Greek Theatre: Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripedes Part I: Introduction

00:05:10
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYM65NL5714

概要

TLDRLa vidéo explore le monde du théâtre grec lors de l'âge classique à Athènes, où les festivités de la City Dionysia prenaient une place centrale. Ce festival était dédié à Dionysos, le dieu du théâtre, du vin et de la fertilité, et devenait peu à peu un concours prestigieux où des dramaturges présentaient des trilogies tragiques. Eschyle, Sophocle, et Euripide, trois des plus grands auteurs de l'époque, ont innové et influencé profondément le théâtre par leurs œuvres majestueuses qui continuent d'avoir un impact aujourd'hui. Eschyle a introduit le second acteur, Sophocle a ajouté un troisième personnage, et Euripide a développé des personnages réalistes avec des défauts. Les pièces explorent souvent des mythes ancestraux et sont mises en scène dans des amphithéâtres où le chœur joue un rôle clé. Ces éléments clés ont façonné l'évolution du théâtre occidental.

収穫

  • 🏛️ L'âge classique grec a marqué une période de prospérité artistique et théâtrale.
  • 🎭 La City Dionysia était un festival théâtral crucial à Athènes.
  • 👥 Trois tragédiens majeurs ont dominé cette époque : Eschyle, Sophocle, et Euripide.
  • 👤 Eschyle a innové avec l'ajout d'un second acteur sur scène.
  • 🎭 Sophocle a approfondi le développement des personnages et ajouté un troisième acteur.
  • 👥 Euripide a humanisé les héros mythiques, ajoutant une profondeur aux pièces.
  • 🏟️ Les représentations se faisaient en plein air dans de grands amphithéâtres.
  • 🎭 Les pièces étaient accompagnées de musique et de chants, cruciales pour l'ambiance.
  • 🏅 Les concours théâtraux attribuaient des prix aux meilleurs dramaturges et acteurs.
  • 📚 Le legs des tragédiens grecs reste très influent dans le théâtre moderne.

タイムライン

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:10

    Athènes au Ve siècle av. J.-C. était un âge d'or de l'art, de la philosophie, du théâtre et de la démocratie, marquant le début de l'Âge Classique grec après l'établissement de la démocratie en 510 av. J.-C. et la victoire contre les Perses en 480. Cette période se termine avec la conquête d'Alexandre. Athènes produit durant ce siècle des œuvres théâtrales influentes. La série vidéo explore l'importance et l'origine de la Cité de Dionysie, des bases du théâtre grec, et se concentre sur trois dramaturges tragiques : Eschyle, Sophocle, et Euripide. Le festival annuel Dionysie, d'origine religieuse en l'honneur de Dionysos, évolue en compétition théâtrale, un peu comme un festival de films moderne avec un volet compétitif comme les Oscars.

マインドマップ

Mind Map

よくある質問

  • Qu'est-ce que l'âge classique grec ?

    C'est une période en Grèce ancienne marquée par un renouveau en art, philosophie, et démocratie après la victoire grecque contre les Perses.

  • Quelle était l'importance de la City Dionysia ?

    C'était un festival annuel à Athènes dédié au théâtre, où des compétitions dramatiques avaient lieu en l'honneur de Dionysos.

  • Quels sont les trois grands tragédiens de l'époque classique ?

    Eschyle, Sophocle et Euripide sont considérés comme les trois grands tragédiens de cette époque.

  • Quelle a été l'innovation d'Eschyle dans le théâtre ?

    Eschyle a introduit le deuxième acteur et son style était grandiose et épique.

  • Comment Sophocle a-t-il influencé le théâtre grec ?

    Il a introduit un troisième acteur et était connu pour ses personnages bien développés.

  • Quel était le style d'Euripide dans ses pièces ?

    Euripide dépeint les héros mythiques comme des gens ordinaires avec des défauts et remet en question les idées reçues de son temps.

  • Comment les pièces de théâtre grec ont-elles influencé la culture moderne ?

    Elles ont laissé un impact durable sur la littérature et le théâtre, posant les bases de nombreuses études et adaptations modernes.

  • Qu'est-ce qu'un drame satyre ?

    C'est une courte pièce à caractère comique jouée à la fin d'une trilogie tragique pour apporter un soulagement humoristique aux spectateurs.

  • Quelles étaient les récompenses lors du festival de la City Dionysia ?

    Des prix matériels étaient décernés aux meilleurs dramaturges et acteurs.

  • Quel rôle avaient les chœurs dans le théâtre grec ?

    Les chœurs chantaient et dansaient, accompagnant l'action des pièces et jouant souvent le rôle de commentateurs.

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    [Music]
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    Athens in the 5th century BC a heyday of
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    art philosophy theater and democracy the
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    like of which had never been seen before
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    or since this was the Greek Classical
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    Age which began sometime after the
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    establishment of democracy in Athens and
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    510 BC and the Greek victory over the
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    Persians in 480 and ended when Alexander
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    conquered most of Greece and put an end
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    to Athenian democracy during this
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    century Athens produced some of the
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    greatest works of theatre of all time
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    and its influence can still be seen in
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    modern theatre and cinema in this series
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    of videos I'll give you an overview of
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    Greek theater during the Classical Age
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    first the importance and origin of the
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    city Dionysia as well as the basics of
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    Greek theater and then three videos on
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    the extra tragic playwrights Aeschylus
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    Sophocles and Euripides referred to as
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    the three tragedians in the fifth
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    century BC Athens held a yearly summer
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    festival of drama the dyneisha known
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    specifically as the city Dionysia
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    it originated as a religious hymn and
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    dance to give honor to Dionysus the god
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    of wine fertility and later theater but
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    over time the hymns became more complex
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    singing stories of Greek myth and an
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    actor performed a character from the
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    narrative and wore a mask people would
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    travel from all over Greece to witness
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    it something like a modern film festival
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    but it was also a competition like the
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    modern Oscars three playwrights would
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    compete against each other to write and
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    direct three tragedies each showing one
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    written trilogy and at the end of the
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    festival the judges would declare who
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    came first second and third each trilogy
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    would be complete of a short satyr play
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    a tragic comedy which provided comic
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    relief for the audience there was also a
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    Best Actor Award since the actors who
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    are also competitors in the contest this
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    is why still today we call the main
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    characters in a film or book the
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    protagonist and the antagonist meaning
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    the first competitor and the opposing
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    competitor originally referring to the
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    actor not the character an agonist was
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    the same word used for competitors in
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    the Olympic Games the use of
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    protagonists is basically meaningless in
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    the context of a book where there are no
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    actors but is still used because of the
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    massive influence of the Greeks on
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    literature later on the dynasty I added
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    a comedy category and this was performed
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    in the morning while the tragedies were
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    performed in the evening and I had the
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    same three playwrights with three plays
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    Rule
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    plays usually depicted ancient myths of
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    heroes kings and warriors of the Trojan
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    War they're performed outdoors and
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    amphitheaters where a large chorus of
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    men would sing and individual actors
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    would play the roles the main difference
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    between ancient theatre and modern
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    theatre is that the actors all spoken
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    verse set to music and all wore masks to
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    hide their real faces and take on a new
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    identity they were also all men
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    reflecting the theaters origin as a
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    religious male only Festival the
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    production was paid for by the states
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    and material prizes were awarded to the
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    winners and the best actors these plays
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    were a massive spectacle were thousands
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    of people filling the seats to watch the
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    depictions of murder manipulation and
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    tragic sorrow during the later
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    democratic period poor citizens could
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    attend for free as part of their
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    education it was seen to be part of
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    their right as Athenian citizens the
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    democratic importance of theatre
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    continued as the advent of old comedy by
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    comics with Lampoon politicians and
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    Athenian statesmen reminding those in
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    power that they were nob of being
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    ridiculed and were still equals even
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    philosophers like Socrates and the great
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    tragedians could not escape being
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    brought down to earth by their
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    countrymen in these comedies Athens had
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    three great tragic playwrights Aeschylus
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    Sophocles and Euripides of all the
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    hundreds of playwrights known from their
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    time period all the Greek tragedies that
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    survived to the present were written by
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    these three men alone and of the
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    hundreds of plays they collectively
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    wrote only 32 survive in their complete
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    form these surviving 32 works greatly
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    influenced Roman Medieval Renaissance
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    and modern theater three tragedians were
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    almost contemporaries the age difference
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    can be summed up by an anecdote of the
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    Greek victory over the Persians the
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    Battle of Salamis Aeschylus fought in
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    the battle as a man Sophocles took part
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    in the victory possession as a boy and
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    Euripides was born on the fairy day of
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    the battle
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    each of the three at his own style and
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    made important innovations in the medium
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    of drama Aeschylus was the oldest of the
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    three making his directorial debut at
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    the beginning of the fifth century BC in
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    499 his seven excellent plays include
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    the only surviving trilogy the or
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    Astaire he introduced the second act to
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    the theater and his style is grand like
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    the Greek epics Sophocles came second
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    debuting at four six eight and was a
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    contemporary of Aeschylus for a few
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    years he wrote King Oedipus and
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    introduced the third actor he is known
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    for his developed characters you rep
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    ADIZ was the last of the three debuting
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    in 455 PC a year after East vs death he
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    was unpopular in his time but became in
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    the Hellenistic age a cornerstone of
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    Greek education people trade mythical
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    heroes as ordinary flawed people and
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    challenged original assumptions of the
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    time he has the most surviving works
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    including Medea and the baqia
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    in the following three lecture videos
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    I'll give an overview of the three
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    tragedians their style and what makes
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    them different as well as a summary of
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    their surviving works my hope is that
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    after watching these three lectures
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    you'll be familiar for three playwrights
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    and I'll be able to recognize their
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    plays so click here to watch greek
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    theatre part 2 Aeschylus
タグ
  • Théâtre grec
  • City Dionysia
  • Eschyle
  • Sophocle
  • Euripide
  • Tragédie
  • Festival
  • Dionysos
  • Athen
  • Dramaturgie