construction of
  • 00:01:13
    Condominiums um WEA office condominiums
  • 00:01:17
    or uh uh residential Condominiums and
  • 00:01:22
    even also for um development of uh real
  • 00:01:26
    estate uh products like uh let's say uh
  • 00:01:30
    Lots or house and lots all right and
  • 00:01:34
    then I'll talk about the importance of
  • 00:01:35
    matching investing and financing
  • 00:01:37
    activities uh I have already emphasized
  • 00:01:40
    this in um some of our previous
  • 00:01:43
    discussions but maybe it's even more
  • 00:01:45
    critical for for property for property
  • 00:01:48
    companies and then how do we account for
  • 00:01:51
    um real estate for sale and land health
  • 00:01:54
    for future development um you will see
  • 00:01:56
    later on when I I discuss uh the
  • 00:01:59
    financial statements of some property
  • 00:02:01
    companies um probably will have some
  • 00:02:05
    idea as to how uh uh the accounting
  • 00:02:09
    sometimes can valy from one company to
  • 00:02:11
    another
  • 00:02:13
    okay and then how do you classify
  • 00:02:15
    accounts receivable the reason why this
  • 00:02:16
    is important is because unlike other
  • 00:02:19
    operations um for property
  • 00:02:22
    companies um It's Not Unusual to have
  • 00:02:25
    accounts receivable that uh that are
  • 00:02:28
    Beyond one year and in that case how do
  • 00:02:31
    you classify accounts receivable that
  • 00:02:33
    are uh expected to be collected Beyond
  • 00:02:36
    one year okay and then of course how do
  • 00:02:39
    you account for investment properties we
  • 00:02:41
    have already covered this in the in the
  • 00:02:44
    previous
  • 00:02:45
    sessions uh maybe I just need to
  • 00:02:47
    emphasize to you again um how to account
  • 00:02:50
    for investment properties and then of
  • 00:02:52
    course we'll talk about profitability
  • 00:02:55
    and liquidity ratios that you know that
  • 00:02:57
    you use for property companies
  • 00:03:01
    okay so here is an example of uh well uh
  • 00:03:07
    this is the asset section of uh ayalaan
  • 00:03:11
    financial
  • 00:03:12
    statements and take note um as of
  • 00:03:15
    December 31 2023 the company has more
  • 00:03:18
    than 846 billion in total assets and if
  • 00:03:23
    you look at the big ticket items what
  • 00:03:25
    are the big ticket items that you will
  • 00:03:27
    observe well you have investment
  • 00:03:28
    properties which I guess is the biggest
  • 00:03:31
    followed by your
  • 00:03:33
    inventories and then I think your
  • 00:03:35
    accounts and notes receivable and take
  • 00:03:38
    note um the company has shortterm
  • 00:03:41
    accounts and not receivable but it also
  • 00:03:44
    has long-term or non-current accounts
  • 00:03:48
    and notes receivable okay uh as I was
  • 00:03:51
    saying before um it's uh normal for a
  • 00:03:54
    property company to have receivables
  • 00:03:56
    that are expected to be collected Beyond
  • 00:03:59
    a
  • 00:04:01
    here okay and then let's take a look at
  • 00:04:04
    the uh liabilities and Equity section of
  • 00:04:07
    a alance it has more than 840 billion in
  • 00:04:10
    total assets so how much of that are
  • 00:04:12
    financed by Equity so uh 319 billion so
  • 00:04:18
    I guess the if you look at the the
  • 00:04:20
    breakdown of the uh sources of financing
  • 00:04:24
    it looks like the company is biased
  • 00:04:27
    towards uh debt financing
  • 00:04:30
    okay and then later on we will discuss
  • 00:04:33
    um what are some of the financial ratios
  • 00:04:36
    that you have to monitor in actually uh
  • 00:04:39
    analyzing the financial statements of
  • 00:04:42
    property companies
  • 00:04:45
    okay so let's proceed with
  • 00:04:48
    the
  • 00:04:52
    discussion
  • 00:04:54
    uh yeah if you look at aaland um
  • 00:05:00
    it has um a total of 163
  • 00:05:05
    billion here well a total of after 166
  • 00:05:09
    billion or 100 almost 167 billion
  • 00:05:12
    accounts receivable in
  • 00:05:14
    2 uh 23
  • 00:05:17
    2023 uh it has uh allowance for that
  • 00:05:20
    full account
  • 00:05:22
    so um and then you have what you have
  • 00:05:25
    allowance for well you have allowance
  • 00:05:28
    for impairment of about 2.8 billion and
  • 00:05:31
    so you have uh a total of 164 billion
  • 00:05:36
    net of allowance and then out of that
  • 00:05:40
    164 billion 105 billion is current and
  • 00:05:45
    this is the one that we have shown to
  • 00:05:46
    you a while ago the non-current portion
  • 00:05:49
    which is presented as part of the uh
  • 00:05:52
    non-current asset of the company okay
  • 00:05:58
    [Music]
  • 00:06:07
    now another item that I think is worth
  • 00:06:10
    um analyzing for um property companies
  • 00:06:14
    is um uh their inventories okay um the
  • 00:06:19
    reason why I am emphasizing this is
  • 00:06:21
    because
  • 00:06:25
    um property companies have um
  • 00:06:30
    well if you look at the business of the
  • 00:06:32
    company they can have shortterm and
  • 00:06:35
    long-term inventories okay um short-term
  • 00:06:39
    inventories are those inventories that
  • 00:06:41
    are already um developed and they're
  • 00:06:44
    being sold and then of course those that
  • 00:06:46
    are being developed
  • 00:06:49
    okay what about land for land for or
  • 00:06:52
    land held for future development how
  • 00:06:54
    should you classify them um in the past
  • 00:06:58
    um I have observed that property
  • 00:07:01
    companies uh classify land held for
  • 00:07:04
    future development normally as part of
  • 00:07:06
    the non-current asset and I think that's
  • 00:07:09
    how it should be it's like a non-current
  • 00:07:11
    inventory but um a more recent rule
  • 00:07:15
    actually came up um I'm not so
  • 00:07:17
    particular about the rule but um uh
  • 00:07:21
    after the trule was uh issued I have
  • 00:07:25
    observed that companies now have
  • 00:07:26
    different ways of presenting land held
  • 00:07:29
    for future development some put them as
  • 00:07:31
    part of the uh inventories uh classified
  • 00:07:35
    as current assets but there are some
  • 00:07:37
    companies that classify them as
  • 00:07:39
    non-current assets and make them part of
  • 00:07:41
    their investment properties
  • 00:07:45
    okay so I I guess that's very important
  • 00:07:49
    uh to note if you were an analyst of uh
  • 00:07:55
    property companies because uh land held
  • 00:07:58
    for future develop M may take years
  • 00:08:00
    before they become cash and so therefore
  • 00:08:05
    uh if you're Computing uh the liquidity
  • 00:08:08
    position of a property company and some
  • 00:08:10
    of these
  • 00:08:11
    inventories are actually not yet being
  • 00:08:15
    developed or not yet developed um I
  • 00:08:18
    suggest that you do some
  • 00:08:20
    reclassification okay you have to make
  • 00:08:22
    some
  • 00:08:23
    adjustments um because if you don't then
  • 00:08:27
    I think you are andly overstating the
  • 00:08:31
    liquidity position of that of the
  • 00:08:34
    property
  • 00:08:35
    company um remember those uh inventories
  • 00:08:39
    may take some time before uh they can be
  • 00:08:42
    converted into Cash even if you sell
  • 00:08:44
    them already right because normally for
  • 00:08:46
    property companies um very generous
  • 00:08:48
    credit terms are provided to to
  • 00:08:51
    customers um but even those that are
  • 00:08:54
    being developed um those that are um the
  • 00:08:58
    inventories that are being
  • 00:09:00
    pre-old um it may take you actually for
  • 00:09:03
    property developers to uh to put them up
  • 00:09:06
    before they can be turn over to their
  • 00:09:09
    customers um
  • 00:09:12
    but
  • 00:09:13
    um once they are turn over uh sometimes
  • 00:09:17
    the property developers connect them to
  • 00:09:20
    uh Bank financing uh for me that's a
  • 00:09:23
    very good way of cashing in on your uh
  • 00:09:26
    production if you're a property
  • 00:09:28
    developer but we have to admit it that
  • 00:09:32
    uh the interest income generated from
  • 00:09:35
    in-house financing can also be
  • 00:09:37
    attractive right because
  • 00:09:40
    uh um property developers can charge
  • 00:09:43
    relatively higher interest rates um for
  • 00:09:48
    uh uh this
  • 00:09:51
    receivables and if you compare that to
  • 00:09:53
    the um to the cost of borrowing from the
  • 00:09:57
    banks normally there's a big spread okay
  • 00:10:01
    uh so so some companies actually do
  • 00:10:04
    in-house financing and that's why you
  • 00:10:06
    have those long-term accounts
  • 00:10:10
    receivable um but other developers
  • 00:10:13
    actually to the extent possible they um
  • 00:10:17
    actually uh connect their customers to
  • 00:10:20
    to bank financing because uh lending is
  • 00:10:23
    not their business actually right I mean
  • 00:10:25
    it's to develop properties okay um so
  • 00:10:29
    that's you know those are some of the uh
  • 00:10:33
    practices
  • 00:10:35
    okay anyway if you look at the uh this
  • 00:10:39
    is aala land um if you look at the
  • 00:10:41
    movements of the
  • 00:10:43
    inventories uh just take note that
  • 00:10:47
    um here there are transfers from
  • 00:10:51
    investment
  • 00:10:52
    properties um and the reason is uh I
  • 00:10:56
    think in the case of aala land the class
  • 00:10:59
    CL ify their land heeld for future
  • 00:11:01
    development as part of their investment
  • 00:11:03
    properties and by the way investment
  • 00:11:05
    properties are classified as noncurrent
  • 00:11:07
    asset um is that a correct
  • 00:11:10
    classification well I'd like to believe
  • 00:11:12
    so okay at least the uh those land held
  • 00:11:16
    for future development are classified as
  • 00:11:18
    part of the non-current asset and not
  • 00:11:20
    part of the current assets for me that's
  • 00:11:22
    how it should that's how they should be
  • 00:11:24
    classified okay um do I find anything
  • 00:11:28
    wrong with comp companies that classify
  • 00:11:30
    their uh inventories as part of the uh
  • 00:11:33
    current assets well strictly speaking if
  • 00:11:36
    you follow the definition of current
  • 00:11:38
    assets that those assets that are
  • 00:11:40
    expected to be converted into cash
  • 00:11:42
    within one year or the normal operating
  • 00:11:44
    cycle I think that normal operating
  • 00:11:47
    cycle actually um can justify the
  • 00:11:50
    classification of land held for future
  • 00:11:53
    development as current assets but again
  • 00:11:55
    as I said um if you're analyzing ay
  • 00:11:59
    company and especially for determining
  • 00:12:01
    their liquidity position it's better to
  • 00:12:04
    actually be more conservative in your
  • 00:12:06
    approach and for me um I'd rather
  • 00:12:08
    classify those land held for future
  • 00:12:10
    development as part of the non-current
  • 00:12:12
    assets where whether they are part of
  • 00:12:14
    the investment properties or their
  • 00:12:17
    Standalone account and as inventories in
  • 00:12:19
    the balance sheet uh um let's say leld
  • 00:12:23
    for future development I I don't really
  • 00:12:25
    mind okay but for me it's the
  • 00:12:27
    classification that matters whether it
  • 00:12:28
    is SC
  • 00:12:29
    or noncurrent
  • 00:12:37
    okay um in the case of um uh megawood
  • 00:12:41
    and the reason why I have to show it
  • 00:12:44
    here um in the case of meal I think they
  • 00:12:47
    classify the um land heeld for future
  • 00:12:51
    development as part of the of the
  • 00:12:53
    current asset so again this is an
  • 00:12:55
    alternative way presenting your uh uh
  • 00:13:00
    inventories
  • 00:13:02
    um again as I said uh is there anything
  • 00:13:05
    wrong with this presentation I think the
  • 00:13:06
    company is not uh violating any uh
  • 00:13:10
    accounting principle in classifying it
  • 00:13:13
    as such okay uh although if I were to
  • 00:13:17
    again analyze this company I will
  • 00:13:19
    reclassify this Rand inventory as part
  • 00:13:22
    of the nard asset I mean if especially
  • 00:13:24
    if I'm Computing for the liquidity
  • 00:13:26
    position of the company okay for reason
  • 00:13:29
    that I have already uh previously
  • 00:13:32
    stated
  • 00:13:34
    okay um in the case of
  • 00:13:37
    um ayalaan if you remember this is the
  • 00:13:41
    biggest balance sheet item in the um in
  • 00:13:45
    the assets okay well the the biggest
  • 00:13:49
    asset in the uh uh among the assets of a
  • 00:13:53
    land and here is the breakdown okay um
  • 00:13:57
    bul of it are actually which is the
  • 00:13:59
    biggest the biggest is buildings look at
  • 00:14:02
    that okay and then followed by your Rand
  • 00:14:07
    this month and then you have your
  • 00:14:09
    Construction in progress and the company
  • 00:14:11
    has a lot of construction in progress
  • 00:14:14
    okay so um focus on these items if you
  • 00:14:18
    want the the amounts
  • 00:14:21
    okay and I'm not surprised if ayad land
  • 00:14:24
    has uh a lot of this uh investment
  • 00:14:27
    properties because
  • 00:14:29
    uh I think the company uh also generates
  • 00:14:33
    a lot a lot of rent income from their
  • 00:14:37
    from this investment
  • 00:14:39
    properties um I think if you look at
  • 00:14:42
    their total
  • 00:14:45
    revenues
  • 00:14:47
    um I think about at least 20% I think 20
  • 00:14:52
    25% or probably even more uh of their
  • 00:14:56
    total revenues actually come from rent
  • 00:14:58
    BAS income the biggest I believe is uh
  • 00:15:01
    SM Prime Holdings I think in the case in
  • 00:15:04
    the case of SM Prime um I think 60 to
  • 00:15:07
    65% of the revenues come from uh rent
  • 00:15:10
    income okay so
  • 00:15:16
    anyway uh let's
  • 00:15:20
    continue so as regards the revenue
  • 00:15:22
    recognition policies um again uh if the
  • 00:15:27
    product the real estate product is
  • 00:15:29
    completed
  • 00:15:31
    um then the company can use the acral
  • 00:15:34
    method of recognizing
  • 00:15:37
    revenues
  • 00:15:40
    okay uh if the product is not yet
  • 00:15:43
    completed is the company allowed to use
  • 00:15:45
    a percentage of completion method uh
  • 00:15:48
    actually yes okay and this is based on
  • 00:15:51
    paragraph 35 Point C of IFRS 15 okay uh
  • 00:15:57
    I think in the in the next slide I think
  • 00:16:00
    I'm going to discuss with you briefly
  • 00:16:02
    what are these provisions of IFR S15
  • 00:16:06
    okay the installment method is it
  • 00:16:08
    allowed to be used by property companies
  • 00:16:10
    well strictly speaking yes okay um but
  • 00:16:14
    normally companies use this when there
  • 00:16:17
    are uncertainties regarding Collections
  • 00:16:21
    and uh I'm wondering if there's going to
  • 00:16:25
    be any property company that will use
  • 00:16:27
    this installment method you know why
  • 00:16:30
    because if you use the installment
  • 00:16:31
    method you are making an
  • 00:16:34
    admission that
  • 00:16:36
    [Music]
  • 00:16:38
    um the customers that you are dealing
  • 00:16:40
    with have uh issues on their paying
  • 00:16:44
    capacity right and I don't think any
  • 00:16:47
    property company will uh accept that
  • 00:16:51
    publicly okay
  • 00:16:54
    so I'd like to believe that they're
  • 00:16:56
    going to use either the well you will
  • 00:16:59
    use acal method definitely for projects
  • 00:17:01
    that are already complete and the
  • 00:17:03
    percentage of completion method for as
  • 00:17:06
    uh for units that are that are pre-
  • 00:17:09
    solved okay so of course it only applies
  • 00:17:12
    to pre-s solved units
  • 00:17:14
    okay so these are the provisions of
  • 00:17:17
    paragraph 35 of IFRS 15 um so these are
  • 00:17:23
    the conditions okay for the uh
  • 00:17:26
    percentage of completion method to VI so
  • 00:17:28
    it say and entity transfers control of a
  • 00:17:30
    good or service over time and therefore
  • 00:17:33
    satisfies a performance obligation and
  • 00:17:35
    recognizes Revenue over time if one of
  • 00:17:37
    the following criteria is met so all of
  • 00:17:40
    these conditions must be
  • 00:17:42
    satisfied uh number one the cumer
  • 00:17:45
    simultaneously receives and consumes the
  • 00:17:47
    benefits provided by the entity's
  • 00:17:49
    performance as the entity performs um
  • 00:17:52
    actually this one is questionable this
  • 00:17:54
    part okay uh because if you're buying a
  • 00:17:59
    PR unit you don't actually get benefits
  • 00:18:02
    right from the unit itself because
  • 00:18:03
    you're not yet allowed to use it it's
  • 00:18:05
    being constructed right uh the only um
  • 00:18:09
    benefit that I can site here is that
  • 00:18:13
    um as the unit is being developed uh the
  • 00:18:18
    value increases assuming of course that
  • 00:18:20
    the value is increasing I'd like to
  • 00:18:22
    believe it should be right for me that's
  • 00:18:25
    the I mean if you want to um to explain
  • 00:18:28
    in each of these
  • 00:18:30
    Provisions uh well I think that's one of
  • 00:18:33
    the uh arguments that can be cited
  • 00:18:36
    okay second one
  • 00:18:38
    [Music]
  • 00:18:40
    um the entity's performance creates or
  • 00:18:46
    enhances uh that the customers uh well
  • 00:18:51
    this is for work in progress uh enhances
  • 00:18:54
    an asset that the customer controls as
  • 00:18:56
    the asset is created or enhanced
  • 00:18:59
    okay
  • 00:19:01
    uh again just like what I said
  • 00:19:03
    previously
  • 00:19:05
    uh the one who controls the asset
  • 00:19:07
    actually as it is being constructed is
  • 00:19:09
    the developer right but for me uh the
  • 00:19:12
    only
  • 00:19:15
    um
  • 00:19:17
    ah you not all of the conditions have
  • 00:19:20
    need to be satisfied only one is another
  • 00:19:23
    yes if one of the following criteria is
  • 00:19:26
    met okay so I I guess as regards the
  • 00:19:29
    benefit yeah um you can assume that as
  • 00:19:33
    the unit is being constructed the value
  • 00:19:35
    is being enhanced okay I think I think
  • 00:19:38
    for me the biggest um the biggest
  • 00:19:41
    argument is this one the entity's
  • 00:19:43
    performance does not create an asset
  • 00:19:45
    with an alternative use and the entity
  • 00:19:47
    has an enforcable right to payment for
  • 00:19:50
    performance uh completed to date for me
  • 00:19:53
    this is the biggest for me this is the
  • 00:19:55
    best argument okay because if let's say
  • 00:19:58
    you are Buy buing a residential unit um
  • 00:20:01
    it it has to be always a residential
  • 00:20:03
    unit right it cannot be a commercial
  • 00:20:05
    unit right
  • 00:20:07
    so so I guess this is the uh biggest
  • 00:20:11
    argument for the use of completion
  • 00:20:13
    method and as I said uh there should be
  • 00:20:15
    no other alternative use for that unit
  • 00:20:17
    that is being put up okay I think the
  • 00:20:22
    others it's hard
  • 00:20:25
    to can be hard to well they can be ch
  • 00:20:28
    chenge I in the first and the second one
  • 00:20:31
    okay but the third one I think is is
  • 00:20:33
    more like it
  • 00:20:35
    okay let's take a look at the revenue
  • 00:20:37
    recognition policy of aala Corp this is
  • 00:20:40
    an excerpt okay from
  • 00:20:45
    um from its own
  • 00:20:48
    um uh Financial from from its no to
  • 00:20:51
    financial statements let's just see if
  • 00:20:53
    you know
  • 00:20:54
    um um they use some of the arguments we
  • 00:20:58
    we previously uh discussed
  • 00:21:01
    okay in the previous slide
  • 00:21:07
    okay let says here the group concluded
  • 00:21:10
    that revenues for real estate sales is
  • 00:21:12
    to be
  • 00:21:15
    recognized over time because letter
  • 00:21:18
    A the group's performance does not
  • 00:21:21
    create an asset with an alternative use
  • 00:21:23
    uh I I think this is basically the last
  • 00:21:25
    argument in in in in the in the previous
  • 00:21:27
    slide that we that I just discussed
  • 00:21:30
    right and then this one the group has an
  • 00:21:33
    enforceable right for performance
  • 00:21:35
    completed to date meaning to say the
  • 00:21:37
    developer can collect right from the
  • 00:21:40
    from the buyer based on the um
  • 00:21:43
    performance
  • 00:21:44
    um done okay and then the promised
  • 00:21:48
    property this one the promised property
  • 00:21:50
    is specifically identified in the
  • 00:21:52
    contract and the contractual restriction
  • 00:21:55
    of the group's ability to do uh to
  • 00:21:57
    direct the promised property for another
  • 00:22:00
    use is substantive okay so that means
  • 00:22:04
    there there's really no alternative use
  • 00:22:05
    for the for the property right this is
  • 00:22:08
    because the property promised to the
  • 00:22:10
    customer is not interchangeable so take
  • 00:22:13
    note of this one with other properties
  • 00:22:15
    without breaching the contract and
  • 00:22:17
    without incurring significant cost that
  • 00:22:19
    otherwise would not have been incurred
  • 00:22:21
    in relation to that
  • 00:22:24
    contract and then in addition take note
  • 00:22:27
    of this in addition under the current
  • 00:22:30
    legal framework the customer is
  • 00:22:31
    contractually obliged to make payments
  • 00:22:33
    to the developer after the performance
  • 00:22:36
    completed to dat and for me I think
  • 00:22:38
    those are the major arguments okay which
  • 00:22:41
    basically are consistent with the
  • 00:22:44
    requirements this one that I have just
  • 00:22:47
    uh uh discussed all
  • 00:22:53
    right and then for the um matching of
  • 00:22:57
    investing and financing activities this
  • 00:22:59
    um well I guess if your uh business is
  • 00:23:02
    small retail based like uh SM Prime
  • 00:23:06
    where you have all of these malls
  • 00:23:08
    [Music]
  • 00:23:09
    um the cash flows from rent income is
  • 00:23:13
    very is very
  • 00:23:15
    stable and um so therefore I think if
  • 00:23:19
    you have
  • 00:23:22
    uh well bulk of your income comes from
  • 00:23:25
    rent income um this company can afford
  • 00:23:29
    to have
  • 00:23:31
    um higher debt ratio okay
  • 00:23:35
    um but only because I think I uh SM
  • 00:23:39
    Prime is already a going concern company
  • 00:23:42
    I mean it has already a lot of Ms that
  • 00:23:44
    are already operating and of course are
  • 00:23:46
    considered cash cows but if let's say
  • 00:23:49
    this is the first mold that you are
  • 00:23:50
    putting up and uh you have no other cash
  • 00:23:54
    flows yet uh from your existing
  • 00:23:57
    operations
  • 00:23:59
    um I believe that uh all the more that
  • 00:24:02
    the company should uh uh have long-term
  • 00:24:07
    sources of financing and probably not
  • 00:24:10
    just a long-term source source but
  • 00:24:12
    probably more an equity financing okay
  • 00:24:16
    uh of course if you are um starting um
  • 00:24:21
    but uh for other uh property companies
  • 00:24:24
    that are more engaged in uh high-r uh or
  • 00:24:28
    vertical development projects like
  • 00:24:30
    putting up all this
  • 00:24:31
    Condominiums uh residential Condominiums
  • 00:24:34
    these are relatively more risky
  • 00:24:37
    undertakings and
  • 00:24:39
    um I'd like to believe that you know uh
  • 00:24:42
    if you want to minimize potential
  • 00:24:43
    liquidity problems in the
  • 00:24:45
    future uh this company should be more
  • 00:24:48
    financed by um well long-term sources
  • 00:24:53
    and personally I will be biased towards
  • 00:24:56
    um Equity financing I'm not saying
  • 00:24:58
    you're not going to borrow uh loan uh
  • 00:25:01
    long-term debt but uh uh for me the bias
  • 00:25:05
    is just on an equity
  • 00:25:07
    financing
  • 00:25:09
    um
  • 00:25:11
    okay again the reason for that is um uh
  • 00:25:15
    if you want to minimize uh potential
  • 00:25:18
    liquidity problems okay uh because even
  • 00:25:21
    if let's say your loan is longterm there
  • 00:25:24
    are periodic payments that need to be
  • 00:25:26
    made right I mean not many banks will
  • 00:25:29
    actually provide long-term loans with
  • 00:25:32
    simply balloon payments at the end of
  • 00:25:34
    the tener of the loan like for example
  • 00:25:36
    if let's say the loan is five
  • 00:25:38
    years
  • 00:25:40
    um I I'm not sure if banks are willing
  • 00:25:42
    to have uh all the principal payments
  • 00:25:45
    only in year five normally they require
  • 00:25:49
    uh periodic payments periodic
  • 00:25:51
    amortizations that uh include both the
  • 00:25:54
    principal payment and the and the
  • 00:25:55
    interest payment so if let's say don't
  • 00:25:58
    have any cash inflows yet or very
  • 00:26:00
    limited cash uh inflows from the project
  • 00:26:03
    and you
  • 00:26:04
    borrow heavily to finance a construction
  • 00:26:08
    um and let's say something goes wrong
  • 00:26:11
    with the economy let's say there's a
  • 00:26:13
    recession I do not know what will happen
  • 00:26:15
    to your uh debt services and where will
  • 00:26:18
    you get the money actually to pay for
  • 00:26:21
    the amortization of the loans
  • 00:26:24
    okay all right again here um
  • 00:26:29
    if you
  • 00:26:30
    [Music]
  • 00:26:33
    um if you want to find out uh let's say
  • 00:26:37
    you're analyzing the financial
  • 00:26:39
    statements of a property company and you
  • 00:26:40
    want to have more details about the
  • 00:26:43
    breakdown of the loan and the maturity
  • 00:26:45
    profile you can look at them at the
  • 00:26:47
    notes the financial statements normally
  • 00:26:50
    uh uh property companies um provide
  • 00:26:54
    disclosures on this okay
  • 00:27:00
    um I I I just put back here the uh
  • 00:27:04
    financing sources of aad I will just see
  • 00:27:07
    how much of them are interest
  • 00:27:11
    bearing
  • 00:27:13
    um this one is interest bearing
  • 00:27:18
    right then the shortterm Deb
  • 00:27:21
    [Music]
  • 00:27:23
    okay and then um long-term debt you have
  • 00:27:27
    to 122 billion net of the current
  • 00:27:31
    portion so if you look at Ayala land as
  • 00:27:34
    of December 31
  • 00:27:36
    2023 what are the long-term well what
  • 00:27:39
    are the debt interest bearing
  • 00:27:41
    liabilities or interest bearing
  • 00:27:43
    liabilities so you have this one you
  • 00:27:46
    have this one you have this one so 222
  • 00:27:50
    240 about
  • 00:27:53
    256
  • 00:27:54
    billion maybe we can check the companies
  • 00:27:57
    how much are the total current liability
  • 00:27:59
    about 234 billion
  • 00:28:01
    right let's see if the compan is liquid
  • 00:28:04
    or now let's check the current assets we
  • 00:28:07
    had them
  • 00:28:09
    before I'm just
  • 00:28:12
    wondering current assets will you have
  • 00:28:15
    412 billion in current assets versus
  • 00:28:20
    your how much is that I think more than
  • 00:28:23
    much is the current liabilities
  • 00:28:30
    234 billion this one those are the total
  • 00:28:35
    current
  • 00:28:37
    liabilities and then you compare that
  • 00:28:40
    with uh more than 42 billion current
  • 00:28:45
    assets
  • 00:28:48
    right and then out of the
  • 00:28:51
    company's current
  • 00:28:56
    assets but we have
  • 00:28:59
    17.3
  • 00:29:01
    billion cash and short-term Investments
  • 00:29:03
    and about
  • 00:29:06
    [Music]
  • 00:29:08
    105 billion accounts and notes
  • 00:29:11
    receivable it's not much right compared
  • 00:29:14
    to the current
  • 00:29:17
    liabilities
  • 00:29:18
    [Music]
  • 00:29:21
    um Can the
  • 00:29:23
    company not have any liquidity problems
  • 00:29:26
    well I find the
  • 00:29:31
    number
  • 00:29:36
    actually they're not that high actually
  • 00:29:39
    I mean because this one may take time
  • 00:29:42
    before they can be converted into Cash
  • 00:29:44
    of course there are some I think um um
  • 00:29:48
    how do I say it
  • 00:29:51
    um especially when you pre-sell
  • 00:29:54
    definitely are able to collect some as
  • 00:29:56
    you pre-sell
  • 00:29:58
    um
  • 00:30:00
    and I think the current liability is of
  • 00:30:03
    232 billion there us I don't think they
  • 00:30:06
    will mature all at the same time
  • 00:30:09
    so anyway at least um for me the the
  • 00:30:13
    constellation is that you have much much
  • 00:30:15
    more total current assets as compared to
  • 00:30:18
    current liabilities okay and uh aan
  • 00:30:22
    actually has a very good uh credit
  • 00:30:25
    rating it has very good brand names I
  • 00:30:28
    guess if something goes wrong with the
  • 00:30:31
    company's liquidity position uh the
  • 00:30:33
    company has very good access to to
  • 00:30:36
    Capital and I think given to money
  • 00:30:38
    market okay so it should not be that of
  • 00:30:41
    a of a problem I believe for
  • 00:30:45
    a
  • 00:30:48
    anyway
  • 00:30:50
    uh I think we're done with
  • 00:30:55
    this we're done with this as well
  • 00:30:59
    yeah what are some of the financial
  • 00:31:01
    ratios that um the companies can that
  • 00:31:04
    the property companies can pay attention
  • 00:31:06
    to um in analyzing the their financial
  • 00:31:10
    statements well number one of course you
  • 00:31:12
    have to know the the capital structure
  • 00:31:15
    of the company just like any other
  • 00:31:17
    company okay whether it's property
  • 00:31:20
    uh uh food manufacturing Trading Company
  • 00:31:24
    okay I think it's always good to know
  • 00:31:27
    the company's de structure or
  • 00:31:29
    debation and then the long-term
  • 00:31:31
    financing um what are long-term
  • 00:31:33
    financing well this refer to your uh
  • 00:31:37
    equity and of course long-term debt
  • 00:31:40
    okay
  • 00:31:42
    um and then this one just refers to
  • 00:31:45
    long-term
  • 00:31:46
    liabilities okay over total assets and
  • 00:31:50
    then remember while I was discussing
  • 00:31:54
    aala Lance when I was looking at a lance
  • 00:31:56
    balance sheet before I was looking at
  • 00:31:58
    the interest bearing liabilities okay
  • 00:32:01
    why why was I doing that because um you
  • 00:32:03
    can have a number or you can have
  • 00:32:05
    substantial amount of liabilities but
  • 00:32:07
    some of them actually are not interest
  • 00:32:10
    bearing uh is that good or is that bad
  • 00:32:13
    of course it's still better to have
  • 00:32:15
    limited amount of liabilities but I
  • 00:32:18
    think uh when you analyze a company it's
  • 00:32:21
    also good to distinguish interest
  • 00:32:23
    bearing from non-interest bearing
  • 00:32:25
    liabilities because the interest bearing
  • 00:32:27
    ones definitely will always join the
  • 00:32:29
    company of um of cash flows okay and if
  • 00:32:34
    those interest bearing liabilities uh
  • 00:32:36
    are not managed properly they can they
  • 00:32:38
    can really um um well they can lead to
  • 00:32:42
    liquidity problems or cash flow problems
  • 00:32:44
    for the for the company okay just good
  • 00:32:48
    to manage them properly as regards the
  • 00:32:50
    accounting for investment properties I
  • 00:32:52
    need not uh repeat what we have already
  • 00:32:54
    pre previously discussed I guess you
  • 00:32:56
    just review your notes on those
  • 00:32:58
    on this
  • 00:33:00
    topic for profitability ratios well um
  • 00:33:04
    in theend of the company has different
  • 00:33:07
    um business segments um I think if uh
  • 00:33:11
    let's say you have uh a number of
  • 00:33:14
    investment properties substantial amount
  • 00:33:16
    of your assets are investment properties
  • 00:33:18
    I guess it's good to determine how much
  • 00:33:21
    rent income you generate out of those
  • 00:33:23
    assets and of course out of uh let's say
  • 00:33:26
    sale of uh develop properties like real
  • 00:33:30
    estate uh units okay that are being sold
  • 00:33:36
    okay um yeah how do you determine the
  • 00:33:40
    return and property value this is when
  • 00:33:41
    you have investment properties okay um
  • 00:33:46
    so this is how you compete for it's your
  • 00:33:48
    annual rent income uh divided by the
  • 00:33:50
    market value of the property or the fair
  • 00:33:53
    value of the investment property if
  • 00:33:55
    you're wondering um are this information
  • 00:33:58
    provided in the notes to financial
  • 00:34:00
    statements the answer is yes okay uh
  • 00:34:03
    normally there is a section in the notes
  • 00:34:05
    to financial statements that uh
  • 00:34:07
    discusses the rent income generated from
  • 00:34:11
    the investment properties in fact it
  • 00:34:13
    even includes the direct operating
  • 00:34:16
    expenses incurred out of those
  • 00:34:17
    investment properties and Thea value
  • 00:34:21
    okay or the fair value of the investment
  • 00:34:23
    properties
  • 00:34:25
    um are are required disclosure
  • 00:34:29
    um in the case of Double Dragon I think
  • 00:34:32
    we have already discussed it in class
  • 00:34:35
    um it's investment properties are are
  • 00:34:38
    already reported at fair value so for
  • 00:34:40
    that company I think there's no need to
  • 00:34:42
    disclose the fair value right it's there
  • 00:34:44
    on the face of the balance sheet but for
  • 00:34:46
    companies like aala land and SM Prime
  • 00:34:49
    Holdings that use uh the cost principle
  • 00:34:52
    the cost model for accounting for their
  • 00:34:54
    investment properties if you look at
  • 00:34:56
    their notes to find financial statement
  • 00:34:58
    she will find out that they provide the
  • 00:35:01
    uh fair value for this investment
  • 00:35:03
    properties and of course if you want to
  • 00:35:04
    determine the return and proper value so
  • 00:35:07
    the rent income that is also that is
  • 00:35:10
    also disclosed you divide it by the
  • 00:35:11
    market value of the investment
  • 00:35:13
    properties then you can get the return
  • 00:35:15
    and property value okay so just in case
  • 00:35:18
    you want to compute for that okay for
  • 00:35:22
    the liquidity ratios you have this one
  • 00:35:23
    the traditional liquidity ratios but
  • 00:35:26
    this one
  • 00:35:29
    um I only consider the current assets
  • 00:35:34
    okay and then if you notice even the
  • 00:35:36
    accounts receivable I only emphasize
  • 00:35:38
    current accounts receivable because as I
  • 00:35:40
    said um accounts receivable may be
  • 00:35:43
    current and noncurrent for property
  • 00:35:45
    companies and you're not supposed to
  • 00:35:46
    include the non-current
  • 00:35:49
    receivable and in the computation of the
  • 00:35:51
    quick ratio okay why is there an
  • 00:35:54
    adjusted quick ratio um this happens
  • 00:35:57
    when when a company when a property
  • 00:35:59
    company did not classify its balance
  • 00:36:02
    sheet as to current and non-current I
  • 00:36:04
    mean in the past there had been those
  • 00:36:06
    cases where uh balance sheets are not
  • 00:36:09
    presented properly according to um well
  • 00:36:13
    at least if you look at the assets and
  • 00:36:15
    liabilities are not presented as to
  • 00:36:17
    current and non-current now when you are
  • 00:36:19
    faced with this situation and to be more
  • 00:36:22
    conservative exclude exclude all
  • 00:36:24
    accounts receivable in your computation
  • 00:36:26
    as part of the Recreation but only when
  • 00:36:29
    you know they're not um disclosed
  • 00:36:32
    properly but you know I think for most
  • 00:36:35
    property companies now I I'd like to
  • 00:36:37
    believe that they classify their
  • 00:36:39
    financial statements at least how they
  • 00:36:42
    present their assets and liabilities
  • 00:36:45
    properly I guess that's the end of the
  • 00:36:48
    um lecture on um property companies and
  • 00:36:54
    if there are any questions I guess this
  • 00:36:56
    can be raised to during our uh uh face
  • 00:37:01
    tof face uh meetings Okay so uh goodbye
  • 00:37:06
    for now okay
Tag
  • financial statements
  • property companies
  • balance sheet
  • revenue recognition
  • investing and financing
  • liquidity
  • accounts receivable
  • equity financing
  • ratios
  • investment properties