Empires of Ancient Persia explained in 10 minutes ( History of Iran )

00:10:10
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJvxW0xJKxo

概要

TLDRThe video chronicles the rich and complex history of ancient Iranian empires, from the Elamites and their matrilineal rule to the illustrious Persian Achaemenid Empire and the centralized governance of the Sassanian period. It highlights the cultural influences, conflicts with neighboring civilizations like the Greeks and Romans, and the eventual rise of Islam that transformed the region. Key figures such as Cyrus the Great are discussed, showcasing his impact on governance and cultural tolerance. The legacy of these empires is noted as they shaped not only Iran but also the broader regions of Asia and Europe, leaving a lasting cultural imprint that continued even after their fall.

収穫

  • 🏛️ Iran hosts one of the oldest civilizations dating back to 7,000 BC.
  • 🏹 Elamites were key rivals of Sumerians and Babylonians.
  • 👑 Matrilineal succession characterized Elamite rule.
  • 📜 Cyrus the Great established a vast Persian Empire, known for justice and tolerance.
  • ✍️ Darius the Great implemented administrative reforms for governance efficiency.
  • 🏰 The Sassanian Empire showcased urbanization and a stable society.
  • ⚔️ Numerous wars with Rome affected Persian stability and expansion.
  • 🌌 Islamic conquest marked the decline of Sassanian power.
  • ⚖️ Persian culture significantly influenced future Islamic empires.
  • 📅 The area's historical significance continues to resonate today.

タイムライン

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The narrative discusses the ancient civilization of Iran, particularly focusing on the Elamites, who had a matrilineal system of succession and remained influential in the Near East for over two millennia. It details the rise and fall of various tribes and empires, including the Medes, Persians, and Darius the Great, who established a vast empire known for its administration, cultural integration, and advancements that influenced subsequent empires. Significant events like Cyrus's rebellion against the Medes and the establishment of dual capital cities illustrate the complexities of power dynamics and cultural assimilation that shaped the region's history.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:10

    Following the decline of the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the rise of the Parthians and then the Sasanian Empire is outlined, highlighting their distinctive governance styles, social structures, and cultural contributions. The Sasanian era is marked by advancements in trade, urbanization, and a stable society, alongside religious tensions with minorities. Ultimately, the narrative culminates with the Arab conquests that transformed the region, leading to a lasting Persian influence that permeated through Islamic culture, demonstrating how Iranian history remains pivotal to global historical developments.

マインドマップ

ビデオQ&A

  • What was the significance of Elamite culture?

    Elamite culture was significant for its unique matrilineal succession and its rivalry with neighboring civilizations like the Sumerians.

  • Who was Cyrus the Great?

    Cyrus the Great was the founder of the Persian Empire, known for his just rule and tolerance of local customs.

  • What were the key features of the Sassanian Empire?

    The Sassanian Empire was known for its administrative bureaucracy, prosperous society, and revival of Zoroastrianism.

  • How did the Roman Empire interact with the Persian Empire?

    The Romans often battled with the Persian Empire, leading to territorial conflicts and shifts in power.

  • What was the impact of the Islamic conquest on these empires?

    The Islamic conquest led to the swift decline of the Sassanian Empire and the Byzantine Empire, with the conquerors adopting Persian culture.

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  • 00:00:00
    Iran is home to one of the world's
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    oldest continuous major civilizations
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    with historical and urban settlements
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    dating back to 7,000 BC on the periphery
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    of the Iranian plateau that forms a
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    natural massive fortress throughout the
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    late prehistoric period the Elamites
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    city-state of Susa was closely tied
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    culturally to the Sumerians of
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    Mesopotamia these tough Mountain master
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    archers would remain longtime rivals of
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    the Sumerians Acadians Babylonians and
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    Assyrians and will remain an
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    ever-present threat pillaging the cities
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    of the Fertile River Valley in times of
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    strength if the opportunity arose and
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    paying tribute in times of weakness
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    during one of these turbulent periods
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    Elam's unique system of matrilineal
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    succession emerged sovereignty was
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    hereditary through the Royal women and
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    that a new ruler was always a son of a
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    sister of a previous sovereigns family
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    Elamites states were among the leading
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    political forces of the ancient Near
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    East for more than two thousand years
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    Seuss's cultural and political influence
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    also stretched far beyond their borders
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    to the north and east to the growing
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    Iranian tribes of the arid plateau one
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    of these the needs began uniting the
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    tribes and together with the Babylonians
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    would allied together to topple the
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    Assyrian Empire the largest the world
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    had yet seen at the time the Medes would
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    go on to conquer a vast but short-lived
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    Empire with a magnificent capital city
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    at egg batana
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    one of the tribes allied with the Medes
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    were the Persians in 553 their leader
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    cyrus rebelled against his grandfather
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    the meat king of stages establishing a
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    persian capital at the ancient Elamites
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    city of engen he finally won a decisive
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    victory in 550 BC resulting in a stages
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    capture by his own dissatisfied Nobles
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    who promptly turned him over to the
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    triumphant Cyrus the following decade
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    the ancient almight city of Susa fell
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    under Persian control although the meets
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    had been conquered by the Persians they
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    retained a prominent position in status
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    and in war they stood next to their
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    Persian cousins their core ceremony was
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    adopted by their new sovereigns who in
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    the summer months resided in egg batana
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    and the rest of the year in Susa
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    many meet noblemen were employed as
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    officials governors and Generals after
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    the fall of Babylon to Cyrus the
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    venerable city was also made a capital
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    of the Empire and the construction of
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    another capital city a passer date on
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    the Iranian plateau was commissioned
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    that way the Empire could be governed
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    closer to whatever point was most urgent
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    in stark contrast to his Babylonian and
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    Assyrian predecessors Cyrus was known as
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    a just king and tolerant of local
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    religions and customs within his empire
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    he has praised in the Old Testament of
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    the Bible as a righteous ruler this
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    massive Empire stretching from Europe to
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    India was far too large to administer by
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    one man and under Darius the great more
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    than 20 say traps or governors were
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    appointed to administer the provinces
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    where an efficient system of roads were
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    constructed to facilitate communication
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    trade and mobilization of troops
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    throughout the Empire
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    Darius implemented Aramaic is the
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    official language a uniform currency and
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    a standard system of weights and
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    measures throughout the empire he also
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    embarked upon a massive building program
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    in Eck batana Susa passer Gaede where he
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    built the massive Palace complex of
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    Persepolis and the newly conquered
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    province of Egypt the Persian Achaemenid
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    Empire left a lasting impression on the
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    technology heritage and cultural
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    identity of Asia Europe in the Middle
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    East and influenced the development and
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    structure of future empires in fact the
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    Greeks and later Romans adopted the best
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    features of the Persian method of
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    governing and Empire Alexander of
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    Macedon
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    a small Kingdom to the far west of
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    Persia was an avid admirer of Cyrus the
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    Great
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    he conquered most of the Persian Empire
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    by 330 BC and in the aftermath of his
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    death at the age of 32 his empire was
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    divided among his generals one of them
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    Seleucus received Babylonia and expanded
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    his domains to include much of the
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    former eastern provinces of the Persian
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    Empire and then much of the Near East
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    the cell uses Empire formed a unique
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    fusion of Persian and Hellenistic
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    culture and throughout this Empire's
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    existence many Greeks emigrated him to
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    the empire their expansion was halted by
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    the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and their
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    Roman allies
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    and after the disastrous Battle of
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    magnesia the Seleucids were forced to
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    pay crippling war reparations to the
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    Romans greatly weakened from their wars
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    in the West the Seleucids fell prey to
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    the Parthian formerly a dutiful vassal
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    the Parthian were nomadic Iranians
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    speaking people they had migrated from
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    the eastern banks of the Caspian Sea on
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    to the Iranian plateau the Seleucids
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    devolved into a minor state and were
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    eventually cannibalized by the Romans
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    and Parthian 's the Parthian Empire was
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    not as centralised and did not engage in
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    managing the realm to the level to sell
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    you seeds or recommended Persians had
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    instead they functioned as a small
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    warrior elite who ruled his Greek style
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    monarchs from the populated cities of
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    Mesopotamia the plateau was largely self
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    governed by the Persian elite they
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    seldom paid any tax or assimilated into
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    the rest of the Greek and Aramaic
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    speaking population but importantly they
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    supplied the Parthian Kings with a
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    steady supply of skilled horse archers
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    with which they were able to defeat the
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    Romans multiple times in attempts to
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    conquer Parthia although there were
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    numerous civil wars the realm stood
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    relatively peaceful and prosperous as
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    these Wars only typically involved the
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    Parthian warrior class fighting amongst
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    themselves the Roman Emperor Trajan was
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    a first and only Roman to conquer
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    Mesopotamia although this victory was
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    extremely short-lived Trajan was forced
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    to withdraw relinquishing his costly
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    gains the Parthians returned to the
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    Iranian plateau to retake their lands
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    immediately afterwards and after two
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    more costly wars with Rome an internal
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    strife the Parthians were worn thin and
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    overthrown by a native Persian dynasty
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    the sasanian z' in stark contrast to the
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    Parthians decentralized chaotic style of
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    rulership sustained ian's built a large
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    administrative bureaucracy and
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    implemented a massive program of
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    urbanization building and rebuilding
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    thousands of cities throughout the
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    empire society was divided in castes
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    priests warriors artisans and commoners
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    although one was born into a caste one
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    could change by being recognized as
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    having unusual merit in a given area
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    unlike the Roman Empire slavery was
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    uncommon in the sasanian empire the most
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    common being household servants who are
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    entitled to receiving wages and could
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    get married if they wanted to and it was
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    a crime to physically harm a slave
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    within the Empire sasanian civilization
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    is considered a high point of Persian
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    culture where a long-lived populous
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    Empire was stable and prosperous for
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    hundreds of years its trading network
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    stretched far into the Roman Empire
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    India East Africa and China with
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    sasanian sent many emissaries the large
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    number of sasanian coins found in
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    southern China also attest to the high
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    trade volume carried out between the two
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    empires under the sasanian 's orthodoxes
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    o Astron ism the religion of the UH
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    commended empire was revived and after
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    the Roman Emperor Constantine made
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    Christianity to state religion the
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    sasanian followed suit by promoting zou
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    astron ISM above other religions and
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    began imposing extra taxes on Christians
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    but not Jews however most religious
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    violence during the sasanian empire was
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    targeted against the followers of mani
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    and mazda who sought to reform the
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    religion of Zoroastrianism despite the
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    occasional religious upheaval and wars
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    with the Romans the sasanian empire
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    would prove to be one of the most stable
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    and long-lived empires with a high
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    standard of living giving rise to the
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    perception of Persian luxury and
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    sophistication
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    during the redundantly named Byzantine
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    Sicilian lure the sasanian empire
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    reached its greatest extent this was the
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    final and most devastating of a series
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    of wars fought between the Byzantine or
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    Eastern Roman Empire and the sustaining
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    Empire of Persia the Persians laid siege
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    to Constantinople but failed in taking
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    the Roman capital and were beaten back
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    to their original borders by the end of
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    the conflict both sides had exhausted
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    their human and material resources and
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    achieved very little consequently they
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    were left vulnerable to the sudden
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    emergence of the Islamic Russia Dan Kahl
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    famed whose armies invaded both empires
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    only a few years after the war had ended
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    the Arab forces quickly conquered the
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    entire sasanian empire and deprived the
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    Byzantine Empire in its
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    territories in the Levant the Caucasus
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    Egypt in North Africa for centuries the
  • 00:08:49
    Romans and sasanian had both hired Arab
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    mercenaries to fight their wars against
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    each other the armies that poured out of
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    the Arabian desert upon the unexpected
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    weakened empires were treading on very
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    familiar ground this has been Epimetheus
  • 00:09:03
    I hope you have enjoyed this brief
  • 00:09:04
    overview of the ancient empires of Iran
  • 00:09:06
    from the Elamites to the Islamic
  • 00:09:08
    conquest this is truly one of the most
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    impactful areas of the world on history
  • 00:09:13
    even after the Islamic conquest the
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    conquerors became the conquered and
  • 00:09:18
    adopted much of Persian culture and
  • 00:09:20
    exported it throughout the Islamic world
  • 00:09:22
    from the Empire of corazon to that of
  • 00:09:25
    Timur the lame the Iranian plateau has
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    been near the center of world events
  • 00:09:29
    since the beginning of recorded history
  • 00:09:31
    let me know in the comments what empire
  • 00:09:34
    and Iranian or Persian history you find
  • 00:09:36
    most fascinating and would perhaps like
  • 00:09:38
    to see a video on in the future don't
  • 00:09:40
    forget to smash the like button that
  • 00:09:41
    motivates me to keep going and don't
  • 00:09:44
    forget to subscribe and hit the bell
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    icon and get notifications every time I
  • 00:09:48
    make a new video so you don't miss any
  • 00:09:49
    and I'm a one-man operation I do all a
  • 00:09:52
    drawing editing researching writing and
  • 00:09:54
    narrating and I do it on my free time
  • 00:09:56
    and if you would like to help me out
  • 00:09:58
    with my expenses and running this
  • 00:10:00
    channel head over to patreon and I put
  • 00:10:03
    every dollar you donate their back into
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    making these videos even better
タグ
  • Iran
  • Elamites
  • Cyrus the Great
  • Persian Empire
  • Sassanian Empire
  • History
  • Ancient Civilizations
  • Cultural Influence
  • Islamic Conquest
  • Zoroastrianism