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Transcriber: Ivana Korom
Reviewer: Helena Bedalli
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My brother Chuks and my best friend
Ike are part of the organizing team,
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so when they ask me to come,
I couldn't say no.
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But I'm so happy to be here.
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What a fantastic team of people
who care about Africa
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I feel so humble and so happy to be here.
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And I'm also told that the most beautiful,
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most amazing little girl in the world
is in the audience
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her name is Kamzia Adichie
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and I want her to stand up...
she's my niece!
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(Applause)
00:00:51
So, I would like to start by telling you
one of my greatest friend, Okuloma.
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Okuloma lived on my street
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and looked after me like a big brother.
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If I liked a boy, I would ask
Okuloma's opinion.
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Okuloma died in the notorious
Sosoliso Plane Crash
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in Nigeria in December of 2005.
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Almost exactly seven years ago.
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Okuloma was a person I could argue with,
laugh with, and truly talk to.
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He was also the first person
to call me a feminist.
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I was about fourteen,
we were at his house, arguing.
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Both of us bristling with
half bit knowledge from books we had read.
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I don't remember what this
particular argument was about,
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but I remember that
as I argued and argued,
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Okuloma looked at me and said,
"You know, you're a feminist."
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It was not a compliment.
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I could tell from his tone, the same tone
that you would use to say something like
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"You're a supporter of terrorism."
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(Laughter)
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I did not know exactly what this word
"feminist" meant,
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and I did not want Okuloma
to know that I did not know,
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so I brushed it aside
and I continued to argue.
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And the first thing I planned to do
when I got home
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was to look up the word
"feminist" in the dictionary.
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Now fast forward to some years later,
I wrote a novel
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about a man who among other things
beats his wife
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and whose story doesn't end very well.
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While I was promoting the novel
in Nigeria,
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a journalist, a nice well-meaning man,
told me he wanted to advise me.
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And for the Nigerians here,
I'm sure we're all familiar with
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how quick our people are to give
unsolicited advice.
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He told me that people were saying
that my novel was feminist
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and his advice to me --
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and he was shaking his head sadly
as he spoke --
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was that I should never
call myself a feminist because
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feminists are women who are unhappy
because they cannot find husbands.
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(Laughter)
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So I decided to call myself
"a happy feminist."
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Then an academic, a Nigerian woman
told me
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that feminism was not our culture
and that feminism wasn't African,
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and that I was calling myself a feminist
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because I had been corrupted
by "Western books."
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Which amused me,
because a lot of my early readings
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were decidedly unfeminist.
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I think I must have read every single
Mills & Boon romance
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published before I was sixteen.
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And each time I tried to read those books
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called "the feminist classics"
I'd get bored
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and I really struggled to finish them.
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But anyway, since feminism was un-African,
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I decided that I would now call myself
"a happy African feminist."
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At some point I was a happy
African feminist who does not hate men
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and who likes lip gloss
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and who wears high-heels
for herself but not for men.
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Of course a lot of these
was tongue-in-cheek,
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but that were feminists so heavy
with baggage, negative baggage.
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You hate men, you hate bras,
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you hate African culture,
that sort of thing.
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Now here's a story from my childhood.
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When I was in primary school,
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my teacher said at the beginning of term
that she would give the class a test
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and whoever got the highest score
would be the class monitor.
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Now, class monitor was a big deal.
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If you were a class monitor,
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you got to write down the names
of noise makers,
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which was having enough power of its own.
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But my teacher would also give you
a cane to hold in your hand
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while you walk around and
patrol the class for noise makers.
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Now of course you're not
actually allowed to use the cane.
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But it was an exciting prospect
for the nine-year-old me.
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I very much wanted to be
the class monitor.
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And I got the highest score on the test.
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Then, to my surprise, my teacher said that
the monitor had to be a boy.
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She've forgotten to make that clear earlier
because she assumed it was... obvious.
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(Laughter)
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A boy had the second highest
score on the test
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and he would be monitor.
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Now what was even more
interesting about this
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is that the boy was a sweet, gentle soul
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who had no interest in patrolling
the class with the cane,
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while I was full of ambition to do so.
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But I was female, and he was male
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and so he became the class monitor.
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And I've never forgotten that incident.
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I often make the mistake of thinking that
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something that is obvious to me
is just as obvious to everyone else.
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Now, take my dear friend Louis
for example.
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Louis is a brilliant, progressive man,
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and we would have conversations
and he would tell me,
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"I don't know what you mean by things
being different or harder for women.
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Maybe in the past, but not now."
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And I didn't understand how Louis
could not see what seems so self-evident.
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Then one evening, in Lagos,
Louis and I went out with friends.
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And for people here who
are not familiar with Lagos,
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there's that wonderful Lagos' fixture,
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the sprinkling of energetic man
who hung around outside establishments
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and very dramatically "help" you
park your car.
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I was impressed with
the particular theatrics
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of the man who found us
a parking spot that evening,
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and so as we were leaving,
I decided to leave him a tip.
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I opened my bag,
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put my hand inside my bag,
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brought out my money that
I had earned from doing my work,
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and I gave it to the man.
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And he,
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this man who was very grateful,
and very happy,
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took the money from me,
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looked across at Louis,
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and said "Thank you, sir!"
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(Laughter)
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Louis looked at me, surprised, and asked
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"Why is he thanking me?
I didn't give him the money."
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Then I saw realization
dawned on Louis' face.
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The man believed that
whatever money I had
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had ultimately come from Louis.
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Because Louis is a man.
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The men and women are different.
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We have different hormones,
we have different sexual organs,
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we have different biological abilities,
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women can have babies, men can't.
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At least not yet.
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Men have testosterone and are
in general physically stronger than women.
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There's slightly more women
than men in the world,
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about 52% of the world's population
is female.
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But most of the positions of power
and prestige are occupied by men.
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The late Kenyan Nobel Peace Laureate,
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Wangari Maathai, put it simply
and well when she said:
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"The higher you go,
the fewer women there are."
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In the recent US elections we kept hearing
of the Lilly Ledbetter law,
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and if we go beyond the nicely
alliterative name of that law,
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it was really about a man and a woman
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doing the same job being equally qualified
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and the man being paid more
because he's a man.
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So in the literal way, men rule the world,
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and this made sense a thousand years ago
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because human beings lived then in a world
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in which physical strength was
the most important attribute for survival.
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The physically stronger person
was more likely to lead,
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and men, in general,
are physically stronger.
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Of course there are many exceptions.
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But today we live
in a vastly different world.
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The person more likely to lead
is not the physically stronger person,
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it is the more creative person,
the more intelligent person,
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the more innovative person,
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and there are no hormones
for those attributes.
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A man is as likely as a woman
to be intelligent,
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to be creative, to be innovative.
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We have evolved; but it seems to me
that our ideas of gender had not evolved.
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Some weeks ago I walked into a lobby
of one of the best Nigerian hotels.
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I thought about naming the hotel,
but I thought I probably shouldn't,
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and a guard at the entrance stopped me
and ask me annoying questions,
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because their automatic assumption is
that a Nigerian female
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walking into a hotel alone is a sex worker.
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And by the way,
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why do these hotels focus on
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the ostensible supply rather than
the demand for sex workers?
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In Lagos I cannot go alone into
many "reputable" bars and clubs.
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They just don't let you in
if you're a woman alone,
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you have to be accompanied by a man.
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Each time I walk into a
Nigerian restaurant with a man,
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the waiter greets the man and ignores me.
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The waiters are products...
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at this some women felt like
"Yes! I thought that!"
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The waiters are products of a society that
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has taught them that men are
more important than women.
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And I know that waiters
don't intend any harm.
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But it's one thing to know intellectually
and quite another to feel it emotionally.
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Each time they ignore me,
I feel invisible.
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I feel upset.
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I want to tell them I'm just as human
as the man,
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that I'm just as worthy
of acknowledgement.
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These are little things,
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but sometimes it's the little things
that sting the most.
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And not long ago I wrote an article
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about what it means to be
young and female in Lagos,
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and the printers told me
"It was so angry."
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Of course it was angry!
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(Laughter)
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I am angry.
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Gender as it functions today
is a grave injustice.
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We should all be angry.
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Anger has a long history of
bringing about positive change;
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but, in addition to being angry,
I'm also hopeful.
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Because I believe deeply
in the ability of human beings
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to make and remake themselves
for the better.
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Gender matters everywhere in the world,
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but I want to focus on
Nigeria and on Africa in general,
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because it is where I know,
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and because it is where my heart is.
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And I would like today to ask
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that we begin to dream about
and plan for
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a different world, a fairer world;
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a world of happier men and happier women
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who are truer to themselves.
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And this is how to start:
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we must raise our daughters differently.
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We must also raise our sons differently.
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We do a great disservice to boys
on how we raise them;
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we stifle the humanity of boys.
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We define masculinity in a very narrow way,
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masculinity becomes this hard, small cage
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and we put boys inside the cage.
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We teach boys to be afraid of fear.
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We teach boys to be afraid
of weakness, of vulnerability.
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We teach them to mask their true selves,
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because they have to be,
in Nigerian speak, "hard man!"
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In secondary school, a boy and a girl,
both of them teenagers,
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both of them with the same amount
of pocket money,
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would go out and then
the boy would be expected always
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to pay, to prove his masculinity.
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And yet we wonder why boys
are more likely to steal money
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from their parents.
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What if both boys and girls were raised
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not to link masculinity with money?
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What if the attitude was not
"the boy has to pay"
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but rather "whoever has more should pay"?
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Now of course because of that
historical advantage,
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it is mostly men who will have more today,
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but if we start raising children
differently,
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then in fifty years, in a hundred years,
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boys will no longer have the pressure
of having to prove this masculinity.
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But by far the worst thing we do to males,
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by making them feel
that they have to be hard,
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is that we leave them
with very fragile egos.
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The more "hard-man"
the man feels compelled to be,
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the weaker his ego is.
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And then we do a much greater
disservice to girls
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because we raise them to cater
to the fragile egos of men.
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We teach girls to shrink themselves,
to make themselves smaller,
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we say to girls,
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"You can have ambition,
but not too much."
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"You should aim to be successful,
but not too successful,
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otherwise you would threaten the man."
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If you are the breadwinner
in your relationship with a man,
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you have to pretend that you're not,
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especially in public, otherwise
you will emasculate him.
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But what if we question
the premise itself,
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why should a woman's success
be a threat to a man?
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What if we decide to simply dispose
of that word,
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and I don't think there's an English word
I dislike more than "emasculation."
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A Nigerian acquaintance once asked me
if I was worried that
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men would be intimidated by me.
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I was not worried at all.
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In fact it had not occurred to me
to be worried because
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a man who would be intimidated by me
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is exactly the kind of man
I would have no interest in.
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(Laughter)
(Applause)
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But still I was really struck by this.
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Because I'm female,
I'm expected to aspire to marriage;
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I'm expected to make my life choices
always keeping in mind
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that marriage is the most important.
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A marriage can be a good thing;
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it can be a source of joy
and love and mutual support.
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But why do we teach girls
to aspire to marriage
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and we don't teach boys the same?
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I know a woman who decided
to sell her house
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because she didn't want to
intimidate a man who might marry her.
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I know an unmarried woman in Nigeria who,
when she goes to conferences,
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wears a wedding ring
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because according to her, she wants
the other participants in the conference
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to "give her respect."
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I know young women who are
under so much pressure
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from family, from friends,
even from work to get married
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and they're pushed
to make terrible choices.
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A woman at a certain age
who is unmarried,
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our society teaches her to see it
as a deep, personal failure.
00:15:06
And a man at a certain age
who is unmarried
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we just think he hasn't come around
to making his pick.
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(Laughter)
00:15:14
It's easy for us to say,
00:15:16
"Oh but women can just say no
to all of this",
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But the reality is more difficult
and more complex.
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We're all social beings.
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We internalize ideas
from our socialization.
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Even the language we use
00:15:28
in talking about marriage
and relationships illustrates this.
00:15:31
The language of marriage
is often the language of ownership
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rather than the language of partnership.
00:15:36
We use the word "respect"
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to mean something a woman shows a man
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but often not something
a man shows a woman.
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Both men and women in Nigeria will say -
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this is an expression I'm very amused by -
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"I did it for peace in my marriage."
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Now when men say it,
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it is usually about something that
they should not be doing anyway.
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(Laughter)
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Sometimes they say it to their friends,
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it's something to say to their friends
in a kind of fondly exasperated way,
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you know, something that ultimately proves
how masculine they are,
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how needed, how loved --
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"Oh my wife said I can't go to club
every night,
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so for peace in my marriage,
I do it only on weekends."
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(Laughter)
00:16:20
Now when a woman says,
"I did it for peace in my marriage,"
00:16:23
she's usually talking about having
giving up a job,
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a dream,
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a career.
00:16:30
We teach females that in relationships,
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compromise is what women do.
00:16:36
We raise girls to see each other
as competitors
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not for job or for accomplishments,
which I think could be a good thing,
00:16:43
but for attention of men.
00:16:46
We teach girls that they cannot be
sexual beings
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in the way that boys are.
00:16:51
If we have sons, we don't mind
knowing about our sons' girlfriends.
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But our daughters' boyfriends?
God forbid.
00:16:56
(Laughter)
00:16:58
But of course when the time is right,
00:17:00
we expect those girls to bring back
the perfect man to be their husbands.
00:17:04
We police girls,
00:17:05
we praise girls for virginity,
00:17:07
but we don't praise boys for virginity,
00:17:09
and it's always made me wonder
how exactly this is supposed to work out
00:17:12
because...
(Laughter)
00:17:15
(Applause)
00:17:24
I mean, the loss of virginity
is usually a process that involves...
00:17:28
Recently a young woman
00:17:30
was gang raped in a University in Nigeria,
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I think some of us know about that.
00:17:34
And the response of many young Nigerians,
00:17:36
both male and female,
00:17:38
was something along the lines of this:
00:17:40
"Yes, rape is wrong.
00:17:42
But what is a girl doing in a room
with four boys?"
00:17:47
Now if we can forget
the horrible inhumanity of that response,
00:17:52
these Nigerians have been raised
to think of women as inherently guilty,
00:17:57
and have been raised to expect
so little of men
00:18:01
that the idea of men as savage beings
without any control
00:18:04
is somehow acceptable.
00:18:06
We teach girls shame.
00:18:09
"Close your legs",
"Cover yourself".
00:18:11
We make them feel as though
by being born female
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they're already guilty of something.
00:18:16
And so, girls grow up to be women
00:18:18
who cannot see they have desire.
00:18:20
They grow up to be women
who silence themselves.
00:18:25
They grow up to be women who
cannot see what they truly think,
00:18:28
and they grow up -
00:18:30
and this is the worst thing
we did to girls -
00:18:32
they grow up to be women
who have turned pretense into an art form.
00:18:36
(Applause)
00:18:42
I know a woman who hates domestic work,
00:18:46
she just hates it,
00:18:47
but she pretends that she likes it,
00:18:50
because she's been taught that
to be "good wife material"
00:18:54
she has to be -- to use that Nigerian word
-- very "homely."
00:18:59
And then she got married,
00:19:00
and after a while her husband's family
00:19:02
began to complain
that she had changed.
00:19:06
Actually she had not changed,
00:19:08
she just got tired of pretending.
00:19:10
The problem with gender,
00:19:13
is that it prescribes how we should be
00:19:16
rather than recognizing how we are.
00:19:19
Now imagine how much happier
we would be,
00:19:22
how much freer to be
our true individual selves,
00:19:25
if we didn't have the weight
of gender expectations.
00:19:29
Boys and girls are undeniably
different biologically,
00:19:34
but socialization exaggerates
the differences
00:19:37
and then it becomes
a self-fulfilling process.
00:19:39
Now take cooking for example.
00:19:42
Today women in general are more likely
to do the house work than men,
00:19:45
the cooking and cleaning.
00:19:47
But why is that?
00:19:48
Is it because women are born
with a cooking gene?
00:19:51
(Laughter)
00:19:53
Or because over years they have been
socialized to see cooking as their rule?
00:19:57
Actually I was going to say that maybe
women are born with a cooking gene,
00:20:00
until I remember that the majority
of the famous cooks in the world,
00:20:04
whom we give the fancy title of "chefs,"
00:20:06
are men.
00:20:09
I used to look up to my grandmother
00:20:10
who was a brilliant, brilliant woman,
00:20:12
and wonder how she would have been
00:20:14
if she had the same opportunity
as men when she was growing up.
00:20:19
Now today, there are
many more opportunities for women
00:20:21
than there were during
my grandmother's time
00:20:23
because of changes in policy,
changes in law,
00:20:26
all of which are very important.
00:20:28
But what matters even more
is our attitude, our mindset,
00:20:32
what we believe and what we value
about gender.
00:20:36
What if in raising children
00:20:38
we focus on ability instead of gender?
00:20:41
What if in raising children
00:20:43
we focus on interest instead of gender?
00:20:47
I know a family who have
a son and a daughter,
00:20:49
both of whom are brilliant at school,
00:20:51
who are wonderful, lovely children.
00:20:53
When the boy is hungry,
the parents say to the girl
00:20:55
"Go and cook Indomie noodles
for your brother."
00:20:58
Now the daughter doesn't particularly like
to cook Indomie noodles,
00:21:02
but she's a girl,
and so she has to.
00:21:05
Now, what if the parents,
00:21:07
from the beginning,
00:21:08
taught both the boy and the girl
to cook Indomie?
00:21:14
Cooking, by the way,
is a very useful skill for boys to have.
00:21:17
I've never thought it made sense
to leave such a crucial thing,
00:21:21
the ability to nourish oneself,
00:21:25
in the hands of others.
00:21:27
(Applause)
00:21:32
I know a woman who has the same degree
and the same job as her husband,
00:21:35
when they get back from work
she does most of the house work,
00:21:38
which I think is true for many marriages,
00:21:40
But what struck me about them was that
00:21:42
whenever her husband changed
the baby's diaper,
00:21:45
she said "thank you" to him.
00:21:49
Now what if she saw this
as perfectly normal and natural
00:21:53
that he should, in fact,
care for his child?
00:21:59
I'm trying to unlearn
many of the lessons of gender
00:22:03
that I internalized when I was growing up.
00:22:05
But I sometimes still feel very vulnerable
00:22:08
in the face of gender expectations.
00:22:11
The first time I taught a
writing class in graduate school
00:22:14
I was worried.
00:22:15
I wasn't worried about the material
I would teach because I was well-prepared
00:22:19
and I was going to teach
what I enjoy teaching.
00:22:21
Instead, I was worried about what to wear.
00:22:24
I wanted to be taken seriously.
00:22:27
I knew that because I was female
00:22:29
I will automatically
have to prove my worth.
00:22:33
And I was worried if I looked too feminine
00:22:35
I would not be taken seriously.
00:22:37
I really wanted to wear my shiny lip gloss
and my girly skirt,
00:22:41
but I decided not to.
00:22:43
Instead, I wore a very serious,
00:22:45
very manly, and very ugly suit.
00:22:50
Because the sad truth is
that when it comes to appearance
00:22:52
we start off with man as the standard,
00:22:54
as the norm.
00:22:56
If a man is getting ready
for a business meeting
00:22:58
he doesn't worry about
looking too masculine
00:23:00
and therefore not being taken for granted.
00:23:03
If a woman has to get ready
for business meeting,
00:23:05
she has to worry about looking
too feminine, and what it says
00:23:10
and whether or not
she will be taken seriously.
00:23:14
I wish I had not worn
that ugly suit that day.
00:23:17
I've actually banished it from my closet,
by the way.
00:23:20
Had I then the confidence
that I have now to be myself
00:23:25
my students would have benefited
even more from my teaching,
00:23:28
because I would have been
more comfortable,
00:23:30
and more fully and more truly myself.
00:23:33
I have chosen to no longer be apologetic
for my femaleness
00:23:38
and for my femininity.
00:23:40
(Applause)
00:23:46
And I want to be respected
in all of my femaleness
00:23:49
because I deserve to be.
00:23:52
Gender is not an easy conversation
to have.
00:23:55
For both men and women,
00:23:57
to bring up gender, sometimes
encounters almost immediate resistance.
00:24:01
I can imagine some people here
are actually thinking
00:24:04
"Women, true to selves? "
00:24:08
Some of the men here might be thinking
00:24:10
"Okay, all of this is interesting,
00:24:12
but I don't think like that."
00:24:14
And that is part of the problem.
00:24:16
That many men do not actively think
about gender
00:24:20
or notice gender,
00:24:21
is part of the problem of gender.
00:24:23
That many men, say, like my friend Louis,
00:24:26
that everything is fine now.
00:24:28
And that many men do nothing to change it.
00:24:32
If you are a man and you walk
into a restaurant with a woman
00:24:34
and the waiter greets only you,
00:24:37
does it occur to you to ask the waiter
00:24:39
"Why haven't you greeted her?"
00:24:43
Because gender can be...
00:24:47
(Laughter)
00:24:55
Actually we may repose part of
a longer version of this talk.
00:25:00
So, because gender can be
a very uncomfortable conversation to have,
00:25:03
there are very easy ways to close it,
to close the conversation.
00:25:06
So some people will bring up
evolutionary biology
00:25:10
and apes,
00:25:11
how, you know, female apes
bow down to male apes
00:25:14
and that sort of thing.
00:25:16
But the point is we're not apes.
00:25:18
(Laughter)
(Applause)
00:25:25
Apes also live on trees and
have earth worms for breakfast
00:25:30
but we don't.
00:25:32
Some people will say,
00:25:33
"Well, poor men also have a hard time."
00:25:36
And this is true.
00:25:38
But that is not what this...
(Laughter)
00:25:41
But this is not what this conversation
is about.
00:25:45
Gender and class are different forms
of oppression.
00:25:49
I actually learned quite a bit
about systems of oppression
00:25:52
and how they can be blind to one another
00:25:55
by talking to black men.
00:25:58
I was once talking to a black man
about gender
00:26:01
and he said to me,
00:26:02
"Why do you have to say
00:26:04
'my experience as a woman'?
00:26:06
why can't it be
00:26:07
'your experience as a human being'?"
00:26:10
Now this was the same man
who would often talk about
00:26:13
his experience as a black man.
00:26:18
Gender matters. Men and women
experience the world differently.
00:26:22
Gender colors the way
we experience the world.
00:26:24
But we can change that.
00:26:27
Some people will say,
00:26:29
"Oh but women have the real power,
00:26:31
bottom power."
00:26:33
And for non-Nigerians, bottom power
is an expression which --
00:26:36
I suppose means something like
00:26:37
a woman who uses her sexuality
to get favors from men.
00:26:41
But bottom power is not power at all.
00:26:46
Bottom power means that a woman
00:26:50
simply has a good root to tap into,
from time to time,
00:26:53
somebody else's power.
00:26:56
And then of course we have to wonder
00:26:57
what happens when that somebody else is
00:26:58
in a bad mood,
00:27:00
or sick,
00:27:01
or impotent.
00:27:03
(Laughter)
00:27:07
Some people will say that a woman
being subordinate to a man is our culture.
00:27:13
But culture is constantly changing.
00:27:15
I have beautiful twin nieces
who are fifteen
00:27:18
and live in Lagos,
00:27:19
if they had been born a hundred years ago
00:27:22
they would have been taken away
and killed.
00:27:25
Because it was our culture,
it was our culture to kill twins.
00:27:29
So what is the point of culture?
00:27:32
I mean there's the decorative,
00:27:33
the dancing...
00:27:35
but also, culture really is about
preservation and continuity of a people.
00:27:40
In my family,
00:27:41
I am the child who is most interested
in the story of who we are,
00:27:44
in our tradition,
00:27:45
in the knowledge about ancestral lands.
00:27:48
My brothers are not as interested as I am.
00:27:50
But I cannot participate,
00:27:53
I cannot go to their meetings,
00:27:54
I cannot have a say.
00:27:56
Because I'm female.
00:27:58
Culture does not make people,
00:28:00
people make culture.
00:28:05
(Applause)
00:28:09
So if it's in fact true
that the full humanity of women
00:28:12
is not our culture,
then we must make it our culture.
00:28:17
I think very often
of my dear friend Okuloma,
00:28:22
may he and all the others that passed
away in that Sosoliso Crash
00:28:26
continue to rest in peace.
00:28:29
He will always be remembered
by those of us who loved him.
00:28:33
And he was right that day many years ago
00:28:36
when he called me a feminist.
00:28:38
I am a feminist.
00:28:40
And when I looked up the word
in the dictionary that day,
00:28:42
this is what it said:
00:28:43
Feminist,
00:28:44
a person who believes
in the social, political
00:28:47
and economic equality of the sexes.
00:28:51
My great grandmother,
00:28:52
from the stories I've heard,
00:28:54
was a feminist.
00:28:55
She ran away from the house of the man
she did not want to marry,
00:28:59
and ended up marrying the man
of her choice.
00:29:02
She refused,
she protested, she spoke up
00:29:05
whenever she felt she's being deprived
of access, or land, that sort of thing.
00:29:10
My great grandmother did not know
that word "feminist,"
00:29:13
but it doesn't mean that she wasn't one.
00:29:17
More of us should reclaim that word.
00:29:20
My own definition of feminist is:
00:29:24
a feminist is a man or a woman
00:29:26
who says -
00:29:28
(Laughter)
(Applause)
00:29:37
a feminist is a man or a woman who says
00:29:40
"Yes, there's a problem
with gender as it is today,
00:29:44
and we must fix it.
00:29:45
We must do better."
00:29:48
The best feminist I know
00:29:50
is my brother Kenny.
00:29:53
He's also a kind, good-looking,
lovely man,
00:29:57
and he's very masculine.
00:30:00
Thank you.
00:30:01
(Applause)
