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hey it's me ragosa's per fiction annals
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where medicine makes perfect sense and
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today we'll talk about vitamin b5
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pantothenic acid baby so let's get
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started for two days only you can get a
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50% discount towards mycotic for mikkel
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G course use the promo code cardio form
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15 at MiraCosta spur fiction is calm
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only 5 left
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you want to try a sample first go to
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medicos is perfectionist calm vitamins
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are essential you have to eat them in
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the diet they aid in metabolism they are
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cofactors for enzymes and vitamin b5 is
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no exception it will give you coenzyme a
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and coenzyme a sh the famous co ashe
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vitamin b5 it's a water-soluble vitamin
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therefore toxicity is very unlikely why
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because any excessive amount will be
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excreted by your kidney deficiency is
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more likely theoretically but actually
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with pantothenic acid deficiency is
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extremely rare so deficiency is rare
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toxicity Israel that's amazing B complex
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b1 is time in b2 is riboflavin and b3 is
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nice and we have talked about them in
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previous videos in my playlist called
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biochemistry honestly I wanted to make a
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video about vitamin before but vitamin
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before does not exist
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so after serious thought and
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contemplation have made the hard
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decision which is to talk about vitamin
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b5 today pantothenic acid let me tell
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you about something that drives me nuts
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I went to the store to get some vitamins
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ok and look at this
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where is pantothenic acid pantothenic
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acid is right here where is vitamin b1
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vitamin b1 is thiamine and it's right
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here but this is really really ugly i
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know i'll tell you why because thiamine
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is b1 so instead of writing fireman and
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pantothenic acid why don't you a bunch
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of doofuses do it like this vitamin A
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first is number one who starts with 2
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carbohydrate on a bottle of vitamin who
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goes to the store oh I'm actually
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worried about my carbohydrate intake let
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me go get some vitamins oh shut up
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started alphabetically baby so vitamin A
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is number one and then you go with
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vitamin b1 which is thiamine vitamin b2
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which is riboflavin b3 which is nice and
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beef
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or doesn't exist b5 which is pantothenic
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acid and then basics which is pyridoxine
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b7 is freaking biotin b9 is folate but
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to be honest you should write it as
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folic acid because folate is natural
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folic acid is artificial know that I
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care but it's just a tiny bit and ABC
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vitamin C and then you go with D which
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is act the form so it's gonna be d3 mr.
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Kelsey try yo like this look at the
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beauty and you become organized like a
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normal human being not like this garbage
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I really don't know who is to blame is
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this like a government regulation that
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regulates you have to do it like this or
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is it the fact that the formas is to
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actually make the freakin drug is
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different than the marketing team who
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designed this freaking thing someone
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needs to get their act together man I'm
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a little OCD so please forgive me okay
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when you go to the store and you get
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some bread okay let's do it nice and
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that's b3 Simon that's me one riboflavin
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that's b2 folic acid that's b9 whereas
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pantothenic acid oh it's not there
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hey Walmart I need my money back Oh calm
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down calm down before some safety
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Crusaders raid the store lemme explain
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pantothenic the word literally means
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from everywhere he can find vitamin b5
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literally in every food so even a former
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did not fortify the bread with
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pantothenic acid you will be okay so
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chill your butt down panto means all
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that's why the word pen to mine means
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all communication you're supposed to
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communicate everything without using
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words cenek means strength that's why
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the word hypo stay Nia what does high
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Postini mean hypo means low St Nia means
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strength so low strength it's like
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thrombus tinea of platelets trumbo
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platelets asthenia is weakness because a
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means no asthenia is strength
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so pantothenic all strength which means
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from everywhere so if the exam question
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says please mention all of the food
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sources of vitamin b5 if you write any
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food that you know like anything you
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will be correct meat fish fruits
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vegetable seeds
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from everywhere baby why the flip doing
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in vitamin b5 to get coenzyme a co a and
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co enzyme a sh
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this is goings I'm a this is a thigh
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you'll grow because thio means sulfur
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artificial sources as you know enriched
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food or vitamin b-complex supplements
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like the stupid bottle that I got from
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the store a vitamin b5 deficiency is
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extremely rare vitamin b5 toxicity is
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also extremely rare thank God
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médicos is by you tips b1 is time and
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decarboxylation baby B 2 is riboflavin
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redox reactions baby b3 reduction
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oxidation again b5 will give you
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coenzyme a what is the function of coins
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I mean lots of functions pyruvate into a
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Saluki needs Kawai whereas fight of it
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coming from it came from glucose hashtag
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glycolysis remember in glycolysis
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glucose becomes pyruvate and then
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pyruvate wants to enter the TCA cycle
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but for it to enter this choice belt has
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to become as soak wafers and you need Co
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a to be added to pyruvate so that can
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give you a Satoko a also if you want to
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destroy and break down fat in other
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words to convert the fatty acid to small
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molecules of acetyl co a you need Co a
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and if you want to build up fat fatty
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acid synthesis or fatty acid elongation
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of long chains or like short chains into
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long chains you also need Co a so
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whether you're talking about fatty acid
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synthesis or fatty acid oxidation either
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one requires Co a you can think b5 we
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love Estill Co a because it can enter
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into the TCA cycle in the mitochondria
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and give us energy vitamin b5 absorption
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is pretty straightforward you literally
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eat anything and it has vitamin b5 also
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your lovely bacterial microbiome will
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add some vitamin b5 to you absorbed boom
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you habit so bandhasana guys would it
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come from it came from beta alanine and
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and too weak acid leading to a
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pantothenic acid which is an amide
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remember the famous three enzymes that
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required 5 cofactors one of the five
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cofactors were Co ash which came from
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vitamin b5 or pantothenic remember the
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mnemonic Teflon company T is time and F
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is riboflavin F ad l as a lipoic acid n
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is
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ad from niacin or b3 co is co ash from
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b5 Panasonic baby
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what are these enzymes that need five
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cofactors pyruvate dehydrogenase
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alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
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branched-chain alpha-keto acid
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dehydrogenase let's start with pyruvate
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dehydrogenase co h carbohydrate glucose
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in glycolysis becomes pyruvate by
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pyruvate dehydrogenase becomes a slave
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we love as look why because it can
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become TCA cycle energy there is another
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reason why we love Estill Co a it can
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become fat hashtag fatty acid synthesis
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cool pyruvate dehydrogenase the five
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cofactors you can thank b5 here is just
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another simplistic version carbohydrate
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glucose pyruvate pyruvate dehydrogenase
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acetyl co a into the TCA cycle equals
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ATP whether you eat carbohydrates
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proteins or lipids they will end up as
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acetyl co a whether he ate the bun that
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she is or vomit in the burger you will
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end up as a Zuko a into the TCA cycle
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energy so we are done with the first
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enzyme which was pyruvate dehydrogenase
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to talk about the second enzyme alpha
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ketoglutarate dehydrogenase it's here
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baby and it requires five cofactors coax
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you can think b5 what is the TCA cycle s
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leuco a enters citrate to isocitrate
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alpha ketoglutarate succinylcholine 8
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femur eight malade oxaloacetate back to
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acetyl co a we are done with the first
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enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase the second
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enzyme was alpha keto glutamate
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dehydrogenase the third enzyme is
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branched-chain alpha-keto acid
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dehydrogenase part of the proteins so we
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eat proteins they become amino acid
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let's say that the amino acid is
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loosened it requires branched-chain
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alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase to become
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a sloka atc it's like money leucine is
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an amino acid you can call this enzyme
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branched chain amino acid dehydrogenase
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or branched-chain alpha-keto acid
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dehydrogenase become whatever and then s
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okay thank you so much however bad news
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it can become a co acetic acid which is
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a ketone body can lead to high anion gap
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metabolic acidosis in high anion gap
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metabolic acidosis your pH is low your
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bicarbonate is also low but the lung is
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trying to compensate Hey we have
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acidosis here let's get rid of the acid
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that I can get rid of which is co2
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so pco2 will also be low as a
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compensation how about the anion gap
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it's called high anion gap metabolic
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acidosis so the anion gap will be low
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why do we love acetyl co a because it's
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towards the TCA cycle remember Estill Co
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a enters saturate isocitrate alpha
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ketoglutarate succinylcholine
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succinate from rate malate oxaloacetate
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back to a silicon a yep it's doozy it
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also forms a so choline so you get the
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Estill Co a from here acetyl co a plus
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choline and we'll give you the great
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acetone choline which is needed at the
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neuromuscular Junction here is the nerve
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ending here is your lovely muscle the
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nerve is talking to the muscle how does
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the nerve talk to the muscle by
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secreting a so choline thanks to calcium
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who ruptured the vesicles ahsoka we in
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here into the cleft it's binding to as
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the choline a receptor and this is
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heavier muscle contracts who is the
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enzyme that's responsible for combining
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SL co a with choline to form acetyl co a
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it's called choline acetyltransferase
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choline acetyltransferase love it and
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then the SL choline binds the receptor
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thank you we contract the muscle okay
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would you leave your muscle contraction
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no this is called the right guru mortis
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you're dead you gotta relax the muscle
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man how do you relax this muscle beat
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the living crap of the acyl co we break
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it down baby how do you break down the
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acetylcholine it's called a still
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choline esterase
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and then it will give you choline and
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acidic acid or acetate all right cool if
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you have a patient who suffers from
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myasthenia gravis so myasthenia gravis
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the acyl choline is not functioning
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because of the receptor is toast because
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of the o2 antibody we would like to
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prolong the action of a Sokoli so
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prevent its degradation by giving a
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group of medication known as the acyl
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choline is trace inhibitors such as
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neostigmine pi reduced egg mean etc what
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else has to occur a escalation reaction
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EF you need to ask you tell something
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you can call acetyl co a cholesterol
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synthesis your testes needed
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and your ovaries and your adrenals
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ketone body formation za baby when you
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don't have glucose or carbohydrate the
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next step is to make ketone buds your
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brain love ketone bodies but to be
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honest your brain loves glucose more
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elongation of fatty acid this is called
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fatty acid synthesis we're trying to
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build up fat not to break down the fat
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how do you build a fat you need a
00:11:30
Sissoko a and another friend called Melo
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Nilka a and s loco a is needed to be
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converted into melon okay then the melon
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milk away together with the acetyl co a
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will combine to each other to elongate
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the fatty acid
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whenever you see Co as you can thank a
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vitamin b5 Co a coenzyme a also known as
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Co acetylase sh is the file group b6 is
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also needed let's talk about fatty acid
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synthesis because we need coenzyme a so
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we need a vitamin b5 which is
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pantothenic diet you either eat
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carbohydrate protein or fat fat contain
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triglycerides when you break them down
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Jeff goes through and free fatty acid if
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you have enough energy let's store some
00:12:14
energy for a rainy day let's store the
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fatty s and how would you store the
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fatty acid would like to elongate them
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and make them big make them big
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molecules and then store them into add a
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post or into the liver whatever you want
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to store them at so first you need to
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even gave them and this process called
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fatty acid synthesis fatty acid
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synthesis let's do it we need three
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steps citrate shuttle Estill Co a
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carboxylate and fatty acid synthase
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let's start with the citrate oh you know
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that TCA cycle yeah as sue : n citrate
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isocitrate of Fekete ogler we get it so
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it has citrate cool citrate we'll take a
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shuttle from within the mitochondria to
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the cytosol outside of the mitochondria
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let's go visit Rachel number one is done
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thank you so much now citrate is free
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from the tyranny of the mighty
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mitochondria then we will break the
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citrate down hashtag citrate lyase lysis
00:13:06
baby now we have a Satoko a a Satoko a
00:13:10
will need to support a friend called
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melanin co a so this is step number two
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Asuka a carboxylate lets carboxylate the
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s
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we'll go into Mellon Alcoa and step
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number two is done as Lucca a
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carboxylase then the Mellon malko a will
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return the favor to his friend soql they
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will combine together they can need some
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help from vitamin b5 or Panasonic acid
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and this enzyme is called the fatty acid
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synthase complex it needs pantothenic
00:13:39
baby and now we have the Palmetto Alcoa
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which is a fatty acid but it's long it
00:13:45
has lots of carbons mission accomplished
00:13:48
fatty acid synthesis is in the books
00:13:50
whenever you see coenzyme a look at this
00:13:53
citrate and news s co a here and then we
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have s local a methanol po a whenever
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you see co a you can think pantothenic
00:14:02
acid om Hillary Clinton I mean I am
00:14:05
insolent and I approve this message
00:14:07
why would insulin approve the fatty acid
00:14:10
synthesis I'll tell you why what's the
00:14:11
purpose of insulin is it to build up
00:14:14
stuff or to destroy stuff it's to build
00:14:16
up stuff what do you mean I mean it's to
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build up proteins it's to build effect
00:14:20
what do you mean by build up fat I mean
00:14:23
store the fat elongate the fat
00:14:25
synthesize the fat you mean like the
00:14:28
opposite of break down the fat exactly
00:14:31
so insulin loves for you to build up fat
00:14:34
it loves fatty acid synthesis that's why
00:14:37
insulin will stimulate the fatty acid
00:14:40
synthesis process how about glucagon
00:14:42
know glucagon is the opposite Google gon
00:14:44
will inhibit the fatty acid synthesis
00:14:46
let me tell you something else
00:14:48
why does answering lower the glucose
00:14:50
level in your blood because insulin will
00:14:53
suggest that the glucose enters into the
00:14:56
cell because we need to build up stuff
00:14:58
in the cell not to destroy it and become
00:15:01
governor no no the opposite baby will
00:15:02
need to get it into the cell so that we
00:15:04
can build up carbohydrate that's why
00:15:07
medicine makes so much sense once you
00:15:09
understand what the flip you're talking
00:15:10
about same thing insulin will tell the
00:15:12
cell hey you took some glucose do you
00:15:14
need some fatty acids with them oh yeah
00:15:16
let me alone gave them and then store
00:15:19
them Thank You insulin this happens in
00:15:22
the feeding state when you are full you
00:15:24
have tons of energy let's save and store
00:15:27
some energy for a rainy day
00:15:29
hashtag feeding state but how about the
00:15:32
fasting state I'm stranded in the desert
00:15:34
I'm hungry I'm starving oh let's break
00:15:38
down some fat which we have stored
00:15:41
before for a rainy day
00:15:42
and let's oxidize the fat to give you
00:15:45
some energy cool man I mean how do you
00:15:48
do it it's called beta oxidation so beta
00:15:50
oxidation is like breaking down the fat
00:15:53
into a slim ko a hashtag energy indeed
00:15:56
meat actually is breaking down the fat
00:15:58
so let's talk about fatty acid oxidation
00:16:00
you eat fat it has triglyceride by
00:16:03
hormone-sensitive lipase it becomes
00:16:04
glycerol and fatty acid cholesterol has
00:16:06
a pathway we don't care about it right
00:16:08
now
00:16:08
fatty acid have another pathway beta
00:16:10
oxidation there is also alpha oxidation
00:16:12
and Omega oxygen I know nerd shut up
00:16:15
we're focusing on beta oxidation now
00:16:17
acid SoCo is here enters in please see a
00:16:19
cycle give us energy but I have bad news
00:16:22
it can also become ketone bodies raising
00:16:24
the anion gap and causing metabolic
00:16:26
acidosis fatty acid oxidation now we are
00:16:30
not trying to build up fat we're trying
00:16:32
to destroy the fat break down the fat
00:16:34
oxidation baby three steps again
00:16:37
activation carnitine shuttle not to be
00:16:39
confused with the citrate shuttle of the
00:16:41
fatty acid synthesis and beta oxidation
00:16:43
of even sea change wherever so here is
00:16:47
the deal you eats fat triglycerides goes
00:16:49
through and fatty as fatty acid will
00:16:51
float in the blood but it's bound to
00:16:52
albumin how would you get that fatty
00:16:54
acid to become energy here is the deal
00:16:57
we need three steps first activation
00:16:59
let's do it fatty acid Kawai synthase
00:17:02
fatty acyl Co a so fatty acyl coil
00:17:05
that's brilliant that's what we mean by
00:17:07
activation step one is in the books to
00:17:10
carnitine shuttle let's shuttle the
00:17:13
fatty acyl Co a from the cytoplasm into
00:17:17
the mitochondria which is the opposite
00:17:19
of fatty acid oxidation does anyone
00:17:21
remember we shuttled the citrate from
00:17:24
within the mitochondria to without cool
00:17:27
30s Alcoa is now in the mitochondria and
00:17:30
step two is now in the mitochondria step
00:17:34
three beta oxidation acetyl co a ooh
00:17:37
that's the purpose of beta oxidation
00:17:39
which will give you energy and sometimes
00:17:42
some ketones I am NOT insulin glucagon
00:17:46
and I approved this message
00:17:48
hashtag fasting state because when
00:17:51
you're fasting you're trying to destroy
00:17:53
and break down the fat into energy
00:17:55
because you're starving in the Sahara
00:17:58
Desert let's summarize the vitamin b5
00:18:01
will give you co ACO a is necessary for
00:18:03
s luke away and we have talked about the
00:18:05
functions of s okay also suck smoke away
00:18:07
remember this is part of the TCA cycle
00:18:09
it can also help you make him and you
00:18:11
mean you need him for hemoglobin in the
00:18:14
red blood cells also to break down
00:18:16
ketones hashtag keto lysis which is not
00:18:20
to be confused with ketogenesis
00:18:22
this is for a slick way so whether
00:18:24
you're trying to make ketones or break
00:18:26
down ketones Co a can help thank you so
00:18:28
much pantothenic acid also lipid
00:18:31
metabolism
00:18:31
whether it's fatty acid synthesis or
00:18:34
fatty acid oxidation vitamin b5
00:18:37
deficiency pantothenic acid baby
00:18:39
deficiency is extremely rare a
00:18:42
deficiency syndrome hasn't been proven
00:18:44
in humans symptoms in experimental
00:18:48
animals fatigue growth and
00:18:49
graying hair dermatitis which makes
00:18:51
sense because this is another vitamin B
00:18:54
remember vitamin b3 which was nice and
00:18:56
diarrhea dermatitis dementia yep as well
00:18:58
as fad ulam so does that mean that these
00:19:00
symptoms are gonna be seen in humans not
00:19:02
necessarily maybe maybe not for instance
00:19:06
when they inject rats or mice with a
00:19:09
huge amount of vitamin C some of them
00:19:12
develop bladder cancer of course this is
00:19:15
not true in human beings otherwise all
00:19:18
of the Instagram influencers will lose
00:19:20
their jobs ash tank vitamin C hashtag
00:19:23
immunity hey shut up Roger Williams born
00:19:27
in India became the top chemist in
00:19:30
University of Texas at Austin and then
00:19:32
became the president of the American
00:19:34
Chemical Society who are these people
00:19:36
and what do they do for a living
00:19:37
he discovered vitamin b5 pantothenic
00:19:39
vitamin b6 pyridoxine
00:19:41
lipoic acid one of the five cofactors
00:19:44
for pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha
00:19:46
ketoglutarate arose branched-chain
00:19:47
alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase also
00:19:50
evident which avidly
00:19:51
binds biotin and prevents the absorption
00:19:54
causing of item
00:19:55
p7 deficiency also he isolated and named
00:19:58
folic acid thank you so much sir look at
00:20:01
this
00:20:01
this is classic male pattern alopecia a
00:20:05
vitamin b5 in a nutshell so here is
00:20:08
pantothenic acid literally means from
00:20:10
everywhere it's found in every food and
00:20:13
then coenzyme 8 if you'd like to make
00:20:15
part of it in s Luke away and an energy
00:20:17
I will help you fatty acid degradation
00:20:20
hash tag beta oxidation of freaking
00:20:23
healthy fatty acid synthesis and
00:20:26
elongation I'll help you succinylcholine
00:20:28
to the TCA cycle are also healthy thank
00:20:32
you so much pantothenic acid question of
00:20:34
the day what's the difference between
00:20:35
pantothenic acid and pen to thin Nate
00:20:37
let me know the answer in the comment
00:20:39
section please be one of the lucky five
00:20:42
who will get my card egg form ecology
00:20:44
course before the end of the month thank
00:20:46
you thanks for watching subscribe hit
00:20:49
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00:20:53
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00:20:56
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00:20:58
thank you so much for watching as always
00:20:59
be safe stay happy and study hard this
00:21:02
is médicos whisper fiction illness or
00:21:03
medicine makes perfect sense in the next
00:21:05
video talk about vitamin b6 pyridoxine
00:21:07
man
