8 CHME Reformation 1500 1600

00:34:52
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPN4SmilP-Q

概要

TLDRThe video explores a family's unique Halloween ritual that connects to Martin Luther's Reformation. It recounts Luther's transformation from a troubled monk to a key figure in Christianity, emphasizing his struggles with faith, the sale of indulgences, and his stand at the Diet of Worms. The narrative includes other reformers like John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli, the rise of Anabaptists, and the role of the printing press in spreading Reformation ideas. The video concludes by reflecting on the ongoing quest for unity among Christian denominations, highlighting the lasting impact of the Reformation.

収穫

  • 🎃 Unique family ritual connects to Reformation
  • 📜 Romans 1:17 emphasizes righteousness by faith
  • ✝️ Martin Luther's journey from monk to reformer
  • 💰 Indulgences were payments to reduce sin punishment
  • 🏛️ Diet of Worms was a pivotal moment for Luther
  • 👥 Anabaptists advocated for adult baptism
  • 🏛️ Council of Trent clarified Catholic doctrine
  • 🖨️ Printing press spread Reformation ideas rapidly
  • 💍 Luther elevated the status of marriage
  • 🤝 Ongoing quest for unity among Christian denominations

タイムライン

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The speaker describes a unique family ritual involving pumpkin carving and displaying Romans 1:17 on Halloween, linking it to Martin Luther's journey of faith. They introduce Martin Luther's story, starting in 1505 when he vowed to become a monk after a life-altering experience during a thunderstorm, highlighting his struggles with sin and righteousness.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    Luther's obsession with sin led him to excessive confessions, prompting his superiors to send him to the University of Wittenberg. There, he met Johann Staupitz, who encouraged him to study scripture. Luther's understanding of God's righteousness evolved, particularly through Psalm 31 and Romans 1:17, leading him to realize that righteousness comes through faith in Jesus, not through personal merit.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    In 1517, Luther opposed the sale of indulgences, which were believed to reduce punishment for sins. He wrote the 95 Theses to spark debate on this issue, which gained traction due to the printing press, spreading his ideas across Germany and challenging the church's practices.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    The Pope initially dismissed Luther's concerns, but as Luther continued to write against church corruption, he was summoned to the Diet of Worms in 1521. There, he famously refused to recant his writings unless proven wrong by scripture, asserting the authority of the Bible over church tradition.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:25:00

    Luther's actions inadvertently sparked the Reformation, leading to a shift in views on marriage and family. He married Katharina von Bora, emphasizing the goodness of marriage and children, and encouraged people to embrace these gifts from God, countering the church's previous views on celibacy.

  • 00:25:00 - 00:34:52

    The Reformation also saw other figures like John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli emerge, each contributing to the movement in different ways. Calvin's focus was on the knowledge of God through scripture, while Zwingli challenged dietary restrictions during Lent, leading to further theological debates and the rise of groups like the Anabaptists, who faced persecution for their beliefs.

もっと見る

マインドマップ

ビデオQ&A

  • What is the significance of the pumpkins in the family ritual?

    The pumpkins symbolize Martin Luther and his connection to the Reformation.

  • What does Romans 1:17 represent in the video?

    It highlights the theme of righteousness by faith, central to Martin Luther's teachings.

  • Who was Martin Luther?

    A monk and theologian who initiated the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century.

  • What were indulgences?

    Payments made to the church believed to reduce punishment for sins.

  • What was the Diet of Worms?

    A council where Martin Luther defended his writings against the Catholic Church.

  • Who were the Anabaptists?

    A group that believed in adult baptism and faced persecution for their beliefs.

  • What was the Council of Trent?

    A council that addressed church reforms and clarified Catholic doctrine.

  • What role did the printing press play in the Reformation?

    It allowed for the rapid spread of Reformation ideas and texts.

  • What was the impact of the Reformation on marriage?

    Martin Luther promoted marriage as a holy institution, elevating its status.

  • What is the legacy of the Reformation today?

    It continues to influence Christian denominations and discussions on faith and unity.

ビデオをもっと見る

AIを活用したYouTubeの無料動画要約に即アクセス！
字幕
en
オートスクロール:
  • 00:00:00
    foreign
  • 00:00:08
    we have kind of a strange ritual in our
  • 00:00:10
    house each year before we hand out candy
  • 00:00:12
    on October 31st here's what we do we
  • 00:00:15
    carve pumpkins of two ex-lawyers and
  • 00:00:18
    then the kids nail on the door the front
  • 00:00:19
    door of the house a piece of paper that
  • 00:00:22
    says 95 Theses and has written out on it
  • 00:00:24
    Romans chapter 1 and verse 17. now if
  • 00:00:28
    you have no clue what I'm talking about
  • 00:00:30
    and you think our family is just kind of
  • 00:00:31
    strange in this regard and you may be
  • 00:00:33
    right that we may be a little bit
  • 00:00:34
    strange but I want to talk about some
  • 00:00:37
    things that will help you understand
  • 00:00:38
    hopefully why we do what we do why we
  • 00:00:40
    have pumpkins of two ex-lawyers and why
  • 00:00:43
    Romans 1 17 is on the front door so to
  • 00:00:46
    understand why we do what we do let's go
  • 00:00:48
    back to 1505. in the year 1505 there was
  • 00:00:51
    a young lawyer who was walking along a
  • 00:00:53
    road in Germany and suddenly a summer
  • 00:00:56
    thunderstorm broke out around him and a
  • 00:00:59
    lightning bolt struck a tree near him
  • 00:01:00
    and he was frightened thrown to the
  • 00:01:02
    ground even
  • 00:01:03
    and when that happened he cried out and
  • 00:01:05
    said Saint Anne help me I will become a
  • 00:01:10
    monk and he did become a monk and when
  • 00:01:12
    Martin Luther became a monk he became
  • 00:01:14
    the monkest monk of all monks he really
  • 00:01:16
    wouldn't infected what he said later on
  • 00:01:18
    was that if it was possible to Go to
  • 00:01:20
    Heaven by Monkish works then I would
  • 00:01:23
    have been the one to go he was obsessed
  • 00:01:25
    with the gap between his own
  • 00:01:27
    unrighteousness and the righteousness of
  • 00:01:30
    God that he would go into the
  • 00:01:31
    confessional a place that was set up to
  • 00:01:33
    confess your sins to a priest he would
  • 00:01:35
    go in there for six hours even at a time
  • 00:01:38
    confessing all of the sins that he had
  • 00:01:41
    committed now eventually his Monastery
  • 00:01:44
    sent him to the University of Wittenberg
  • 00:01:45
    probably because he was taking up all
  • 00:01:48
    their time in the confessional but there
  • 00:01:49
    were other reasons as well and at
  • 00:01:51
    University of Wittenberg he met a man
  • 00:01:53
    named Johann stalpitz now Johan stop but
  • 00:01:56
    somehow understood and saw through some
  • 00:01:58
    of the things that Martin Luther was
  • 00:01:59
    going through and Johann stoppelts he
  • 00:02:02
    had encouraged Martin Luther love of God
  • 00:02:04
    learn to love God but Martin Luther
  • 00:02:06
    responded at one point love God
  • 00:02:08
    sometimes I hate God and he spoke of
  • 00:02:12
    Jesus and he says I didn't see Jesus as
  • 00:02:14
    my savior I saw Jesus as the hangman of
  • 00:02:18
    my soul now Johann Stout bits he did
  • 00:02:21
    something that really changed the world
  • 00:02:23
    he probably didn't intend for it to but
  • 00:02:25
    it very much did you see what he did is
  • 00:02:27
    he said to Martin Luther you are going
  • 00:02:30
    to replace me as the professor of Bible
  • 00:02:33
    at the University of Wittenberg and he
  • 00:02:36
    told Martin Luther left the study of
  • 00:02:38
    scripture become your favorite
  • 00:02:41
    occupation and Martin Luther did now one
  • 00:02:44
    of the texts that gave him some Hope was
  • 00:02:46
    in Psalm 31. Psalm 31 reads in the verse
  • 00:02:50
    1 in You O Lord I have taken Refuge let
  • 00:02:53
    me never be ashamed and this is the part
  • 00:02:55
    that brought hope to Martin Luther in
  • 00:02:58
    your righteousness deliver me in your
  • 00:03:02
    righteousness deliver me you see Martin
  • 00:03:04
    Luther saw this massive gap between his
  • 00:03:07
    unrighteousness and God's righteousness
  • 00:03:09
    and he saw it as something that was
  • 00:03:11
    condemning him but he saw in this text
  • 00:03:14
    Psalm 31 1 that somehow God's
  • 00:03:17
    righteousness not only can condemn but
  • 00:03:20
    it also can deliver
  • 00:03:23
    and he lectured on the Psalms he
  • 00:03:25
    lectured on Paul's letters and it was
  • 00:03:27
    when he was lecturing on Paul's letters
  • 00:03:28
    and studying Paul's letter to the Romans
  • 00:03:31
    that he read this text and truly
  • 00:03:33
    understood it Romans 1 17. it says in
  • 00:03:37
    that text for in it in the gospel the
  • 00:03:39
    righteousness of God is revealed from
  • 00:03:42
    Faith to Faith as it is written but the
  • 00:03:45
    righteous man shall live by faith in
  • 00:03:49
    other words it is by faith that we live
  • 00:03:52
    by faith in Jesus Christ and he saw
  • 00:03:54
    something as he read these words at one
  • 00:03:56
    point and he said later before reading
  • 00:03:58
    these words I had hated the
  • 00:04:00
    righteousness of God but then I began to
  • 00:04:02
    understand the righteousness of God is
  • 00:04:05
    revealed by the gospel and he calls it
  • 00:04:07
    the passive righteousness with which
  • 00:04:10
    merciful god justifies Us by faith here
  • 00:04:13
    I felt that I was all together born
  • 00:04:15
    again and I had entered Paradise itself
  • 00:04:18
    through open gates in other words what
  • 00:04:20
    Martin Luther recognized as he read this
  • 00:04:22
    was that God because righteousness can
  • 00:04:25
    be imputed to us given to us through
  • 00:04:28
    faith in Jesus Christ that we don't have
  • 00:04:30
    to rely on our own righteousness in
  • 00:04:32
    trying to earn our way into God's favor
  • 00:04:34
    through righteousness but rather it is
  • 00:04:37
    that we trust Jesus and God gives us the
  • 00:04:40
    righteousness of Jesus Christ now all of
  • 00:04:44
    this would probably have had no impact
  • 00:04:45
    on History except for an event that
  • 00:04:48
    happened in the year 1517. you see
  • 00:04:50
    Martin Luther was a priest in the city
  • 00:04:52
    of Wittenberg and about this time Pope
  • 00:04:54
    Leo the tenth he made a deal with Albert
  • 00:04:57
    he was the ruler of this area and he
  • 00:04:59
    said to Albert he said that I will give
  • 00:05:01
    you half the prophets off of some
  • 00:05:03
    indulgences if you'll let them be sold
  • 00:05:06
    in your territory I got to explain a
  • 00:05:07
    little bit about what an Indulgence was
  • 00:05:10
    now an Indulgence was something that you
  • 00:05:13
    could purchase and your purchase of that
  • 00:05:15
    Indulgence your giving of that money
  • 00:05:17
    indicated that you were truly sorry for
  • 00:05:20
    the sins that you committed and so what
  • 00:05:21
    it would do was perceived ass it would
  • 00:05:24
    wipe away the temporary the the
  • 00:05:26
    temporary punishment for sins that you
  • 00:05:29
    had committed it released you from those
  • 00:05:31
    temporary punishments Now by this time
  • 00:05:33
    in Roman Catholic tradition it was
  • 00:05:35
    believed that this worked not only for
  • 00:05:37
    the sins that you've committed in this
  • 00:05:39
    life but it also could work for people
  • 00:05:41
    who were already dead for sins that they
  • 00:05:43
    had committed and could release them or
  • 00:05:45
    lessen their time in purgatory now all
  • 00:05:48
    Christians believe that sometime between
  • 00:05:50
    the time you die and the time God
  • 00:05:51
    resurrects you that there's sort of a
  • 00:05:53
    purging of your sin nature of some sort
  • 00:05:55
    that God makes us where we are perfect
  • 00:05:58
    we are not held by a sin nature any
  • 00:06:01
    longer now Augustine all the way back in
  • 00:06:04
    the 5th Century had speculated that this
  • 00:06:06
    might not be something that happens
  • 00:06:07
    instantly but it could be something that
  • 00:06:10
    takes time that happens over time now by
  • 00:06:13
    the time of the 1500s when Martin Luther
  • 00:06:15
    was at Wittenberg this had developed
  • 00:06:17
    into an entire idea that there was a
  • 00:06:19
    period of time even for the believer in
  • 00:06:21
    Jesus Christ between death and
  • 00:06:24
    Resurrection in which your sins were
  • 00:06:26
    being purged were being wiped away
  • 00:06:28
    washed away through some sort of
  • 00:06:30
    suffering and it was also believed that
  • 00:06:32
    by buying an Indulgence for somebody
  • 00:06:34
    else that you could lessen their time in
  • 00:06:37
    purgatory well there was a Dominican
  • 00:06:39
    Monk and his name was tetzel and tetzel
  • 00:06:42
    was the one who was commissioned to sell
  • 00:06:44
    indulgences in the area around her
  • 00:06:46
    Martin Luther was a priest
  • 00:06:48
    and so as he sold indulgences he was
  • 00:06:50
    said to have had a little rhyme a little
  • 00:06:52
    jingle that he would say and that was
  • 00:06:53
    that as soon as the coin in the Coffer
  • 00:06:56
    does ring a soul from purgatory does
  • 00:06:59
    spring now Martin Luther some of this
  • 00:07:02
    angered him the corruption of it angered
  • 00:07:04
    him the thought that that simply by
  • 00:07:06
    giving a coin that you could release
  • 00:07:08
    somebody from purgatory so on October
  • 00:07:10
    31st in the year 1517 he wrote 95 Theses
  • 00:07:15
    95 topics for debate they're written in
  • 00:07:18
    Latin they're addressed to Albert and to
  • 00:07:20
    tesl they're basically he's wanting to
  • 00:07:22
    say let's have a public debate on this
  • 00:07:24
    issue of indulgences now once again this
  • 00:07:28
    probably would not have caused anything
  • 00:07:29
    more than a footnote in church history
  • 00:07:31
    except for that the next year these were
  • 00:07:34
    translated into German and there was a
  • 00:07:36
    new technology remember this technology
  • 00:07:37
    was less than a century old and that new
  • 00:07:39
    technology was the printing press and
  • 00:07:42
    these were printed by the thousands and
  • 00:07:44
    spread all over Germany now when they
  • 00:07:47
    finally reached the pope at first first
  • 00:07:48
    Pope Leo the 10th said he's just a drunk
  • 00:07:51
    German when he sobers up he'll get over
  • 00:07:52
    it well Martin Luther kept writing he
  • 00:07:55
    kept writing all of these attacks upon
  • 00:07:57
    the church he kept calling up on people
  • 00:07:59
    to recognize some of the corruption in
  • 00:08:01
    Theology of the church and so in 1520
  • 00:08:04
    Pope Leo the tenth issued what became
  • 00:08:06
    known as exergy dominate which are the
  • 00:08:09
    first words in Latin of this document
  • 00:08:11
    that says arise O Lord judge your cause
  • 00:08:15
    when you were about to ascend to your
  • 00:08:17
    father you committed the care Rule and
  • 00:08:20
    administration of the vineyard to Peter
  • 00:08:21
    as the head and your representative and
  • 00:08:23
    to his successors which Peter which Pope
  • 00:08:26
    Leo thoughts himself now the wild boar
  • 00:08:29
    from the forest is seeking to destroy
  • 00:08:32
    your Vineyard so he was calling Martin
  • 00:08:35
    Luther a wild pig which though I'm not
  • 00:08:37
    going to repeat it is nothing compared
  • 00:08:39
    to what Martin Luther called the pope
  • 00:08:40
    now he was brought then he was said you
  • 00:08:43
    must come on safe conduct to a gathering
  • 00:08:46
    and it was called the diet of worms now
  • 00:08:49
    that sounds a little bit worse than it
  • 00:08:51
    really was in some ways this is not a
  • 00:08:53
    16th century version of How to Eat Fried
  • 00:08:55
    Worms the diet of worms had to do with a
  • 00:08:57
    gathering a diet was an imperial
  • 00:08:59
    Gathering and vorms was the city in
  • 00:09:02
    which they were going to gather
  • 00:09:04
    now the person that was bringing this
  • 00:09:06
    together was the Holy Roman Emperor
  • 00:09:07
    Charles V yes the Holy Roman emperors
  • 00:09:10
    were still fond of the name Charles and
  • 00:09:12
    Charles V he ruled the largest area
  • 00:09:15
    since Charlemagne had ruled all the way
  • 00:09:17
    back 700 years ago now this was a
  • 00:09:20
    frightful thing because if you remember
  • 00:09:22
    back to Yan Huss Yan Huss was brought to
  • 00:09:25
    Constance on the promise of safe conduct
  • 00:09:27
    from the Holy Roman Emperor and we all
  • 00:09:29
    know how that one turned out and so
  • 00:09:32
    Martin Luther was brought in with a
  • 00:09:34
    promise of safe conduct all the way to
  • 00:09:36
    the city of horms for a hearing over the
  • 00:09:40
    writings that had been spread all over
  • 00:09:42
    Europe in his name
  • 00:09:44
    so on April 18th 1521 he stood before
  • 00:09:48
    the Holy Roman Emperor and now let it
  • 00:09:50
    stand before the Holy Roman Emperor
  • 00:09:52
    there was a pile of Martin Luther's
  • 00:09:54
    books and this pile of Martin Luther's
  • 00:09:56
    books when the Holy Roman Emperor
  • 00:09:58
    Charles V had walked in with his AIDS
  • 00:10:00
    they had said this man couldn't have
  • 00:10:02
    written this much because there was such
  • 00:10:03
    a large pile of all of his books and
  • 00:10:05
    they didn't even believe that one person
  • 00:10:07
    could write that many books and so he
  • 00:10:10
    was asked will you recant
  • 00:10:13
    or do you want to defend the books that
  • 00:10:16
    you've written Martin Luther
  • 00:10:18
    and Martin Luther said give me time to
  • 00:10:20
    think it over he didn't respond
  • 00:10:22
    immediately he said give me some time to
  • 00:10:25
    think it over
  • 00:10:26
    so they gave him till the next day
  • 00:10:28
    they brought Martin Luther back in the
  • 00:10:31
    next day and they asked him well you
  • 00:10:33
    were can't or do you want to defend
  • 00:10:35
    these writings
  • 00:10:36
    and Martin Luther said well there are
  • 00:10:38
    three kinds of writings here
  • 00:10:40
    one type is devotional writings and I
  • 00:10:42
    don't think you'd want me to to retract
  • 00:10:44
    those because those are for people to
  • 00:10:46
    grow closer to Christ
  • 00:10:48
    there's another type and it's attacking
  • 00:10:50
    the indulgences and the corruption of
  • 00:10:52
    the church
  • 00:10:53
    I don't think you want me to retract
  • 00:10:54
    those because the corruption of the
  • 00:10:56
    church isn't that something we all want
  • 00:10:58
    to see fixed he said there are some in a
  • 00:11:00
    third category that are theological
  • 00:11:03
    tracks that I may have gone overboard on
  • 00:11:04
    I may have been too harsh
  • 00:11:06
    and he said I'm willing to retract some
  • 00:11:08
    of what's in those but under one
  • 00:11:11
    condition you've got to show me in
  • 00:11:13
    scripture why they're wrong and if
  • 00:11:17
    you'll show me in scripture where
  • 00:11:18
    anything I've written in that category
  • 00:11:19
    is wrong I will be the first one to take
  • 00:11:22
    it and help you throw it into the fire
  • 00:11:25
    well this answer didn't satisfy them the
  • 00:11:27
    secretary said to him Martin Luther give
  • 00:11:29
    us an answer without horns in other
  • 00:11:31
    words give us an answer that's clear and
  • 00:11:33
    straightforward and direct and so Martin
  • 00:11:35
    Luther said do you want an answer
  • 00:11:36
    without horns well here it is
  • 00:11:39
    and he spoke these words unless I am
  • 00:11:42
    convinced by the testimony of the Holy
  • 00:11:44
    scriptures or by evident reason for I
  • 00:11:47
    can believe neither popes nor councils
  • 00:11:49
    alone as it is clear that they have
  • 00:11:51
    aired repeatedly and contradicted
  • 00:11:52
    themselves I consider myself convicted
  • 00:11:55
    by the testimony of Holy Scripture which
  • 00:11:57
    is my basis my conscience is captive to
  • 00:12:00
    the word of God thus I cannot and I will
  • 00:12:03
    not recant because acting against one's
  • 00:12:05
    conscience is neither safe nor sound
  • 00:12:08
    God help me
  • 00:12:12
    now when he left the diet of worms he
  • 00:12:15
    would have probably been arrested at
  • 00:12:16
    some point and executed but the ruler of
  • 00:12:18
    Saxony through an arrangement that they
  • 00:12:20
    had already pre-arranged kidnapped him
  • 00:12:21
    and took him away to a castle and while
  • 00:12:23
    he was there he translated the Bible
  • 00:12:25
    into German that everybody could
  • 00:12:27
    understand in his country but eventually
  • 00:12:29
    he was returned to the city of
  • 00:12:32
    Wittenberg now while he was there he
  • 00:12:34
    began to this Reformation movement began
  • 00:12:37
    to grow but one of the things that we
  • 00:12:39
    often forget that's so radical about
  • 00:12:40
    Martin Luther is that not only did he
  • 00:12:43
    transform the way people viewed
  • 00:12:44
    justification by faith and indulgences
  • 00:12:46
    in the church and all of that but the
  • 00:12:49
    way people viewed marriage because in
  • 00:12:51
    many areas marriage had been viewed up
  • 00:12:53
    to this time for a long time as
  • 00:12:55
    something that's a little bit less holy
  • 00:12:57
    than being a monk or being a nun or
  • 00:12:59
    being a priest and yet Martin Luther
  • 00:13:01
    made it clear that marriage and children
  • 00:13:04
    were good and wonderful gifts from God
  • 00:13:07
    in fact he wrote a letter that convinced
  • 00:13:09
    some nuns a dozen nuns to leave their
  • 00:13:11
    Convent now some of eventually went back
  • 00:13:13
    to the convent some of them got married
  • 00:13:15
    but one of them was left over and she
  • 00:13:18
    wanted to be married but there was no
  • 00:13:20
    one who was there to marry her yet and
  • 00:13:21
    eventually Catherine Von Bora was
  • 00:13:24
    married by Martin Luther for three very
  • 00:13:26
    very romantic reasons he said it will
  • 00:13:29
    please my father it will provoke the
  • 00:13:31
    pope and it will preserve my name and so
  • 00:13:34
    he married her for those three reasons
  • 00:13:35
    but they grew to love one another and
  • 00:13:38
    part of what he had written to these
  • 00:13:39
    nuns was simply this God has ordered man
  • 00:13:42
    and woman to be in marital Union no one
  • 00:13:45
    needs to be ashamed over how God has
  • 00:13:47
    made and created him
  • 00:13:50
    he had children six children and they
  • 00:13:52
    adopted at least four more and he told
  • 00:13:55
    people that children were a gift a
  • 00:13:57
    wonderful gift from God and he said even
  • 00:13:59
    this he said people who don't like
  • 00:14:01
    children are pigs and Dunces they're
  • 00:14:03
    also Blockheads for that matter they
  • 00:14:05
    aren't even worthy to be called men and
  • 00:14:06
    women because they despise the blessing
  • 00:14:08
    of God the Creator and the author of
  • 00:14:11
    marriage
  • 00:14:12
    and so Martin Luther begins a movement
  • 00:14:15
    without even meaning to now much to his
  • 00:14:17
    Chagrin people start calling themselves
  • 00:14:19
    lutherans when he hears about this the
  • 00:14:21
    people are calling themselves lutherans
  • 00:14:23
    what he says is do not call yourself
  • 00:14:25
    lutherans call yourselves Christians who
  • 00:14:28
    is Luther this teaching is not mine I
  • 00:14:30
    was not crucified for anyone how do I a
  • 00:14:34
    poor stinking sack of maggots have
  • 00:14:36
    children of God called by my name I did
  • 00:14:39
    nothing the word of God did it all and
  • 00:14:44
    he encouraged them to call themselves
  • 00:14:45
    Christians rather than lutherans now in
  • 00:14:47
    the end they end up being called in many
  • 00:14:49
    areas Protestants because there's an
  • 00:14:51
    area at one point that protestantism or
  • 00:14:54
    belief in Luther's ideas is outlawed and
  • 00:14:56
    the people protested so much that they
  • 00:14:58
    became known as Protestants now Martin
  • 00:15:02
    Luther wasn't the only one who is a
  • 00:15:05
    lawyer who ends up being a reformer
  • 00:15:07
    another one was John Calvin in the year
  • 00:15:11
    1534 John John Calvin was going along a
  • 00:15:14
    road but he didn't have a storm or
  • 00:15:15
    anything like that what had happened
  • 00:15:17
    with John Calvin is that he and a friend
  • 00:15:19
    had written a speech at the University
  • 00:15:20
    of Paris and while there they'd written
  • 00:15:23
    this speech then they'd put it with
  • 00:15:24
    quotes of Luther all the way through
  • 00:15:26
    this particular speech and he had to
  • 00:15:28
    flee because of the fact that this had
  • 00:15:30
    caused such an uproar at the University
  • 00:15:32
    of Paris and so he fled first to the
  • 00:15:35
    city of noon and then he fled further to
  • 00:15:37
    the into Switzerland and he becomes a
  • 00:15:40
    reformer as well without even meaning to
  • 00:15:42
    while he's in Switzerland he writes the
  • 00:15:44
    Institutes of the Christian religion
  • 00:15:46
    which is sort of the first
  • 00:15:47
    systematically organized way of looking
  • 00:15:49
    at this Reformation Faith now the center
  • 00:15:53
    of John Calvin's theology was not
  • 00:15:56
    predestination we often have that idea
  • 00:15:58
    in many ways but the center of John
  • 00:16:01
    Calvin's theology is the knowledge of
  • 00:16:03
    God made known through the word of God
  • 00:16:05
    that opens up to us Union with Christ
  • 00:16:08
    that's the essence of John Calvin's
  • 00:16:11
    theology you see he starts out with his
  • 00:16:13
    institutes and says our wisdom insofar
  • 00:16:15
    as it ought to be called true and solid
  • 00:16:17
    wisdom consists almost entirely of two
  • 00:16:19
    parts the knowledge of God and knowledge
  • 00:16:21
    of ourselves but then he goes on as he
  • 00:16:23
    develops the institutes to make it very
  • 00:16:25
    clear that we don't really know God or
  • 00:16:28
    know ourselves rightly until we know
  • 00:16:30
    ourselves and know God in light of the
  • 00:16:33
    word of God he says in these institutes
  • 00:16:35
    beware lest our words and thoughts go
  • 00:16:37
    beyond what the word of God tells us we
  • 00:16:39
    must leave God to his own knowledge and
  • 00:16:41
    understand him as he makes himself known
  • 00:16:43
    to us without attempting to discover
  • 00:16:46
    anything about his nature apart from his
  • 00:16:49
    word now at one point he's headed toward
  • 00:16:52
    Strasbourg and on the way to Strasbourg
  • 00:16:54
    John Calvin has to make a detour through
  • 00:16:56
    the city of Geneva he's headed to
  • 00:16:58
    Strasbourg because there's a lot of
  • 00:16:59
    French refugees there called hugino who
  • 00:17:01
    are French Protestants and he's wanting
  • 00:17:03
    to head there to be a part of that
  • 00:17:05
    community in Strasbourg but he has to
  • 00:17:08
    make a detour through Geneva and while
  • 00:17:09
    he's there he does so under an alias
  • 00:17:11
    Charles
  • 00:17:12
    and he's recognized by someone there as
  • 00:17:15
    being John Calvin and he says you need
  • 00:17:17
    to stay in Geneva and help us with the
  • 00:17:19
    Reformation in Geneva and Colin says I
  • 00:17:21
    need time for study I want to be I want
  • 00:17:23
    to study the scriptures I want to write
  • 00:17:25
    that's what I want and the man said may
  • 00:17:27
    God curse your study if you leave us in
  • 00:17:30
    such time of great need so John Calvin
  • 00:17:33
    ends up staying in Geneva for many years
  • 00:17:35
    now at one point he clashes with the
  • 00:17:37
    city council and in the midst of this
  • 00:17:39
    clash with the city council he has to
  • 00:17:41
    leave and he goes to Strasbourg and
  • 00:17:43
    enjoys his time there such that he had
  • 00:17:45
    intended to do in the beginning but
  • 00:17:47
    eventually in 1539 the city council in
  • 00:17:50
    Geneva needs somebody to debate a Roman
  • 00:17:52
    Catholic thinker and they bring Calvin
  • 00:17:54
    back and one of the interesting things
  • 00:17:55
    that happens in this is that everybody
  • 00:17:57
    probably expected when Calvin comes back
  • 00:17:59
    he is going to preach a fiery sermon
  • 00:18:01
    about the fact that we ended up booting
  • 00:18:04
    him out of our city but he doesn't he
  • 00:18:06
    simply picked up in the biblical text
  • 00:18:08
    precisely where he had left off when
  • 00:18:10
    they had sent him away so several years
  • 00:18:13
    before
  • 00:18:14
    so it wasn't overly Luther though and it
  • 00:18:16
    wasn't only Calvin there was also a man
  • 00:18:18
    named Ulrich zwingli ulrich's wingley in
  • 00:18:22
    Switzerland
  • 00:18:23
    in the city of Zurich and what happened
  • 00:18:25
    in the city of Zurich with ulrich's
  • 00:18:27
    wingley is there came a point at which
  • 00:18:29
    he began to tell people that you can eat
  • 00:18:32
    sausages during the season of Lent we
  • 00:18:34
    may not think a lot of that but this was
  • 00:18:35
    something that was almost Unthinkable
  • 00:18:37
    for them to eat sausage during the
  • 00:18:39
    season of Lent so whereas Luther had the
  • 00:18:41
    diet of worms zwingly had the diet of
  • 00:18:43
    sausages and so in the season of Lent he
  • 00:18:46
    said you can go ahead because scripture
  • 00:18:47
    does not forbid us to eat meat during
  • 00:18:50
    Lent so go ahead eat meat during Lent
  • 00:18:52
    because scripture does not forbid us to
  • 00:18:55
    do this
  • 00:18:55
    now there were some in Zurich who went
  • 00:18:58
    beyond just changing their diet
  • 00:19:00
    they in fact began to dig into the
  • 00:19:02
    scriptures and began to discover some
  • 00:19:04
    things that they probably didn't even
  • 00:19:06
    expect to discover
  • 00:19:08
    see there was a radical idea that gave
  • 00:19:09
    birth to a radical Reformation that they
  • 00:19:12
    discovered
  • 00:19:14
    see it had been rarely questioned since
  • 00:19:16
    the time of Constantine that the state
  • 00:19:18
    ought to enforce Christian beliefs the
  • 00:19:20
    state and the church somehow were
  • 00:19:21
    intertwined to the extent that the state
  • 00:19:24
    could enforce the beliefs of the church
  • 00:19:26
    but there was a man named Felix mons who
  • 00:19:29
    at first made what seemed like a rather
  • 00:19:30
    humble suggestion he said that we ought
  • 00:19:32
    to start doing Lord's Supper not in
  • 00:19:35
    Latin which the people don't understand
  • 00:19:36
    but in their native tongue let's let's
  • 00:19:38
    do this in their native tongue so people
  • 00:19:40
    understand what is going on in the
  • 00:19:43
    service of communion
  • 00:19:44
    but what happened was is that this issue
  • 00:19:46
    was referred to the city council
  • 00:19:49
    well Felix mons didn't think that this
  • 00:19:51
    ought to be referred to the city council
  • 00:19:52
    it was an issue of faithfulness to
  • 00:19:54
    scripture and people understanding the
  • 00:19:55
    scriptures not something to be referred
  • 00:19:58
    to the city council and so one of the
  • 00:20:00
    responses that Felix had is that he
  • 00:20:01
    started a Bible study in his own home
  • 00:20:03
    and he gathered people together and as
  • 00:20:05
    they studied the scriptures as they
  • 00:20:07
    looked at the New Testament they found
  • 00:20:08
    they couldn't really substantiate infant
  • 00:20:11
    baptism
  • 00:20:12
    and so in 1525 he said to the people
  • 00:20:16
    around him baptized me with true baptism
  • 00:20:19
    upon my faith and they poured water over
  • 00:20:23
    Felix mons and several of them
  • 00:20:25
    participated in this poured water over
  • 00:20:27
    him and they became known derisively as
  • 00:20:30
    Anna Baptists now Anna means in Greek
  • 00:20:34
    again and Baptist has to do with baptism
  • 00:20:36
    so in other words what they were said is
  • 00:20:38
    they were again baptizers they were
  • 00:20:40
    baptizing themselves a second time
  • 00:20:42
    because the city council and those in
  • 00:20:44
    Zurich saw their infant baptism as being
  • 00:20:46
    perfectly legitimate and so called them
  • 00:20:48
    anabaptists or again baptizers now with
  • 00:20:52
    that began this pattern that went for
  • 00:20:53
    several years of they would be
  • 00:20:55
    imprisoned for teaching and preaching
  • 00:20:57
    their beliefs and then they would be
  • 00:20:58
    released and they would start preaching
  • 00:21:00
    and teaching again and then they would
  • 00:21:01
    be imprisoned again now in March 1526
  • 00:21:04
    things kind of came to a head and
  • 00:21:06
    finally they were put in prison and it
  • 00:21:08
    was said give them bread and water and
  • 00:21:10
    leave them there until they rot
  • 00:21:13
    in 1526 at the end of that year in
  • 00:21:16
    December it was decided that this threat
  • 00:21:18
    of the anabaptists had to be ended and
  • 00:21:21
    so just a few weeks after that decision
  • 00:21:23
    was made in 1527 Felix mons was executed
  • 00:21:27
    became the first Protestant martyr to be
  • 00:21:29
    killed by Protestants they tied to his
  • 00:21:33
    arms and his elbows holding his arms
  • 00:21:35
    back a stick put a stick between his
  • 00:21:37
    legs so that he could not swim and they
  • 00:21:40
    took him out to Lake Zurich and they
  • 00:21:42
    pushed him into the water and here's the
  • 00:21:44
    description that is given of that event
  • 00:21:45
    as he stood there with the depths of
  • 00:21:48
    Lake Zurich below him the blue sky over
  • 00:21:50
    him and the mountains with their Snowy
  • 00:21:52
    Peaks and the Sunshine around him his
  • 00:21:55
    soul in the face of death looked out
  • 00:21:57
    above these and he sang with a loud
  • 00:21:59
    voice while he was being bound into your
  • 00:22:01
    hands I commend my spirit and then the
  • 00:22:04
    waves closed over his head
  • 00:22:08
    that the anabaptists become persecuted
  • 00:22:11
    not only by Protestants but also by
  • 00:22:13
    Catholics both groups and so their
  • 00:22:15
    leaders are pretty much decimated within
  • 00:22:17
    a few years and one of the things that
  • 00:22:19
    happens because of that is the people
  • 00:22:20
    who rise up to leadership in the
  • 00:22:22
    anabaptist movement are people who are
  • 00:22:24
    doing it almost an occultic way that
  • 00:22:26
    they are bringing people together in
  • 00:22:28
    fact at one point a group of anabaptists
  • 00:22:30
    take over the entire city of Munster
  • 00:22:33
    now in the midst of all of this finally
  • 00:22:36
    a man arises to lead the anabaptists who
  • 00:22:39
    leads them back to those original
  • 00:22:40
    beliefs of that the government should
  • 00:22:42
    not enforce religious beliefs and that
  • 00:22:45
    belief that baptism is for believers not
  • 00:22:48
    for people who have not yet believed and
  • 00:22:50
    that man's name was meno Simons and
  • 00:22:53
    because of his leadership among the
  • 00:22:55
    anabaptists many anabaptists eventually
  • 00:22:57
    became known as minnow Knights now one
  • 00:23:00
    of the emphases in the Renaissance Era
  • 00:23:02
    had been reading ancient texts in their
  • 00:23:05
    original languages so it was Martin
  • 00:23:07
    Luther reading in the Greek New
  • 00:23:09
    Testament that Erasmus had edited this
  • 00:23:12
    text in Romans that told about the
  • 00:23:14
    gospel and the righteousness of God that
  • 00:23:16
    opened his mind that God used to open
  • 00:23:18
    Martin Luther's mind to the gospel also
  • 00:23:20
    Felix mons he had studied the scriptures
  • 00:23:22
    and and determined that baptism was for
  • 00:23:25
    believers so there was an emphasis on
  • 00:23:27
    reading ancient texts but there was also
  • 00:23:29
    another emphasis too and that emphasis
  • 00:23:31
    was on practical knowledge that people
  • 00:23:33
    people could understand now one of the
  • 00:23:35
    results in this is that ancient texts
  • 00:23:37
    begin to be translated into things that
  • 00:23:40
    people can understand in their own
  • 00:23:42
    native tongues and so you have Luther
  • 00:23:44
    who translates the Bible into German you
  • 00:23:46
    have these Swiss Brothers they were
  • 00:23:48
    called this gathering before they became
  • 00:23:50
    known as anabaptists and the Swiss
  • 00:23:52
    Brothers they want the Lord's Supper to
  • 00:23:54
    be spoken in the language of the
  • 00:23:55
    ordinary people and you also have a man
  • 00:23:58
    whose name was William Tyndale who wants
  • 00:24:01
    to get the Bible into English that
  • 00:24:03
    everybody can understand now William
  • 00:24:05
    Tyndale was a professor and he was a
  • 00:24:08
    wealthy family's chaplain as well as
  • 00:24:10
    being a professor and he was very good
  • 00:24:12
    at languages and he once got at a dinner
  • 00:24:14
    table he got into an argument with
  • 00:24:16
    somebody over a particular text of
  • 00:24:19
    scripture
  • 00:24:20
    and as he argued with this priest over a
  • 00:24:22
    particular text of scripture finally the
  • 00:24:24
    priest said well it'd be better to have
  • 00:24:25
    the Pope's law than God's law
  • 00:24:28
    well this raised anger in William
  • 00:24:29
    Tyndale and he responded in this way he
  • 00:24:32
    said I defy the pope and all his laws
  • 00:24:34
    and if God spares my life before many
  • 00:24:36
    years I will cause the boy that driveeth
  • 00:24:39
    the plow to know more of the scriptures
  • 00:24:41
    than thou Dost
  • 00:24:43
    now he wanted to translate the
  • 00:24:44
    scriptures into ordinary English but the
  • 00:24:47
    bishop said no you can't do that so
  • 00:24:49
    William Tyndale fled to Germany and
  • 00:24:51
    there he translated the New Testament
  • 00:24:53
    into English he printed somewhere around
  • 00:24:55
    6 000 of them and had them shipped over
  • 00:24:57
    to England now when they got to England
  • 00:24:59
    many of them were bought by the
  • 00:25:01
    Archbishop and they were burned and
  • 00:25:03
    people who got that news back to William
  • 00:25:05
    Tyndale thinking he might be discouraged
  • 00:25:07
    when he heard the news that all these
  • 00:25:09
    New Testaments that had gone over the
  • 00:25:11
    bishop had paid a premium price for them
  • 00:25:13
    and not only paid a premium price but it
  • 00:25:15
    done so not so he could read them and
  • 00:25:17
    not so anybody else could read them but
  • 00:25:19
    to commit them to the flames well when
  • 00:25:21
    Tyndale heard the news he wasn't
  • 00:25:23
    discouraged he said this I am the
  • 00:25:25
    glatter for these two benefits shall
  • 00:25:27
    come thereby I shall get money out of
  • 00:25:29
    him for these books to bring myself out
  • 00:25:31
    of debt and the whole world shall cry
  • 00:25:33
    out upon the burning of God's word as
  • 00:25:36
    for the over plus that shall remain to
  • 00:25:37
    me after the settlement of my accounts
  • 00:25:39
    it shall make me the more studious to
  • 00:25:41
    correct the said New Testament and so
  • 00:25:43
    newly to imprint the same again
  • 00:25:47
    now William Tyndale would eventually be
  • 00:25:49
    betrayed and he would die but it
  • 00:25:51
    wouldn't be because of his New
  • 00:25:52
    Testaments
  • 00:25:58
    it was the many marriages of Henry VII
  • 00:26:00
    that cost William Tyndale his life
  • 00:26:02
    before becoming Henry's Queen Catherine
  • 00:26:04
    of Aragon had been Henry's sister-in-law
  • 00:26:06
    which was bound to have led to some
  • 00:26:08
    awkward family reunions in any case
  • 00:26:10
    Catherine had not provided Henry with a
  • 00:26:12
    son based on an obscure text in
  • 00:26:14
    Leviticus Henry became convinced that
  • 00:26:16
    God would never give him a son through
  • 00:26:17
    her and so Henry asked the pope to
  • 00:26:19
    revoke his vows to his wife whom he
  • 00:26:21
    referred to as that Spanish cow which is
  • 00:26:24
    not a highly recommended title for wives
  • 00:26:26
    now the pope refused but not because of
  • 00:26:28
    the sister-in-law issue or even because
  • 00:26:29
    of the Spanish cow issue it was because
  • 00:26:31
    Catherine was related to the Holy Roman
  • 00:26:33
    Emperor and the pope needed his support
  • 00:26:35
    still Henry VIII got what he wanted
  • 00:26:37
    which happens quite often when you're a
  • 00:26:38
    king King Henry VII declared himself to
  • 00:26:41
    be the head of the English church and
  • 00:26:42
    had his Archbishop Thomas cranmer repeal
  • 00:26:44
    his wedding vows then he married Anne
  • 00:26:46
    Boleyn Chancellor Thomas Moore rejected
  • 00:26:49
    this new Arrangement so Henry had him
  • 00:26:51
    beheaded the capacity to remove the
  • 00:26:53
    heads of people you disagree with is yet
  • 00:26:55
    another of the many perquisites of being
  • 00:26:57
    the king and so in the words of one of
  • 00:26:58
    Henry's Jesters Chancellor Moore became
  • 00:27:01
    Chancellor no more so how did all of
  • 00:27:03
    Henry's marriage problems affect William
  • 00:27:05
    Tyndale well one of tyndale's writings
  • 00:27:07
    had denounced Henry's disposal of
  • 00:27:09
    Catherine a friend betrayed Tyndale and
  • 00:27:11
    William Tyndale was captured strangled
  • 00:27:13
    to death and burned tyndale's last words
  • 00:27:15
    before being strangled were Lord opened
  • 00:27:18
    the king of England's eyes God answered
  • 00:27:20
    tyndale's prayer in 1538 Henry approved
  • 00:27:23
    the Matthews Bible a completed edition
  • 00:27:25
    of tyndale's work the next year the king
  • 00:27:28
    placed a great Bible a revised edition
  • 00:27:29
    of the Matthews Bible in every English
  • 00:27:31
    church but England's religious conflicts
  • 00:27:34
    were far from over when Mary Henry's
  • 00:27:36
    daughter by Catherine took the throne
  • 00:27:38
    she swung the English church back toward
  • 00:27:39
    Roman Catholicism and killed 300
  • 00:27:41
    Protestants in the process earning the
  • 00:27:43
    name Bloody Mary and the dubious
  • 00:27:45
    distinction of being the only British
  • 00:27:46
    monarch ever to have an alcohol
  • 00:27:47
    alcoholic beverage named after her it
  • 00:27:49
    was Queen Elizabeth Henry's daughter by
  • 00:27:51
    Anne Boleyn who placed England on the
  • 00:27:53
    middle route between Catholic and
  • 00:27:55
    Protestant she refused the title Supreme
  • 00:27:57
    head of the church and yet she also
  • 00:27:59
    rejected the Pope's power her revised
  • 00:28:01
    book of common prayer was neither
  • 00:28:03
    Protestant nor Catholic and the
  • 00:28:04
    doctrinal statement known as the 39
  • 00:28:06
    articles steered a clear path between
  • 00:28:08
    Roman Catholicism on the one hand and
  • 00:28:10
    any extreme forms of protestantism today
  • 00:28:13
    it is still Queen Elizabeth's middle way
  • 00:28:15
    that shapes the Church of England known
  • 00:28:17
    as the Anglican Church in the British
  • 00:28:19
    Commonwealth and as the Episcopal Church
  • 00:28:20
    in much of the rest of the world
  • 00:28:23
    now one of the things that we sometimes
  • 00:28:24
    forget is that these reformers for the
  • 00:28:27
    most part never set out to split the
  • 00:28:29
    church that wasn't what they wanted they
  • 00:28:31
    wanted to reform the Church not to split
  • 00:28:33
    it
  • 00:28:34
    so one of the things that happened that
  • 00:28:35
    we sometimes aren't aware of is what
  • 00:28:37
    became known as the kalakoi of
  • 00:28:39
    Regensburg or the kalikoi of ratus bond
  • 00:28:42
    and at that point both Roman Catholics
  • 00:28:44
    and Protestants got together to see if
  • 00:28:47
    we can rejoin our movements once again
  • 00:28:50
    and so they got together and one of the
  • 00:28:51
    fascinating things that came out of that
  • 00:28:53
    meeting was they actually came to an
  • 00:28:55
    agreement about justification by faith
  • 00:28:58
    in fact here's a statement that they
  • 00:29:00
    agreed on they said it is secure and
  • 00:29:02
    wholesome teaching that the sinner is
  • 00:29:04
    justified by a living and effectual
  • 00:29:06
    faith for through such faith we will be
  • 00:29:09
    acceptable to God and accepted for the
  • 00:29:12
    sake of Christ
  • 00:29:14
    now as a representative of Martin Luther
  • 00:29:16
    that was there his name was Philip
  • 00:29:17
    melanthon and so they came to this
  • 00:29:19
    agreement but they couldn't agree
  • 00:29:20
    between the Protestants and between the
  • 00:29:22
    Roman Catholics they couldn't find
  • 00:29:23
    agreement over the extent of the Pope's
  • 00:29:26
    power and the extent of the church's
  • 00:29:28
    power and then once they sent this
  • 00:29:30
    statement to their various authorities
  • 00:29:31
    they sent it to Martin Luther and then
  • 00:29:33
    they sent it to the Vatican both
  • 00:29:34
    rejected it and said that it gave up too
  • 00:29:36
    much and so from this point onward the
  • 00:29:39
    Roman Catholic Church would form its own
  • 00:29:42
    path to a different type of reform
  • 00:29:45
    now one of the people that was
  • 00:29:46
    influential in the Roman Catholic
  • 00:29:48
    Church's reform was a man named Ignatius
  • 00:29:51
    Loyola Ignatius Loyola he was a Spanish
  • 00:29:55
    Knight he was wounded in the year 1521
  • 00:29:57
    and well he was recovering from all of
  • 00:30:00
    his wounds from this battle he read a
  • 00:30:01
    book known as imitation of Christ by
  • 00:30:04
    Thomas a compass now this book had been
  • 00:30:06
    written in the early 1400s and it really
  • 00:30:09
    emphasized Solitude and entering into
  • 00:30:11
    biblical stories about Jesus to seek
  • 00:30:14
    personal transformation
  • 00:30:16
    an Ignatius Loyola did experience some
  • 00:30:18
    sort of transformation that increased
  • 00:30:20
    his loyalty to his church so Ignatius
  • 00:30:23
    Loyola joined with six friends and they
  • 00:30:25
    decided they were going to do one of two
  • 00:30:26
    things they were either going to go to
  • 00:30:29
    Jerusalem to try to bring Muslims into
  • 00:30:31
    the Roman Catholic Church have them
  • 00:30:33
    convert to Roman Catholicism or they
  • 00:30:35
    were going to become Servants of the
  • 00:30:37
    Pope well the trip to Jerusalem didn't
  • 00:30:39
    work out and so they became Servants of
  • 00:30:41
    the Pope and in 1540 they established
  • 00:30:43
    the Jesuit order or the order of Jesus
  • 00:30:46
    they declared that they were taking a
  • 00:30:48
    solemn vow of Perpetual Chastity poverty
  • 00:30:50
    and obedience and that they were the
  • 00:30:52
    Servants of the pontiff or the pope and
  • 00:30:54
    Rome
  • 00:30:57
    in many ways the Jesuit order becomes
  • 00:30:59
    the Roman Catholic Church's missionary
  • 00:31:01
    order for example Francis Xavier just to
  • 00:31:03
    give one example he went to Japan India
  • 00:31:06
    Malaysia Indonesia before any
  • 00:31:07
    Protestants had made it to nearly all of
  • 00:31:09
    these locations and a few years later
  • 00:31:12
    after the establishment of the Jesuit
  • 00:31:14
    order Pope Paul III called for a
  • 00:31:17
    reforming Council for the Roman Catholic
  • 00:31:20
    Church
  • 00:31:21
    and this became known as the Council of
  • 00:31:23
    Trent I think a lot of good things
  • 00:31:24
    happened at the Council of Trent for
  • 00:31:26
    example the many of the abuses that
  • 00:31:28
    Martin Luther and others had railed
  • 00:31:29
    against were curbed by certain decisions
  • 00:31:31
    at the Council of Trent but also the
  • 00:31:33
    Council of Trent really separated
  • 00:31:35
    Protestants from Catholics in a very
  • 00:31:37
    clear way and set the course of the
  • 00:31:40
    Roman Catholic church for a half
  • 00:31:41
    Millennium and mourn
  • 00:31:43
    three of the decisions of this Council
  • 00:31:46
    were that first off justification by
  • 00:31:48
    faith alone was clearly and explicitly
  • 00:31:50
    denied
  • 00:31:51
    it was declared that if anyone says that
  • 00:31:54
    justifying faith is nothing but
  • 00:31:55
    confidence in the Divine Mercy that
  • 00:31:57
    remits sin for Christ's sake or that
  • 00:31:59
    this confidence alone is that whereby we
  • 00:32:01
    are Justified let him be accursed
  • 00:32:05
    not only that another decision of this
  • 00:32:07
    Council was that it was a clear
  • 00:32:09
    declaration that the elements of
  • 00:32:12
    communion the elements of the Lord's
  • 00:32:13
    Supper that when the priest is speaking
  • 00:32:15
    the words over them they literally
  • 00:32:17
    become the body and blood of Jesus
  • 00:32:19
    Christ so that even as they outwardly
  • 00:32:22
    appear to be Bread and Wine they become
  • 00:32:25
    the body and the blood of Jesus Christ
  • 00:32:27
    now this wasn't a new idea in fact for
  • 00:32:29
    hundreds of years this had been
  • 00:32:31
    something that had been talked about in
  • 00:32:32
    the Roman Catholic church and even the
  • 00:32:34
    fourth lateran Council in the year 1215
  • 00:32:36
    had declared transubstantiation so it
  • 00:32:38
    wasn't something new but it made it very
  • 00:32:40
    clear that this is an essential part of
  • 00:32:42
    Roman Catholic theology
  • 00:32:44
    a third decision of the Council of Trent
  • 00:32:47
    was that the church was the one who
  • 00:32:49
    should rightly interpret scripture the
  • 00:32:51
    Declaration was that the holy mother
  • 00:32:53
    Church whose it is to judge the true
  • 00:32:55
    sense and interpretation of the Holy
  • 00:32:58
    scriptures in other words people can't
  • 00:32:59
    interpret the Bible for themselves but
  • 00:33:02
    it is to be interpreted according to and
  • 00:33:04
    with church Tradition now let's think
  • 00:33:07
    for just a moment about the degree of
  • 00:33:09
    the changes that occurred in the 1500s
  • 00:33:12
    before this time people in the in Europe
  • 00:33:14
    had viewed themselves as one church
  • 00:33:16
    under the leadership of one person the
  • 00:33:18
    bishop of Rome and suddenly now you have
  • 00:33:20
    zinglings and you have anabaptists you
  • 00:33:21
    have Roman Catholics and you have
  • 00:33:23
    lutherans all these different groups and
  • 00:33:25
    all of them claiming to represent the
  • 00:33:28
    Church of Jesus Christ
  • 00:33:30
    it's good for us to listen for a moment
  • 00:33:32
    to what happened right after Luther gave
  • 00:33:35
    his triumphant speech at the diet of
  • 00:33:37
    forms
  • 00:33:38
    an imperial secretary named Eck replied
  • 00:33:40
    with these words he said in this Martin
  • 00:33:43
    Luther you are completely mad if it were
  • 00:33:46
    granted that whoever contradicts the
  • 00:33:47
    councils and the common understanding of
  • 00:33:49
    the church must be overcome by scripture
  • 00:33:52
    we will have nothing in Christianity
  • 00:33:54
    that a certain or decided in other words
  • 00:33:57
    what he was saying is that if scripture
  • 00:33:59
    alone becomes our Authority and not the
  • 00:34:01
    traditions and the authority of the
  • 00:34:02
    church then how can anything be certain
  • 00:34:04
    and he had a point if our Unity rests in
  • 00:34:07
    that which is outwardly done if our
  • 00:34:10
    Unity rests in the externals but our
  • 00:34:13
    Unity is in Jesus Christ Jesus Christ as
  • 00:34:16
    he has testified to us in Holy Scripture
  • 00:34:18
    who lived and died and rose again and by
  • 00:34:22
    faith in him we are made right with God
  • 00:34:25
    and we are made one with one another
  • 00:34:28
    now how does that work out practically
  • 00:34:29
    well at the end of the 1500s they were
  • 00:34:32
    still trying to figure that out and in
  • 00:34:34
    the opening Decades of the 21st century
  • 00:34:36
    right now we're still trying to figure
  • 00:34:37
    that out and we will continue to try to
  • 00:34:40
    figure that out until that moment when
  • 00:34:42
    Jesus Christ returns for his own and
  • 00:34:45
    draws us together into a Oneness that we
  • 00:34:47
    could never achieve on our own in this
  • 00:34:49
    life
タグ
  • Martin Luther
  • Reformation
  • 95 Theses
  • Indulgences
  • Diet of Worms
  • Anabaptists
  • John Calvin
  • Ulrich Zwingli
  • Council of Trent
  • Christian Unity