Explained - History Of Israel vs Palestine Conflict | Who is Right? | Akash Banerjee & Adwaith

00:26:21
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIYKkcpDS_c

概要

TLDRThe video provides a comprehensive overview of the Israel-Palestine conflict, tracing its historical roots from Ottoman rule through the establishment of Israel, to the current humanitarian crises. It highlights that while terrorism is unjustifiable, the context of Israel's actions and the suffering of Palestinians cannot be ignored. The narrator emphasizes the need for a nuanced opinion on this complex geopolitical issue amidst rising tensions and the role of global powers in shaping the conflict.

収穫

  • 🕊️ The Israel-Palestine conflict is deeply rooted in history.
  • 🗺️ Historical maps reflect significant territorial changes over time.
  • 🔍 Understanding context is crucial to forming an informed opinion.
  • 📜 Zionism aimed to establish a safe Jewish homeland in Palestine.
  • ⚔️ Violence on both sides reflects a cycle of retaliation and despair.
  • 🕊️ Many view Hamas as a terrorist organization, yet the reasons behind its creation must be understood.
  • 📈 India has historically balanced its relations between Israel and Palestine.
  • 🌍 Global powers have played a complicated role in the ongoing conflict.
  • ✍️ Media portrayal can sometimes overshadow local issues.
  • 💔 A humanitarian disaster is emerging amidst the violence.

タイムライン

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The ongoing conflict over Israel and Palestine has polarised opinions on social media. Many are passionately positioning themselves, often without understanding the depth of the historical context behind the violence. The brutal killing of over 600 Israelis by Hamas is condemned, but the long history of Israel's displacement of Palestinians and acts against their children is also highlighted as inexcusable. The narrator calls for understanding the historical dynamics of the region to form an informed opinion amidst the chaos that seems to reduce complex issues into binary arguments.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    The discussion transitions to the historical roots of modern Israeli and Palestinian identities, tracing back to 1917 and the formation of Zionism in the late 19th century. The Balfour Declaration of 1917 further complicated the matter, proposing a Jewish homeland in Palestine while neglecting the existing Arab population. A significant influx of Jewish immigrants occurred due to the Holocaust, aggravating tensions with the Palestinian Arabs who felt betrayed by international promises.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    After World War II, the United Nations attempted to partition Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states, leading to violent conflict when Israel declared independence in 1948. The subsequent Nakba saw 700,000 Palestinians displaced. This event laid psychological groundwork for an ongoing conflict where accusations of colonialism and territorial claims resonate deeply, contributing to persistent violence in the region.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    The text discusses various military conflicts that solidified Israel's control over Palestinian territories, fostering cycles of resistance and retaliatory violence. Organizations like Hamas emerged in response to perceived injustice, contributing to a complex power dynamic that fosters violence as a means of survival. Efforts towards peace, such as the Oslo Accords, faced immense obstacles due to settler expansion and mutual distrust that caused the political landscape to remain volatile.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:26:21

    In light of the unfolding conflict, the narrator discusses India's historical stance on the Israel-Palestine issue, emphasizing its support for Palestine while balancing diplomatic relations with Israel since independence. India's position reflects the nuanced interplay of advocating for Palestinian rights while acknowledging these geopolitical complexities, highlighting the humanitarian devastation of war and urging for a focus on practical solutions rather than divisive political stances.

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ビデオQ&A

  • What sparked the recent escalation of violence in Israel-Palestine?

    The recent escalation follows an unprecedented attack by Hamas, which involved firing missiles and paragliding into Israeli territory, leading Israel to declare a state of war.

  • What historical factors contribute to the Israel-Palestine conflict?

    Historical factors include the Balfour Declaration, post-WWII migrations, the establishment of Israel, and subsequent wars that displaced Palestinians.

  • Why does the narrator emphasize understanding history before forming an opinion?

    Understanding the history helps clarify the deep-rooted issues and complexities in the conflict, rather than forming opinions based solely on recent events.

  • How has India historically responded to the Israel-Palestine issue?

    India has supported Palestine since 1947, recognized the PLO, and maintained a balancing act between supporting Palestinian rights and fostering relations with Israel.

  • What is Zionism?

    Zionism is a movement that began in the 1800s advocating for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine to escape persecution.

  • What role do global powers play in the Israel-Palestine conflict?

    Global powers, particularly Western nations, have historically influenced the conflict through colonial actions, failed peace efforts, and military support.

  • What is Hamas's position in the context of this conflict?

    Hamas is a militant organization seeking to liberate Palestine and opposes Israeli occupation; however, its actions are deemed terrorist by many.

  • What is the two-state solution?

    The two-state solution proposes the establishment of an independent Palestinian state alongside Israel as a resolution to the conflict.

  • How does the narrator view the media's portrayal of the conflict?

    The narrator critiques media for sensationalizing the situation while neglecting other pressing domestic issues, urging viewers to be informed but not overly polarized.

  • What should an individual's stance be towards the conflict?

    Individuals are encouraged to be informed, but it is not compulsory to take a stance; focusing on local issues is also important.

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  • 00:00:00
    For the last 48 hours, there has been a war going on in our country's social media.
  • 00:00:05
    People have chosen their sides like soldiers, have taken up the front, and are defending their front with heavy firing.
  • 00:00:13
    In the last 48 hours, many have taken Israel's side, many have won with the Palestinians.
  • 00:00:20
    There is a big reason for religion behind this. But Israel-Palestine is not a religious conflict.
  • 00:00:25
    There are Christian Palestinians ... Anyway, that will be an episode in itself.
  • 00:00:29
    But the barbarism with which the terrorists of Hamas killed more than 600 Israelis, has no justification.
  • 00:00:38
    But the way Israel has been deporting Palestinians from their homes for decades, and killing their children, has no justification.
  • 00:00:49
    We have seen that people have made up their minds about Israel-Palestine war.
  • 00:00:57
    Everyone has opinions and taken stand... in five minutes. Maybe no opinion on Manipur but people have made up their minds even on Middle East issues.
  • 00:01:13
    So, we thought we should also make an opinion. We started to get FOMO. Editor asked, what is your opinion?
  • 00:01:19
    So, all the researchers, fact checkers, all worked together on Saturday and Sunday. We all made an opinion.
  • 00:01:28
    But we also understood the context. In what context is all this happening?
  • 00:01:34
    See, there is no justification for terrorism. But if we have to stop terrorism, we need to understand the history behind it. We have made our opinion after 48 hours.
  • 00:01:52
    Many people are not going to like our opinion. But this is not just my opinion. It is the opinion of the nation, of common sense and facts.
  • 00:02:03
    But before knowing this opinion, let's understand what is happening.
  • 00:02:07
    This is Palestine's map in 1917 and this is Palestine's map in 2023.
  • 00:02:13
    If you understand the history of these 100 years, you will understand why 5000 missiles were sent to Israel on 7th October.
  • 00:02:24
    Why did the paragliders attack a nuclear-powered state? Everyone knew the consequences to come.
  • 00:02:31
    I think terrorists also knew what was going to happen. It happened.
  • 00:02:36
    After the unprecedented attack, the one who tricked Israel's Mossad, found it sleeping. Israel's Prime Minister Netanyahu announced that Israel is now in a state of war and the enemies will have to pay a heavy price for it.
  • 00:02:50
    Hamas military commander also said that this war will end the occupation of Palestine.
  • 00:03:03
    At the time of making this video, the war is on. 650 Israeli and 400 Palestinians have died... I am not talking about the injured or the hostages.
  • 00:03:16
    Israel has pushed Hamas back into Gaza Strip. Neighboring Lebanon-based Hezbollah group has also fired rockets at Israel, showing support for Palestine.
  • 00:03:28
    All the big powers of the West are standing with Israel. I think there is hardly any other complicated issue in geopolitics like Middle East.
  • 00:03:37
    Before making opinion on that, we need to know the history of the conflict between Israel and Palestine.
  • 00:03:44
    It is important to understand the context of the war that is going on. If Hamas is a terrorist organization, is Israel a colonial apartheid state?
  • 00:03:55
    What will be the result? Will Israel erase the name and the mark of Gaza? Or can the war spread globally and in the Middle East?
  • 00:04:03
    What is India's stand on this issue? What is India's opinion on this issue? Before making your own opinion, it is important to know this.
  • 00:04:14
    Palestine is the name of this region. This land is considered a sacred land for Christians, Muslims and Jews.
  • 00:04:23
    Since 1500, Palestine has been under the control of Ottoman Empire. Muslims, Jews and Christians lived in peace
  • 00:04:35
    But Jews were persecuted in Europe. I will talk about persecution in another episode.
  • 00:04:44
    A movement starts in 1800s ... The purpose of which is that Jewish people should unite and then make their own country for themselves.
  • 00:04:54
    Because until this does not happen, they will continue to be persecuted. This ideology is called Zionism.
  • 00:05:01
    In 1897, the first Zionist Congress is organized in Switzerland in which it is decided that the holy homeland, that is, the Jewish holy land or holy land will be made in Palestine.
  • 00:05:15
    Some Jewish people, who were already in the Ottoman Empire, started migrating to the Ottoman Empire, in the hope that one day, their country will be established here.
  • 00:05:26
    World War I started in 1914. UK and France were fighting against the Ottoman Empire.
  • 00:05:34
    To weaken the Ottoman empire, British and French governments, they encourage and support Arab groups to rebel against the Ottomans.
  • 00:05:45
    They promise that after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, they will get freedom and support an Arab country.
  • 00:05:56
    Britain and France win and the Ottomans lose. So, it is now time for Britain to recognize the Arab nation.
  • 00:06:07
    British were very deceitful. In 1916, before the end of the war, UK and France signed a secret agreement.
  • 00:06:19
    In Sykes Picot agreement, they plan to divide the Middle East between themselves. The independent Arab country forgotten.
  • 00:06:29
    During the war, England needed the support of the American Jewish community. It was a very influential and powerful community.
  • 00:06:38
    So that the American Jewish community could put political pressure on the American government to help the UK in the war.
  • 00:06:46
    And England promised to make Palestine a Jewish National Home in Balfour declaration.
  • 00:06:55
    Basically, England promised to give Palestine to both Arabs and Jews. It was a double-booking.
  • 00:07:04
    But after the war, England took Palestine in its own hands and made it a British Mandate.
  • 00:07:11
    Because England had promised Jewish National Home. And because of this, more Jews started coming to Palestine.
  • 00:07:19
    Now, the Palestinian Arabs were obviously upset with this migration. But World War II started after that. And there is a Holocaust in Europe.
  • 00:07:28
    And there is a comprehensive ethnic cleansing against Jews. What did Hitler do there? What game did he play against Jews? We have made a long episode on that. You can watch that.
  • 00:07:37
    Because of this holocaust, Jewish people came to Palestine to save their lives. Migration rates spiked there.
  • 00:07:45
    If you look at the maps of 1918 and 1947, you will understand that the Jewish population in 1918 was only 6% of Palestine. It increased to 33%.
  • 00:07:58
    Because of this migration, the anger of the Arab population was natural. World War II was soon over. UK won.
  • 00:08:07
    But the problem was, what to do with Palestine? It was clear that UK couldn't maintain its colony.
  • 00:08:17
    So, UK handed over Palestine to the newly formed United Nations. Treated like orphan child. Now, think about it. How can it be partitioned?
  • 00:08:29
    On one hand, there are Jewish people who have been massacred. They want a country where they can save their lives.
  • 00:08:38
    On the other hand, there are Palestinian Arabs who claim that they were betrayed and their land was taken. On the contrary, people have come to this land from abroad.
  • 00:08:50
    Britishers have declared Jewish National Home. You are putting someone else's deeds on us. You are occupying our land. This is also not right.
  • 00:09:01
    Remember, in Palestine, Jews and Arabs were treated unfairly till 1947. In 1947, another country was treated unfairly.... but we have made a long episode on that which you can watch.
  • 00:09:17
    A committee was formed by the UN and a plan to divide Palestine into two ... two-state solution. One country would be Israel for the Jews. One country would be Palestine for the Arab Muslims.
  • 00:09:29
    Because Jerusalem was so important for everyone - that city will be kept under the direct control of the UN.
  • 00:09:34
    We talked about taking sides. At that time, India voted against this two-state solution in 1947. India wanted a one-state federal system.
  • 00:09:47
    Let's see how India's stand changes. What is your side? Please write in the comments.
  • 00:09:54
    Or don't. Because your side can change. Because our country's side has changed.
  • 00:09:59
    Palestinian Arabs and other Arab nations were against this partition plan. According to them, this was a trick of the Western nations to make Israel a puppet state and continue their colonization and influence in the Middle East.
  • 00:10:14
    They were very opposed to the fact that 55% of historical Palestine had been handed over to Israel.
  • 00:10:23
    On 29th Nov, 1947, partition plan was passed in UN. On 30th November, a war broke out in the region between Palestinian Arab militia and Jewish militia.
  • 00:10:35
    Jewish militia was better trained, better armed, had better support. They had upper hand.
  • 00:10:43
    On 14th May 1948 Israel declares itself independent, and Arab countries declare war on Israel the same day.
  • 00:10:53
    But surprisingly, Israel defeats all the Arab countries.
  • 00:11:00
    Israel takes control of 78% of UN partition plan. They occupied more land.
  • 00:11:10
    7 lakh Palestinians are displaced from their homes during this war. It is called the Palestinian Nakba or catastrophe.
  • 00:11:21
    It has a deep impact on their psychology. This war and displacement is the basis of the Israel-Palestine conflict.
  • 00:11:32
    The foundations of the conflict were set by western nations who did atrocities like colonialism, holocaust
  • 00:11:42
    Western nations who have committed so many atrocities, who have broken promises, and tried to implement a partition plan hastily
  • 00:11:51
    India understands the ramification of this
  • 00:11:57
    Tensions continue between Israel and Arab countries. In 1956, Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal and blocked Israel from using it.
  • 00:12:09
    UK, France and Israel attacked Egypt and captured a lot of land. But there was international pressure. So, they withdrew their troops.
  • 00:12:19
    But this war proved that the Western powers will support Israel whenever needed.
  • 00:12:29
    In 1967, the third Arab-Israel war took place. In 1973, the fourth Arab-Israel war took place.
  • 00:12:35
    In both, Arab countries failed to defeat Israel. And Israel, on the contrary, captured Gaza, West Bank, Sinai and Golan Heights bringing more areas under its control.
  • 00:12:49
    In 1978, relations between Israel and Egypt started to normalize. After so many defeats, Arab countries realized that it is very difficult to defeat Israel in war.
  • 00:13:01
    So, it is best to normalize relations and use diplomatic channels. In 1982, Israel withdrew from occupied territories.
  • 00:13:11
    But still, many Palestinian areas are under Israeli occupation. The biggest loss in these wars is not Egypt or Israel, but the Palestinian people.
  • 00:13:22
    In the 1967 war, 5 lakh Palestinian people became refugees. Different organizations are formed to lead the Palestinian people.
  • 00:13:32
    In 1964, an umbrella organization is formed, PLO - Palestine Liberation Organization.
  • 00:13:38
    UN recognized PLO till 1974. India also recognizes PLO as a representative of Palestinian people.
  • 00:13:48
    But some Palestinian groups said that PLO was too moderate and too soft
  • 00:13:55
    Another organization was formed in 1987. Remember, this is a very important part - A militant organization, Hamas was formed.
  • 00:14:03
    The agenda of Hamas is simple. Free the entire historical Palestine from Israel's control and make it an Islamic state.
  • 00:14:11
    In 1982, a militant organization was established in neighboring Lebanon in response to the Israeli military invasion.
  • 00:14:18
    This organization called itself Hezbollah and this Hamas and Hezbollah are trying to attack Israel now.
  • 00:14:27
    Anti-Israel resistance has been a continuous process in Palestine. The first Intifada happens in 1987. In Arabic, it means rebellion.
  • 00:14:39
    Then, in 2000, another uprising which is more violent than the previous one.
  • 00:14:44
    It is important to understand the thinking of Israel. Why is their action so brutal? Because Israel was attacked from the beginning.
  • 00:14:53
    So, Israel believes that if their policy is not war-oriented and brutal, they will be killed.
  • 00:15:02
    Many people call it Israel's survival instinct. One of the consequences is that Israel's policy was iron fist.
  • 00:15:09
    They repeatedly disinherited Palestinians and suppressed them -curfews and suppression. These policies have increased the rebellion.
  • 00:15:18
    UN organizations have also criticized this style of operation of Israel.
  • 00:15:23
    Now, it is not that they have not tried for peace solutions. In 1993, PLO's leader and Israeli Prime Minister had almost reached a revised two-state agreement
  • 00:15:34
    But, a big obstacle was that in the last 40 years, the Israeli government encouraged and funded many Jewish people to settle in the West Bank.
  • 00:15:48
    These settlers made many settlements in the West Bank. Now the question is, what will happen to them after the two-state solution?
  • 00:15:57
    Oslo accords will divide West Bank into 3 areas
  • 00:16:01
    Part A will be under Palestinian control. Part B will be under joint control. Part C will be under Israel control. Under this agreement, 60% of West Bank will be under Israel control.
  • 00:16:13
    But such plans never work on the ground. Some people in Israel refused to accept this treaty.
  • 00:16:21
    They said that if the Palestinian Authority is recognized, they will demand entire Israel after few years.
  • 00:16:31
    In 1995, Israeli Prime Minister who signed Oslo Accord was assassinated by a Jewish dissident.
  • 00:16:39
    Same thing happening in Palestine. Hamas repeatedly targets PLO saying it is too soft.
  • 00:16:47
    In 2005 tensions rise between Hamas and Fatah, biggest faction of PLO
  • 00:16:55
    In 2006, Hamas won the Palestinian elections. Israel and Western countries consider Hamas to be radical. They announce that they will initiate economic blockade if Hamas formed govt
  • 00:17:11
    Hamas and Fatah were also at war amongst themselves and in the end West Bank was controlled by Fatah and Hamas controlled Gaza strip
  • 00:17:24
    Israel started to blockade Hamas controlled Gaza to weaken Hamas.
  • 00:17:31
    Gaza was like an open air prison in 2006.
  • 00:17:38
    The people of Gaza did not have freedom of movement. Israel does not let them leave Gaza.
  • 00:17:44
    There are constant bombings, detentions, torture and murders in Gaza.
  • 00:17:49
    Israel completely controls the water, electricity and food supply of Gaza. And limits it a lot.
  • 00:17:56
    Basically, Israel is deliberately trying to bring poverty, starvation and slavery for years.
  • 00:18:05
    Many international human rights organizations have called Israel an apartheid state. They treat Arabs as second class citizens.
  • 00:18:18
    Israel's sending of settlers to the West Bank is clearly violating international law.
  • 00:18:29
    Basically act of war was being done. Now the state of war being talked about by Netanyahu was going on for years.
  • 00:18:40
    On Saturday, the state of war escaped Gaza and was revealed to the world.
  • 00:18:50
    Some people call it an act of desperation. Some blame the West for not finding a solution and now they are condemning this attack.
  • 00:19:02
    Politics is behind this attack. Iran's angle that doesn't want a good relationship between Saudi Arabia and Israel.
  • 00:19:11
    Hamas versus Palestinian authority to establish influence
  • 00:19:17
    Conspiracy theorists are not willing to believe that Mossad was not aware of a big attack. Why didn't Israel respond in the initial hours?
  • 00:19:27
    So that they can end the entire game of Palestine because they were attacked?
  • 00:19:34
    Whatever the logic or theory ... The fact is that the terror attack is not justified.
  • 00:19:43
    Now what happened is that Hamas has given a blank cheque to Israel. We raped your women, your children, your elders. Now you can hit us.
  • 00:19:59
    And in the last 24 hours, Israel has done the same. It has done it in a very good way because it knows how to do it.
  • 00:20:08
    So now you will say, now our position should be clear. You said so much.
  • 00:20:13
    Okay, give me two more minutes, I will tell you the position. In this entire conflict, it is important to understand India's first position and after that, you and I can make our position.
  • 00:20:23
    From the beginning, India has supported Palestine. In 1947, India opposed two state solution.
  • 00:20:31
    In 1967, when Israel started the third Israel-Arab war, India criticized Israel and said that all occupied territories should be returned.
  • 00:20:40
    India recognized PLO immediately. India welcomed Palestinian leaders in India and gave economic aid to Palestine.
  • 00:20:51
    Nehru said, Palestine is essentially an Arab country and must remain so and the right of the Jews for a homeland should not come at the expense of a homeland of the Arab population of Palestine.
  • 00:21:02
    Now stop before saying Nehru's mistake. There is more to this.
  • 00:21:07
    Atal Bihari Vajpayee, when he was a foreign minister, he clearly stated that the land on which Israel has occupied for years should be cleared. The rights for Palestinians should be given.
  • 00:21:22
    Manmohan Singh in 2007, Sushma Swaraj in 2016 repeated the same.
  • 00:21:28
    But don't think that India has been anti-Israel. India has played a very fine balancing act.
  • 00:21:36
    In 1950, we recognized Israel and started maintaining diplomatic relations with it - strengthening economic and military ties.
  • 00:21:47
    After 1991, India-Israel ties became even stronger. In the UPA 2 and Modi government, India-Israel relations became even stronger.
  • 00:21:58
    We have seen a shift. We have seen a pro-Israel stand. PM has tweeted about the current conflict and said that India considers Hamas military action as terrorism and not liberation.
  • 00:22:11
    Whatever the history, the accusations, landing in a music festival and killing 250 Israelis - this is not a way to get freedom.
  • 00:22:22
    Still remember that the Modi government has maintained a balancing act on this issue.
  • 00:22:30
    In 2017, Modi goes to Israel, not Palestine. But he also goes to Saudi Arabia, Iran, Qatar, UAE - the regional rivals of Israel. Maintains balance.
  • 00:22:41
    New Delhi hosted Palestinian President Mahmood Abbas in May 2017. Supported the Palestinian cause. Then in 2018, Modi ji goes to Palestine. This time, he doesn't go to Israel. Again balance.
  • 00:22:53
    Look at this letter from 2022. I reiterate India's unwavering support to the Palestinian cause. Modi government, a few months back.
  • 00:23:03
    Why this balancing act? Because, around 1 crore Indian community lives in that region.
  • 00:23:11
    50% of our energy imports come from West Asia. And not just Israel, our security and defence ties are with Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Qatar and Iran.
  • 00:23:20
    And India officially supports a two-state solution. If India govt has not made strong position, or us versys them on this issue. So, why are you trying to take a hard position between Israel and Palestine?
  • 00:23:42
    Yes, we will criticize the terror attack. But this is a bigger issue than a terror attack and has a history.
  • 00:23:51
    And whatever your stand is, after this escalation, a humanitarian disaster is going to happen.
  • 00:23:58
    Remember, we can criticize Israel's acts while condemning ideology of Hamas. Because that is also a crime against humanity.
  • 00:24:09
    Criticizing them is not supporting Hamas. That is why this is so complicated.
  • 00:24:14
    Western powers have destabilized Middle East for decades. Sykes-Picot plan, Partition plan, Unprovoked invasion in Iraq and Libya.
  • 00:24:25
    After so many years of destabilization and constant invasion, they have no moral ground. They spoiled it.
  • 00:24:33
    You make your own opinion. But remember, demanding peaceful two-state solution is different, and celebrating the bombing on Gaza is different, or justifying the terror act of Hamas is different, which many people are trying to do on Twitter.
  • 00:24:49
    In the meantime, Godi media has enjoyed. Russia and Ukraine news got old so they have found a new thing.
  • 00:24:55
    First, a terror attack on Israel. 5000 missiles were fired.
  • 00:25:01
    Israel's precision bombing. 100 flats destroyed in 10 seconds. TRP and TRP - they have made their position.
  • 00:25:09
    But in the last 24 hours, we have seen worse cases than war.
  • 00:25:17
    In Bihar, a truck crashes into a man. Police threw his body into a drain. Why to pick remains...
  • 00:25:29
    In Manipur, a video shows a man being killed in a fight between Meitei and Kuki, and is being burnt in the open.
  • 00:25:38
    Make a position on this issue as well. There is inflation, unemployment, make in India, fake in India, there are so many issues, make a position on them as well.
  • 00:25:46
    Follow the Israel and Palestine news, but taking a stand is not that necessary. No, no, it is not compulsory. It is not written anywhere in the constitution - they will fight.
  • 00:25:53
    They will fight without your stand, without your support. They have been fighting for so many years. You first look at the mess in your house.
  • 00:26:01
    The chaos in your house, first take a stand on that. Israel and Palestine can wait. It is okay.
タグ
  • Israel
  • Palestine
  • Hamas
  • Zionism
  • Conflict
  • Geopolitics
  • History
  • Two-State Solution
  • Global Powers
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