Who were the claimants to the throne in 1066? (1/6) | History – The Norman Conquest

00:05:37
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sK4JX0co8I

概要

TLDRThe video outlines the events surrounding the death of King Edward the Confessor and the ensuing struggle for the English throne in 1066. Following Edward's death, England faced vulnerabilities as four main claimants emerged: Edgar the Atheling, Harold Hardrada, Harold Godwinson, and William Duke of Normandy. Each claimant presented their qualifications and claims to the throne. Ultimately, Harold Godwinson, known for his wealth and alliances, was chosen by the Witten and crowned king. However, his reign faced immediate challenges, signaled by the appearance of Hal's Comet, foreshadowing conflict and transformation in England's future.

収穫

  • 👑 England was a wealthy and well-governed state in the 11th century.
  • ⚔️ King Edward the Confessor died without an heir, causing a succession crisis.
  • 📜 Four main claimants to the throne emerged: Edgar, Harold Hardrada, Harold Godwinson, and William.
  • 🏰 Harold Godwinson was crowned king on the same day as Edward's funeral.
  • 🌠 Hal's Comet appeared, signaling impending change and conflict.

タイムライン

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:37

    In the 11th century, England was prosperous and well-governed, ruled by Anglo-Saxons who had successfully repelled Vikings. However, the death of King Edward the Confessor on January 5, 1066, without an heir left the kingdom vulnerable to claimants for the throne, necessitating a decision by the Witen, an assembly of nobles. Among the claimants were Edgar the Aetheling, an inexperienced Anglo-Saxon prince; Harold Hardrada, the King of Norway who believed he was entitled due to a promise made to his father; Harold Godwinson, the Earl of Wessex who was Edward's advisor and claimed the throne based on a deathbed promise; and William, Duke of Normandy, a distant cousin who claimed Edward had promised him the crown. Ultimately, the Witen chose Harold Godwinson as king, fearing invasion. His coronation coincided with Edward's funeral, marking the beginning of a contested reign, foreshadowed by the appearance of Hal's Comet, which many interpreted as a sign of impending turmoil. This marked the start of a significant conflict that would alter the course of English history.

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ビデオQ&A

  • Who were the main claimants to the English throne after King Edward's death?

    The main claimants were Edgar the Atheling, Harold Hardrada, Harold Godwinson, and William Duke of Normandy.

  • What was the significance of Hal's Comet?

    Hal's Comet was believed to be a sign from God indicating a great change was about to happen, marking the start of a war over the crown.

  • Who was crowned king after Edward the Confessor's death?

    Harold Godwinson was crowned king at Westminster Abbey.

  • What was Harold Godwinson's claim to the throne?

    He claimed to be the successor based on Edward's deathbed promise and his position as the late King's advisor.

  • Why was there a struggle for the throne?

    King Edward died without an heir, leading to disputes among multiple claimants.

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  • 00:00:02
    [Music]
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    England in the 11th century was one of
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    the best governed and wealthiest States
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    in all Europe there were plenty of
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    silver coins in circulation and food was
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    generally plentiful the country was
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    ruled by Anglo-Saxons having fought off
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    Vikings for hundreds of years and local
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    sheriffs meant people usually felt safe
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    and secure
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    but on the 5th of January
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    1066 King Edward the Confessor put
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    England in terrible
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    danger he died without leaving a son and
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    air this was a
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    disaster it left the country vulnerable
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    to attack from claimant battling for the
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    prized English crown the new king would
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    need to be chosen by the wit the king's
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    C ccors an assembly of powerful
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    Nobles but there were four people who
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    each believed he was the most entitled
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    to the throne so who would the Witten
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    choose first up was Edgar the aing he
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    was the Anglo-Saxon Prince and great
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    nephew of the late King in 1057 Edward
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    the Confessor had named Edgar's father
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    heir to the throne but he died under
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    suspicious circumstances before he could
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    be crowned aged just 15 his son Edgar
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    lacked both the experience and necessary
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    support to become
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    king next up was the king of Norway
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    Harold hard Roder or hard ruler a
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    formidable Viking Warrior his claim was
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    also based on an earlier promise made to
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    his father between 10:16 and 10:42
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    England had been ruled by Danish Vikings
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    the last of them was hathur knut
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    hathak had named Magnus king of Norway
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    as his
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    successor but when Hatha died the
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    English crown went to hathur Knot's
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    Anglo-Saxon half brother instead none
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    other than Edward the Confessor Magnus
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    died soon afterwards so when the English
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    crown came up for grabs again in 1066
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    Harold hard Radder leapt at the chance
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    to claim back what he believed his
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    father had been
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    denied then there was Harold godwinson
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    an Anglo-Saxon who believed he should be
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    Edward's
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    successor Harold was the Earl of Wessex
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    the richest man in the kingdom and had
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    good alliances with all the major Nobles
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    of England he had been the late King's
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    advisor governing the country on Edward
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    the confessor's behalf whilst the King
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    was busy with his religious Pursuits
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    King Edward had even married Harold's
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    sister Edith Harold also claimed the
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    late King had promised him the throne on
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    his deathbed this assertion was backed
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    up by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles but
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    this was hardly surprising as Harold was
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    an
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    Anglo-Saxon and finally there was
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    William Duke of Normandy a distant
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    cousin of the late King Edward the
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    Confessor had lived in Normandy for 25
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    years prior to his coronation so he
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    actually knew William better than his
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    English Nobles England had been ruled by
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    Anglo-Saxons or Vikings for the last 200
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    years William was
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    neither William claimed that King Edward
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    had promised him the throne and this of
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    course was the version reported by the
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    Norman
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    chroniclers what's more William had many
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    supporters including the Pope in Rome
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    which meant in effect he also had the
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    backing of God
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    to top it off William declared that in
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    1064 Harold godwinson had sworn loyalty
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    to him on sacred relics as Illustrated
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    on the greatest of all surviving Norman
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    records the biotapestry if this was true
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    Harold was probably forced to do so and
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    after all the biotapestry was
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    commissioned by William's
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    brother so here are the four main
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    claimants but only one of them could be
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    king the Witten chose English Harold
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    godwinson and fearing an invasion
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    promptly crowned him King at Westminster
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    Abbey which was coincidentally the same
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    day that King Edward the Confessor had
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    his
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    funeral but just because Harold had now
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    become king didn't mean he would stay
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    King on the 24th of April Hal's Comet
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    appeared in the sky it was believed to
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    be a sign from God indicating a great
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    change was about to
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    happen some even called it the Terror of
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    Kings whatever the interpretation
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    history tells us it was the start of a
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    war over the crown which would transform
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    England
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    [Music]
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    forever
タグ
  • England
  • 11th century
  • King Edward the Confessor
  • Harold Godwinson
  • claimants to the throne
  • Hal's Comet
  • political turmoil
  • Norman Conquest
  • Anglo-Saxon
  • Witten