Modification of root, stem and leaf | Macmillan Education India

00:07:04
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1K_G4UXc3s0

概要

TLDRThe video module discusses plant modifications, specifically how roots, stems, and leaves alter to perform functions beyond their primary purposes. Roots are modified for storage, support, respiration, and additional absorption. Examples include tuberous roots like carrots, prop roots in banyan trees, and breathing roots in mangrove trees. Stems serve to transport nutrients and water, but they can also be modified, such as underground stems like tubers, bulbs, and rhizomes storing nutrients. Leaf modifications aid in photosynthesis but also in survival; examples include tendrils for support in peas, water storage in aloe, spines for protection in cacti, and traps in carnivorous plants like the Venus flytrap. Each of these modifications allows the plant to better adapt to its environment.

収穫

  • 🌱 Roots are primarily for fixation and absorption.
  • 📦 Roots store excess food and are modified for support or respiration.
  • 🔄 Aerial roots like in banyan trees offer structural support.
  • 💧 Stems primarily transport fluids but can be modified for storage.
  • 🌵 Cacti stems store water and are adapted for arid conditions.
  • 🎋 Tendrils support plants by coiling around objects.
  • 🌿 Leaves' main function is photosynthesis but can be modified for storage or defense.
  • 🪴 Pea plants have tendril modifications for support.
  • 🛡️ Cacti have spiny leaves to reduce water loss and deter herbivores.
  • 🪱 Carnivorous plants like the Venus flytrap have modified leaves to trap insects.

タイムライン

  • 00:00:00 - 00:07:04

    Plant structures, specifically roots, shoots, and leaves, have various modifications for storage, support, and respiration. Roots fix plants to the ground and absorb nutrients and may be modified for storage (like in tuberous roots), support (prop roots like in Banyan trees), or respiration (pneumatophores or breathing roots). Shoots include stems modified to grow underground as tubers, bulbs, and rhizomes for food storage, or above ground for support (tendrils in plants like passionflowers). Leaves, primarily for photosynthesis, may also be modified for food storage, support, and protection as seen in plants like peas and cacti.

マインドマップ

Mind Map

よくある質問

  • What are the primary functions of roots?

    Roots primarily fix plants to the ground and absorb nutrients and water from the soil.

  • How are roots modified?

    Roots are modified for storage of food, additional support, respiration, and additional absorption.

  • What examples of modified roots are given?

    Modified roots include tuberous roots for storage, prop and stilt roots for support, and pneumatophores for respiration.

  • What are the primary functions of stems?

    Stems primarily transport fluids and nutrients throughout the plant and provide structural support.

  • How do stems get modified?

    Stems can be modified for additional functions like food storage and structural support.

  • What are some types of modified underground stems?

    Types include tubers, bulbs, and rhizomes, which store food and nutrients underground.

  • What are examples of leaf modifications?

    Examples include tendrils in pea plants for support, spines in cacti for defense, and traps in carnivorous plants.

  • Why do some plants have tendrils?

    Tendrils are modified stems or leaves that provide support by coiling around objects.

  • How do plants like cacti adapt to desert conditions?

    Cacti adapt by having thick green stems to store water and reducing their leaves to spines to minimize water loss.

  • What unique feature do carnivorous plants have?

    Carnivorous plants have leaves modified to trap and digest small animals for nutrients.

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  • 00:00:00
    [Music]
  • 00:00:04
    do you remember what happens to seeds
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    after germination the part that grows
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    above the soil is called the chute
  • 00:00:12
    system and the part that grows
  • 00:00:15
    underground is the root system
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    the chute system consists of branches
  • 00:00:21
    leaves flowers and fruits
  • 00:00:27
    at the end of this module you will be
  • 00:00:30
    able to explain how roots are modified
  • 00:00:34
    for storage of food support and
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    respiration explain how stems are
  • 00:00:41
    modified for storage of food and
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    additional support explain how Leafs are
  • 00:00:48
    modified for storage of food support and
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    protection
  • 00:00:54
    Roots have two primary functions
  • 00:00:57
    fixation and absorption routes fix the
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    plant to the ground and act as an anchor
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    roots absorb nutrients and water
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    necessary for plant growth from the soil
  • 00:01:12
    sometimes to adapt to their surroundings
  • 00:01:16
    roots are modified to perform additional
  • 00:01:19
    functions
  • 00:01:21
    roots may be modified to perform four
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    main additional functions they are
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    storage additional support
  • 00:01:33
    respiration additional absorption
  • 00:01:38
    these familiar vegetables grow under
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    soil but did you know that they are
  • 00:01:44
    modified duck fruits the tap roots here
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    are swollen due to accumulation of food
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    plants store the excess food and utilize
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    it when there is a shortage the swollen
  • 00:01:59
    roots are called tuberous roots banyan
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    tree has aerial roots hanging vertically
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    from its branches and when they reach
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    the ground they act like pillars giving
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    that additional support the hugely
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    branch tree needs these aerial roots are
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    called prop roots Indians crew pine or
  • 00:02:21
    pandanus plant has stilt roots the plant
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    develops roots that crew obliquely
  • 00:02:28
    downwards these roots act like stilts
  • 00:02:32
    providing mechanical support to the
  • 00:02:35
    plant roots of orchids have amazing
  • 00:02:39
    function their clinging roots provide
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    additional support some orchids have
  • 00:02:45
    aerial roots but a photosynthetic to the
  • 00:02:50
    conical spikes that you see protruding
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    out around these trees are the modified
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    roots these roots are found in marshy
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    places where they cannot get enough
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    oxygen from the soil so these roots grow
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    upward and help the tree to respire
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    these roots are called pneumatophores or
  • 00:03:13
    breathing roots money plant has long
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    slender feeder roots that help in
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    absorbing additional nutrients and water
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    from the soil observe the feeder roots
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    of money plant on a tree bark
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    feeder routes make money plant a
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    monstrously growing plant in tropical
  • 00:03:34
    countries
  • 00:03:36
    we now move on to the shoot system let's
  • 00:03:40
    begin with the stem
  • 00:03:42
    the primary functions of a stem are
  • 00:03:45
    transportation of fluid and nutrients to
  • 00:03:49
    different parts of the plant and
  • 00:03:51
    providing support sometimes the stems
  • 00:03:54
    are modified for performing additional
  • 00:03:57
    functions stems of some plants grow
  • 00:04:01
    underground and store food underground
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    stems can be classified into tubers
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    bulbs and rhizomes tubers are stems that
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    are roughly spherical in shape and may
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    have buds or eyes on them that can
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    develop into new plants bulbs are
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    conical stems that are fleshy and
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    consist of fibrous roots rhizomes grow
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    horizontally under the soil and have
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    scaly leaves which are often brown in
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    color can you guess where the stem of
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    this cactus plant is yes the green part
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    which can be easily mistaken for a leaf
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    is actually a stem it has nodes and
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    spines the thick green stem stores a lot
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    of water these stems are modified to
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    prepare food this modification helps the
  • 00:05:02
    plant to survive in dry desert
  • 00:05:04
    conditions some plants like
  • 00:05:07
    passionflower pumpkin the
  • 00:05:11
    have weak stems that need support to
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    help the plant coil around a support the
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    stems are modified into very tendrils
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    tendrils coil around the support to help
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    the plant climb when a tendril comes in
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    contact with an object it turns and
  • 00:05:30
    wraps around the object clinging to it
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    for support
  • 00:05:36
    we all know that the primary function of
  • 00:05:39
    the leaves is photosynthesis leaves of
  • 00:05:43
    some plants are modified to perform
  • 00:05:45
    specialized secondary functions such as
  • 00:05:48
    storage of food mechanical support
  • 00:05:52
    defense against grazing animals and
  • 00:05:55
    pre-caching let us see some examples for
  • 00:05:59
    each of these
  • 00:06:01
    in a pea plant the leaflets are modified
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    into a very leaf tendril these tendrils
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    twine around other objects to support
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    the plant
  • 00:06:13
    alaa leaves are modified to store water
  • 00:06:16
    in prickly poppy beliefs are modified
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    into spines for defense against grazing
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    cacti have spines that are actually
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    leaves modified to help in reducing the
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    loss of water in desert plants water
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    lilies have flat and large leaves to
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    help them float on water the most unique
  • 00:06:42
    modification is seen in carnivorous
  • 00:06:44
    plants like the Venus flytrap and the
  • 00:06:48
    pitcher plant here beliefs are modified
  • 00:06:51
    to trap and digest small animals
  • 00:06:56
    we have come to the end of this module
  • 00:06:58
    on plant modification
タグ
  • plant modification
  • roots
  • stems
  • leaves
  • photosynthesis
  • storage
  • support
  • respiration
  • adaptation
  • carnivorous plants