Bill Nye The Science Guy - S05E14 - Erosion - Best Quality

00:23:05
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sESTF2CtSis

概要

TLDRThe video is an educational piece discussing the concept of erosion and its impact on Earth’s landscape. It humorously explores the gradual process by which natural forces like water, wind, ice, and chemicals wear down mountains, rocks, and other geological formations. Bill Nye, as the host, explains and demonstrates how these elements cause erosion and change the Earth's surface over time. The segments include various experiments and examples, such as water creating canyons, wind shaping rocks, ice splitting stones, and the rusting effect on metals. The narrative conveys the inevitability of erosion and the extensive time scales over which it operates, stressing its continuous nature.

収穫

  • 🌊 Erosion is a natural process that wears down the earth's surface.
  • 🧊 Ice can cause erosion by expanding in rock cracks and splitting them.
  • 💨 Wind erodes rocks by blowing sand against them, wearing them down.
  • 🌱 Plants can both slow down and speed up erosion.
  • ⚙️ Chemical reactions, like oxidation, contribute to erosion.
  • 🌿 Erosion is a slow process, taking millions of years to reshape landscapes.
  • 🏞️ Water plays a significant role in forming canyons and valleys through erosion.
  • 🌪️ Erosion creates unique rock formations like hoodoos and arches.
  • 🌧️ Rain and waves continuously erode coastal and rock formations.
  • 🔄 Erosion is an endless, ongoing process shaping the earth.

タイムライン

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The video begins with a playful interaction involving word association that soon turns into a discussion about erosion. The scene humorously portrays erosion as an obsession from the speaker's childhood. The iconic theme of "Bill Nye the Science Guy" plays, setting a scientific and educational tone. Various elements such as water, ice, wind, sand, and chemicals are introduced as agents of erosion, constantly altering the earth's landscape by wearing down rocks and mountains.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    The video comically introduces the concept of an 'Erosion Spa', highlighting the continuous and inevitable nature of erosion. Bill Nye demonstrates how water causes erosion by streaming over a piece of mineral salt. He explains how expanding ice can split rocks, showing the slow but persistent effects of erosion. Further, a sand blaster is used to mimic wind erosion on foam mountains, illustrating how particles like sand can gradually wear down larger formations.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    In this segment, the focus shifts to the impact of water on erosion, with Bill showing how a stream cuts through sandstone, likening it to a scouring pad gradually carving a canyon. There's an explanation of how the ocean waves relentlessly erode coastal rocks over millions of years, forming structures like sea stacks. Viewers are told how small changes accumulate over huge time spans and how living with erosion is about managing its effects, often requiring significant effort.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:23:05

    The final part discusses the role of living organisms in erosion, with trees both slowing and accelerating the process. Bill Nye highlights chemical erosion through the oxidation of metals and the formation of rust. The episode wraps up with a musical summary of different erosion types and their impact on the Earth's surface. Bill Nye humorously interacts with eroded rocks, reminding viewers that erosion is a constant, although slow, transformative force shaping the planet's landscapes.

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マインドマップ

Mind Map

よくある質問

  • What is erosion?

    Erosion is the process by which the surface of the Earth is worn away by the action of water, ice, wind, and chemicals.

  • How does water cause erosion?

    Water causes erosion by flowing over rocks, carrying particles away, and by freezing in cracks, which expands and splits the rocks.

  • What effect does ice have on erosion?

    Ice contributes to erosion by freezing in rock cracks, expanding, and causing the rocks to fracture and split over time.

  • How does wind cause erosion?

    Wind causes erosion by blowing sand and particles against rocks, slowly wearing them down over time.

  • Can plants affect erosion?

    Yes, plants can both slow erosion by holding soil in place and speed it up by breaking rock apart as roots grow.

  • What role do chemicals play in erosion?

    Chemicals, like oxygen and rainwater, cause chemical erosion by combining with minerals in rocks, leading to rust and breakage.

  • What are some examples of erosion shown in the video?

    The video shows water creating canyons, ice splitting rocks, wind shaping mushroom rocks, and chemical erosion turning copper structures green.

  • Why is erosion considered a slow process?

    Erosion is considered slow because it takes millions of years to significantly change the landscape, as demonstrated by the gradual wearing away of rocks and mountains.

  • What did the video demonstrate about waves and erosion?

    The video showed that waves relentlessly pound on the shore, eventually breaking rocks into sand over thousands of years.

  • How does erosion alter landscapes over time?

    Erosion gradually alters landscapes by flattening mountains, widening valleys, and creating unique rock formations like arches and hoodoos.

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  • 00:00:02
    LET'S TRY SOME WORD ASSOCIATION.
  • 00:00:04
    I'LL SAY A WORD.
  • 00:00:06
    YOU JUST SAY THE FIRST WORD THAT POPS INTO YOUR HEAD.
  • 00:00:09
    READY?
  • 00:00:10
    DAY.
  • 00:00:12
    DAY...AFTER DAY,
  • 00:00:14
    THE EARTH IS WORN DOWN
  • 00:00:17
    BY WATER, ICE, WIND, AND CHEMICALS.
  • 00:00:21
    NIGHT.
  • 00:00:24
    NIGHT AFTER NIGHT,
  • 00:00:27
    THE PROCESS CONTINUES, RELENTLESSLY, UNABATED,
  • 00:00:32
    POUNDING ON THE EARTH.
  • 00:00:34
    [ BREATHING HEAVILY ]
  • 00:00:35
    INTERESTING.
  • 00:00:38
    DOG.
  • 00:00:40
    DOGGONE IT...
  • 00:00:41
    [ SOBBING ]
  • 00:00:43
    THAT MOUNTAIN USED TO BE HIGHER AND MORE JAGGED!
  • 00:00:47
    AHA!
  • 00:00:48
    I THINK I SEE THE PROBLEM.
  • 00:00:50
    WHY, IT GOES BACK TO YOUR CHILDHOOD.
  • 00:00:53
    YOU ARE OBSESSED WITH EROSION!
  • 00:00:58
    ♪ BILL NYE, THE SCIENCE GUY ♪
  • 00:01:00
    BILL NYE, THE SCIENCE GUY.
  • 00:01:02
    BILL! BILL! BILL! BILL! BILL! BILL!
  • 00:01:05
    ♪ BILL NYE, THE SCIENCE GUY ♪
  • 00:01:09
    SCIENCE RULES.
  • 00:01:12
    ♪ BILL NYE, THE SCIENCE GUY ♪
  • 00:01:14
    INERTIA IS A PROPERTY OF MATTER.
  • 00:01:16
    BILL, BILL, BILL, BILL, BILL, BILL NYE, THE SCIENCE GUY.
  • 00:01:21
    BILL! BILL! BILL!
  • 00:01:22
    T MINUS 7 SECONDS.
  • 00:01:24
    BILL! BILL! BILL!
  • 00:01:25
    ♪ BILL NYE, THE SCIENCE GUY ♪
  • 00:01:27
    Announcer: BROUGHT TO YOU BY EROSION DEMOLITION, INC.
  • 00:01:31
    GIVE US THE TIME, AND WE'LL WEAR AWAY ANYTHING YOU GOT.
  • 00:01:37
    ROCKS ARE SOLID.
  • 00:01:39
    [ TAPPING ]
  • 00:01:41
    THEY'RE ROCKS...
  • 00:01:43
    BUT EVERY ROCK ON THE EARTH'S SURFACE
  • 00:01:46
    WILL BE DIFFERENT TOMORROW FROM THE WAY IT IS TODAY.
  • 00:01:49
    THEY'RE ERODING.
  • 00:01:52
    WATER, ICE, WIND,
  • 00:01:55
    SAND, AND CHEMICALS
  • 00:01:57
    ARE CONSTANTLY CRUMBLING MOUNTAINS, FLATTENING HILLS,
  • 00:02:03
    WIDENING VALLEYS, AND DEEPENING CANYONS.
  • 00:02:07
    EROSION NEVER STOPS.
  • 00:02:10
    NEVER!
  • 00:02:25
    WHOA!
  • 00:02:27
    WRONG WAY.
  • 00:02:41
    HI, THERE.
  • 00:02:45
    TAKE A LOOK AT THIS.
  • 00:02:51
    IT'S OUR...
  • 00:02:54
    [ FANFARE PLAYS ]
  • 00:02:57
    IT'S A PIECE OF MINERAL SALT...
  • 00:02:59
    AND A HOSE.
  • 00:03:02
    NOW, WATCH WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A STREAM OF WATER
  • 00:03:05
    SLOWLY FLOWS OVER IT.
  • 00:03:08
    IT'S CHANGING.
  • 00:03:10
    THE WATER IS CARRYING SOME OF THE SOLID AWAY.
  • 00:03:14
    WE SAY IT'S ERODING.
  • 00:03:16
    NOW, THIS TAKES TIME.
  • 00:03:18
    [ CLOCK TICKING ]
  • 00:03:21
    [ TICKING SPEEDS UP ]
  • 00:03:24
    THIS IS OUR EXPANDING ICE BOTTLE OF SCIENCE.
  • 00:03:27
    WHEN WE FREEZE THE WATER INSIDE WITH THIS...
  • 00:03:31
    ORDINARY HOUSEHOLD LIQUID NITROGEN...
  • 00:03:33
    [ BUBBLING ]
  • 00:03:36
    ...THE LIQUID WATER TURNS TO SOLID ICE, AND IT EXPANDS.
  • 00:03:40
    IT CAN SPLIT THE BOTTLE RIGHT OPEN.
  • 00:03:50
    SEE?
  • 00:03:51
    NOW, WHEN LIQUID WATER GETS IN CRACKS IN ROCKS AND FREEZES,
  • 00:03:55
    THE ROCKS SPLIT OPEN.
  • 00:03:57
    THIS IS ANOTHER CAUSE OF EROSION.
  • 00:04:05
    WELL, IT'S COMING ALONG. HAH!
  • 00:04:08
    SEE? THE ROCK IS CHANGING.
  • 00:04:11
    VERY, VERY SLOWLY, CHANGING.
  • 00:04:18
    AHH.
  • 00:04:21
    HERE WE GO. ZIP UP.
  • 00:04:23
    AHH.
  • 00:04:24
    [ MUMBLING ]
  • 00:04:27
    [ Muffled ] NOW, WE'LL LOOK AT SOME WIND EROSION.
  • 00:04:30
    THIS IS SAND.
  • 00:04:32
    THIS IS A SAND BLASTER.
  • 00:04:35
    LET'S SAY THAT THESE PLASTIC FOAM MOUNTAINS
  • 00:04:38
    ARE, UH...MOUNTAINS.
  • 00:04:39
    [ CHUCKLES ] YEAH. WATCH.
  • 00:04:42
    [ HUMMING ]
  • 00:04:56
    SEE, EVERY PARTICLE OF SAND
  • 00:04:58
    CARRIES AWAY A LITTLE BIT OF MOUNTAIN.
  • 00:05:04
    SO THAT AFTER A WHILE, THE MOUNTAINS CHANGE.
  • 00:05:07
    THEY'RE ERODING.
  • 00:05:10
    OKAY.
  • 00:05:12
    HMM, I THOUGHT I FIXED THAT.
  • 00:05:16
    HMM.
  • 00:05:20
    HELLO?
  • 00:05:21
    HELLO?
  • 00:05:23
    ANYBODY?
  • 00:05:25
    Woman: GOT A CHIP ON YOUR SHOULDER?
  • 00:05:28
    SLOUGH OFF LIFE'S WORRIES THE NATURAL WAY
  • 00:05:31
    AT THE EROSION SPA.
  • 00:05:32
    LET OUR STAFF OF SKILLED EROSIONISTS CHIP AWAY
  • 00:05:35
    AND TAKE OFF LIFE'S CRAGGY PEAKS.
  • 00:05:38
    ENJOY A WIND AND SAND EXFOLIATING SCRUB.
  • 00:05:42
    RELAX IN AN ACID RAIN SOAK
  • 00:05:46
    AND SMOOTH AWAY WRINKLES IN THE CHEMICAL EROSION CHAMBER.
  • 00:05:52
    SO WHEN YOU'RE FEELING JAGGED AND UNSTABLE,
  • 00:05:55
    SET ASIDE LOTS OF TIME AND COME ON DOWN TO THE EROSION SPA.
  • 00:06:01
    HELLO?!
  • 00:06:02
    ANYBODY? HUH?
  • 00:06:05
    HUH? HUH?
  • 00:06:08
    OKAY. I'M GONNA TAP REAL HARD.
  • 00:06:10
    [ POUNDING ] AHH.
  • 00:06:12
    AHH, WHEW.
  • 00:06:16
    AH. PHEW! SAND IN MY MOUTH.
  • 00:06:21
    LOOK, THE WATER HAS WORN A LITTLE CANYON.
  • 00:06:25
    SEE HOW DEEP IT IS?
  • 00:06:27
    LANDSCAPES ALL OVER THE WORLD ARE ALWAYS CHANGING.
  • 00:06:32
    IT'S EROSION.
  • 00:06:54
    WHEN IT RAINS, THE WATER THAT FALLS ERODES THE EARTH.
  • 00:06:57
    HERE'S AN EXPERIMENT YOU CAN DO TO SEE HOW EROSION WORKS.
  • 00:07:02
    PUT SOME DAMP SAND IN A CONTAINER LIKE THIS.
  • 00:07:05
    DUMP IT OUT LIKE YOU'RE MAKING A SAND CASTLE.
  • 00:07:08
    [ SPLAT! ]
  • 00:07:09
    Man: NICE MOVE.
  • 00:07:11
    PUT A QUARTER FLAT ON TOP OF THE SAND.
  • 00:07:17
    SPRINKLE SOME WATER ON TOP OF THE SAND VERY GENTLY.
  • 00:07:21
    VERY, UM -- WHAT DID YOU SAY AGAIN?
  • 00:07:26
    I SAID "GENTLY."
  • 00:07:27
    OH, YEAH.
  • 00:07:39
    SEE, THE SAND WASHES AWAY IN EVERY PLACE
  • 00:07:42
    EXCEPT UNDERNEATH THE COIN.
  • 00:07:44
    THE COIN IS LIKE A PLANT OR A TREE IN THE FOREST
  • 00:07:47
    OR A REALLY HIGH ROCK, WHICH HELPS PREVENT EROSION.
  • 00:07:50
    WHEN THERE'S SOMETHING HOLDING THE SOIL IN PLACE,
  • 00:07:53
    IT DOESN'T ERODE AS FAST.
  • 00:07:55
    SEE THIS DARK COLOR?
  • 00:07:57
    IT'S IRON OXIDE -- RUST.
  • 00:08:00
    THERE'S IRON IN THE ROCK.
  • 00:08:02
    RAINWATER AND OXYGEN IN THE AIR COMBINE TO TURN IT INTO RUST.
  • 00:08:06
    IT LEAVES THESE DARK STREAKS ON THE ROCK.
  • 00:08:11
    LET'S SAY THIS IS A ROCK.
  • 00:08:13
    WELL, IT IS A ROCK, AND LET'S SAY THAT THIS IS IRON.
  • 00:08:17
    WELL, IT IS IRON.
  • 00:08:18
    IT'S STEEL WOOL, WHICH IS MOSTLY IRON.
  • 00:08:21
    THIS IS HYDROGEN PEROXIDE,
  • 00:08:23
    A CHEMICAL MADE OF WATER AND OXYGEN.
  • 00:08:26
    AS IT FLOWS OVER THE ROCK AND HITS THE IRON,
  • 00:08:29
    THE IRON RUSTS AND LEAVES STREAKS,
  • 00:08:32
    JUST LIKE THE STREAKS ON THE ROCKS OUTDOORS.
  • 00:08:36
    IT DOESN'T MATTER IF THE METAL'S IN ROCKS
  • 00:08:39
    OR IN HUMAN-MADE OBJECTS.
  • 00:08:40
    RAINWATER AND FOG ARE HELPING THIS METAL
  • 00:08:43
    COMBINE WITH OXYGEN IN THE AIR.
  • 00:08:45
    IT'S TURNING THIS COPPER GREEN.
  • 00:08:48
    IT'S SLOWLY EATING THE METAL AWAY.
  • 00:08:51
    IT'S JUST LIKE THE ROCKS.
  • 00:08:55
    THE IRON TURNS TO IRON OXIDE.
  • 00:08:57
    IT'S TAKING SOME OF THE IRON OUT OF THE ROCK.
  • 00:09:00
    SOME OF THE ROCK IS GOING AWAY.
  • 00:09:02
    IT'S A FORM OF EROSION.
  • 00:09:04
    IT'S CHEMICAL.
  • 00:09:05
    CHEMICAL.
  • 00:09:06
    CHEMICAL EROSION.
  • 00:09:08
    Announcer: TONIGHT, ON "ER" OSION...
  • 00:09:14
    WHAT'S THIS?
  • 00:09:15
    STATUE OF LIBERTY -- WORST EXAMPLE OF CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
  • 00:09:18
    I'VE SEEN IN YEARS.
  • 00:09:20
    ON MY COUNT -- ONE, TWO, THREE.
  • 00:09:23
    MY GOSH! WITH OXIDATION, THIS COPPER IS ENTIRELY GREEN.
  • 00:09:26
    SOMEBODY GET THE POLISH!
  • 00:09:28
    CODE GREEN, STAT! I THINK WE CAN MAKE THIS ONE IN TIME.
  • 00:09:31
    WHEN YOU HAVE LAYERS OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF ROCK,
  • 00:09:34
    EROSION CAN HAPPEN FROM THE INSIDE OUT.
  • 00:09:37
    IF SOFTER ROCK HAPPENS TO BE UNDERNEATH HARDER ROCK,
  • 00:09:40
    WE CAN END UP WITH A SHAPE LIKE THIS.
  • 00:09:58
    THE SOFTER ROCK ERODES AWAY FIRST, LEAVING AN ARCH.
  • 00:10:08
    QUIT MONKEYING AROUND, BILL.
  • 00:10:11
    AS THE WIND BLOWS ACROSS THE HIGH DESERT, IT PICKS UP SAND.
  • 00:10:15
    THE SANDY WIND ERODES THESE ROCKS.
  • 00:10:18
    Narrator: A HIGHLY MAGNIFIED VIEW OF SEVERAL SAND GRAINS
  • 00:10:22
    SHOWS THEIR SHARP, CUTTING EDGES.
  • 00:10:24
    SUCH HARD, QUARTZ GRAINS CUT INTO SOLID ROCK
  • 00:10:27
    WHEN BLOWN ACROSS ITS SURFACE.
  • 00:10:29
    SINCE THE WIND CAN ONLY PICK THE SAND UP SO HIGH,
  • 00:10:33
    IT ONLY ERODES THE ROCK SO FAR.
  • 00:10:35
    WE CALL THESE MUSHROOM ROCKS.
  • 00:10:37
    THEY'RE FORMED BY WIND EROSION.
  • 00:10:45
    A STREAM HAS CUT THROUGH THIS SANDSTONE.
  • 00:10:48
    THE RUNNING WATER PICKS UP SAND GRAINS OFF THE STREAM BED
  • 00:10:53
    AND CARRIES THEM ALONG.
  • 00:10:55
    THE SANDY WATER ACTS LIKE A SCOURING PAD,
  • 00:10:59
    WEARING ITS WAY DOWN YEAR AFTER YEAR,
  • 00:11:03
    YEAR AFTER YEAR,
  • 00:11:05
    YEAR AFTER YEAR,
  • 00:11:07
    AND CARVING THIS CANYON.
  • 00:11:11
    EROSION IS THE SLOW WEARING AWAY OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE,
  • 00:11:14
    KIND OF LIKE WHAT I'M DOING HERE,
  • 00:11:16
    BUT FOR MILLIONS AND MILLIONS OF YEARS.
  • 00:11:19
    YES!
  • 00:11:25
    WAVES ARE RELENTLESS.
  • 00:11:28
    THEY POUND, POUND, POUND, POUND, POUND ON THE SHORE.
  • 00:11:32
    AND WHEN THEY DO, THE FORCE OF THE WAVE
  • 00:11:35
    BENDS THE ROCK AND MAKES IT CRACK.
  • 00:11:38
    THE CONTINUED FORCE OF THE WAVE MAKES THE CRACKS GET BIGGER,
  • 00:11:41
    AND EVENTUALLY, PIECES OF THE ROCK FALL AWAY, LEAVING THESE.
  • 00:11:45
    THEY'RE CALLED SEA STACKS.
  • 00:11:47
    THAT ROCK -- IN FACT, ALL THE ROCKS AROUND HERE --
  • 00:11:50
    USED TO BE PART OF THIS HILL.
  • 00:11:52
    BUT THE FORCE OF THE WAVES HAS KNOCKED 'EM ALL LOOSE.
  • 00:11:55
    AND I'LL TELL YOU WHAT ELSE.
  • 00:11:57
    IN ANOTHER FEW MILLION YEARS,
  • 00:11:58
    ALL OF THESE ROCKS WILL BE REDUCED TO SAND.
  • 00:12:01
    SAND LIKE THIS.
  • 00:12:02
    SEE, HERE AT THE BEACH,
  • 00:12:03
    THE WAVES HAVE BEEN POUNDING ON THE PEBBLES AND MAKING THEM
  • 00:12:07
    RUB ON EACH OTHER FOR TENS OF THOUSANDS OF YEARS,
  • 00:12:10
    TURNING THEM INTO GRAINS OF SAND.
  • 00:12:12
    NOW, WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE SHORELINE,
  • 00:12:15
    YOU CAN SEE THAT IT'S A NARROW STRIP OF SAND.
  • 00:12:17
    THAT'S BECAUSE THE WAVES ONLY POUND THEIR WAY SO FAR INLAND.
  • 00:12:21
    BUT LOOK -- THEY'RE TURNING ROCKS INTO SAND,
  • 00:12:24
    FOR CRYING OUT LOUD!
  • 00:12:25
    IT'S EROSION.
  • 00:12:28
    Announcer: WELCOME BACK TO...
  • 00:12:32
    TONIGHT'S EPISODE, GRANDPA SMOOTHES THINGS OUT.
  • 00:12:38
    GRANDPA, HOW COME YOU'RE SO SMOOTH,
  • 00:12:42
    AND I'M SO ROUGH?
  • 00:12:44
    WHY, YOU JUST HAVEN'T UNDERGONE MUCH EROSION YET.
  • 00:12:48
    EROSION?
  • 00:12:50
    [ LAUGHS ]
  • 00:12:52
    HERE, LET ME SHOW YOU.
  • 00:12:54
    WHEN I WAS YOUR AGE,
  • 00:12:56
    I WAS A LITTLE ROUGH AROUND THE EDGES, TOO,
  • 00:13:00
    BUT AFTER MILLIONS OF YEARS OF SAND, WIND, AND WAVES
  • 00:13:04
    POUNDING ON ME, I GOT SMOOTHER.
  • 00:13:08
    YOU WILL, TOO.
  • 00:13:10
    WOW!
  • 00:13:11
    YOU MEAN, I'LL BE SMOOTH LIKE YOU?
  • 00:13:16
    [ Laughs ] RIGHTY-O!
  • 00:13:17
    WILL I HAVE A GRAY BEARD AND RED IRON OXIDE STREAKS, TOO?
  • 00:13:22
    IF YOU'RE LUCKY.
  • 00:13:23
    [ BOTH LAUGHING ]
  • 00:13:28
    NICE VIEW... BUT AT WHAT PRICE? HAH!
  • 00:13:35
    THIS HOUSE IS BUILT ON THE SIDE OF A HILL --
  • 00:13:38
    AN ERODING HILL, AND IT'S STEEP.
  • 00:13:41
    WHEN THE SOIL GOT SOAKED WITH RAINWATER,
  • 00:13:43
    IT BROKE LOOSE IN BIG SLABS.
  • 00:13:45
    NOW, IF A HOUSE HAPPENED TO BE BUILT ON A SLAB,
  • 00:13:48
    AND THE SLAB CAME LOOSE, WELL, THE HOUSE WENT WITH IT.
  • 00:13:56
    NOW, PEOPLE CAN SLOW EROSION DOWN
  • 00:13:59
    BY DESIGNING CONCRETE BARRIERS, PUTTING UP PLYWOOD FENCES,
  • 00:14:02
    AND INSTALLING DRAINAGE PIPES.
  • 00:14:05
    THEY HAVE TO DO ALL THIS EXTRA WORK
  • 00:14:07
    TO LIVE HERE WITH THIS GREAT VIEW.
  • 00:14:08
    IT'S A CHOICE THEY MAKE.
  • 00:14:10
    BUT SOMETIMES THEY HAVE TO MOVE
  • 00:14:12
    BECAUSE FIGHTING EROSION CAN BE AN UPHILL BATTLE.
  • 00:14:16
    Announcer: TONIGHT, ON A VERY SPECIAL EPISODE OF "ERHODA."
  • 00:14:24
    OY VEY, THIS WHOLE CITY
  • 00:14:26
    JUST AIN'T WHAT IT'S CRACKED UP TO BE. HUH!
  • 00:14:29
    Announcer: CAN A SINGLE GIRL MAKE IT IN A BIG CITY
  • 00:14:33
    THAT'S ERODING BEFORE HER EYES?
  • 00:14:37
    THE SEED THAT THIS TREE IS GROWING FROM
  • 00:14:39
    LANDED IN A TOUGH PLACE A LONG TIME AGO.
  • 00:14:41
    NOW, RIGHT NOW, THE ROOTS UP HERE
  • 00:14:44
    ARE HOLDING BACK ROCKS AND SOIL,
  • 00:14:46
    AND THE ROOTS DOWN HERE ARE STRONG ENOUGH THAT,
  • 00:14:49
    AS THEY GROW, THEY CAN SPLIT ROCK APART,
  • 00:14:51
    HELPING BREAK IT DOWN INTO SOIL FOR OTHER PLANTS TO GROW IN.
  • 00:14:55
    SEE, THIS TREE IS HOLDING BACK SOIL,
  • 00:14:58
    BUT THE ROCK IS STILL ERODING AWAY.
  • 00:15:01
    SO IN ONE WAY, THE TREE IS SLOWING EROSION DOWN,
  • 00:15:04
    BUT IN ANOTHER WAY, IT'S SPEEDING EROSION UP.
  • 00:15:07
    SEE, LIVING THINGS ARE PART OF THE PROCESS.
  • 00:15:10
    Announcer: TONIGHT ON "MacGOOBER,"
  • 00:15:12
    MGOOBER IS TRAPPED IN AN ABANDONED WAREHOUSE,
  • 00:15:15
    BUT DON'T THINK HE'S LICKED YET.
  • 00:15:18
    I'M NOT LICKED YET!
  • 00:15:23
    EROSION.
  • 00:15:32
    NOW, I JUST HAVE TO SIT BACK AND WAIT FOR...
  • 00:15:36
    EROSION TO DIG THROUGH THE FLOOR.
  • 00:15:41
    ♪ EROSION GRRRL, SHE'LL WEAR YOU DOWN ♪
  • 00:15:44
    ♪ RAIN, WIND, AND SAND OR WATER, WOW ♪
  • 00:15:46
    ♪ SHE'S EROSION GRRRL ♪
  • 00:15:48
    ♪ AND SHE'LL ROCK YOUR WORLD ♪
  • 00:15:50
    LOOK AT THIS!
  • 00:15:52
    LOOK AT THIS!
  • 00:15:53
    IT'S EROSION!
  • 00:15:55
    E-RO-SION!
  • 00:15:56
    WIND, RAIN, SAND, ICE.
  • 00:15:59
    IT EATS AWAY.
  • 00:16:00
    [ CHOMPING LOUDLY ]
  • 00:16:02
    IT ATTACKS ROCKS AND MOUNTAINS.
  • 00:16:06
    IT TAKES MILLIONS AND MILLIONS AND MILLIONS OF YEARS.
  • 00:16:09
    IT NEVER ENDS!
  • 00:16:10
    SO SUCK IT UP AND DEAL WITH IT!
  • 00:16:20
    Announcer: "MacGOOBER."
  • 00:16:25
    OH, YEAH.
  • 00:16:28
    NOW WE'RE GETTING THERE.
  • 00:16:31
    ANOTHER 10,000 YEARS OUGHTA DO IT.
  • 00:16:35
    DON'T MISS "MacGOOBER" ON NYE TV, RIGHT AFTER --
  • 00:16:41
    SEE THESE LAYERS?
  • 00:16:44
    THIS HOODOO.
  • 00:16:46
    SEE THIS LITTLE ARCH?
  • 00:16:49
    SEE THIS WINDOW?
  • 00:16:54
    SEE THOSE GROTTOS?
  • 00:16:56
    SEE THESE ROCKS?
  • 00:16:58
    WELL, TAKE A GOOD LOOK,
  • 00:16:59
    'CAUSE THEY DIDN'T LOOK LIKE THIS YESTERDAY,
  • 00:17:02
    AND THEY WON'T LOOK LIKE THIS TOMORROW.
  • 00:17:04
    IN FACT, THEY'LL NEVER LOOK EXACTLY LIKE THIS EVER AGAIN.
  • 00:17:11
    HERE'S WHY.
  • 00:17:13
    EVERY ONCE IN A WHILE, IT SNOWS AROUND HERE.
  • 00:17:16
    THEN IN THE MORNING, THE SUN MELTS THE SNOW,
  • 00:17:19
    AND THE WATER FLOWS DOWN BETWEEN CRACKS IN THE ROCK.
  • 00:17:23
    THEN AT NIGHT, IT FREEZES AGAIN AND EXPANDS.
  • 00:17:27
    THAT FORCES THE ROCKS APART, MAKES 'EM CRACK.
  • 00:17:31
    NOW, AS THE LIQUID WATER FLOWS OVER THE ROCK,
  • 00:17:34
    IT DISSOLVES SOME OF THE MINERALS.
  • 00:17:36
    THAT'S WHY WE SEE THESE DIFFERENT COLORS.
  • 00:17:38
    THEN THIS GREEN COLOR AND THIS BLACK COLOR
  • 00:17:41
    ARE PLANTS CALLED LICHEN,
  • 00:17:43
    AND THEY'RE FEEDING ON CHEMICALS IN THE ROCK.
  • 00:17:47
    SO THE FREEZING WATER, THE CHEMICALS,
  • 00:17:50
    AND THE LIVING THINGS ARE ALL EATING AWAY AT THE ROCKS.
  • 00:17:54
    [ CHOMPS ]
  • 00:17:55
    MM-HMM. YOU HUNGRY, BILL?
  • 00:18:00
    IT MAY NOT SEEM LIKE IT,
  • 00:18:02
    BUT THIS PROCESS IS HAPPENING EVERY DAY.
  • 00:18:04
    IT DOESN'T EVER STOP.
  • 00:18:06
    THE WALLS OF THIS CANYON ERODE ABOUT THAT FAR --
  • 00:18:09
    THIS MUCH -- ABOUT HALF A CENTIMETER EVERY YEAR.
  • 00:18:13
    HOW FAR DO YOU THINK THEY'D ERODE IN 100 YEARS?
  • 00:18:17
    IT'D BE ABOUT THAT FAR.
  • 00:18:19
    IN 100 CENTURIES?
  • 00:18:20
    IT'D BE CLOSE TO A SOCCER FIELD.
  • 00:18:23
    JUST THINK WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IN A MILLION YEARS
  • 00:18:26
    OR 15 MILLION YEARS.
  • 00:18:27
    YOU COULD SEE THAT ONE DAY,
  • 00:18:28
    THIS PLACE WON'T LOOK ANYTHING LIKE THE WAY IT DOES NOW.
  • 00:18:31
    YOU SEE, EROSION IS A NEVER-ENDING PROCESS.
  • 00:18:37
    WHEN WATER FREEZES, IT EXPANDS,
  • 00:18:39
    AND THAT CAN CAUSE EROSION.
  • 00:18:44
    TAKE SOME MODELING CLAY AND SMOOTH IT INTO A BALL.
  • 00:18:48
    A LITTLE FASTER, IF YOU COULD.
  • 00:18:52
    LIKE THIS.
  • 00:18:53
    THERE YOU GO.
  • 00:18:57
    PUT YOUR BALL IN A PLASTIC BAG
  • 00:18:59
    AND PLACE THE WHOLE THING IN THE FREEZER OVERNIGHT.
  • 00:19:02
    ALL RIGHT.
  • 00:19:04
    THE NEXT DAY...
  • 00:19:07
    LET IT THAW, AND THEN PLACE IT IN THE FREEZER OVERNIGHT AGAIN.
  • 00:19:11
    MM-HMM.
  • 00:19:15
    THEN LET IT THAW AND FREEZE IT AGAIN.
  • 00:19:21
    NOW I'VE FROZEN THIS PIECE THREE TIMES.
  • 00:19:23
    I KNOW.
  • 00:19:24
    SEE? THE CLAY CRACKS UP ALL OVER THE PLACE.
  • 00:19:26
    WATER IN THE CLAY FROZE, EXPANDED,
  • 00:19:28
    AND THEN SPLIT THE CLAY APART. HMM.
  • 00:19:31
    THE SAME THING HAPPENS WITH ROCKS.
  • 00:19:33
    WATER GETS IN THE CRACKS AND FREEZES INTO ICE.
  • 00:19:36
    THE ROCK ERODES A LITTLE BIT MORE
  • 00:19:38
    EVERY TIME THE TEMPERATURE DIPS BELOW ZERO.
  • 00:19:40
    IT'S EROSION.
  • 00:19:45
    SEE THE CRACK IN THAT WALL? UH-HUH.
  • 00:19:47
    HOODOO IN PROGRESS.
  • 00:19:49
    HOODOO.
  • 00:19:51
    THAT'S A HOODOO -- A COLUMN OF ROCK.
  • 00:19:53
    IT STARTED OUT AS PART OF A VERTICAL ROCK WALL,
  • 00:19:56
    LIKE THAT ONE.
  • 00:19:58
    THEN, YEAR AFTER YEAR AFTER YEAR...
  • 00:20:00
    YEAR AFTER YEAR AFTER YEAR AFTER YEAR,
  • 00:20:03
    WATER WORKED ITS WAY INTO CRACKS AND FROZE.
  • 00:20:06
    IT MADE BIG WEDGES SLOUGH OFF, LEAVING HARD ROCK BEHIND --
  • 00:20:11
    THE HOODOOS. THEY'RE SPECTACULAR.
  • 00:20:13
    HOODOO!
  • 00:20:15
    HOODOO!
  • 00:20:16
    HOODOO!
  • 00:20:18
    [ Echoing ] HOODOO! HOODOO! HOODOO!
  • 00:20:21
    HOODOO! HOODOO! HOODOO!
  • 00:20:23
    HOODOO! HOODOO! HOODOO!
  • 00:20:26
    [ HOWLS ]
  • 00:20:35
    ♪ EVERY MOUNTAIN, ROCK AND HILL ♪
  • 00:20:38
    ♪ WEARS AWAY, ERODES UNTIL ♪
  • 00:20:41
    ♪ IT'S SEDIMENT AND SAND CARRIED OFF BY RAIN AND WIND ♪
  • 00:20:49
    ♪ OOH, IT'S A CHANGE THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN FAST ♪
  • 00:20:52
    ♪ THAT JAGGED EDGE WON'T LAST ♪
  • 00:20:55
    ♪ POUNDING WATER, WIND, AND ICE AND THE FALLING RAIN ♪
  • 00:20:59
    ♪ THEY'RE ALL CAUSING THE EROSION ♪
  • 00:21:02
    ♪ EVEN CHEMICALS WE KNOW THAT ARE IN THE AIR ♪
  • 00:21:06
    ♪ THEY'RE CAUSING THE EROSION ♪
  • 00:21:08
    ♪ THE SURFACE OF OUR PLANET EARTH ♪
  • 00:21:11
    ♪ EACH MOUNTAIN TOP AND ROCKY CLIFF ♪
  • 00:21:14
    ♪ ERODED BY THE ELEMENTS, IT'S A WELL-KNOWN FACT ♪
  • 00:21:21
    ♪ POUNDING WATER, WIND, AND ICE AND THE FALLING RAIN ♪
  • 00:21:25
    ♪ THEY'RE ALL CAUSING THE EROSION ♪
  • 00:21:28
    ♪ EVEN CHEMICALS WE KNOW THAT ARE IN THE AIR ♪
  • 00:21:32
    ♪ THEY'RE CAUSING THE EROSION ♪
  • 00:21:34
    ♪ PPOUNDING WATER, WIND AND ICE AND THE FALLING RAIN ♪
  • 00:21:38
    ♪ THEY'RE ALL CAUSING THE EROSION ♪
  • 00:21:41
    ♪ EVEN CHEMICALS WE KNOW THAT ARE IN THE AIR ♪
  • 00:21:45
    ♪ THEY'RE CAUSING THE EROSION ♪
  • 00:21:50
    WELL, THAT'S OUR SHOW. THANKS FOR WATCHING.
  • 00:21:53
    IF YOU'LL EXCUSE ME,
  • 00:21:54
    I'VE GOT SOME VENEFACT ABRASION CO-EFFICIENTS TO DELINEATE.
  • 00:21:57
    SEE YA!
  • 00:21:59
    PRODUCED IN ASSOCIATION WITH...
  • 00:22:02
    WOO-HOO-HOO! STEEP.
  • 00:22:03
    SURE, IT'S STEEP. IT'S BEEN WASHING FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS.
  • 00:22:07
    LOOK AT THIS. OH, MAN.
  • 00:22:08
    LOOK AT THESE THINGS. LOOK AT THE SIZE OF THESE THINGS!
  • 00:22:12
    IT'S KOOKY. THEY'RE BEAUTIFUL.
  • 00:22:14
    THEY'RE VENTIFACTION THAT HAPPENS EVERY DAY
  • 00:22:17
    IN THIS TIME OF YEAR.
  • 00:22:18
    LOOK AT THIS -- HUGE, HUGE WEDGES OF MATERIAL
  • 00:22:21
    THAT GET SLOUGHED OFF EVERY MORNING.
  • 00:22:24
    I MEAN, NOT EVERY MORNING, BUT, I MEAN, SLOWLY.
  • 00:22:26
    YOU'RE LOOKING GOOD, BUT, YOU KNOW, ANOTHER THOUSAND YEARS,
  • 00:22:29
    I DON'T THINK YOU'RE GONNA BE HERE.
  • 00:22:31
    NOPE, I THINK YOU'RE GONNA BE LONG GONE.
  • 00:22:33
    YEAH, YOU ARE. NOTHING I CAN DO ABOUT IT, MY FRIEND.
  • 00:22:36
    YOU'RE A ROCK. I'M A HUMAN.
  • 00:22:38
    YOU'LL BE HERE AFTER I'M GONE, I GUESS,
  • 00:22:40
    BUT I CAN SEE IT COMING FOR YOU.
  • 00:22:42
    YEAH, I CAN. LET'S LOOK OVER HERE.
  • 00:22:45
    LOOK OVER HERE.
  • 00:22:46
    IN YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD RIGHT NOW, THERE'S EROSION GOING ON.
  • 00:22:50
    -- Captions by VITAC -- www.vitac.com
  • 00:22:53
    CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY DISNEY EDUCATIONAL PRODUCTIONS
タグ
  • erosion
  • natural forces
  • geology
  • landscape change
  • Bill Nye
  • experiments
  • educational
  • chemicals
  • wind erosion
  • water erosion