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[Music]
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[Music]
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you don't know this young woman but
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whether you want to or not
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in this very moment you've already
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passed judgment on her in a split second
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you've already decided if you find a
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trustworthy competent likeable no doubt
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your brain is a state-of-the-art novel
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managing 90% of everything you do
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without letting me know regardless of
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whether you're awake or asleep when you
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think you have an idea your brains has
00:01:38
already had that idea for instance take
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a look at this sentence
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can you still understand this alphabet
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suit most people can your brain
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automatically puts the letters back in
00:01:55
the correct order something in your head
00:01:59
navigates you through the everyday
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adventures of modern life something that
00:02:05
decides things for you before you can
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think about it because your brain is
00:02:10
always on automatic
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we're driven by our unconscious mind
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isn't that the interesting thing so much
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of what we do is unconscious the
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decisions we make are almost dictated to
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us I often wonder who's in charge here
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you know who's running the show how much
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control do we really have unconscious
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influences are there everywhere and as
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research progresses it's never going the
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other way it's not saying oh we used to
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think these things are all unconscious
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now there we find out their conscience
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it's exactly the opposite all these
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things we thought because we thought
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everything this conscious smaller
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smaller smaller smaller smaller smaller
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it's become the Incredible Shrinking
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little man in the head there's all sorts
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of gaps in our perception and our right
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confabulations that our brains are
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making for us in order for us to exist
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because it's easier to do that and
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actually to try and make an accurate
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representation of the world it's faster
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and easier for us to estimate what the
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world's going to look like because it
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usually works just fine
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however some people are out to fool us
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on purpose
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people like upon robbing a magician and
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the gentleman theme for the desert town
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Las Vegas a poly not only deceives our
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eyes but more importantly our brain
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[Applause]
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[Music]
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on a good day a Polynesian steals the
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show from the city of illusions itself
00:03:52
is adopted home Las Vegas
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Apollo shot to fame in a Caesars Palace
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Casino once he even snatched wallets and
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watches from Secret Service agents
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guarding a former President Jimmy Carter
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ever since then Apollo also consults
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security experts
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[Music]
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you
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[Music]
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magicians like Apollo Robbins take
00:04:37
advantage of our automatic mode that
00:04:39
otherwise like an autopilot and
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navigates are smoothly through life
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[Music]
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magic about what happens at the head
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it's about how you manipulate the
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attention it's about how that can be
00:04:51
taken advantage of how you can take your
00:04:52
miss journey you watch my hand right now
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you see that my hand is very clearly
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empty I don't reach up with another hand
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yet now I have a corner instead of a
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hand that means you just make a false
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assumption about something about my hand
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what you are as a human is a bunch of
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electrochemical signals going around a
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bunch of circuits inside your brain
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there's no windows in your skull okay
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the only way you get information is
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through your sensory systems from your
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memory or from your cognition that is
00:05:18
you making it up okay
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so what these electrochemical signals
00:05:22
see about the world are other
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electrochemical signals coming in from
00:05:26
other systems that form this grand
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simulation of reality around us so you
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know it's not that the world around you
00:05:32
isn't there it's there but you've never
00:05:35
lived there okay you've never even been
00:05:37
there for a visit the only place you've
00:05:39
ever been inside your mind
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every morning when we open our eyes
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unconscious secretary condors a
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simulation we perceive as our world in
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this great illusion in our minds I the
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only part we appear to operate actively
00:06:03
is where we consciously place our
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attention if this young man happens to
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meet the love of his life today you will
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only realize it if his unconscious mind
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shares the same view
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[Music]
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you
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[Music]
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do you know for example how exactly you
00:06:38
brush your teeth no your brain attends
00:06:42
to such routine things without even
00:06:44
bothering your consciousness only
00:06:47
switches on for new or important things
00:06:50
that is because we can cope with no more
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than four or five units of information
00:06:55
at the same time
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[Music]
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for those who don't want to believe this
00:07:03
American cricket because I had invented
00:07:06
the perfect test pick one of the symbols
00:07:09
and count how many times it blinks now
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pick a card take a very close look at it
00:07:20
and repeat yourself this suit and the
00:07:22
value three times
00:07:25
then look back to one of the symbols
00:07:27
below and count how often it please
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[Music]
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and now have a look we removed your
00:07:40
guard right a miracle
00:07:43
no we just replaced all the dirt here in
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the original you simply didn't notice
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because your working memory was
00:07:50
overloaded suppressing those things in
00:07:56
front of us that we don't pay attention
00:07:58
to is something that we do all the time
00:08:00
and most of the times we do it
00:08:02
unconsciously we don't realize that
00:08:05
there are huge portions of the world
00:08:07
that we are turning invisible by the
00:08:10
very act of paying attention to a
00:08:13
particular object or a particular task
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[Music]
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deciding on the right clothes for the
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office lately trivial however hand
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conscious circuitry in our heads will
00:08:25
always have the last word scientists
00:08:28
estimate that these circuits can
00:08:30
seriously process 200 thousand times
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more data than the conscious mind
00:08:37
that's because our conscious mind is
00:08:39
limited to the cerebral cortex a
00:08:42
wrinkled layer just one millimeter thick
00:08:44
that wraps around your brain like the
00:08:46
fading gap about 15 billion nerve cells
00:08:49
can connect to activate new networks in
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fractions of a second
00:08:53
however the fireworks of conscious
00:08:56
thinking devours up more energy than the
00:08:58
muscles of a top athlete which is why
00:09:02
our brain normally try to do without our
00:09:04
conscious mind the brainstem regulates
00:09:07
vital bodily functions like breathing
00:09:09
and heart rate
00:09:11
the cerebellum coordinates Alma toric
00:09:14
routine like walking or grasping and the
00:09:17
limbic system knows us better than we
00:09:19
know ourselves because it regulates
00:09:21
everything that we feel and this
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unconscious guilt at the thalamus is in
00:09:26
charge of deciding what is new and
00:09:28
important enough to share with us that's
00:09:31
why our brain always seems to know more
00:09:33
than we know
00:09:38
perhaps that's the reason why we have so
00:09:41
little influence on that which we are
00:09:43
and what we do and even on what we wear
00:09:47
[Music]
00:10:13
Apollo Robbins and other magicians help
00:10:15
scientists understand how our brain
00:10:17
perceives the world at the Baron
00:10:20
Institute in Phoenix even the slightest
00:10:22
by movements are captured with these eye
00:10:24
trackers this helps researchers
00:10:26
understand why tricks with curved
00:10:29
movements works better than straight
00:10:31
movement with curves the eye
00:10:33
automatically follows the hand which
00:10:35
straight line movements it jumps to the
00:10:37
end which helps uncover the trick susana
00:10:41
Martinez Conde and Steven makkac have
00:10:44
studied dozens of magic tricks
00:10:46
the married research couple says
00:10:47
illusions are the rule in our heads not
00:10:50
the exception
00:10:54
[Music]
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magic Tony from Phoenix is a part-time
00:11:01
magician but also a postgraduate in
00:11:03
psychology that's why he sometimes
00:11:06
performs in the lab test persons follow
00:11:09
his tricks with up to 1,000 are
00:11:11
movements per second and if they still
00:11:14
don't notice how they're being treated
00:11:16
Tony purposely deserts their attention
00:11:19
[Applause]
00:11:21
we apparently can't help but follow
00:11:23
other people's gazes
00:11:25
[Music]
00:11:33
so magicians may use explosions or
00:11:36
things like that in order to cause
00:11:38
distractions at that time but for the
00:11:40
most part they used very specific tools
00:11:42
in order to control exactly where
00:11:44
someone will be paying attention so that
00:11:46
they can do something somewhere else
00:11:48
even if our eyes happen to graze the
00:11:51
hidden movement we look but we don't see
00:11:54
the trick because our brain suppresses
00:11:57
everything that's not in the spotlight
00:11:59
of our attention and in the shadows of
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the supposedly irrelevant
00:12:05
Tony moves the coin through the magnet
00:12:08
under the table
00:12:12
it's really most of our mental life and
00:12:14
behaviors a mixture is a combination of
00:12:16
processes that are conscious and
00:12:19
unconscious in a sort of symbiotic
00:12:20
dynamic way they're supporting each
00:12:22
other and this is this is how
00:12:25
consciousness evolved it it evolved late
00:12:27
but it evolved making use of the
00:12:29
pre-existing brain structures that were
00:12:31
unconscious and so many similarities
00:12:34
exist between conscious and unconscious
00:12:35
processes especially in motivation and
00:12:38
goal pursuit the big nursery school a
00:12:43
kind of research kindergarten for the
00:12:45
elite Stanford University near San
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Francisco the marshmallow test was
00:12:50
invented here in the early 70s and is
00:12:52
still one of the most important studies
00:12:54
about self-control and motivation we
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brought the test back to life with kids
00:12:59
of today putting these four-year-olds in
00:13:02
a sticky situation so in that part of
00:13:04
the game we're going to have two plates
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here look one two marshmallows there do
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you prefer two marshmallows or one
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marshmallow okay two marshmallows okay
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you don't want to okay two marshmallows
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okay what's going to happen is that I
00:13:30
need to go do some work outside but you
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can always bring me back by ringing the
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bell remember but if you do that you can
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only eat one marshmallow if you wait for
00:13:45
me to come back all by myself then you
00:13:47
can have two marshmallows okay now
00:13:52
there's no right or wrong way to do this
00:13:54
you just choose what you want to do okay
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see you later
00:14:01
[Music]
00:14:10
as with the original test something on
00:14:13
the children's head switches to
00:14:15
automatic each of the four year olds
00:14:17
develop their own unconscious strategy
00:14:19
in order to resist temptation
00:14:43
in the 70s
00:14:45
scientists had no idea what caused some
00:14:47
children to give up and others could
00:14:49
stick it out but it's a surprisingly
00:14:52
simple trick of our unconscious mind
00:14:58
[Music]
00:15:12
and
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[Music]
00:15:21
you
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[Music]
00:15:49
[Music]
00:16:01
[Music]
00:16:08
okay anyone spell so you can see this
00:16:12
one the conception of willpower as a
00:16:28
stoic thing where you essentially bite
00:16:30
your lip and you're just going to will
00:16:32
it and make it happen
00:16:34
is a terrific way to have resolutions
00:16:36
that don't work out it's just too hard
00:16:39
it's just too impossible you have to do
00:16:41
you have to in some way engage the
00:16:44
environment and change it and transform
00:16:47
it the only other thing you can do is
00:16:50
change your perception and change where
00:16:52
you put your attention
00:16:58
[Music]
00:17:16
today the preschoolers text to the
00:17:19
nearly 70s are over 40 years old from
00:17:23
ongoing interviews researchers found
00:17:24
those who at the age of four were able
00:17:27
to wait went on to have better results
00:17:29
on college entry exams and much more
00:17:31
money have happier marriages and are
00:17:34
healthier than those who immediately
00:17:36
devoured the marshmallow all right well
00:17:48
we're all done thanks for playing
00:17:51
[Music]
00:17:55
most of the time it works just perfect
00:17:57
for us with our automatic brain attends
00:17:59
to everyday routine that's why we can
00:18:02
eat the sinistairs and read the
00:18:04
newspaper for the one
00:18:06
[Music]
00:18:09
now unconscious tells us what we want
00:18:12
for breakfast and whether it would
00:18:13
rather have coffee or tea before we
00:18:16
wouldn't think about it it analyzes
00:18:18
spectacular amounts of data
00:18:20
in milliseconds it's far more complex
00:18:22
than any deliberate decision of the
00:18:24
conscious mind but we don't notice this
00:18:30
ocean of the unconscious because it is
00:18:32
only conscious thinking that acted on
00:18:34
and this makes us believe that our
00:18:36
intellect rules the world
00:18:39
[Music]
00:18:47
luring fruits and yogurt on the go is
00:18:50
not a problem for our unconscious
00:18:51
circuitry nor is the intricacies of
00:18:54
driving if we have to constantly think
00:18:57
about our hands and feet but without
00:18:59
first driving lesson most of us would
00:19:01
rather take the train
00:19:05
[Applause]
00:19:10
did you know that accidental cyclists
00:19:13
happen less frequently from cities with
00:19:15
lots of cyclists the more often we are
00:19:18
confronted with them the better half
00:19:20
autopilot can deal with them with me
00:19:22
dangers in contrast I'll have some
00:19:25
charge of reasoning that makes us much
00:19:27
more flexible but also much slower
00:19:33
Justin Posada is stuff interestingly we
00:19:35
always live in the past everything we
00:19:38
consciously perceive as already passed
00:19:39
by at least a third of a second this
00:19:42
delay of consciousness has huge
00:19:44
consequences especially regarding our
00:19:46
reaction time and road traffic
00:19:47
interestingly I do not consciously
00:19:49
perceive this delay we do not experience
00:19:51
the work of our unconscious come on we
00:19:54
believe we experience it immediately
00:19:55
given us a fall
00:19:59
[Music]
00:20:14
whenever we look at something a bun
00:20:17
these light rays passes through our
00:20:19
pupil and hits the retina of our eyes
00:20:21
the new data is encrypted into millions
00:20:24
of nerve impulses that race along the
00:20:26
optic nerve 15 milliseconds later they
00:20:30
hit the nerve cells in the thalamus the
00:20:32
gatekeeper of our consciousness in an
00:20:36
emergency the stillness transmits the
00:20:38
image not just to the visual cortex at
00:20:40
the back of our heads but feeling
00:20:42
clinically to the amygdala the panic
00:20:45
button in our heads
00:20:46
it immediately jolts off into action and
00:20:52
after just 115 milliseconds we get going
00:20:55
without knowing why next unconscious
00:20:59
module disassemble the image into
00:21:01
components special neuron analyze colors
00:21:04
outline controls and send the results
00:21:08
through the databases of our experiences
00:21:15
from the visual cortex at the back of
00:21:17
our head to the frontal lobe here in a
00:21:21
flash all bits and pieces are
00:21:23
reassembled to a meaningful image and
00:21:25
transmitted back to the visual cortex
00:21:27
now from this moment on we can
00:21:31
consciously see the image a child
00:21:33
running after a ball out onto the street
00:21:35
pre evaluated and projected 300 million
00:21:39
into the future which is the simple
00:21:44
reason why Martha is able to catch the
00:21:46
boy in the nick of time
00:21:49
[Music]
00:21:52
you pull your thumb out at arm's length
00:21:55
with your elbow straight and you look at
00:21:57
your thumbnail that size of your
00:21:59
thumbnail is about one degree of visual
00:22:01
angle okay that means if you has 360
00:22:04
thumbs it would make a circle around
00:22:05
your head now that one degree of visual
00:22:08
angle is the size of your phobia that's
00:22:10
the part of your retina where you can
00:22:12
see everywhere else you're essentially
00:22:15
legally blind but if on the moon kid
00:22:18
cannot in general the most important
00:22:21
means of our presumption is our memory
00:22:23
if it is yeah 99% of what we see is not
00:22:28
ejected from our memory does whether it
00:22:30
is only 1% is added by our sensory organ
00:22:33
compact where your buddies in the folk
00:22:36
are going to our brain can falsify
00:22:40
information that comes onto the retina
00:22:43
it can falsify it in other words if we
00:22:46
can override what is really out there
00:22:48
and impress what we think should be out
00:22:51
there that's the way it works it is very
00:22:54
powerful let's take a look at Linda and
00:22:57
Raphael the three students are wearing
00:23:00
similar clothing at the similar stature
00:23:02
but are different enough to tell apart
00:23:05
do you think you would notice if Raphael
00:23:07
started a conversation with you and in
00:23:09
the middle of it was replaced by Liana
00:23:11
yes then take a look at the test device
00:23:14
by American psychologist Daniel Simon's
00:23:18
excuse me how many can sort of folks
00:23:21
bunk
00:23:21
sorry folks right I'm looking for frogs
00:23:24
bye folks
00:23:25
but yep yeah let me think
00:23:28
where is it it's almost slapstick here
00:23:33
yeah there is one round the corner about
00:23:36
markets where I am looking fulfil the
00:23:39
street I don't have a clue where I am
00:23:47
how could you show through you once
00:23:49
again you get a walk uphill vague down
00:23:52
there and there to the lap now I'm there
00:23:53
and then left all the way up healthy I'm
00:23:56
looking I'm looking for silver Street
00:23:58
you know 80 silver street silver Street
00:24:04
yeah so do you know you're gonna see
00:24:06
we're here that's where you want to go
00:24:08
in did that folks link somewhere here
00:24:11
yeah we met here I'm looking for a
00:24:21
silver Street the real keeper silver
00:24:24
Street
00:24:25
I have to admit I'm not from here either
00:24:28
ah okay so silver Street in case you
00:24:37
think we faked this experiment it first
00:24:40
took place on an American University
00:24:41
campus in 1998 it is since then
00:24:45
conducted countless times and in all the
00:24:47
tests more than half of the people
00:24:49
approached didn't notice anything at all
00:24:54
[Music]
00:25:03
you go to a doctor's office and you say
00:25:06
I have pain in my stomach and you don't
00:25:08
want them to say well it could be aliens
00:25:11
running around because it could be right
00:25:13
well I couldn't deceive you want them to
00:25:15
go through what's most likely down the
00:25:17
list right that's what I've learned of
00:25:19
the whole cognitive structure is we look
00:25:22
at the world we make mindsets of what's
00:25:25
familiar and we look out over the world
00:25:27
in the Montes
00:25:37
our world is getting more and more
00:25:39
complex an American psychologist
00:25:42
calculated that today the human brain
00:25:44
can contain easily absorb 11 million
00:25:46
units of information however we're only
00:25:50
consciously aware of a maximum of 14
00:25:53
that's why New York is exhausting when
00:25:56
we first visited but the more often we
00:25:58
ventured places like x squared the more
00:26:01
ease we feel with it that's because we
00:26:04
shift to already island and our brain
00:26:07
fade out what is considered irrelevant
00:26:08
or familiar
00:26:10
[Music]
00:26:23
half of your brain is dedicated to
00:26:26
processing visual information so that
00:26:28
means that a quarter of your brain at
00:26:32
least is just for that 0.1% if you
00:26:34
amplify that up and we saw everything in
00:26:37
the world but we didn't have a phobia
00:26:38
adjust our entire visual fields is one
00:26:39
big high-resolution phobia our brain
00:26:41
would have to be at least 500 times
00:26:43
bigger in order to process all that
00:26:45
information and still we'd have an
00:26:48
attention picking out pieces of it for
00:26:50
us to prove this so I call just Daniels
00:26:54
farm and thought up this test count how
00:26:57
many times the white team passes the
00:26:59
bull and go
00:27:02
[Music]
00:27:22
even if you did happen to notice
00:27:24
something top of old test persons are
00:27:27
the Wooster gorillas they were blind to
00:27:30
the black gorilla because I would he'd
00:27:31
be the accounting the what change pasa
00:27:33
[Music]
00:27:43
our brain decides which information is
00:27:46
new and important enough without us even
00:27:49
knowing
00:27:51
so when on the escalator of life we're
00:27:54
lucky if our unconscious mind lets us
00:27:56
know we're passing the love of our life
00:28:24
you
00:28:31
[Music]
00:28:39
[Music]
00:28:55
what the unconscious specializes in is
00:28:58
the present consciousness can time
00:29:00
travel we can remember the task we can
00:29:03
get lost in the past we can we can plan
00:29:05
for the future but what's minding what
00:29:08
system is minding the store while we're
00:29:10
often the future and thinking about the
00:29:12
past but walking down the street we have
00:29:14
to be aware of what's going on in our
00:29:16
environment we have to be adapting to it
00:29:18
so what the unconscious is is a present
00:29:21
basis as because it's operating at the
00:29:24
same time the conscious thought is it
00:29:27
frees the conscious mind to time travel
00:29:29
if the conscious mind was the only one
00:29:31
that existed as soon as we time-travel
00:29:32
we're going to block off a clip we're
00:29:34
going to get hit by a car we're going to
00:29:36
have all these other things happen to us
00:29:37
because we're not minding the present
00:29:38
and the present is a dangerous thing
00:29:42
[Music]
00:29:45
yeah
00:29:49
[Music]
00:29:57
it is our Auto Club that decides what is
00:30:00
important and what gets ignored that's
00:30:03
why we don't notice that our brain
00:30:05
blanks out the grip about sunglasses as
00:30:07
long as they don't move on our heads we
00:30:10
get so used to them we even have to
00:30:12
check to make sure they're still there
00:30:26
[Music]
00:30:32
I like to think of mine kind of working
00:30:36
like a watchtower if you want to get by
00:30:39
the tower you have to get by the guard
00:30:42
but the guard if he's not paying
00:30:43
attention to the surveillance systems
00:30:45
and the inputs that he has then he can
00:30:48
be suppressed I think that's what
00:30:50
happened when I'm working I'm trying to
00:30:52
get people not to pay attention to what
00:30:53
their eyes are telling them or what
00:30:55
their ears are telling it now you have
00:30:57
nothing in your hand because just the
00:30:58
watcher one now do you think it's
00:31:00
possible for me to steal that watch
00:31:01
without you knowing that's good because
00:31:04
if I told you that be rather foolish for
00:31:05
me to do before I tried to do my job a
00:31:07
lot harder now what time do you have
00:31:08
right now and I'll 1103 okay so instead
00:31:11
of taking your watch I want to give you
00:31:13
something of mine I'm going to try to
00:31:14
steal it away from you this is mine it's
00:31:16
worth about $50 the silver coin squeeze
00:31:19
it in your hand does it feel like it's
00:31:21
in your hand will you be surprised if I
00:31:23
could take it out good open your hand
00:31:26
that's the easy way don't make it easy
00:31:27
for me Vegard for me hold your hand up a
00:31:29
little bit higher just a little bit flat
00:31:31
like that watch a kind of clothes do you
00:31:33
see it goes straight away it's back on
00:31:35
your shoulder again you're doing
00:31:37
I will keep on doing the city catches
00:31:39
you're almost there try it again one
00:31:41
last time squeeze a very tight inside
00:31:42
your hand squeeze firm don't pull my
00:31:44
finger that's a different trick I've
00:31:45
seen that one before press back on your
00:31:47
shoulder broke the other shoulder not
00:31:49
there as a man since Rome it's not here
00:31:51
open your hand all the way step back a
00:31:52
little bit so he can see you have to
00:31:54
watch those put your other hand on top
00:31:55
for me would you put it flat on top you
00:31:57
see the coin right there I'm gonna put a
00:31:59
shame between you have to watch close
00:32:00
it's not there yet it's more about the
00:32:02
timing it's going to happen in less than
00:32:04
three minutes it's going to go in
00:32:05
between your hands do you feel it now
00:32:06
watch it close here it goes one two did
00:32:09
you feel it
00:32:10
open your hand I'll guess we end up with
00:32:12
a watch instead didn't we that was less
00:32:16
than three minutes I think I told you
00:32:17
about this
00:32:19
you can take the watch along with a big
00:32:20
round of applause from all your new fans
00:32:21
you're off thank you very much
00:32:25
[Music]
00:32:57
[Music]
00:33:00
get back on your filter bread I checked
00:33:04
the other filter that's why I do what I
00:33:08
do now it's definitely not there we have
00:33:10
to watch close to cook more about the
00:33:12
timing
00:33:14
[Music]
00:33:24
but II can see pretty well now I'm just
00:33:27
gonna loosen you up a little bit you're
00:33:28
okay there right good does that feel
00:33:30
about right all right so now put this in
00:33:32
between your hands
00:33:33
we're kind of tight a little bit like
00:33:35
this is the top button gun on your shirt
00:33:36
servo and this is your watch is it a man
00:33:38
you're watching oh I like your watch it
00:33:45
is so straight if your watch yeah what's
00:33:47
your name then then I appreciate the
00:33:49
donation you've been a wonderful man in
00:33:51
fact we had picked up something special
00:33:53
we got your tie
00:33:54
simply that's your tire than an end
00:33:55
right sorry about that letter in there
00:33:59
and in fact we all got together to pay
00:34:00
you for your time I believe this is your
00:34:08
[Music]
00:34:14
the best Walker you find a short notice
00:34:16
that was the heavy anaconda when we
00:34:22
stare at a bright light and then we turn
00:34:26
our gaze away and we can still see these
00:34:28
very powerful
00:34:30
afterimage wherever we move our eyes in
00:34:33
the sense of touch it's something
00:34:34
similar after Apollo actually removes
00:34:37
the watch because he has pressed the
00:34:39
words into that person's skin previously
00:34:42
they can feel that they're still wearing
00:34:45
the watch even though the word is long
00:34:48
gone
00:34:55
we can dream walk effortlessly through
00:34:58
our world only because every experience
00:35:00
leaves an imprint in our unconscious
00:35:03
memory this vast archive also guides us
00:35:13
when we meet somebody for the first time
00:35:15
because we have unconsciously
00:35:17
generalized our earlier experiences with
00:35:19
people
00:35:21
[Music]
00:35:32
less than 100 milliseconds exposure to a
00:35:35
face novel face you've never seen before
00:35:37
is sufficient for people to make all
00:35:40
kinds of decisions like whether the
00:35:42
person is trustworthy whether the person
00:35:44
is competent it's not the case that
00:35:46
these inferences are necessarily
00:35:48
accurate but we nevertheless to them
00:35:51
very rapidly Alex Todorov has shown
00:35:55
campus photos of faces detect object in
00:35:58
studies prove we pass judgment on places
00:36:01
so rapidly how conscious mind doesn't
00:36:03
even have time to get involved we
00:36:06
underwrite baby faces as incompetence
00:36:08
for trustworthy and we classify closely
00:36:12
set eyes and a square chin as aggressive
00:36:15
when our reasoning eventually kicks in
00:36:17
we only get more confident in our
00:36:19
assumptions even if we are apparently
00:36:22
wrong
00:36:25
[Music]
00:36:26
[Applause]
00:36:32
even if you don't intend to make
00:36:35
judgments even if you don't have the
00:36:37
intention to evaluate the faces
00:36:38
nevertheless your brain is categorizing
00:36:41
the face is putting the face into
00:36:43
specific categories so in that sense a
00:36:45
lot of the processing case one could
00:36:47
describe the suta logic I'm behind
00:36:49
looking out and not being my face so I'm
00:36:52
not is able to manage it and to present
00:36:54
it to make it so that you you have what
00:36:56
I want you to believe about me and this
00:36:59
is the the classic domain of nonverbal
00:37:02
communication and the face is usually
00:37:04
important it's so powerful but we're
00:37:06
just starting
00:37:07
Todorov working and some other people
00:37:09
were just starting to realize how
00:37:10
powerful it is and it's very hard to
00:37:13
change the decades scientists have tried
00:37:18
to develop a software capable of what we
00:37:20
do without ethic recognizing and
00:37:23
interpreting faces
00:37:25
[Music]
00:37:30
this specific module in a right temporal
00:37:32
lobe is in charge of scanning faces it
00:37:35
takes only fractions of a second too
00:37:37
much a face in front of you with your
00:37:39
internal database of places provided
00:37:43
that the emotional records department in
00:37:45
our insular cortex has marker face weeds
00:37:47
and emotion sometimes we even recognize
00:37:51
the face who seemed only worse
00:37:53
[Music]
00:38:18
our facial expressions are composed of
00:38:21
43 active muscle units the fields with
00:38:24
all the possible combination it adds up
00:38:26
to 3,000 meaningful facial expression
00:38:31
[Music]
00:38:38
next to the facial-recognition service
00:38:40
is a facial expression Department
00:38:42
capturing our counterparts facial micro
00:38:45
movements and interpreting them the
00:38:48
reports again ascend to the evaluation
00:38:50
unit when insular cortex the empathy
00:38:53
center of our bracket senior face we
00:38:56
think we can feel what our counterpart
00:38:58
fields because unconscious circuitry is
00:39:00
forcing us to do so
00:39:03
[Music]
00:39:05
but we can neither put it in words nor
00:39:08
controller
00:39:10
[Music]
00:39:16
[Music]
00:39:24
anything that doesn't have a science is
00:39:26
purchased by the object recognition unit
00:39:28
colored through here autistic people
00:39:31
also use the object minutes when looking
00:39:33
at human sites for them
00:39:35
the price is just like a chair that's
00:39:38
why they seem to be blind to other
00:39:40
people's emotions we paint or drunk
00:39:42
sometimes read too much into effect we
00:39:49
have done some studies trying to predict
00:39:52
political elections from facial
00:39:54
appearance and generally can predict
00:39:56
about 70% of the elections based on a
00:39:58
single glance at the face and this is
00:40:01
judgements of people who don't know that
00:40:03
they are looking at politicians at all
00:40:05
so they are not familiar with the
00:40:06
patient how senses beside how others
00:40:13
perceive us whether we win or lose
00:40:15
elections get hyper job goal net
00:40:18
birthday and our friends decide how we
00:40:20
move
00:40:21
studies of American college students
00:40:24
revealed that female friends needed just
00:40:26
a merely second student unconsciously
00:40:28
align their movements and gestures with
00:40:30
one another when a person sees without
00:40:39
maybe even realizing it you're doing the
00:40:41
same thing they're doing or having the
00:40:42
same body posture or same emotional
00:40:44
reaction on your face to the same news I
00:40:46
think you're like them they see
00:40:47
similarity they see you're reacting the
00:40:49
same way they do it actually increases
00:40:51
empathy and bonding between people
00:40:53
[Music]
00:41:03
unconscious circuitry is also guiding us
00:41:06
when we're out shopping it tells us what
00:41:08
we should buy and what we're willing to
00:41:10
pay for it
00:41:12
researchers discovered that credit cards
00:41:15
sidestepped the alarm system inside our
00:41:17
head it gets alerted when we actually
00:41:20
give away something but the plastic card
00:41:22
is passed back to us by the cashier and
00:41:26
we only notice we're in the red at the
00:41:27
end of the month until then we're safe
00:41:31
in the illusion of having saved money by
00:41:33
spending it on a sale
00:41:34
[Music]
00:41:41
and experience solutions all the time we
00:41:46
never have or almost never have a
00:41:49
perfect match between perception and
00:41:51
reality so in a way everything or most
00:41:55
of everything that we perceive is
00:41:57
illusory
00:42:01
enric sm from the karolinska institute
00:42:04
in stockholm the Swedish neurologist has
00:42:08
proved that even our brilliant automatic
00:42:10
brain can be fooled his text setup is as
00:42:13
simple as it is disturbing the test
00:42:16
person sees 3d images taken by a camera
00:42:19
behind Elson touches his subject and in
00:42:22
synchronous he makes the same movement
00:42:24
into the camera
00:42:28
[Music]
00:42:33
it may sound incredible but the touch
00:42:35
and the 3d image are apparently merged
00:42:37
by our unconscious into one
00:42:44
and even if the test subjects conscious
00:42:46
mind clearly recognizes the illusion the
00:42:49
sensation still cannot be denied only an
00:42:58
illusion or they should be special it
00:43:04
should be something and trust and roll
00:43:06
feeling when you can't trust the feeling
00:43:08
on your body that is also a construction
00:43:09
by the brain just like the brain
00:43:11
construct and what we see the slightly
00:43:17
modified set up the test is even taken
00:43:20
to the next level this time as some
00:43:22
colleagues valaria Peck over attaches
00:43:24
the camera to a mannequin the test setup
00:43:27
seduces the female test person to look
00:43:29
down at the male mannequin body as if it
00:43:32
were her own though she's only looking
00:43:34
at a camera image
00:43:48
the stronger of subject reacts to touch
00:43:51
the more prolific the body swap works no
00:43:54
matter how absurd was it so deserving
00:44:14
yeah because it's really completely
00:44:16
filled it's my buddy you wanted to cut
00:44:19
me we can think of right now the
00:44:26
solutions you can't sink them away you
00:44:28
see a manatee and it doesn't look like a
00:44:30
real human body and still when you touch
00:44:33
it and you see that touch at the same
00:44:36
time with the touch you feel the
00:44:38
brainiest fuses the two signals and
00:44:41
decides but yes this must be my body you
00:44:44
know the body's roughly looks like my
00:44:47
body it's roughly in the right place and
00:44:49
the touch of a feeling see happens at
00:44:51
the same time so the brain just makes up
00:44:53
this interpretation yes this is my body
00:44:55
it's Qatar that I Fargo does in a
00:44:58
slightly more there's a hierarchy of
00:44:59
sensor that most powerful senses are the
00:45:02
sense of touch in the sense of balance
00:45:03
in all of our other senses are
00:45:05
subordinate to these we wear glasses
00:45:08
that turn everything upside down and the
00:45:10
world is reversed in first law but the
00:45:12
sensory motor systems ensure that it all
00:45:14
turns back around our sensory matauri
00:45:17
dominates the visual and the visual
00:45:19
dominate hearing don't mean Yetta
00:45:21
through
00:45:26
don't believe it and take a moment to
00:45:29
test the McGurk effect in a second
00:45:32
you'll hear two different syllables bar
00:45:34
and far you can clearly differentiate
00:45:38
between T because you combine looking
00:45:40
here with the root movement you see ah
00:45:43
ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ah
00:45:59
NIC's you see a split screen if you look
00:46:02
back and forth here paths when you look
00:46:05
on the left and something else when you
00:46:07
look on the right yet the sound remains
00:46:09
the same
00:46:10
ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba
00:46:24
ba ba brain doesn't even bother to let
00:46:28
me know about the conflict it
00:46:30
automatically solve it that's what
00:46:32
conditions like Apollo Robbins takes
00:46:34
advantage on
00:46:35
[Music]
00:46:59
you will need an uncover apology trick
00:47:01
if you rewound the field and the more
00:47:04
you try the less you notice the show
00:47:07
game doesn't work unless you have an
00:47:09
emotional investment so when you're just
00:47:11
watching it and you take a shot and
00:47:12
guess I think it's a number two yes you
00:47:15
may be right but if you have a vested
00:47:17
interest where there's money on the
00:47:18
table you're going to prioritize where
00:47:20
we choose and that's where you can be
00:47:22
taken advantage of
00:47:25
it's no wonder our first one over give
00:47:28
those butterflies and makes us anxious
00:47:31
in milliseconds our brain scans things
00:47:34
like ratio of hips to waste the color
00:47:36
from eyes facial symmetry and fragrance
00:47:39
of the body which in turn tells our
00:47:42
subconscious whether our immune systems
00:47:44
are a match researchers today know we're
00:47:55
more likely to fall in love with people
00:47:57
who will like us we even tend to fall
00:47:59
for partners with the same width of the
00:48:01
nose and for those who are roughly as
00:48:03
smart as we are 90% of our emotional
00:48:07
communication is nonverbal and the more
00:48:10
persons imitate subconsciously our
00:48:12
gestures and facial expressions the more
00:48:15
we like that person it goes so far that
00:48:20
we even tune into the same rhythm for
00:48:22
breeding when it's given to a person to
00:48:24
be life
00:48:28
[Music]
00:48:33
it refers to fall in love how bring
00:48:36
eagerly pulled out hormones cloudy and
00:48:39
judgment and making us downright the
00:48:41
ticket then we only have one goal being
00:48:45
close to that person
00:48:48
[Music]
00:48:55
contrary to popular opinion men fall in
00:48:58
love more quickly and more definitively
00:49:00
than women bring each of us our brains
00:49:03
decide for us one before we do that's
00:49:15
why there's an automatic error
00:49:17
monitoring system in our heads that
00:49:19
registers every mess-up before it occurs
00:49:22
[Music]
00:49:28
because our brains constantly calculate
00:49:31
what will be happening next if the
00:49:33
motion detectors about cerebral cortex
00:49:35
register minor deviations from the plan
00:49:38
unconscious alarm systems start up the
00:49:41
motivation department Church the release
00:49:43
of dopamine the messenger substance
00:49:46
anticipating all the things in our lives
00:49:48
the drop of domain is registered by the
00:49:51
nucleus accumbens a tiny interface
00:49:53
constantly calculating all make us happy
00:49:56
or not so before any mishap occurs it
00:50:00
alarms the 8cc a sort of fire alarm for
00:50:03
our cerebral cortex
00:50:05
this in turn triggers a voltage drop
00:50:07
between the conscious brain that jolts
00:50:09
us awake three tenths of a second after
00:50:12
the first alarm errors feel bad for our
00:50:15
brain that's why we learn from
00:50:22
[Music]
00:50:26
the next episode you'll find out if
00:50:29
things get really serious with a new
00:50:31
lovestruck couple work Martha rejects
00:50:33
happiness is fragile
00:50:37
[Music]
00:50:45
firstly you know you look at someone a
00:50:49
potential partner and you're integrating
00:50:52
all kinds of things the way she speaks
00:50:55
the way she look the way she could sense
00:50:58
the way every little motion is
00:51:00
immediately integrated in some giant
00:51:02
calculation saying you know acceptable
00:51:06
like her and you know I find that
00:51:09
interesting you meet someone on the
00:51:10
train and they're your partner and one
00:51:13
week later
00:51:15
[Applause]
00:51:15
[Music]
00:51:39
[Music]
00:51:48
you
00:51:50
[Music]
00:52:01
and
00:52:08
[Applause]
00:52:10
[Music]
00:52:12
you
00:52:12
[Music]
