How do cigarettes affect the body? - Krishna Sudhir

00:05:21
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y18Vz51Nkos

Sintesi

TLDRSmoking cigarettes brings over 5,000 harmful chemicals into the body, causing a range of health issues. The tar from smoke damages teeth and gums, while harmful substances affect nerve endings, impair smell, and elevate risks for lung infections like bronchitis and emphysema by damaging lung cilia. Nicotine leads to vascular problems and increased risk of heart disease and stroke. Tobacco chemicals can also provoke dangerous DNA mutations linked to cancers, particularly affecting lung health. In contrast, quitting smoking delivers rapid health benefits: heart rate normalizes within 20 minutes, the risk of heart attack drops in a day, and lung function improves substantially within a year. Quitting is challenging due to withdrawal symptoms like anxiety, but therapies and support systems can aid cessation and health recovery.

Punti di forza

  • 🚭 Smoking causes damage through 5,000 chemicals in the body.
  • 💔 It increases risks for heart attacks and strokes by affecting blood vessels.
  • 👃 Smoke reduces the sense of smell by damaging nerve endings.
  • 🫁 Lung health is compromised as smoke damages cilia.
  • 🧬 Cigarettes can mutate DNA, leading to increased cancer risk.
  • ⏳ Health benefits begin within minutes after quitting smoking.
  • ❤️ Quitting reduces heart disease risk significantly over time.
  • 👶 Smoking affects fertility in both genders, causing conception issues.
  • 🛑 Therapy and support can help alleviate smoking withdrawal.
  • 🏃 Exercise and cognitive therapy support quitting efforts.

Linea temporale

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:21

    Quitting smoking brings immediate and long-term health benefits. Within 20 minutes, heart rate and blood pressure normalize. After 12 hours, oxygen levels in the blood improve. Within a day, the risk of heart attack decreases, and smell and taste begin to recover in two days. Lung health improves significantly over weeks and months, with reduced coughing and breath shortness. The risk of heart disease halves within a year, clot formation risk declines over five years, and fatal lung cancer risk is reduced by half after ten years. By fifteen years, coronary heart disease risk equates to that of a non-smoker. Quitting challenges exist like anxiety, but are manageable with therapies, nicotine replacement, support groups, and exercises.

Mappa mentale

Mind Map

Domande frequenti

  • What are the immediate physical benefits after quitting smoking?

    Just 20 minutes after quitting smoking, heart rate and blood pressure begin to return to normal.

  • How does smoking affect the lungs?

    Smoking damages the cilia in the lungs and fills the alveoli, leading to higher risks of infections, bronchitis, and emphysema.

  • What is the role of nicotine in smoking addiction?

    Nicotine triggers the release of dopamine and other neurotransmitters creating pleasurable sensations, which lead to addiction.

  • How does quitting smoking affect cancer risk?

    After quitting smoking, the body's DNA repair ability is restored, reducing cancer risks significantly over time.

  • What are some methods to aid in quitting smoking?

    Methods include nicotine replacement therapy, counseling, support groups, cognitive behavioral therapy, and exercise.

  • How does smoking affect cardiovascular health?

    Smoking causes blood vessel constriction, increases clot formation risks, and can lead to heart attacks and strokes.

  • How long after quitting smoking does heart disease risk decrease?

    Heart disease risk is reduced by half in one year after quitting smoking.

  • What impact does smoking have on DNA?

    Chemicals in cigarettes can cause DNA mutations leading to cancer and disrupt DNA repair processes.

  • How does smoking affect pregnancy and fertility?

    Smoking makes it harder for women to get pregnant and can cause erectile dysfunction in men.

  • What are the body's main reactions within 12 hours of quitting smoking?

    Within 12 hours, carbon monoxide levels stabilize and increase the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity.

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Sottotitoli
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Scorrimento automatico:
  • 00:00:06
    Cigarettes aren’t good for us.
  • 00:00:09
    That’s hardly news--we’ve known about the dangers of smoking for decades.
  • 00:00:13
    But how exactly do cigarettes harm us?
  • 00:00:16
    Let’s look at what happens as their ingredients
  • 00:00:19
    make their way through our bodies,
  • 00:00:20
    and how we benefit physically when we finally give up smoking.
  • 00:00:25
    With each inhalation,
  • 00:00:27
    smoke brings its more than 5,000 chemical substances
  • 00:00:31
    into contact with the body’s tissues.
  • 00:00:33
    From the start, tar, a black, resinous material,
  • 00:00:37
    begins to coat the teeth and gums,
  • 00:00:39
    damaging tooth enamel, and eventually causing decay.
  • 00:00:43
    Over time, smoke also damages nerve-endings in the nose,
  • 00:00:47
    causing loss of smell.
  • 00:00:50
    Inside the airways and lungs,
  • 00:00:51
    smoke increases the likelihood of infections,
  • 00:00:54
    as well as chronic diseases like bronchitis and emphysema.
  • 00:00:59
    It does this by damaging the cilia,
  • 00:01:01
    tiny hairlike structures whose job it is to keep the airways clean.
  • 00:01:07
    It then fills the alveoli,
  • 00:01:09
    tiny air sacs that enable the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
  • 00:01:13
    between the lungs and blood.
  • 00:01:15
    A toxic gas called carbon monoxide crosses that membrane into the blood,
  • 00:01:20
    binding to hemoglobin
  • 00:01:21
    and displacing the oxygen
  • 00:01:23
    it would usually have transported around the body.
  • 00:01:26
    That’s one of the reasons smoking can lead to oxygen deprivation
  • 00:01:30
    and shortness of breath.
  • 00:01:32
    Within about 10 seconds,
  • 00:01:35
    the bloodstream carries a stimulant called nicotine to the brain,
  • 00:01:38
    triggering the release of dopamine and other neurotransmitters
  • 00:01:42
    including endorphins
  • 00:01:43
    that create the pleasurable sensations which make smoking highly addictive.
  • 00:01:47
    Nicotine and other chemicals from the cigarette
  • 00:01:50
    simultaneously cause constriction of blood vessels
  • 00:01:53
    and damage their delicate endothelial lining,
  • 00:01:55
    restricting blood flow.
  • 00:01:57
    These vascular effects lead to thickening of blood vessel walls
  • 00:02:00
    and enhance blood platelet stickiness,
  • 00:02:03
    increasing the likelihood that clots will form
  • 00:02:06
    and trigger heart attacks and strokes.
  • 00:02:08
    Many of the chemicals inside cigarettes can trigger dangerous mutations
  • 00:02:12
    in the body’s DNA that make cancers form.
  • 00:02:15
    Additionally, ingredients like arsenic and nickel
  • 00:02:18
    may disrupt the process of DNA repair,
  • 00:02:21
    thus compromising the body’s ability to fight many cancers.
  • 00:02:25
    In fact, about one of every three cancer deaths in the United States
  • 00:02:29
    is caused by smoking.
  • 00:02:31
    And it’s not just lung cancer.
  • 00:02:33
    Smoking can cause cancer in multiple tissues and organs,
  • 00:02:36
    as well as damaged eyesight
  • 00:02:38
    and weakened bones.
  • 00:02:40
    It makes it harder for women to get pregnant.
  • 00:02:43
    And in men, it can cause erectile dysfunction.
  • 00:02:46
    But for those who quit smoking,
  • 00:02:47
    there’s a huge positive upside
  • 00:02:49
    with almost immediate and long-lasting physical benefits.
  • 00:02:53
    Just 20 minutes after a smoker’s final cigarette,
  • 00:02:57
    their heart rate and blood pressure begin to return to normal.
  • 00:03:00
    After 12 hours, carbon monoxide levels stabilize,
  • 00:03:04
    increasing the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity.
  • 00:03:07
    A day after ceasing,
  • 00:03:08
    heart attack risk begins to decrease as blood pressure and heart rates normalize.
  • 00:03:13
    After two days,
  • 00:03:15
    the nerve endings responsible for smell and taste start to recover.
  • 00:03:20
    Lungs become healthier after about one month,
  • 00:03:23
    with less coughing and shortness of breath.
  • 00:03:25
    The delicate hair-like cilia in the airways and lungs
  • 00:03:28
    start recovering within weeks,
  • 00:03:31
    and are restored after 9 months, improving resistance to infection.
  • 00:03:35
    By the one-year anniversary of quitting,
  • 00:03:37
    heart disease risk plummets to half as blood vessel function improves.
  • 00:03:42
    Five years in,
  • 00:03:44
    the chance of a clot forming dramatically declines,
  • 00:03:46
    and the risk of stroke continues to reduce.
  • 00:03:49
    After ten years, the chances of developing fatal lung cancer
  • 00:03:53
    go down by 50%,
  • 00:03:55
    probably because the body’s ability to repair DNA is once again restored.
  • 00:04:00
    Fifteen years in, the likelihood of developing coronary heart disease
  • 00:04:04
    is essentially the same as that of a non-smoker.
  • 00:04:07
    There’s no point pretending this is all easy to achieve.
  • 00:04:10
    Quitting can lead to anxiety and depression,
  • 00:04:13
    resulting from nicotine withdrawal.
  • 00:04:15
    But fortunately, such effects are usually temporary.
  • 00:04:19
    And quitting is getting easier, thanks to a growing arsenal of tools.
  • 00:04:23
    Nicotine replacement therapy through gum,
  • 00:04:26
    skin patches,
  • 00:04:27
    lozenges,
  • 00:04:28
    and sprays
  • 00:04:29
    may help wean smokers off cigarettes.
  • 00:04:32
    They work by stimulating nicotine receptors in the brain
  • 00:04:35
    and thus preventing withdrawal symptoms,
  • 00:04:37
    without the addition of other harmful chemicals.
  • 00:04:40
    Counselling and support groups,
  • 00:04:42
    cognitive behavioral therapy,
  • 00:04:44
    and moderate intensity exercise
  • 00:04:46
    also help smokers stay cigarette-free.
  • 00:04:50
    That’s good news,
  • 00:04:51
    since quitting puts you and your body on the path back to health.
Tag
  • smoking
  • health
  • nicotine
  • cancer
  • DNA
  • lung disease
  • quitting
  • withdrawal
  • therapy
  • cardiovascular health