Bach - A Passionate Life

01:29:14
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZVn9NZqyxs

概要

TLDRLe film examine la vie et l'œuvre de Johann Sebastian Bach, l'un des compositeurs les plus influents de l'histoire. Bach a influencé de nombreux compositeurs, de la musique classique aux genres plus modernes tels que le jazz et la pop. Bien que l'on sache peu de choses sur sa vie personnelle, les documents disponibles et ses compositions révèlent beaucoup sur son caractère et ses croyances profondes. Bach a été fortement influencé par le réformateur Martin Luther, qui a transformé le culte religieux en intégrant davantage de musique. Ce film explore également les défis personnels de Bach, notamment la perte de ses parents et enfants et les tensions avec ses employeurs. Sa musique, toujours marquée par des thèmes de consolation et de foi, reste une source d'inspiration et de réconfort pour beaucoup aujourd'hui. Malgré les difficultés, Bach a exprimé une ambition incessante de créer une "musique de l'église bien réglementée" pour la gloire de Dieu.

収穫

  • 🎵 Johann Sebastian Bach a influencé de nombreux compositeurs classiques et modernes.
  • 🕊️ Sa musique est marquée par des thèmes de consolation et de foi.
  • 🎨 Luther a eu un impact majeur sur sa vision religieuse et musicale.
  • 📜 Peu de détails sont connus de sa vie personnelle, mais sa musique parle pour lui.
  • 🎶 Sa maîtrise des formes musicales comme le cantate et la fugue est inégalée.
  • 🤝 Les tensions avec ses employeurs ont marqué sa carrière professionnelle.
  • 🏛️ Son engagement envers une musique d'église bien réglementée est central dans son œuvre.
  • 🎤 Bach était également connu pour ses talents d'improvisateur et d'interprète.
  • 🎻 Ses œuvres pour violon solo ou orgue restent des monuments du répertoire.
  • 🌟 La singularité de son génie musical reste une source de fascination.

タイムライン

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    Le film explore l'influence de Johann Sebastian Bach sur la musique, de Mozart aux Beatles, et commence par une analyse de l'image austère de Bach, contrastée par la vivacité et l'énergie de sa musique. L'auteur souhaite tester ses intuitions sur la personnalité de Bach à travers l'analyse de sa musique et de discussions avec des experts.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    Le film continue en explorant les influences de Martin Luther sur Bach, en particulier la manière dont Luther a transformé l'usage de la langue et de la musique dans le culte chrétien. La musique de Bach est profondément ancrée dans les croyances luthériennes.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    Le narrateur revient sur les débuts de Bach, sa famille musicale, et son enfance marquée par des pertes tragiques. La mort de ses parents a eu un impact profond sur lui à un jeune âge, mais elle a aussi été un catalyseur pour son développement musical.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    Le film s'attarde sur la relation entre Bach et son frère aîné, Johann Christoph, qui a peut-être été l'un de ses premiers enseignants. On explore la complexité du génie de Bach qui ne peut être expliqué ni par la génétique ni uniquement par l'éducation musicale.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:25:00

    Il est suggéré que Bach a puisé une partie de sa formation musicale auprès de Georg Böhm à Lunebourg. De nouvelles preuves, sous forme de manuscrits récents, renforcent cette hypothèse, bien que Bach ait toujours prétendu être autodidacte.

  • 00:25:00 - 00:30:00

    La jeunesse de Bach est marquée par son premier emploi à Arnstadt, où il se confronte avec autorité et innovation musicale, provoquant souvent des tensions. Un incident célèbre est exploré, où un désaccord avec un bassoniste eskale en confrontation physique.

  • 00:30:00 - 00:35:00

    Bach trouve de nouvelles opportunités musicales à Mühlhausen, se marie et exprime son désir de créer de la « musique d'église bien régulée à la gloire de Dieu ». Cependant, des conflits locaux limitent son travail, le poussant à chercher ailleurs.

  • 00:35:00 - 00:40:00

    À Weimar, Bach s'immerge dans la musique italienne influençant ses œuvres, notamment ses célèbres cantates. Cependant, des tensions politiques et les restrictions imposées par ses employeurs limitent sa liberté, conduisant à un emprisonnement.

  • 00:40:00 - 00:45:00

    Après Weimar, Bach accepte un poste à Köthen où pour la première fois il dispose d'excellents musiciens. Il compose un large éventail d'œuvres séculaires. Cependant, le décès soudain de son épouse Maria Barbara Bach marque une nouvelle épreuve personnelle pour lui.

  • 00:45:00 - 00:50:00

    À Leipzig, Bach accepte une position centrale mais se heurte aux attentes et aux rivalités politiques. Malgré cela, il commence une période de créativité intense, composant de nombreuses cantates et passions, illustrant toute la richesse émotionnelle et technique de son art.

  • 00:50:00 - 00:55:00

    La passion pour St John, bien que mal reçue initialement, est le sommet de cette période créative. Bach utilise des techniques dramatiques et structurelles novatrices pour élever la narration biblique à un niveau d'intensité musicale profond.

  • 00:55:00 - 01:00:00

    À Leipzig, Bach se tourne ensuite vers les chorals, introduisant des œuvres variées et souvent légères, tout en continuant à exploiter des thèmes religieux et sérieux, malgré les défis continus avec les autorités municipales.

  • 01:00:00 - 01:05:00

    Malgré le succès de son œuvre religieuse, les tensions croissantes avec le conseil de Leipzig conduisent à une réduction de la production de musique d'église de Bach, mais lui permettent également de s'essayer à la musique profane dans des cadres moins formels.

  • 01:05:00 - 01:10:00

    La messe en si mineur de Bach, composée dans l'espoir d'obtenir un titre à Dresde, représente une synthèse de ses styles et techniques musicaux. Cependant, sa relation avec ses employeurs reste tourmentée, en partie à cause de son caractère rigide.

  • 01:10:00 - 01:15:00

    Une des caractéristiques distinctives de l'œuvre de Bach est l'utilisation cryptique de son propre nom B A C H dans sa musique, symbolisant peut-être son engagement personnel et sa marque unique immortalisée dans son art.

  • 01:15:00 - 01:29:14

    Bach meurt à Leipzig à l'âge de 65 ans. Sa musique tombe d'abord dans l'oubli posthume mais est redécouverte et célébrée pour sa profondeur et sa perfection, établissant sa place durable dans l'histoire de la musique.

もっと見る

マインドマップ

Mind Map

よくある質問

  • Quels musiciens ont été influencés par Bach ?

    Johann Sebastian Bach a influencé non seulement les compositeurs classiques comme Mozart, Mendelssohn, Beethoven, et Brahms, mais aussi des musiciens de jazz et de pop comme Duke Ellington et les Beatles.

  • Quel a été l'impact de Martin Luther sur la vie de Bach ?

    Le réformateur Martin Luther a eu une énorme influence sur Bach, notamment en transformant la manière de célébrer le culte avec une plus grande implication de la musique et des chants.

  • Quels étaient les principaux défis personnels dans la vie de Bach ?

    Bach a eu une vie marquée par la perte de ses parents à un très jeune âge, la perte de plusieurs de ses propres enfants, et des conflits avec ses employeurs.

  • Bach était-il aussi connu pour être un interprète de musique ?

    Oui, en plus d'être compositeur, il était aussi interprète, connaissant un grand succès en tant qu'organiste et violoniste virtuose.

  • D'où Bach tirait-il son inspiration musicale ?

    Bach a puisé dans des chœurs populaires et des thèmes religieux pour s'inspirer et composer des pièces qui résonnent encore aujourd'hui.

  • Quels sont quelques-unes des œuvres les plus connues de Bach ?

    Les passions de Bach, en particulier la Passion selon Saint-Matthieu et la Passion selon Saint-Jean, sont célèbres pour leur puissance dramatique et émotionnelle.

  • Quels thèmes reviennent fréquemment dans la musique de Bach ?

    La musique de Bach évoque souvent des thèmes de consolation, de réconfort dans le chagrin, et de foi, reflétant ses propres expériences de perte et de souffrance.

  • Quelle était l'ambition déclarée de Bach dans sa carrière musicale ?

    Il souhaitait créer une "musique de l'église bien réglementée" à la gloire de Dieu, ce que montre bien son dévouement à composer de la musique religieuse.

  • Comment Bach exprimait-il ses frustrations face aux défis qu'il rencontrait à Leipzig ?

    Il a exprimé ses frustrations à travers des documents comme l'"Eingaben" où il se plaignait de manquer de musiciens de qualité pour interpréter ses compositions.

  • Comment le film décrit-il le "génie" de Bach ?

    L'idée de génie est souvent difficile à expliquer et pourrait être vue autant comme le fruit de conditions uniques que comme une singularité inexplicable.

ビデオをもっと見る

AIを活用したYouTubeの無料動画要約に即アクセス!
字幕
en
オートスクロール:
  • 00:00:00
    [Music]
  • 00:00:05
    Johan Sebastian Bak is the ultimate
  • 00:00:08
    composers composer influencing countless
  • 00:00:11
    others who followed him from Mozart to
  • 00:00:13
    mendleson Beethoven to brahs and not
  • 00:00:17
    just in classical music from Duke
  • 00:00:19
    Ellington to The Beatles musicians in
  • 00:00:21
    jazz and pop have also Fallen under his
  • 00:00:23
    spell and learned from his
  • 00:00:26
    techniques B is still The Benchmark a
  • 00:00:29
    musical gold
  • 00:00:32
    standard we know very little about B's
  • 00:00:35
    life there are only a few facts to go on
  • 00:00:38
    and our image of him is skewed by
  • 00:00:40
    statues and paintings of a Stern
  • 00:00:42
    forbidding figure in a frock coat and a
  • 00:00:44
    powdered wig but then there's the
  • 00:00:47
    [Music]
  • 00:00:52
    music and the music tells us something
  • 00:00:54
    completely different about him it's full
  • 00:00:57
    of energy full of Dance full of life
  • 00:01:01
    over a lifetime of getting to know
  • 00:01:03
    singing and conducting BX music I formed
  • 00:01:06
    a series of hunches about his
  • 00:01:07
    personality and character and in this
  • 00:01:10
    film I want to test them out with fellow
  • 00:01:12
    B enthusiasts and Scholars and perform
  • 00:01:15
    some of his most important works to see
  • 00:01:17
    what they can tell us about the
  • 00:01:19
    extraordinary man who composed them he
  • 00:01:21
    really throws everything at it you know
  • 00:01:24
    it's just such an overwhelming
  • 00:01:26
    exploration of what it is to be a human
  • 00:01:28
    being
  • 00:01:30
    I think he's a scientist at work and
  • 00:01:32
    instead of using the language of
  • 00:01:34
    mathematics he's a scientist using
  • 00:01:36
    [Music]
  • 00:01:38
    music the level of inspiration on which
  • 00:01:40
    he works is I I think unparalleled in
  • 00:01:43
    the rest of
  • 00:01:47
    [Music]
  • 00:01:49
    Music such Splendor and wonderfulness
  • 00:01:53
    that on its own would convince me that
  • 00:01:54
    there was a God if I felt inclined to
  • 00:01:56
    take that um conclusion from in this
  • 00:01:59
    film I want to build a new Statue of Bah
  • 00:02:03
    to see if we can detect a beating heart
  • 00:02:05
    and a more approachable personality
  • 00:02:08
    underneath the
  • 00:02:10
    [Music]
  • 00:02:21
    wig my own engagement with Bak began as
  • 00:02:23
    a small child growing up on a farming
  • 00:02:25
    Dorset just before the war a refugee
  • 00:02:28
    from Nazi Germany arrived red with a
  • 00:02:30
    painting in his Rock sack one that his
  • 00:02:32
    great-grandfather had bought in a junk
  • 00:02:33
    shop and he asked my father to look
  • 00:02:35
    after it for him it was one of only two
  • 00:02:38
    portraits painted of JS Bach in his
  • 00:02:44
    lifetime so I passed it every day of my
  • 00:02:46
    life until I was 10 when the painting
  • 00:02:48
    was sold and moved to Princeton New
  • 00:02:51
    Jersey this is the first time I've seen
  • 00:02:53
    it since
  • 00:02:55
    1953 what's so striking to me seeing it
  • 00:02:58
    again is the intensity of his gaze I
  • 00:03:01
    mean those
  • 00:03:02
    eyes it's just extraordinary they're so
  • 00:03:06
    penetrative I still feel there's a
  • 00:03:09
    division between the upper half of his
  • 00:03:11
    face and the bottom half the upper half
  • 00:03:13
    is so intense it's got that Beetle
  • 00:03:17
    browed slightly myopic
  • 00:03:20
    look below that you see somebody quite
  • 00:03:23
    different
  • 00:03:24
    somebody much more approachable somebody
  • 00:03:27
    who enjoyed the good things of life a
  • 00:03:30
    bon VI who enjoyed his tobacco and his
  • 00:03:33
    wine and his beer and there's plenty of
  • 00:03:35
    records of what he drank and the father
  • 00:03:38
    of 20 children and two
  • 00:03:43
    wives we know pitifully few hard facts
  • 00:03:46
    about B there's very little to go on and
  • 00:03:48
    only a handful of personal
  • 00:03:51
    letters but as in any good detective
  • 00:03:53
    story it's often the gaps the seeming
  • 00:03:56
    contradictions in the tale that are as
  • 00:03:58
    suggestive and intriguing as the hard
  • 00:04:00
    evidence
  • 00:04:05
    available we do know that Johan
  • 00:04:07
    Sebastian was born on the 21st of March
  • 00:04:10
    1685 in aenar in the middle of modern
  • 00:04:13
    day
  • 00:04:15
    [Music]
  • 00:04:21
    Germany this is the so-called Bak house
  • 00:04:24
    now a museum devoted to him until
  • 00:04:27
    recently it build itself as the house
  • 00:04:29
    where Bak was born and where he grew up
  • 00:04:32
    we now know that's definitely not the
  • 00:04:34
    case as with so much of his life exactly
  • 00:04:37
    where Bach was born remains a
  • 00:04:42
    mystery Johan Sebastian was baptized
  • 00:04:45
    here at 2 days old in St George's Church
  • 00:04:47
    in
  • 00:04:49
    aenar later he sang Here in the
  • 00:04:52
    choir as a child he said to have had an
  • 00:04:54
    unusually fine treble
  • 00:04:57
    voice 200 years before him there was
  • 00:04:59
    another corer who stood in exactly the
  • 00:05:01
    same place now that was Martin
  • 00:05:05
    Luther and Luther created a revolution
  • 00:05:08
    here in this part of
  • 00:05:11
    Germany B's whole life was to be
  • 00:05:13
    profoundly influenced by Luther's
  • 00:05:16
    Reformation Luther set in train a new
  • 00:05:18
    way of worship it totally transformed
  • 00:05:21
    the role of language and music in
  • 00:05:24
    church B's own music was filtered
  • 00:05:26
    through his strongly held Lutheran
  • 00:05:28
    beliefs and upbringing
  • 00:05:32
    Luther preached his Reformation here in
  • 00:05:34
    the Goran Kira in
  • 00:05:36
    1521 and then he
  • 00:05:40
    disappeared actually he hadn't gone far
  • 00:05:43
    in fact in the greatest of secrecy
  • 00:05:45
    Luther was in hiding up here in the vorg
  • 00:05:48
    the imposing castle that looms above the
  • 00:05:51
    town of
  • 00:05:54
    [Music]
  • 00:05:58
    aenar
  • 00:05:59
    [Music]
  • 00:06:02
    his Reformation had made Luther the Most
  • 00:06:04
    Wanted Man in
  • 00:06:07
    [Music]
  • 00:06:08
    Europe so this is a little room where
  • 00:06:11
    Luther lived for 10 months here he was
  • 00:06:15
    hold up imprisoned really for his own
  • 00:06:18
    good because he was on the run from the
  • 00:06:21
    pope from the
  • 00:06:23
    emperor he was desperately constipated
  • 00:06:26
    the Lord has struck me in the rear he
  • 00:06:28
    said and he thought that the the devil
  • 00:06:31
    was pelting him with walnuts from the
  • 00:06:37
    ceiling Luther decided that his best
  • 00:06:40
    weapon to use against the devil was
  • 00:06:43
    black ink and in a matter of weeks he
  • 00:06:47
    sat down at this desk and he wrote a
  • 00:06:51
    translation from the Greek of the New
  • 00:06:54
    Testament and it wasn't just in any old
  • 00:06:57
    German he decided that he needed to
  • 00:06:59
    amalgamate 18 different
  • 00:07:02
    dialects and in effect he established
  • 00:07:05
    the roots of the German language as we
  • 00:07:08
    know
  • 00:07:09
    it not only did Luther want the Bible to
  • 00:07:12
    be in the language of the people he also
  • 00:07:14
    wanted them to be able to join in the
  • 00:07:16
    music something that in the Catholic
  • 00:07:18
    church was much more the province of
  • 00:07:20
    train
  • 00:07:21
    [Music]
  • 00:07:24
    choirs Luther was convinced that music
  • 00:07:27
    added extra expression and eloquence to
  • 00:07:29
    the biblical texts the notes make the
  • 00:07:33
    words come alive he
  • 00:07:35
    wrote In fact without music man is
  • 00:07:38
    little more than a
  • 00:07:40
    stone so the words appealed to the
  • 00:07:43
    intellect and music appeal to the
  • 00:07:45
    passions and besides why should the
  • 00:07:48
    devil have all the good
  • 00:07:49
    Tunes Luther and his followers made sure
  • 00:07:52
    he didn't they coralled secular tunes
  • 00:07:55
    that everybody knew including quite
  • 00:07:57
    Earthly love songs and then set them to
  • 00:07:59
    new words so the congregation could belt
  • 00:08:02
    them out in
  • 00:08:04
    church hymns or corals written by Luther
  • 00:08:07
    and his followers became absolutely
  • 00:08:09
    Central to Protestant worship and of
  • 00:08:11
    course to the music of
  • 00:08:14
    [Music]
  • 00:08:14
    [Applause]
  • 00:08:17
    Bah the impact of the reformer Luther on
  • 00:08:20
    the impressionable young Bak was
  • 00:08:23
    immeasurable it shaped his whole view of
  • 00:08:25
    the world it bolstered his sense of
  • 00:08:28
    worth as a c
  • 00:08:29
    musician and it reinforced his service
  • 00:08:32
    to the
  • 00:08:33
    church it's such an announcement a
  • 00:08:36
    proclamation of the arrival on Earth of
  • 00:08:38
    the Christ child relish the words relish
  • 00:08:40
    them
  • 00:08:45
    [Music]
  • 00:08:58
    so
  • 00:09:06
    [Music]
  • 00:09:28
    for
  • 00:09:31
    [Music]
  • 00:09:47
    B's Destiny was to become a musician
  • 00:09:49
    music was the family
  • 00:09:52
    business in this part of Germany in the
  • 00:09:55
    heart of the singian forest the Bak
  • 00:09:57
    family were thick on the ground
  • 00:10:00
    and they provided a support system to
  • 00:10:01
    each other and they carved up the
  • 00:10:03
    different roles of organist and Cantor
  • 00:10:06
    and Housman which is the head of the
  • 00:10:08
    local wind band between them and in fact
  • 00:10:12
    they became almost so important here
  • 00:10:15
    that the word b and musician became
  • 00:10:19
    [Music]
  • 00:10:24
    synonymous the B Clan knew how to let
  • 00:10:26
    their hair down and often got together
  • 00:10:29
    focous family
  • 00:10:31
    celebrations Sebastian the youngest of
  • 00:10:34
    eight brothers and sisters was thus
  • 00:10:35
    surrounded by music at home in church
  • 00:10:38
    and in
  • 00:10:40
    school I have in my hand what was
  • 00:10:42
    probably the most precious book of Bar's
  • 00:10:46
    childhood certainly the one that he used
  • 00:10:49
    every single day of his life until he
  • 00:10:50
    left
  • 00:10:51
    aenar it's
  • 00:10:54
    theang the song Book used in church and
  • 00:10:57
    used in school
  • 00:10:59
    and it has wonderful copper
  • 00:11:02
    Engravings which show David and Solomon
  • 00:11:05
    in the temple surrounded by their Temple
  • 00:11:08
    musicians and the connections that Bak
  • 00:11:11
    must have made in his mind between his
  • 00:11:13
    family of the most famous musicians in
  • 00:11:15
    the area with a long dynastic lineage
  • 00:11:19
    going all the way back to
  • 00:11:23
    Solomon because he wrote so many
  • 00:11:25
    masterpieces of Sacred Music in the 19th
  • 00:11:28
    century religiously inclined writers
  • 00:11:30
    like to picture Bak as a saintly figure
  • 00:11:33
    a kind of fifth evangelist to match the
  • 00:11:35
    goody two shoes image of his childhood
  • 00:11:38
    but in recent years this picture started
  • 00:11:40
    to
  • 00:11:42
    change this is a book containing the
  • 00:11:45
    records of B's school performance and it
  • 00:11:47
    gives us his syllabus of classes that he
  • 00:11:50
    attended and it also shows that for
  • 00:11:52
    example in the third year he came 46th
  • 00:11:58
    out of 89
  • 00:11:59
    pupils and what's more it tells us that
  • 00:12:03
    he missed 96 separate
  • 00:12:08
    classes this is a fascinating document
  • 00:12:10
    because it's somehow slipped under the
  • 00:12:12
    radar it's a report on school conditions
  • 00:12:16
    in the Latin School where Bak was a
  • 00:12:18
    pupil and it shows the lack of textbooks
  • 00:12:21
    the overcrowding the cheeking of the
  • 00:12:23
    Masters the throwing of bricks Through
  • 00:12:26
    the Windows all sorts of Proto ganism
  • 00:12:30
    and it's been kind of neatly ired out of
  • 00:12:33
    all the the biographies and so it's
  • 00:12:35
    really interesting to come to light
  • 00:12:41
    now since the fall of the Berlin wall
  • 00:12:43
    and the reunification of Germany more
  • 00:12:46
    documents have come to light that
  • 00:12:48
    greatly enhance our knowledge of Bak in
  • 00:12:51
    particular the Bak archives in leich
  • 00:12:53
    have made huge strides in discovering
  • 00:12:55
    more about the composer's working
  • 00:12:57
    methods and for the first time opened
  • 00:12:59
    their doors to
  • 00:13:01
    researchers all the significant
  • 00:13:03
    documents about B many Originals some
  • 00:13:06
    copies are
  • 00:13:07
    here when Bak was 50 he suddenly got a
  • 00:13:11
    Fascination for family roots and family
  • 00:13:14
    trees genealogy so he wanted to give
  • 00:13:16
    himself legitimacy in some way and
  • 00:13:20
    here's an example and it shows the whole
  • 00:13:23
    Bak family starting with the legendary
  • 00:13:26
    figure of fight Bach who arrived from
  • 00:13:27
    Hungary in in the middle of the 16th
  • 00:13:29
    century and it goes all the way through
  • 00:13:32
    to Bak himself who's over here and then
  • 00:13:36
    his children and his grandchildren
  • 00:13:38
    you'll notice every single member of the
  • 00:13:40
    Bak family is a man all Bloks not a
  • 00:13:44
    single
  • 00:13:46
    woman but mothers sisters and aunts must
  • 00:13:49
    have participated in the family music
  • 00:13:50
    making so was it nature or nurture that
  • 00:13:54
    we have to thank for the genius of Bah
  • 00:13:57
    when he was 50 he did family tree um and
  • 00:14:00
    he also assembled pieces of his
  • 00:14:02
    ancestors music and there was one person
  • 00:14:04
    that he singled out as being a profound
  • 00:14:06
    composer another one who he singled out
  • 00:14:08
    as being um an able composer but there
  • 00:14:11
    obviously wasn't anybody of enormous
  • 00:14:13
    quality until he came along and yet he
  • 00:14:15
    was one of five brothers Four Brothers
  • 00:14:18
    uh how come he and not the others popped
  • 00:14:21
    up above the parid he's such a good
  • 00:14:23
    example uh because he really undermines
  • 00:14:27
    any simplistic explanation of his genius
  • 00:14:30
    of Genius I mean if if you had a genetic
  • 00:14:33
    explanation then the genes would have
  • 00:14:35
    gone through throughout the the bark
  • 00:14:38
    family in fact why did they take so long
  • 00:14:39
    to generate bark you know so many
  • 00:14:41
    generations um and I think all these
  • 00:14:44
    more General explanations on the basis
  • 00:14:46
    of genes even on the basis of the
  • 00:14:48
    musical culture that surrounded him do
  • 00:14:50
    not deliver the singular genius that he
  • 00:14:52
    was and it's a Pity in a way we can't
  • 00:14:55
    accept the singularity of people who are
  • 00:14:57
    manifestly unique we just can't bear the
  • 00:15:00
    idea that genius is
  • 00:15:04
    unexplained but that's not to say Bak
  • 00:15:06
    was self-taught his father's cousin
  • 00:15:09
    Johan Kristoff was the profound composer
  • 00:15:12
    he referred to his music only recently
  • 00:15:15
    rediscovered is the link between bak and
  • 00:15:17
    the earlier German
  • 00:15:20
    tradition Johan Kristoff may also have
  • 00:15:23
    been Sebastian's first teacher at the
  • 00:15:24
    organ an instrument he was to make his
  • 00:15:27
    own
  • 00:15:30
    but Johan Kristoff's life was a
  • 00:15:31
    cautionary Tale in a sense the life of
  • 00:15:35
    Johan Kristoff Bach exemplifies the
  • 00:15:38
    problems that musicians had at the
  • 00:15:41
    time they shuttle between the service of
  • 00:15:45
    the church or of the court or
  • 00:15:47
    occasionally of the M
  • 00:15:49
    municipality and in Kristoff's case he
  • 00:15:53
    had all manner of domestic problems he
  • 00:15:55
    was shunted also from Pillar To Post
  • 00:15:58
    here in the town the town wouldn't give
  • 00:16:01
    him a proper dwelling he had illness in
  • 00:16:05
    his family he was underpaid and he was
  • 00:16:08
    thoroughly querulous and miserable about
  • 00:16:10
    it and died in
  • 00:16:12
    penury but there's another side to it
  • 00:16:14
    and this is one that Sebastian May well
  • 00:16:17
    have picked up from his Elder cousin
  • 00:16:19
    which is that as a composer you can
  • 00:16:23
    Channel all that frustration
  • 00:16:26
    and disappointment into music and The
  • 00:16:30
    Marvelous thing is about Johan
  • 00:16:32
    Kristoff's music and Sebastian's music
  • 00:16:34
    is that it has this wonderfully
  • 00:16:37
    consoling and uplifting quality to
  • 00:16:43
    [Music]
  • 00:16:47
    it most of all Bark's music offers us
  • 00:16:50
    Bal and comfort in
  • 00:16:52
    bereavement the subject of death appears
  • 00:16:55
    again and again throughout his music as
  • 00:16:57
    it did in his own own
  • 00:16:59
    life this is the Town
  • 00:17:02
    Cemetery and isak's Old City walls are
  • 00:17:04
    here on the right and just beyond it is
  • 00:17:08
    the school where Bak went the old
  • 00:17:10
    Dominican
  • 00:17:11
    cler and somewhere here in unmarked
  • 00:17:15
    graves are those of his parents
  • 00:17:17
    Elizabeth and
  • 00:17:19
    Ambrosius Elizabeth died when Bak was
  • 00:17:22
    scarely 9 years old and then N9 months
  • 00:17:25
    later his father ambrosus died as well
  • 00:17:29
    and bakas the youngest son and member of
  • 00:17:31
    the local Parish
  • 00:17:33
    choir had to witness the whole event and
  • 00:17:37
    sing while the ceremony was going on and
  • 00:17:40
    the slow tolling of the bell and as the
  • 00:17:45
    coffin was lowered into the grave he and
  • 00:17:48
    his fellow chers sang Luther's words
  • 00:17:51
    Mitten via iminent in the midst of life
  • 00:17:54
    we in
  • 00:17:57
    death his whole world must have
  • 00:18:02
    collapsed his first wife was to die at
  • 00:18:04
    the age of just
  • 00:18:06
    35 even in an age of high infant
  • 00:18:09
    mortality of his 20 children only 10
  • 00:18:12
    were to reach
  • 00:18:17
    adulthood after his parents died
  • 00:18:19
    Sebastian and his elder brother yakob
  • 00:18:21
    went to live with a sibling they hardly
  • 00:18:23
    knew Johan Kristoff 14 years older than
  • 00:18:27
    Sebastian he was a church organist at
  • 00:18:29
    Oru only 30 m up the road but it could
  • 00:18:32
    have been a world
  • 00:18:35
    away I've come across documents in the
  • 00:18:37
    local archives that show that conditions
  • 00:18:39
    in Sebastian's School in U Were every
  • 00:18:42
    bit as deplorable as in the one he'd
  • 00:18:43
    left behind in isak ruffianism and
  • 00:18:46
    loutish behavior were R here too and
  • 00:18:50
    there was a sadistic teacher but
  • 00:18:52
    curiously B's grades improved B was the
  • 00:18:55
    youngest son of quite a big family and
  • 00:18:58
    then suddenly he lost both parents
  • 00:19:00
    before his 10th birthday and he then
  • 00:19:02
    went to live with his elder
  • 00:19:04
    brother how much of a trauma can that
  • 00:19:07
    have been for him what you're describing
  • 00:19:09
    is a triple bereavement there's losing
  • 00:19:11
    the parents there's losing the home New
  • 00:19:14
    Town new place I'd say that is pretty
  • 00:19:18
    difficult for any child we do have a lot
  • 00:19:21
    of research showing that this kind of
  • 00:19:23
    early bereavement and uprooting can scar
  • 00:19:26
    people for life do you think his school
  • 00:19:29
    grades are relevant and interesting here
  • 00:19:31
    because when he was an eak when he was
  • 00:19:34
    still um with his parents he played
  • 00:19:37
    truant an awful lot after he moves into
  • 00:19:40
    his older brother's house his school
  • 00:19:42
    grades rocket they go way up so there's
  • 00:19:45
    a big change there does do you think
  • 00:19:47
    that's to do with the orphanhood again
  • 00:19:50
    I'm speculating but what what I'm what
  • 00:19:52
    I'm hearing here is that there was a
  • 00:19:53
    horrible horrible environment in the
  • 00:19:54
    school but maybe there was a little bit
  • 00:19:56
    of protection from the home then he
  • 00:19:58
    loses the home so now the whole world is
  • 00:20:01
    a doggy dog situation there's only one
  • 00:20:03
    person he can rely on and that's himself
  • 00:20:06
    which would explain why he has to be
  • 00:20:08
    good at school now doesn't he he has to
  • 00:20:11
    because basically if you show weakness
  • 00:20:14
    if you are weak you suffer and you go
  • 00:20:18
    under at the age of 15 Bak was awarded a
  • 00:20:21
    singing scholarship at a school in
  • 00:20:23
    lunberg 230 Mi to the north he walked
  • 00:20:26
    the whole way with a school friend gor
  • 00:20:29
    Erman who would re-enter the bach story
  • 00:20:31
    30 years
  • 00:20:32
    [Music]
  • 00:20:39
    later B spent three years in lunberg
  • 00:20:42
    from the age of 15 to 18 his voice would
  • 00:20:45
    have broken almost as soon as he got
  • 00:20:47
    there so what was he doing in the
  • 00:20:49
    meantime this is one of the great
  • 00:20:51
    puzzles of Bach's life one thing we do
  • 00:20:54
    know is that while he was at lunberg
  • 00:20:56
    Bach was acquainted with one of ger his
  • 00:20:58
    leading musical figures goog boom a
  • 00:21:01
    composer and a renowned organist also
  • 00:21:03
    born in turingia like Bak
  • 00:21:10
    himself this is a letter that Carl
  • 00:21:12
    Philip Emanuel wrote to Bark's first
  • 00:21:15
    biographer Johan Nicholas
  • 00:21:18
    fle telling him all the bits and pieces
  • 00:21:21
    that he could remember about his father
  • 00:21:23
    and the particularly interesting thing
  • 00:21:25
    here is when he refers to his former
  • 00:21:28
    teacher G
  • 00:21:30
    burm he crosses it
  • 00:21:34
    out why having written that burm was his
  • 00:21:36
    father's teacher did Emanuel think
  • 00:21:38
    better of it and erase the
  • 00:21:42
    reference in 2005 a suggestive new clue
  • 00:21:46
    came to
  • 00:21:47
    light some leaves of organ tablature for
  • 00:21:50
    many years wrongly cataloged in a German
  • 00:21:52
    Library were rediscovered by Lish arist
  • 00:21:56
    Michelle Mau
  • 00:21:59
    when I read the the Latin phrase at the
  • 00:22:02
    end of the manuscript um copied after a
  • 00:22:05
    manuscript of gor burm in the year of
  • 00:22:09
    1700 in lunberg and I know one person
  • 00:22:13
    who was in 1700 in lunor and was very
  • 00:22:15
    interested in very good organ music and
  • 00:22:20
    that's the young JS bar after comparing
  • 00:22:23
    the manuscript with the other examples
  • 00:22:26
    we can be absolutely sure that no one
  • 00:22:29
    else than b is the writer of these
  • 00:22:31
    manuscripts I mean this is the missing
  • 00:22:34
    piece in the puzzle isn't it because it
  • 00:22:35
    says that he he wrote this on paper
  • 00:22:38
    belonging to Gil burm so he went and
  • 00:22:41
    maybe became a student or an apprentice
  • 00:22:45
    to GB yes and under his supervision
  • 00:22:49
    wrote out this very difficult piece
  • 00:22:53
    which proves that he played this music
  • 00:22:54
    so he was already a
  • 00:22:56
    virtuoso
  • 00:23:01
    did Emanuel suddenly remember that his
  • 00:23:03
    father for some reason didn't wish his
  • 00:23:05
    relationship with gor burm to be known
  • 00:23:08
    did he acknowledge that he learned from
  • 00:23:10
    other people did he
  • 00:23:11
    acknowledge their greatness this is
  • 00:23:13
    fascinating because when he made remarks
  • 00:23:16
    about possible teachers his son Emmanuel
  • 00:23:19
    just erased them so bu didn't want that
  • 00:23:22
    to be known he wanted everybody to know
  • 00:23:24
    that he' done it entirely on his own off
  • 00:23:27
    his own bat if he had this assumption
  • 00:23:30
    that you have got to have power and you
  • 00:23:32
    should never show weakness he would be
  • 00:23:34
    very poor in acknowledging those
  • 00:23:38
    sources at the age of 18 b as well as
  • 00:23:40
    being a virtuosa organist was a
  • 00:23:42
    competent violinist in 173 he left lunor
  • 00:23:46
    to return to the family stamping ground
  • 00:23:49
    in anad only 30 mi from where Sebastian
  • 00:23:52
    was born the city fathers had put a tax
  • 00:23:54
    on beer in order to pay for a brand new
  • 00:23:56
    organ for the NAA here here B was hired
  • 00:24:00
    to test the new organ and then to play
  • 00:24:02
    it in audition in front of the Thirsty
  • 00:24:04
    citizens he landed the job on more money
  • 00:24:07
    than his father had ever earned but
  • 00:24:09
    there was a catch the council insisted
  • 00:24:12
    that he provide new
  • 00:24:14
    music all he had at his disposal was a
  • 00:24:17
    rag tag and bulp tail band made up of
  • 00:24:20
    mature students thus B began his career
  • 00:24:23
    as a composer but not in exactly
  • 00:24:25
    auspicious circumstances he wrote a
  • 00:24:28
    canata his first in which there's a very
  • 00:24:32
    important bassoon
  • 00:24:33
    obligato a solo for the bassoon in three
  • 00:24:36
    of the
  • 00:24:38
    movements it was a banana
  • 00:24:41
    skin the bassoon part starts innocuously
  • 00:24:45
    enough honking away at a steady old lick
  • 00:24:48
    but then comes a basson's worst
  • 00:24:51
    [Music]
  • 00:24:56
    nightmare
  • 00:25:02
    in the space of about two and a half
  • 00:25:04
    bars he sends the bassoon through a
  • 00:25:08
    whole list of different Keys involving
  • 00:25:11
    very very very complicated fingerings
  • 00:25:14
    deliberately or not B had set a trap for
  • 00:25:16
    his resident
  • 00:25:17
    bassoonist he was writing for a fellow
  • 00:25:21
    called Gay asbach who in rehearsal made
  • 00:25:25
    a complete hash of it and Bak was
  • 00:25:28
    exasperated to the point when he he
  • 00:25:30
    called him aiple
  • 00:25:32
    fagotti which can be translated
  • 00:25:34
    variously as a nanny goat bassoon or a
  • 00:25:38
    green horn
  • 00:25:39
    bassoon but in reality Bak was calling
  • 00:25:42
    him a
  • 00:25:44
    prick yet another translation is
  • 00:25:47
    bassoonist breaking wind after eating a
  • 00:25:49
    green
  • 00:25:50
    onion however gas Bach understood the
  • 00:25:52
    term he didn't like what he was
  • 00:25:56
    hearing the insult clearly
  • 00:25:59
    rankled and gasbar plotted his
  • 00:26:02
    revenge and he and his cronies well
  • 00:26:05
    oiled after a party
  • 00:26:07
    christening sat in wait for
  • 00:26:10
    Bak here in the Town Square Bak was
  • 00:26:13
    making his way back from playing music
  • 00:26:16
    at the castle nidek castle and was taken
  • 00:26:20
    completely by surprise and garbach came
  • 00:26:23
    up to him and demanded an apology and
  • 00:26:25
    then took his cudu and hit B smack
  • 00:26:27
    across the face Bak in self-defense drew
  • 00:26:31
    his
  • 00:26:31
    Rapier and there was a scuffle a major
  • 00:26:35
    scuffle and it was only the other
  • 00:26:36
    students who eventually stopped the
  • 00:26:38
    whole
  • 00:26:42
    thing no doubt to Bach's Fury the church
  • 00:26:45
    Council sided with garbach according to
  • 00:26:47
    the records and that was far from the
  • 00:26:49
    last of the problems Bach was accused of
  • 00:26:52
    introducing strange harmonies into his
  • 00:26:54
    organ music which upset the old deers of
  • 00:26:56
    the parish
  • 00:26:58
    he played either far too long or not
  • 00:27:00
    long enough and he slipped off down to
  • 00:27:02
    the pub once he smuggled a strange girl
  • 00:27:06
    into his organ LOF to make
  • 00:27:08
    music the final straw came when he asked
  • 00:27:11
    for 4 weeks leave to visit the renowned
  • 00:27:13
    organist bookster Huda walking the whole
  • 00:27:16
    260 Mi up to
  • 00:27:18
    Lubec in fact he was away 4 months not 4
  • 00:27:22
    weeks and was aily dismissive when he
  • 00:27:25
    was asked to explain himself what we now
  • 00:27:28
    see is patterns of behavior that had
  • 00:27:31
    their origins in the unhealthy
  • 00:27:34
    environment of his early schooling first
  • 00:27:36
    in aenar and then in U patterns of anger
  • 00:27:41
    patterns of dealing with authority in a
  • 00:27:44
    very Surly and uncompromising way
  • 00:27:48
    impatience and a kind of
  • 00:27:51
    self-assuredness that was bound to rub
  • 00:27:53
    people up the wrong
  • 00:27:56
    way
  • 00:27:59
    [Music]
  • 00:28:02
    bark is commemorated in anad by this
  • 00:28:05
    curious recent statue in Jack the Lad
  • 00:28:08
    pose perhaps in a nod to his feisty and
  • 00:28:10
    fractur stay
  • 00:28:12
    [Music]
  • 00:28:16
    here his time in anad came to an end
  • 00:28:19
    when in
  • 00:28:20
    177 he was offered a new post 50 Mi up
  • 00:28:23
    the road in
  • 00:28:25
    mous the city had been thriving but it
  • 00:28:28
    was B's bad luck to arrive just after a
  • 00:28:31
    disastrous fire had wreak havoc in the
  • 00:28:33
    city caught up in a local dispute
  • 00:28:36
    between the clergy B moved on in less
  • 00:28:38
    than a year but two significant things
  • 00:28:41
    happened first age 22 he married his
  • 00:28:44
    cousin Maria
  • 00:28:45
    Barbara and then he wrote one of the
  • 00:28:48
    most important documents we have here's
  • 00:28:50
    a letter that b wrote to the muaz and
  • 00:28:53
    Town Council explaining the reasons why
  • 00:28:57
    he handed in his resignation and the
  • 00:29:00
    interesting thing from our point of view
  • 00:29:01
    is that he defines his enek as he called
  • 00:29:04
    it his final ambition his goal in
  • 00:29:07
    life the key phrase is a well-regulated
  • 00:29:11
    church music to the glory of
  • 00:29:15
    God Germany was on the brink of the
  • 00:29:18
    Enlightenment the Scientific Revolution
  • 00:29:20
    had been in full swing for over a
  • 00:29:22
    century but Superstition was still R
  • 00:29:25
    here as late as the 1730s witches would
  • 00:29:27
    being burnt at the
  • 00:29:29
    stake the 30 Years War had ended in 1648
  • 00:29:32
    and in its wake came a strong Revival of
  • 00:29:35
    Lutheranism Bak took it upon himself to
  • 00:29:37
    lay down the new and the Old Testament
  • 00:29:40
    Commandments with renewed
  • 00:29:42
    [Music]
  • 00:29:54
    [Applause]
  • 00:29:54
    [Music]
  • 00:29:56
    Force
  • 00:29:58
    [Music]
  • 00:30:26
    those
  • 00:30:28
    [Applause]
  • 00:30:32
    [Music]
  • 00:30:51
    [Applause]
  • 00:30:56
    the
  • 00:30:57
    [Music]
  • 00:31:15
    [Applause]
  • 00:31:19
    in 178 Bak left MH Hasen for the elegant
  • 00:31:22
    Court of viar this was a real turning
  • 00:31:25
    point for the first time in his life he
  • 00:31:27
    was able to call on good quality
  • 00:31:29
    musicians but as so often in his career
  • 00:31:32
    there was a snag in fact there were two
  • 00:31:33
    of them fart was ruled by a pair of
  • 00:31:36
    Dukes an uncle and nephew team it was a
  • 00:31:40
    recipe for
  • 00:31:41
    disaster the musicians were employed by
  • 00:31:44
    both but the uncle made it known to the
  • 00:31:47
    musicians that if they played for his
  • 00:31:49
    nephew they would be liable to be
  • 00:31:52
    flogged dismissed out of hand in fact
  • 00:31:54
    there was one poor horn player who was
  • 00:31:56
    dismissed on the spot flogged and then
  • 00:31:59
    eventually hung as an example terrible
  • 00:32:02
    example to all the other musicians what
  • 00:32:04
    would happen if they stepped out of
  • 00:32:08
    [Music]
  • 00:32:14
    line one might imagine that in such a
  • 00:32:16
    fraught tense situation nothing creative
  • 00:32:19
    could have come out of B's time in viar
  • 00:32:21
    but of course the opposite is true it
  • 00:32:23
    was a hugely stimulating time for him
  • 00:32:26
    his first encounter with the Italian
  • 00:32:28
    music of Vivaldi and of Kelli and so on
  • 00:32:32
    and from Bar's own compositional
  • 00:32:34
    activity it was an enormously important
  • 00:32:36
    time we got the beginnings of his really
  • 00:32:39
    really important keyboard works and not
  • 00:32:42
    only that his canatas amazing canatas
  • 00:32:46
    that he started to write for VMA for the
  • 00:32:49
    capella and performed up in the
  • 00:32:52
    [Music]
  • 00:32:56
    himburg
  • 00:33:01
    originally a canata was a small intimate
  • 00:33:03
    Italian piece for solo voice and a
  • 00:33:06
    couple of
  • 00:33:07
    instruments but soon it was taken over
  • 00:33:09
    by German composers in the century
  • 00:33:11
    before B and was associated with the
  • 00:33:14
    Lutheran
  • 00:33:15
    liturgy but by the time B came along it
  • 00:33:19
    had grown into something almost
  • 00:33:22
    gargantuan his 200 pieces last anything
  • 00:33:25
    from 25 to 30 minutes each occupied a
  • 00:33:29
    place somewhere between the reading of
  • 00:33:31
    the lesson and the sermon and they
  • 00:33:34
    reflected the theme of the day as it
  • 00:33:37
    were you pity the unfortunate preacher
  • 00:33:40
    who had to follow music as eloquent as
  • 00:33:45
    [Music]
  • 00:33:55
    this
  • 00:34:00
    [Music]
  • 00:34:18
    [Music]
  • 00:34:22
    for
  • 00:34:23
    [Music]
  • 00:34:25
    me
  • 00:34:29
    [Music]
  • 00:34:33
    BK demonstrates his fantastic ability to
  • 00:34:35
    set a scene in this case Jesus knocking
  • 00:34:38
    at the door of the human
  • 00:34:40
    [Music]
  • 00:34:55
    heart
  • 00:34:58
    [Music]
  • 00:35:05
    come to
  • 00:35:07
    [Music]
  • 00:35:24
    see
  • 00:35:25
    my
  • 00:35:27
    [Music]
  • 00:35:34
    [Music]
  • 00:35:43
    B wrote more than 20 katas in viar but
  • 00:35:46
    having proved his early Mastery of the
  • 00:35:48
    form he suddenly
  • 00:35:49
    stopped the Court's musical director had
  • 00:35:52
    died and when the resulting vacancy was
  • 00:35:54
    filled by his son a musical ity and not
  • 00:35:57
    by B his reaction was to down tools he
  • 00:36:01
    simply stopped
  • 00:36:04
    composing it went from bad to worse when
  • 00:36:08
    B asked to leave his employee the fiery
  • 00:36:10
    vham oun had him thrown into jail B thus
  • 00:36:13
    became one of the few composers in
  • 00:36:15
    history to do hard
  • 00:36:17
    time some of his music technically the
  • 00:36:20
    property of his employer may have stayed
  • 00:36:22
    on at viar 70 years later the himburg
  • 00:36:25
    burnt to the ground
  • 00:36:27
    and B's music was lost
  • 00:36:30
    forever after a month in prison B headed
  • 00:36:33
    off to the job he'd been hankering after
  • 00:36:35
    all
  • 00:36:36
    along that of Capel Meister he joined a
  • 00:36:40
    music loving Prince Leopold at the
  • 00:36:42
    castle in curtain not far from Vima as
  • 00:36:45
    his music director and it was the
  • 00:36:47
    beginning of a wonderful new phase in
  • 00:36:50
    his life five and a half years of
  • 00:36:52
    relative trouble-free
  • 00:36:54
    composition the first time in his life
  • 00:36:56
    where he's away from the church he's in
  • 00:36:59
    a secular environment because he doesn't
  • 00:37:02
    have to write church music Prince
  • 00:37:04
    Leopold is a calvinist there's no
  • 00:37:05
    requirements of Lutheran Church music at
  • 00:37:07
    his court B is settled with his family
  • 00:37:09
    and he has a sympathetic and extremely
  • 00:37:12
    music conscious and music enthusiastic
  • 00:37:16
    boss Bach completed the famous
  • 00:37:18
    Brandenburg conas at curtain as well as
  • 00:37:21
    a set of solo cello Suites which are
  • 00:37:23
    today amongst his most popular works
  • 00:37:26
    [Music]
  • 00:38:09
    [Music]
  • 00:38:36
    just as Bach was for once happy and
  • 00:38:39
    settled tragedy struck while he was on a
  • 00:38:42
    trip to Bohemia with the prince the only
  • 00:38:44
    time Bach ever left Germany his wife
  • 00:38:47
    Maria Barbara died unexpectedly and was
  • 00:38:50
    buried before he returned and could be
  • 00:38:51
    told of her death their marriage seems
  • 00:38:54
    to have been a happy one and this sudden
  • 00:38:56
    bement was another crushing blow for
  • 00:38:59
    b no one knew better than he how
  • 00:39:02
    terrifyingly unpredictable and
  • 00:39:04
    assignation with death could
  • 00:39:06
    [Music]
  • 00:39:20
    [Music]
  • 00:39:25
    be
  • 00:39:31
    [Music]
  • 00:39:36
    a year and a half after his first wife
  • 00:39:38
    died Bak married Anna magdalina a
  • 00:39:41
    professional singer at the curtain Court
  • 00:39:43
    16 years as Junior she was to Bear him
  • 00:39:45
    another 13 children seven of whom died
  • 00:39:48
    in
  • 00:39:50
    infancy for his new wife and at her
  • 00:39:53
    request Bak gathered together the music
  • 00:39:55
    of the Anam mag Delina notebooks also at
  • 00:39:58
    curtain he began the 48 preludes and
  • 00:40:01
    fugues of the well-tempered clavier it's
  • 00:40:03
    typical of B that to test out a new
  • 00:40:05
    tuning system he wrote two pieces for
  • 00:40:08
    each key major and minor for me the
  • 00:40:11
    driving thing for bar I think must have
  • 00:40:13
    been um this obsessive rigor I mean this
  • 00:40:16
    is someone who I think you know in
  • 00:40:19
    writing a collection of keyboard Works
  • 00:40:21
    in every key I think it's not just that
  • 00:40:24
    that's available to him I think he
  • 00:40:26
    couldn't possibly have done it any other
  • 00:40:28
    way I think he would have had to have
  • 00:40:29
    explored every single key and done it
  • 00:40:31
    again
  • 00:40:33
    twice Bark's inventiveness is proved by
  • 00:40:36
    a puzzle contained in the music he's
  • 00:40:37
    showing us in the famous portrait I
  • 00:40:39
    passed every day as a child on the face
  • 00:40:42
    of it the piece is straightforward
  • 00:40:43
    enough it's incredibly simple it sounds
  • 00:40:46
    um just almost like a nursery
  • 00:40:49
    [Music]
  • 00:40:55
    rhyme
  • 00:40:57
    but that's the version that we see as he
  • 00:41:00
    shows it to us in the portrait but from
  • 00:41:03
    his perspective what do we see well if
  • 00:41:06
    you turn the music up the other way
  • 00:41:08
    around and read it backwards what you
  • 00:41:11
    get is
  • 00:41:14
    [Music]
  • 00:41:21
    this in other words what's in my head
  • 00:41:24
    and what you see and what you hear at
  • 00:41:26
    two different things yeah I think he's
  • 00:41:27
    got like a secret smile and he's he's
  • 00:41:30
    not quite looking at it is he so he
  • 00:41:32
    knows something that we don't and I love
  • 00:41:34
    the fact that it took a 100 years for
  • 00:41:36
    people to start working it out the clue
  • 00:41:39
    is in the title it's a piece not for
  • 00:41:41
    three but for six
  • 00:41:44
    voices if you move the reverse version
  • 00:41:48
    by a bar you get this incredible
  • 00:41:51
    six-part um bit of pop music really
  • 00:41:59
    [Music]
  • 00:42:08
    it's so simple so complex do you
  • 00:42:12
    subscribe to the view that a lot of his
  • 00:42:14
    music is numerological that it is
  • 00:42:17
    reflecting not simply just his own name
  • 00:42:20
    but actually that he as a starting
  • 00:42:23
    mechanism would rule the paper and
  • 00:42:26
    measure out the number of bars that he
  • 00:42:27
    was actually going to use or is that
  • 00:42:29
    just
  • 00:42:30
    baloney I think it was a hugely creative
  • 00:42:35
    structural mechanism for him but that
  • 00:42:39
    was an intuition that he had around
  • 00:42:42
    numbers and the appeal of numbers for
  • 00:42:44
    him and I think he had an almost
  • 00:42:47
    obsessive enjoyment of pattern which for
  • 00:42:50
    me is the mark of a scientist as well
  • 00:42:52
    scientists look for and respond to
  • 00:42:54
    pattern in nature and when they find it
  • 00:42:56
    they try and categorize it and put rules
  • 00:42:58
    around it and then they try and break
  • 00:42:59
    the rules and that's the fun bit is
  • 00:43:01
    playing with the pattern that they find
  • 00:43:03
    and I think it's an intuition that he
  • 00:43:04
    has not as a mathematician as such but
  • 00:43:07
    more broadly as a
  • 00:43:09
    scientist in his own lifetime B was far
  • 00:43:12
    more famous as a performer than as a
  • 00:43:15
    composer he wrote many pieces for the
  • 00:43:17
    organ an instrument on which he was
  • 00:43:19
    renowned as an improviser of Genius he
  • 00:43:22
    also stretched the boundaries of another
  • 00:43:24
    instrument he himself performed on
  • 00:43:26
    writing a series of solo dance suites
  • 00:43:28
    for the
  • 00:43:30
    violin there are lighter ahead of
  • 00:43:33
    anything that was written for the solo
  • 00:43:35
    violin ever before he just takes the
  • 00:43:38
    violin to a completely different into a
  • 00:43:40
    different
  • 00:43:41
    realm and asks from the violin to do
  • 00:43:43
    very unvis things like triple stops
  • 00:43:47
    quadruple stops um uh polyphonic uh
  • 00:43:51
    writing fugues you know fugues were
  • 00:43:54
    written for harpsicord and for organs
  • 00:43:55
    and for orchestras but not for one solo
  • 00:44:00
    [Music]
  • 00:44:10
    [Applause]
  • 00:44:11
    [Music]
  • 00:44:25
    violin
  • 00:44:28
    that that is storytelling too it's a
  • 00:44:30
    story if you like about four notes about
  • 00:44:32
    D C B flat and
  • 00:44:34
    a but it's but it's also a soliloquy
  • 00:44:38
    it's a very dramatic um argument in a
  • 00:44:42
    similar way to hamlets to be or not to
  • 00:44:44
    be where you've got a voice um arguing
  • 00:44:47
    with itself and listening to the AR the
  • 00:44:51
    to the counterarguments and and and
  • 00:44:53
    arguing with the counterarguments and
  • 00:44:55
    speaking against the C and and so
  • 00:45:00
    [Music]
  • 00:45:10
    on there's the continual wonder that he
  • 00:45:13
    brings it about in the way that he does
  • 00:45:15
    which seems to be an absolute Miracle a
  • 00:45:18
    piece of such Splendor and and and and
  • 00:45:22
    wonderfulness that it on its own would
  • 00:45:24
    convince me that there would that there
  • 00:45:26
    was a God if I felt inclined to take
  • 00:45:28
    that um conclusion from
  • 00:45:30
    [Music]
  • 00:45:54
    it
  • 00:45:57
    [Music]
  • 00:46:19
    aged 38 B was now at the very peak of
  • 00:46:22
    his
  • 00:46:24
    powers but his lifetime's goal his envc
  • 00:46:28
    of writing a well-regulated church music
  • 00:46:31
    to the glory of God had been on hold for
  • 00:46:34
    the past 6
  • 00:46:38
    years the opportunities for writing
  • 00:46:40
    church music to a high standard only
  • 00:46:42
    came to Bak very very rarely in his life
  • 00:46:45
    it didn't come in anat it didn't come in
  • 00:46:48
    mhen it came for a while in viar not at
  • 00:46:52
    all in curtain because in curtain he was
  • 00:46:55
    working in a calvinistic court and then
  • 00:46:57
    he had this big
  • 00:46:59
    break suddenly he saw an opportunity to
  • 00:47:02
    put his life's ambition into effect in
  • 00:47:06
    1723 there was a vacancy in leish one of
  • 00:47:09
    the most important cultural centers in
  • 00:47:11
    Germany and a thriving Cosmopolitan
  • 00:47:14
    City Cano of the tomasula one of the
  • 00:47:17
    oldest and most prestigious quoir
  • 00:47:19
    schools in Europe founded in
  • 00:47:22
    1212 this was a full-on boys choire the
  • 00:47:26
    younger ones singing treble and Alto the
  • 00:47:28
    older ones tenor and bass and playing
  • 00:47:32
    instruments it was a great
  • 00:47:34
    opportunity but there were problems in
  • 00:47:37
    plenty awaiting
  • 00:47:38
    him besides music B's duties would also
  • 00:47:42
    include teaching the boys other school
  • 00:47:44
    subjects but he drew the line at
  • 00:47:45
    teaching them
  • 00:47:47
    Latin what's more only a thin party wall
  • 00:47:50
    would separate the boys's dormitories
  • 00:47:52
    and classrooms from Bach's own private
  • 00:47:54
    living quarters
  • 00:47:56
    bu's determination to see his church
  • 00:47:58
    music project through eventually
  • 00:48:01
    overcame his reservations in April 1723
  • 00:48:04
    he showed up at the Ley City Hall to be
  • 00:48:06
    interviewed and offered the job so
  • 00:48:09
    despite all his misgivings b decided to
  • 00:48:11
    throw in his lot and to accept the title
  • 00:48:15
    of Thomas Cur and director of the city
  • 00:48:18
    music here in
  • 00:48:20
    leig so he signed his contract and he SW
  • 00:48:25
    feel on the Holy
  • 00:48:29
    Bible one of the counselors is on record
  • 00:48:31
    as saying since the best man couldn't be
  • 00:48:34
    obtained mediocre ones would have to be
  • 00:48:36
    accepted the truth is that neither party
  • 00:48:39
    to this contract could have guessed what
  • 00:48:40
    they were letting themselves in for in
  • 00:48:42
    B's own words hindrance and
  • 00:48:45
    vexation from the moment he set foot in
  • 00:48:47
    leish B found himself caught in the
  • 00:48:50
    political Crossfire between different
  • 00:48:52
    factions on the city
  • 00:48:53
    council music since it it carried with
  • 00:48:56
    it an element of cultural Prestige
  • 00:48:58
    formed a part of those political
  • 00:49:00
    tensions on the one hand on the city
  • 00:49:02
    council were those loyal to the elector
  • 00:49:05
    who wanted a modern Capel Meister one
  • 00:49:07
    who could bring real International
  • 00:49:09
    Prestige to the city and they were B's
  • 00:49:11
    natural allies but opposed to them were
  • 00:49:14
    the Estates party who wanted a
  • 00:49:16
    traditional Cantor tied into the school
  • 00:49:19
    system with all its regulations and with
  • 00:49:21
    all its teaching duties and that
  • 00:49:24
    throttled Bar's room for
  • 00:49:27
    maneuver before these problems boiled to
  • 00:49:29
    the surface B set to work it used to be
  • 00:49:32
    thought that his canatas well over 200
  • 00:49:34
    of them and the two great passions were
  • 00:49:37
    composed over the whole 27 years he
  • 00:49:38
    spent in
  • 00:49:40
    liip but in the 1950s an astonishing
  • 00:49:43
    Discovery was made by a careful
  • 00:49:46
    examination of the watermarks on the
  • 00:49:47
    original scores and parts Scholars
  • 00:49:50
    discovered that the greater part of the
  • 00:49:51
    canatas and passions were actually
  • 00:49:53
    produced in a white hot Frenzy of just 3
  • 00:49:57
    years now how he kept up that Rhythm how
  • 00:50:00
    he managed to sustain that level of
  • 00:50:03
    intensity and creativity is just beyond
  • 00:50:06
    belief particularly when you consider
  • 00:50:09
    B's living
  • 00:50:10
    conditions this is a model of the Thomas
  • 00:50:12
    School the original building was torn
  • 00:50:15
    down in
  • 00:50:15
    19002 here B and his family lived right
  • 00:50:19
    next to the school boys there wasn't
  • 00:50:21
    enough room for all the kids and they
  • 00:50:22
    slept two to a bed and I mean there must
  • 00:50:25
    have been a heck of a lot of background
  • 00:50:27
    noise and and he had to concentrate to
  • 00:50:30
    produce these phenomenal pieces and then
  • 00:50:33
    to supervise their copying out in his
  • 00:50:36
    own room I think so but you wonder how
  • 00:50:40
    he could ever have had any sort of
  • 00:50:41
    private life in this sort of outfit I
  • 00:50:44
    mean the conditions being so cramped and
  • 00:50:46
    the noise and the descriptions of of
  • 00:50:49
    mice and rats running up and down the
  • 00:50:51
    staircases as well yeah they probably
  • 00:50:53
    had a a different concept of private
  • 00:50:56
    life back then
  • 00:50:59
    time Bach didn't just have to write 25
  • 00:51:02
    minutes of new music each week he also
  • 00:51:04
    had to get it copied into individual
  • 00:51:06
    parts for the musicians to sing and play
  • 00:51:07
    from his already cramped lodgings now
  • 00:51:10
    had to accommodate not just his large
  • 00:51:12
    family but also cousins and living
  • 00:51:14
    apprentices to help with a never-ending
  • 00:51:17
    copying
  • 00:51:18
    out in the pressure cooker atmosphere of
  • 00:51:22
    the tomasula and this devastating Pace
  • 00:51:26
    that b had set himself things started to
  • 00:51:28
    go wrong if you look at this you'll see
  • 00:51:30
    there's a frenzy in the writing it's
  • 00:51:33
    almost as though he has hardly has time
  • 00:51:35
    to actually put the beams of the
  • 00:51:37
    semiquavers and Demi semiquavers into
  • 00:51:39
    the page they look like bamboo in a in a
  • 00:51:43
    hurricane and here's something
  • 00:51:45
    interesting because this is kuna one of
  • 00:51:47
    his favorite copyists and Bak leaning
  • 00:51:50
    over to see what kuna's copied notices
  • 00:51:52
    that his name has been misspelled b a c
  • 00:51:57
    c he gives them a hell of a cuff across
  • 00:52:00
    the
  • 00:52:01
    eold and the ink flies across the
  • 00:52:04
    page and here's another example a cousin
  • 00:52:07
    Johan Heinrich came to liip and B put
  • 00:52:11
    him to work immediately in the sweat
  • 00:52:13
    shop of copying he's made a complete
  • 00:52:16
    hash of it he's written out the Corral
  • 00:52:18
    in the wrong cleff and mistos it so he
  • 00:52:22
    has to cross it all out and B himself
  • 00:52:25
    has to LEAP in and write out the Corral
  • 00:52:27
    neatly at the end I mean what a
  • 00:52:30
    plonker here you can see B painstakingly
  • 00:52:33
    trying to repair the damage against the
  • 00:52:35
    clock to make sure that there weren't
  • 00:52:37
    terrible errors on the music stands when
  • 00:52:39
    when it came to the one and only
  • 00:52:40
    rehearsal before the canata was
  • 00:52:43
    [Music]
  • 00:52:51
    performed be it B had constantly to
  • 00:52:54
    adjust his Museum to the talents and
  • 00:52:56
    skills of his available musicians but
  • 00:52:59
    also he had to lure in University
  • 00:53:01
    students in exchange for private music
  • 00:53:03
    lessons there's something about B's
  • 00:53:06
    orthography his his handwriting which
  • 00:53:09
    suggests already the gesture the
  • 00:53:11
    direction of a phrase in some cases B
  • 00:53:15
    was forced to pay for extra musicians
  • 00:53:16
    from his supplementary earnings made
  • 00:53:18
    from playing at weddings and
  • 00:53:24
    funerals
  • 00:53:30
    at the end of each frantic week Bak
  • 00:53:32
    unveiled his latest
  • 00:53:34
    canata what the leish congregation made
  • 00:53:37
    of these towering works frustratingly we
  • 00:53:40
    simply don't
  • 00:53:41
    know all we do know is that plenty of
  • 00:53:43
    people would have heard them leipsig was
  • 00:53:46
    known as the city of churches it's been
  • 00:53:49
    estimated that on a normal Sunday of a
  • 00:53:52
    population of 30,000 n ,000 parishioners
  • 00:53:57
    and members of society were crammed into
  • 00:53:59
    these two churches the Thomas Kia the
  • 00:54:02
    Nikolai Kia and bulging from the seams
  • 00:54:05
    of the other churches in the
  • 00:54:07
    town thus every week B had an audience
  • 00:54:11
    10 or a dozen times bigger than in any
  • 00:54:12
    Opera House unfortunately people at the
  • 00:54:15
    main churches tended to behave as if
  • 00:54:17
    they were in an opera house much to the
  • 00:54:19
    fury of the
  • 00:54:21
    clergy the preachers very often think
  • 00:54:23
    they don't listen carefully to the
  • 00:54:25
    sermons uh that's for sure you get all
  • 00:54:27
    kinds of complaints about people
  • 00:54:28
    flirting in church people sleeping in
  • 00:54:30
    church people um throwing paper
  • 00:54:33
    airplanes in church and taking snuff in
  • 00:54:35
    church and dogs coming Church ABS
  • 00:54:38
    absolutely some Churches employ special
  • 00:54:40
    dog whippers to to trying to get get the
  • 00:54:42
    dogs out but um and I mean earlier on
  • 00:54:44
    you've had complaints about people
  • 00:54:45
    taking pigs through church because it's
  • 00:54:47
    the quickest way from where the pig was
  • 00:54:49
    to Market and so on so I think our sense
  • 00:54:51
    of proper behavior in a church is is
  • 00:54:54
    different
  • 00:54:55
    so there must have been a huge amount of
  • 00:54:57
    noise and one of the problems that's one
  • 00:55:00
    of the few things we really do know is
  • 00:55:02
    that people drifted in and out before
  • 00:55:05
    the sermon after the sermon during the
  • 00:55:07
    music it must have been chaos everything
  • 00:55:10
    was very very stratified here socially
  • 00:55:13
    so the ladies were seated down here
  • 00:55:15
    below and the men were in the two
  • 00:55:18
    galleries both sides and the H pooy were
  • 00:55:22
    at the back with a riff raff
  • 00:55:26
    and the music of course came from the
  • 00:55:28
    back of the church up in the organ
  • 00:55:30
    gallery and it was raining down on the
  • 00:55:32
    congregation but exactly at the moment
  • 00:55:35
    when the ladies made their grand
  • 00:55:37
    entrance and given the fact this is
  • 00:55:40
    Germany there was huge amount of social
  • 00:55:43
    greetings
  • 00:55:44
    V that sort of thing while the ladies
  • 00:55:47
    took their seats and then gazed up
  • 00:55:50
    adoringly at the preacher about to give
  • 00:55:52
    his
  • 00:55:53
    sermon and The Hub up during B's music
  • 00:55:56
    must have been excruciating poor
  • 00:55:59
    man this then is the congregation who
  • 00:56:02
    first heard the Masterpiece B presented
  • 00:56:04
    at the Nikolai ker on Good Friday
  • 00:56:07
    1724 it was his first Passion oratorio
  • 00:56:10
    the central Jewel of his necklace of
  • 00:56:12
    canatas a musical retelling of the story
  • 00:56:14
    of Jesus arrest trial and
  • 00:56:17
    crucifixion there had been passions
  • 00:56:19
    before but nothing so radical so complex
  • 00:56:22
    or as ambitious as Bark's John Passion
  • 00:56:25
    he ingeniously Blends orchestral and
  • 00:56:27
    coral writing into a thrilling amalgam
  • 00:56:30
    of Storytelling meditation and drama can
  • 00:56:33
    I just have the Chell and base please
  • 00:56:36
    now via start bar
  • 00:56:42
    one that's okay now can we just add the
  • 00:56:44
    violins please
  • 00:56:47
    [Music]
  • 00:56:51
    and good that's it right thank thank you
  • 00:56:55
    and just flutes no both please and
  • 00:56:59
    [Music]
  • 00:57:09
    one it's like nails being driven into
  • 00:57:12
    bare
  • 00:57:16
    flesh that's it that's it that's it in
  • 00:57:18
    this opening chorus he does something
  • 00:57:20
    which none of the other people have done
  • 00:57:22
    which is to set up a um a huge Dynamic
  • 00:57:27
    tension between this turbulence in the
  • 00:57:29
    orchestra going on and this tremendous
  • 00:57:32
    acclamation of of Christ in
  • 00:57:37
    [Music]
  • 00:57:42
    [Music]
  • 00:57:48
    [Applause]
  • 00:57:53
    Majesty
  • 00:57:59
    [Music]
  • 00:58:23
    la
  • 00:58:25
    [Music]
  • 00:58:53
    the
  • 00:58:56
    [Music]
  • 00:59:07
    [Applause]
  • 00:59:10
    [Music]
  • 00:59:20
    Bach was not trying to write an opera
  • 00:59:22
    Bach's purpose was to draw The Listener
  • 00:59:24
    in to recreate in front of their ears
  • 00:59:27
    and eyes the drama of Christ's
  • 00:59:31
    crucifixion and his St John Passion is
  • 00:59:34
    an extraordinary amalgam of Theology and
  • 00:59:37
    music religion and politics drama and
  • 00:59:41
    wonderful presentation of Storytelling
  • 00:59:44
    so we sense the tension that's already
  • 00:59:47
    in St John's gospel that between light
  • 00:59:50
    and darkness between sin and good work
  • 00:59:55
    and faith and
  • 00:59:57
    [Music]
  • 01:00:01
    [Applause]
  • 01:00:02
    [Music]
  • 01:00:05
    [Applause]
  • 01:00:15
    doubt John is particularly remarkable
  • 01:00:18
    because you could say that in his
  • 01:00:20
    account of the passion everybody else
  • 01:00:23
    suffers and is perplexed and agonized
  • 01:00:26
    and Jesus is utterly stable I mean he's
  • 01:00:30
    not suffering he's not under things he's
  • 01:00:32
    sort of stands over and above them zenik
  • 01:00:36
    he's extremely
  • 01:00:38
    [Music]
  • 01:00:50
    [Music]
  • 01:00:53
    enigmatic
  • 01:00:59
    [Music]
  • 01:01:07
    [Music]
  • 01:01:13
    dear I mean in the middle you have
  • 01:01:15
    Christ's sacrifice in which he takes
  • 01:01:19
    upon himself human sin and gives people
  • 01:01:22
    back Grace that's in the middle
  • 01:01:25
    uh and
  • 01:01:26
    then on one side of that there are the
  • 01:01:28
    individuals in the text particularly
  • 01:01:31
    pilot then on either side of that there
  • 01:01:35
    is is community there's the Mad
  • 01:01:38
    Community M of the course the mob
  • 01:01:41
    hysterical paranoid utterly deranged
  • 01:01:44
    really on the other side is the present
  • 01:01:47
    Community which is in order and sings
  • 01:01:51
    These sculptural monumental corals so
  • 01:01:56
    there you have as you say ticks all the
  • 01:01:57
    boxes he includes the whole thing the
  • 01:02:00
    whole human thing individual social and
  • 01:02:03
    it's it's it's it's a reflection of of
  • 01:02:06
    Lutheran ordered Society it
  • 01:02:09
    [Music]
  • 01:02:23
    is
  • 01:02:26
    [Music]
  • 01:02:53
    to
  • 01:02:56
    today the St John Passion is accepted as
  • 01:02:58
    a masterpiece but at its first
  • 01:03:00
    performance it didn't please the leip
  • 01:03:02
    clergy ever suspicious and alert to the
  • 01:03:05
    danger of Music stealing their
  • 01:03:07
    Thunder B was forced to revise it
  • 01:03:10
    radically over the next year and only
  • 01:03:12
    towards the end of his life was it once
  • 01:03:14
    again performed in a version close to
  • 01:03:17
    its
  • 01:03:18
    [Music]
  • 01:03:23
    original
  • 01:03:25
    [Music]
  • 01:03:38
    without so much as a break Bak began
  • 01:03:40
    another round of canatas this time the
  • 01:03:42
    cycle was based on iconic corals and B
  • 01:03:45
    had to write a new work each week the
  • 01:03:48
    cycle is breathtaking in the variety of
  • 01:03:50
    its moods intensely serious at one
  • 01:03:52
    moment cheeky at the next
  • 01:03:55
    [Music]
  • 01:04:05
    [Laughter]
  • 01:04:23
    here
  • 01:04:26
    [Music]
  • 01:04:53
    me
  • 01:04:56
    measure him against any of his
  • 01:04:58
    contemporaries and there's one thing
  • 01:05:00
    that makes B stick out from all arrest
  • 01:05:03
    he didn't write an opera not a single
  • 01:05:06
    Opera and yet at the time Opera was
  • 01:05:10
    really the gold currency it was the
  • 01:05:12
    thing that established careers it
  • 01:05:15
    brought with it Fame it brought with it
  • 01:05:18
    success it brought with it a lot of
  • 01:05:20
    money and B would have none of that in
  • 01:05:23
    fact he talk rather disparagingly of
  • 01:05:26
    those little ditties that you could hear
  • 01:05:28
    at the Dresden
  • 01:05:30
    Opera and yet his music is intrinsically
  • 01:05:34
    as dramatic if not more dramatic than
  • 01:05:37
    that of any of the Opera composers of
  • 01:05:38
    the day Vivaldi scalati tan none could
  • 01:05:43
    match B in this respect only handle came
  • 01:05:46
    close everything B had learned up to now
  • 01:05:49
    dramatic scene setting to underpin the
  • 01:05:51
    gospel narration and subtle Musical
  • 01:05:54
    power to convey Contrition and remorse
  • 01:05:56
    was poured into his St Matthew passion
  • 01:05:58
    first performed at the toas here liip on
  • 01:06:01
    Good Friday
  • 01:06:05
    [Music]
  • 01:06:23
    1727
  • 01:06:27
    the St Matthew passion is even more
  • 01:06:29
    atmospheric than the St John lasting
  • 01:06:32
    around 2 and 1/2 hours it's even more
  • 01:06:35
    Monumental in scale with a double choir
  • 01:06:37
    and a double
  • 01:06:39
    [Music]
  • 01:06:50
    Orchestra he speaks with the voice of
  • 01:06:53
    someone who's belief is absolutely
  • 01:06:55
    rocksolid goes right to the roots of his
  • 01:06:58
    being he believes this every word of
  • 01:07:00
    this it is true that it's it is
  • 01:07:02
    completely true and um there's a
  • 01:07:06
    solidity a firmness to what comes
  • 01:07:09
    through in the passions that I've seen
  • 01:07:12
    very rarely anywhere
  • 01:07:15
    [Music]
  • 01:07:22
    else
  • 01:07:26
    [Laughter]
  • 01:07:26
    [Music]
  • 01:07:37
    [Music]
  • 01:07:47
    you wonder well where is there room for
  • 01:07:49
    B's own voice it's difficult to answer
  • 01:07:52
    but I feel that there are moments that
  • 01:07:54
    chinks in the in the drama where you
  • 01:07:57
    feel that Bak himself is very much
  • 01:07:59
    present and very much making the
  • 01:08:03
    [Music]
  • 01:08:08
    decisions you've got to uh crutch it to
  • 01:08:11
    turn around completely 180 degrees from
  • 01:08:14
    being a absolutely foulmouthed mob into
  • 01:08:17
    being contrite and responsible and
  • 01:08:20
    tender and and bewildered who's hit you
  • 01:08:22
    we don't understand
  • 01:08:24
    [Music]
  • 01:08:39
    go the choir have to switch into being
  • 01:08:44
    the community the
  • 01:08:47
    Believers and it's in that moment that I
  • 01:08:50
    feel Bak is saying this suffering is
  • 01:08:52
    unbearable we have to stop it we have to
  • 01:08:56
    show our sense of moral
  • 01:08:59
    [Music]
  • 01:09:12
    outrage the emotional center of the
  • 01:09:15
    Matthew passion
  • 01:09:16
    isad Peter's plea for forgiveness having
  • 01:09:20
    denied his Christ in comes the violin
  • 01:09:23
    announc in abades and the violin with no
  • 01:09:27
    words at all can convey in a way that
  • 01:09:31
    the human voice could not convey this
  • 01:09:34
    concentration of lamentation of grief of
  • 01:09:39
    Contrition of utter abject Horror in a
  • 01:09:43
    way and yet taking on to a spiritual
  • 01:09:45
    level because the The Voice line of the
  • 01:09:48
    violin becomes an agency
  • 01:09:51
    of of compassion and forgiveness foress
  • 01:09:54
    and that's before the singer sung a
  • 01:09:57
    [Music]
  • 01:10:22
    note
  • 01:10:25
    [Music]
  • 01:10:51
    all Mighty
  • 01:10:58
    all
  • 01:11:00
    the got
  • 01:11:04
    [Music]
  • 01:11:22
    oh
  • 01:11:26
    [Music]
  • 01:11:37
    [Music]
  • 01:11:52
    it s
  • 01:11:55
    [Music]
  • 01:12:07
    [Applause]
  • 01:12:09
    [Music]
  • 01:12:13
    3 years after St Matthew passion B's
  • 01:12:16
    relationship with his Masters began to
  • 01:12:17
    fall apart in 1730 he wrote what he
  • 01:12:21
    called an Anor a memorandum to the leish
  • 01:12:24
    council complaining bitterly that he
  • 01:12:26
    could no longer operate he hadn't
  • 01:12:28
    sufficient musicians and too few of
  • 01:12:30
    quality to perform his work several
  • 01:12:33
    months later Bak took up his pen
  • 01:12:36
    again and this is the most poignant
  • 01:12:39
    document of all for me it's the only
  • 01:12:42
    truly personal letter we have of B in
  • 01:12:45
    which he's writing to his old pal geog
  • 01:12:49
    Erman he was the guy that b walked from
  • 01:12:53
    drove to lunor with when they were both
  • 01:12:56
    in their teens early teens and B is just
  • 01:12:59
    pouring out all his frustration about
  • 01:13:01
    why the council had not responded to
  • 01:13:04
    this
  • 01:13:05
    Anor this statement of his intentions
  • 01:13:09
    and B tells Erman my life is full of
  • 01:13:13
    hindrance and vexation and I see no
  • 01:13:16
    future for myself and my family here one
  • 01:13:19
    of the features that you might expect to
  • 01:13:22
    see in this inflex ible Persona if you
  • 01:13:25
    like is that he would never be guilty no
  • 01:13:28
    matter what happened it's always
  • 01:13:29
    somebody else's fault does that ring yes
  • 01:13:32
    it does um because he's never to blame
  • 01:13:36
    he always has a reason and he his motto
  • 01:13:40
    what I don't know what this is motto but
  • 01:13:41
    that something it's like a mantra that
  • 01:13:42
    comes up and up and again is that my
  • 01:13:44
    life is lived always with vexation and
  • 01:13:48
    hindrance I have brought you something
  • 01:13:50
    here which is a textbook definition and
  • 01:13:54
    this is paranoid personality disorder
  • 01:13:56
    and these are the characteristics
  • 01:13:59
    pervasive suspicion of others
  • 01:14:01
    distrusting their motives others seen as
  • 01:14:03
    deliberately demeaning or threatening
  • 01:14:07
    constantly expect to be harmed or
  • 01:14:09
    exploited very sensitive to perceived
  • 01:14:11
    slights fear and avoidance of anything
  • 01:14:14
    that could make them feel or seem weak
  • 01:14:17
    that's a perfect
  • 01:14:20
    description the one thing that we do
  • 01:14:22
    know is that there is an association
  • 01:14:25
    with bullying and abuse in
  • 01:14:29
    childhood thanks to the boneheaded of
  • 01:14:32
    the city fathers and the obvious flaws
  • 01:14:34
    in Bar's own character his output of
  • 01:14:36
    religious music now began to dwindle
  • 01:14:39
    Away St Thomas's Church didn't deserve
  • 01:14:42
    those canaras nobody deserved those cans
  • 01:14:45
    but least of all St Thomas's church
  • 01:14:47
    that's the Striking thing about a great
  • 01:14:48
    artist is they deliver absurdly over
  • 01:14:53
    cont contct heartbreakingly over
  • 01:14:54
    contract and and that is the thing that
  • 01:14:56
    I think is most impressive very deeply
  • 01:14:59
    moving about him there he is worrying
  • 01:15:01
    about his children who are popping off
  • 01:15:03
    one after the other worrying about their
  • 01:15:05
    education trying to keep the town
  • 01:15:07
    counselors less irritated and so on and
  • 01:15:10
    so forth and at the same time he just
  • 01:15:14
    delivered this work that 250 260 years
  • 01:15:17
    later is supreme in the
  • 01:15:21
    cannon B gravitated towards the other
  • 01:15:24
    main Center of music making in lipich
  • 01:15:26
    the thriving Coffee House scene here was
  • 01:15:29
    a different audience a more relaxed
  • 01:15:31
    ambience in which to make music with
  • 01:15:33
    better musicians from the University
  • 01:15:35
    eager to learn from the
  • 01:15:37
    [Music]
  • 01:15:40
    master but B didn't completely give up
  • 01:15:43
    on Sacred Music indeed his new secular
  • 01:15:46
    style found its way into religious
  • 01:15:47
    pieces of unbuttoned High
  • 01:15:52
    Spirits
  • 01:15:55
    [Music]
  • 01:16:22
    fore
  • 01:16:24
    [Music]
  • 01:16:26
    throughout his life Bach had much more
  • 01:16:28
    than his fair share of
  • 01:16:30
    heartbreak that direct experience of
  • 01:16:32
    personal grief comes over in his music
  • 01:16:34
    but never in a sacarin or morbid way but
  • 01:16:37
    as consoling soothing
  • 01:16:40
    uplifting in many ways you can imagine
  • 01:16:42
    he's creating a lullabi for himself
  • 01:16:45
    which again becomes a lullabi for all of
  • 01:16:46
    us a profound lby which uh Comforts him
  • 01:16:51
    and through him Comforts us
  • 01:16:54
    this East
  • 01:16:56
    [Music]
  • 01:16:59
    for
  • 01:17:01
    this
  • 01:17:03
    [Music]
  • 01:17:05
    fall
  • 01:17:09
    [Music]
  • 01:17:14
    the
  • 01:17:17
    I
  • 01:17:19
    the
  • 01:17:22
    for
  • 01:17:24
    [Music]
  • 01:17:29
    in
  • 01:17:33
    [Music]
  • 01:17:34
    [Applause]
  • 01:17:36
    [Music]
  • 01:17:39
    God in
  • 01:17:41
    [Music]
  • 01:17:48
    God in
  • 01:17:51
    God care
  • 01:17:55
    [Music]
  • 01:18:02
    for
  • 01:18:05
    and in
  • 01:18:10
    [Music]
  • 01:18:18
    God the thing that's to me is so
  • 01:18:21
    touching and and Powerful in the
  • 01:18:23
    expression of the music is the way that
  • 01:18:25
    b seems to focus all that distress and
  • 01:18:29
    private grief in his own life the loss
  • 01:18:32
    of parents the loss of children the loss
  • 01:18:34
    of a wife um always the the difficulties
  • 01:18:37
    that he was experiencing and yet the
  • 01:18:39
    music that comes out of it is so
  • 01:18:41
    ineffably consoling and and and nowadays
  • 01:18:45
    we we we look at this the the texts and
  • 01:18:49
    with this this constant longing for
  • 01:18:52
    death this anticipation with joy of
  • 01:18:55
    one's final demise it seems bizarre to
  • 01:18:58
    us uh and and yet it's with with the
  • 01:19:03
    with the as you say B's private grief it
  • 01:19:05
    was a common place everybody's private
  • 01:19:08
    grief everybody was losing their
  • 01:19:09
    families their babies their their their
  • 01:19:12
    wives and you know this is surely the
  • 01:19:15
    prime purpose of religion at that that
  • 01:19:17
    time was was to give a consolation in
  • 01:19:19
    the face of this baffling
  • 01:19:21
    reality with with his disagreements with
  • 01:19:23
    the council dragging on and on Bak now
  • 01:19:26
    had a new power struggle this time with
  • 01:19:29
    a Headmaster of the Thomas school who
  • 01:19:30
    was bitterly opposed to all the emphasis
  • 01:19:32
    on music in
  • 01:19:35
    school in B's desire to put an end to
  • 01:19:37
    his woes in Lish we find the origins of
  • 01:19:40
    one late religious Masterpiece the B
  • 01:19:43
    minor
  • 01:19:44
    Mass just try and think how different
  • 01:19:46
    this is from Messiah I mean Messiah
  • 01:19:48
    you've got the Angels wafting in on a
  • 01:19:49
    cloud and they come in and they sing and
  • 01:19:51
    then they disappear all very gently here
  • 01:19:53
    it's a stomp it's much more kind of brle
  • 01:19:56
    than belli it's not whiffy waffy at all
  • 01:19:59
    okay off we go
  • 01:20:02
    [Music]
  • 01:20:08
    yep bah was angling for a new job or at
  • 01:20:11
    the very least an honorary title at the
  • 01:20:13
    court in Dresden which was Catholic so
  • 01:20:16
    despite his unwavering commitment to
  • 01:20:18
    Lutheranism B ever practical saw that
  • 01:20:21
    there was an opportunity for composing a
  • 01:20:23
    Latin Mass on a grand
  • 01:20:25
    [Music]
  • 01:20:34
    [Applause]
  • 01:20:36
    [Music]
  • 01:20:49
    [Music]
  • 01:20:51
    scale
  • 01:20:55
    [Music]
  • 01:20:56
    [Applause]
  • 01:20:57
    [Music]
  • 01:21:18
    GL
  • 01:21:21
    GL
  • 01:21:24
    [Applause]
  • 01:21:26
    B didn't get his hoped for move to Dron
  • 01:21:29
    although he did get the honorary title
  • 01:21:31
    and for the next 15 years we lose all
  • 01:21:33
    trace of the B minor
  • 01:21:37
    mass and then suddenly we have a Misa
  • 01:21:41
    TOA a complete Catholic Mass with the
  • 01:21:45
    Magnificent cradle and the wonderful
  • 01:21:47
    anus day and the touching way it ends
  • 01:21:50
    with ad Donan nois Pim
  • 01:21:53
    this was B's compendium of all the
  • 01:21:55
    Styles since he was a young composer up
  • 01:21:59
    to the most recent music he composed it
  • 01:22:02
    was his version of as perfector of art
  • 01:22:06
    perfected I mean this is B is most
  • 01:22:09
    playful and most Jazzy and most exotic
  • 01:22:11
    and it's ibant and that's what we need
  • 01:22:13
    to feel because there's something really
  • 01:22:15
    folky about this music see if we can get
  • 01:22:17
    that
  • 01:22:18
    through
  • 01:22:21
    come
  • 01:22:23
    [Music]
  • 01:22:34
    [Music]
  • 01:22:48
    [Music]
  • 01:22:51
    GL
  • 01:22:56
    [Music]
  • 01:23:20
    cons
  • 01:23:21
    spe
  • 01:23:23
    [Music]
  • 01:23:35
    [Music]
  • 01:23:40
    [Music]
  • 01:23:51
    oh
  • 01:23:52
    [Music]
  • 01:24:00
    [Music]
  • 01:24:07
    a question that can never be solved is
  • 01:24:09
    what B himself thought of his work but
  • 01:24:12
    we do have one clue that suggests he saw
  • 01:24:14
    himself and his music as inextricably
  • 01:24:17
    linked he loves inscribing his own name
  • 01:24:21
    b a
  • 01:24:22
    the family name into his music in all
  • 01:24:24
    sorts of
  • 01:24:25
    contexts and you can only do that in
  • 01:24:28
    German because H doesn't exist in in
  • 01:24:31
    English you know it's not a note on the
  • 01:24:33
    piano but in German B is B flat isn't it
  • 01:24:37
    a c b natural which is H so that's
  • 01:24:42
    that's the little kind of family motto
  • 01:24:45
    that's in
  • 01:24:48
    there
  • 01:24:50
    b a
  • 01:24:54
    [Music]
  • 01:25:00
    one of B's most famous last works the
  • 01:25:03
    art of Fugue breaks off in midf flow the
  • 01:25:06
    reasons why this happened have long been
  • 01:25:08
    debated I thought what we'd do is
  • 01:25:10
    actually go just from where he inscribes
  • 01:25:13
    his own name uh
  • 01:25:15
    BAC because that's what's so
  • 01:25:17
    extraordinary about this piece is that
  • 01:25:18
    he he finds a way halfway through this
  • 01:25:21
    whole composition to to put his name in
  • 01:25:25
    and then to develop it so we've got two
  • 01:25:27
    fugues going on and then suddenly it
  • 01:25:29
    comes to an abrupt Halt and according to
  • 01:25:34
    car Philip Emanuel he stopped then
  • 01:25:37
    because he died that was
  • 01:25:38
    it it's just
  • 01:25:41
    chilling let's try
  • 01:25:44
    [Music]
  • 01:25:51
    it
  • 01:25:53
    [Music]
  • 01:26:31
    my fantasy is that it's completely
  • 01:26:33
    deliberate deliberate and that actually
  • 01:26:35
    it's that unfinished business that I've
  • 01:26:38
    written my music for the future and
  • 01:26:41
    someone else is going to carry on
  • 01:26:43
    [Music]
  • 01:26:51
    now
  • 01:26:53
    [Music]
  • 01:27:10
    B died age 65 in liip in the Tomas on
  • 01:27:15
    the 28th of July
  • 01:27:17
    1750 two successive eye operations
  • 01:27:20
    performed by an English quack doctor
  • 01:27:22
    seemed to have finished him
  • 01:27:24
    off after his death his Works fell out
  • 01:27:26
    of favor though not with
  • 01:27:28
    everyone his music was passed from hand
  • 01:27:31
    to hand and heyen Mozart and Beethoven
  • 01:27:34
    all marveled at it only in 1829 when
  • 01:27:38
    melson performed a devoted but
  • 01:27:40
    stylistically mangled version of the
  • 01:27:41
    Matthew passion did Bach begin to regain
  • 01:27:44
    the Public's
  • 01:27:47
    [Music]
  • 01:27:51
    affection
  • 01:27:56
    [Music]
  • 01:28:06
    B's Legacy is
  • 01:28:08
    assured if Monte was the first composer
  • 01:28:10
    to find musical expression for human
  • 01:28:12
    passion and Beethoven what a terrible
  • 01:28:15
    struggle it is to be human and to Aspire
  • 01:28:17
    to be Godlike Mozart the kind of music
  • 01:28:20
    we'd hope to hear in heaven
  • 01:28:23
    Bak is the one who Bridges the Gap he
  • 01:28:26
    helps us to hear the voice of God but in
  • 01:28:28
    human form iring out the imperfections
  • 01:28:32
    of humanity in the Perfection of his
  • 01:28:36
    [Music]
  • 01:28:36
    [Applause]
  • 01:28:43
    [Music]
  • 01:28:43
    [Applause]
  • 01:28:44
    [Music]
  • 01:28:51
    music
  • 01:28:55
    [Music]
  • 01:29:12
    the
タグ
  • Bach
  • musique classique
  • influence
  • Martin Luther
  • Reformation
  • compositeur
  • Lutheranisme
  • génie musical
  • tragédies personnelles
  • tensions professionnelles