How to Remember Everything You Read

00:26:11
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=okHkUIW46ks

Resumo

TLDRThe video introduces a method for enhancing memory retention and practical application of read or learned information. The speaker emphasizes that effective learning isn't just about consuming more information, but also about retaining it through processing, referred to as 'digestion'. He proposes a strategy called PACER, an acronym for Procedural, Analogous, Conceptual, Evidence, and Reference types of information. Each type requires specific methods to facilitate memory retention: - Procedural information needs to be practiced immediately. - Analogous information involves creating and critiquing analogies to relate to prior knowledge. - Conceptual information benefits from mapping out connections in a network format. - Evidence and Reference information should be stored and rehearsed appropriately. Balancing these aspects helps overcome common pitfalls in learning by not overwhelming the brain's capacity to retain and apply knowledge. The video underscores the importance of digesting information to enable effective learning and encourages focused learning strategies over mere quantity.

ConclusΓ΅es

  • 🧠 Effective learning involves both consumption and digestion of information.
  • πŸ“š The PACER system categorizes information into five types for efficient learning.
  • πŸ•’ It's crucial to balance reading ('consumption') with processing ('digestion') to improve retention.
  • πŸ‘¨β€πŸ« Procedural info should be practiced instantly to enhance memory.
  • πŸ”— Creating analogies helps relate new info to known concepts for better understanding.
  • πŸ—ΊοΈ Conceptual learning is improved by mapping out connections in information.
  • πŸ“ Evidence data requires storing and later rehearsing for solid retention.
  • 🎯 Not all information needs memorization; identify what's crucial to remember.
  • πŸš€ The system is designed to help recall necessary information effectively in real-world situations.
  • πŸ”„ Adapt learning practices to overcome cognitive limits and memory overload.

Linha do tempo

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The video introduces a system for effectively remembering what you read, using a method involving two stages: consumption and digestion. It emphasizes that the traditional focus on consuming more information to improve memory is flawed, highlighting the importance of the digestion phase to enhance retention and application of knowledge.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    The speaker explains the concept of balancing consumption with digestion, using the acronym PACER to categorize information. Procedural information should be practiced immediately to aid retention. The digestion stage is essential; otherwise, like overeating without digestion, unprocessed information leads to forgetting.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    Analogous information, where new information relates to something already known, should be critiqued to strengthen retention. Constructing analogies and evaluating their validity enhances understanding. This approach, while seemingly unnatural, is necessary due to our brain's biological limits on information retention.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    Conceptual information is explained through techniques like mapping, which helps visualize connections between ideas. PACER encourages a strategic approach to learning, focusing on retaining and applying knowledge rather than merely consuming it. Mapping enhances depth of understanding and retention.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:26:11

    The final types, evidence and reference information, are stored and rehearsed for consolidation. Evidence links details to conceptual knowledge, while reference involves exact facts needing memorization through methods like flashcards. Balancing reading with these techniques prevents overwhelming learning.

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VΓ­deo de perguntas e respostas

  • What is the purpose of the learning system introduced in the video?

    The system helps improve both retention and the ability to apply learned knowledge efficiently.

  • What is PACER?

    The video introduces a system that involves categorizing information into five types using the acronym PACER.

  • How does the PACER system recommend dealing with different types of information?

    Procedural information requires practice, analogous involves critique, conceptual needs mapping, evidence requires storing and rehearsing, and reference includes storing for later recall.

  • What are the two stages of the learning system mentioned in the video?

    The two stages are consumption and digestion. Consuming involves reading or learning information, and digesting involves processing it to retain and use effectively.

  • What condition contributed to Kim Peak's superhuman memory?

    Kim Peak had a condition called FG syndrome, leading to a larger brain and unique neural connections.

  • Why is balancing consumption and digestion important in this learning system?

    Balancing consumption helps in retaining knowledge efficiently by not overwhelming the brain's capacity, ensuring better digestion of information.

  • What method is recommended for handling conceptual information?

    The speaker suggests mapping using nonlinear note-taking methods like mind maps for better understanding and retention of conceptual information.

  • Why is immediate practice recommended for procedural information?

    Practicing information as soon as it's read helps in better retention and avoids the ineffectiveness of just memorizing.

  • Why are analogies important in learning according to the video?

    Using analogies relates new information to existing knowledge, making it easier to understand and remember.

  • What is digestion in the context of this learning system?

    The video highlights the importance of digestion in the learning process, which most people neglect. It focuses on converting consumed information into long-term memory.

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Rolagem automΓ‘tica:
  • 00:00:00
    in this video I'll teach you a system
  • 00:00:01
    for remembering everything you read
  • 00:00:04
    study or learn I've been using the
  • 00:00:06
    system for the last 7 years starting
  • 00:00:09
    from learning disease pathophysiology in
  • 00:00:11
    medical school through to reading
  • 00:00:13
    research articles and learning science
  • 00:00:16
    or reading books on productivity or
  • 00:00:18
    business and the reason the system works
  • 00:00:20
    so consistently and so well is because
  • 00:00:23
    it breaks down that process of reading
  • 00:00:24
    into two distinct stages the first stage
  • 00:00:28
    is the consumption
  • 00:00:31
    period and the second stage is the
  • 00:00:34
    digestion
  • 00:00:36
    period most people think that by
  • 00:00:38
    focusing on the first stage and
  • 00:00:40
    consuming more information they'll be
  • 00:00:42
    able to therefore remember and apply
  • 00:00:45
    more information so they focus on trying
  • 00:00:47
    to read faster or watching lectures at
  • 00:00:49
    triple speed or binge listening to audio
  • 00:00:51
    books or watching hours of YouTube
  • 00:00:53
    tutorials but that is not how learning
  • 00:00:56
    works and once we understand how
  • 00:00:58
    learning does work you'll see why my
  • 00:01:01
    system is so effective you see when it
  • 00:01:03
    comes to remembering and applying
  • 00:01:05
    information it's much less about what
  • 00:01:08
    comes in to your brain and it's much
  • 00:01:10
    more about how much stays in your brain
  • 00:01:14
    and that is what the second stage the
  • 00:01:16
    digestion period is all about and it's
  • 00:01:19
    the part that is often neglected so
  • 00:01:21
    teach you a system for mastering both of
  • 00:01:23
    these stages which in turn increases
  • 00:01:26
    your Aurora retention as well as your
  • 00:01:29
    ability to actually use the knowledge in
  • 00:01:31
    the way that you need to but first we
  • 00:01:33
    need to ask ourselves is it even
  • 00:01:36
    possible to remember everything you read
  • 00:01:39
    and the short answer is no but here's
  • 00:01:43
    the secret trying to remember everything
  • 00:01:47
    we read should not be the goal in the
  • 00:01:51
    first place and we know this because of
  • 00:01:53
    a man who actually could remember
  • 00:01:55
    everything this man's name is Kim Peak
  • 00:01:58
    and his story is so crazy that Hollywood
  • 00:02:00
    made an entire movie about him Kim Peak
  • 00:02:03
    was a mega genius and his memory was
  • 00:02:06
    ridiculous he was able to memorize a
  • 00:02:09
    book with such perfect recall that after
  • 00:02:11
    reading a book one time he would be able
  • 00:02:15
    to write it out word for word with every
  • 00:02:19
    comma and full stop back to front he
  • 00:02:23
    memorized so many maps and atlases that
  • 00:02:26
    he could give you driving directions
  • 00:02:28
    between any two cities in the world and
  • 00:02:30
    the path that he gave you was mentally
  • 00:02:33
    calculated to be the shortest distance
  • 00:02:35
    now the reason K had such supernatural
  • 00:02:37
    abilities is because of a very rare
  • 00:02:39
    medical condition he had called FG
  • 00:02:41
    syndrome he was born with macroy which
  • 00:02:44
    means he had a larger brain and he had
  • 00:02:47
    no Corpus colossum which is basically
  • 00:02:49
    the bundle of neurons that connect both
  • 00:02:52
    hemispheres of the brain together in
  • 00:02:53
    scientists believe that because he
  • 00:02:54
    didn't have the normal pattern of
  • 00:02:56
    neurons his brain adapted and developed
  • 00:02:59
    Ved new connections to compensate which
  • 00:03:02
    I guess gave him like superhuman memory
  • 00:03:05
    now I want you to imagine that both you
  • 00:03:07
    and Kim Peak were about to sit the same
  • 00:03:09
    exam who do you think would do better
  • 00:03:12
    and the answer is that it actually
  • 00:03:14
    depends on the exam you see despite his
  • 00:03:17
    superhuman memory Kim Peak struggled
  • 00:03:20
    with reasoning and problem solving which
  • 00:03:23
    means that if the exam was at the junior
  • 00:03:26
    levels of schooling which often tests on
  • 00:03:28
    the lower levels of of learning which
  • 00:03:30
    involve a lot of memorization and recall
  • 00:03:33
    then Kim Peak would definitely win but
  • 00:03:35
    if the exam was at a higher level like
  • 00:03:37
    University or postgraduate where the
  • 00:03:40
    reasoning and problem solving the higher
  • 00:03:43
    orders of learning are examined as a
  • 00:03:46
    higher priority then you may actually
  • 00:03:49
    have the edge now for most of you
  • 00:03:51
    listening probably using the knowledge
  • 00:03:53
    you have consumed to reason and problem
  • 00:03:56
    solve is kind of the whole point of why
  • 00:03:58
    you're trying to read and remember in
  • 00:04:00
    the first place which basically means
  • 00:04:02
    that it is not enough to remember
  • 00:04:06
    everything which is good because for
  • 00:04:08
    most people that's not possible anyway
  • 00:04:10
    but it is possible to remember
  • 00:04:13
    everything you need to remember in such
  • 00:04:16
    a way that we can use that knowledge in
  • 00:04:20
    the way we need to and that is what the
  • 00:04:22
    system that I'll teach you helps you to
  • 00:04:24
    achieve so to start using the system we
  • 00:04:27
    have to understand that not all
  • 00:04:29
    information is equal in fact I break
  • 00:04:32
    down the information that I read into
  • 00:04:34
    five different categories using the
  • 00:04:36
    acronym
  • 00:04:38
    Pacer and it's important to be able to
  • 00:04:40
    identify which category the information
  • 00:04:43
    you're reading to belongs to because for
  • 00:04:45
    each category there are specific
  • 00:04:48
    targeted processes that then help you to
  • 00:04:51
    deal with and manage that information
  • 00:04:53
    more effectively and when we use the
  • 00:04:55
    wrong process for the specific category
  • 00:04:58
    of information it makes remembering and
  • 00:05:01
    understanding what you read much harder
  • 00:05:04
    much more timec consuming and much less
  • 00:05:06
    effective and that you're more likely to
  • 00:05:08
    forget what you read it also increases
  • 00:05:10
    the chance of you entering the passive
  • 00:05:12
    mode of reading which is where you get
  • 00:05:14
    to the bottom of a page and you can't
  • 00:05:15
    even remember what you just read so the
  • 00:05:18
    system goes like this in the first part
  • 00:05:20
    where we are consuming information we
  • 00:05:23
    want to identify which category what we
  • 00:05:27
    are consuming belongs to using the Pacer
  • 00:05:31
    acronym then during stage two we digest
  • 00:05:35
    what we have read using the targeted
  • 00:05:38
    process for that category which takes
  • 00:05:41
    the information and stores it in our
  • 00:05:43
    long-term memory through the process
  • 00:05:45
    called encoding so let's go through
  • 00:05:47
    Pacer together so that you can
  • 00:05:49
    accurately identify the category of
  • 00:05:51
    information you're trying to remember
  • 00:05:53
    the p and Pacer stands for
  • 00:05:57
    procedural and procedural information is
  • 00:05:59
    any information that tells you how
  • 00:06:02
    something should be executed for example
  • 00:06:05
    this is a book that I used during
  • 00:06:06
    medical school that taught me about how
  • 00:06:09
    to do a clinical examination like listen
  • 00:06:11
    to a heartbeat or take someone's blood
  • 00:06:13
    pressure and a lot of the information in
  • 00:06:15
    this book is about the correct technique
  • 00:06:18
    to perform the examination and some
  • 00:06:20
    subjects and domains have a lot of
  • 00:06:23
    procedural information some great
  • 00:06:25
    examples of this would be coding and
  • 00:06:27
    languages the targeted process for
  • 00:06:29
    working with with and mastering this
  • 00:06:31
    type of procedural information is
  • 00:06:34
    practice the key is that you want to
  • 00:06:37
    apply procedural information in real
  • 00:06:40
    life as early as possible a lot of
  • 00:06:43
    people will spend time to read it and
  • 00:06:45
    memorize it and write lots of notes
  • 00:06:47
    about it and then a week or two later
  • 00:06:49
    they'll try to practice it but by then
  • 00:06:52
    it's too late we've already forgotten a
  • 00:06:53
    lot of it and a lot of that time is just
  • 00:06:56
    wasted instead as soon as you take that
  • 00:06:58
    procedural information into your brain
  • 00:07:01
    try to apply it and practice it as early
  • 00:07:03
    as you can now straight away we run into
  • 00:07:07
    a problem with using this approach what
  • 00:07:10
    if we're reading something and we don't
  • 00:07:12
    have time to practice it right now the
  • 00:07:14
    answer is you either move on to
  • 00:07:17
    something else or you stop consuming
  • 00:07:21
    anything and you wait until you have
  • 00:07:24
    time to practice it but you do not waste
  • 00:07:26
    your time trying to just memor memorize
  • 00:07:29
    it on the spot because here is the
  • 00:07:31
    crucial part about learning that
  • 00:07:33
    everyone overlooks the two stages of
  • 00:07:36
    consuming and digesting must always be
  • 00:07:43
    balanced everything you consume must be
  • 00:07:46
    digested in order for you to retain and
  • 00:07:49
    use it only when stage one is followed
  • 00:07:53
    by stage two does learning actually
  • 00:07:57
    occur if we're reading something and we
  • 00:07:59
    don't have time time to use the right
  • 00:08:00
    process like practice then most people
  • 00:08:02
    will say oh well I don't have time right
  • 00:08:04
    now I'm just going to get through as
  • 00:08:06
    much of it as I can and they spend more
  • 00:08:08
    time reading and reading and essentially
  • 00:08:10
    just consuming more and more but this is
  • 00:08:14
    the learning equivalent of overeating
  • 00:08:16
    they haven't had a chance to digest it
  • 00:08:17
    so they're just going to end up vomiting
  • 00:08:19
    it all up again through the mental
  • 00:08:22
    vomiting process we call forgetting
  • 00:08:23
    which is why for most people the amount
  • 00:08:26
    that they forget after reading is
  • 00:08:28
    extremely high with some studies
  • 00:08:31
    suggesting that up to
  • 00:08:33
    90% of what is consumed is forgotten
  • 00:08:37
    despite hours of consuming and if we're
  • 00:08:40
    forgetting 90% of what we read rather
  • 00:08:43
    than consuming more and taking time away
  • 00:08:47
    from the digesting it actually makes
  • 00:08:49
    more sense to spend less time consuming
  • 00:08:53
    and more time on the digesting and
  • 00:08:56
    processing this increases your retention
  • 00:08:59
    with which therefore increases the
  • 00:09:02
    amount of working knowledge you're able
  • 00:09:04
    to build so earlier I said what goes
  • 00:09:07
    into your brain is less important than
  • 00:09:09
    what stays in your brain and this
  • 00:09:11
    principle of balancing stage one
  • 00:09:13
    consuming with stage two digesting is
  • 00:09:16
    important not just for procedural
  • 00:09:18
    information but for every other category
  • 00:09:21
    of PESA unfortunately stage two
  • 00:09:24
    digesting is almost completely neglected
  • 00:09:27
    for the second category of in the a of
  • 00:09:30
    Pacer which stands for
  • 00:09:35
    analogous analogous information is
  • 00:09:37
    actually one of the easiest types of
  • 00:09:40
    information to work with and remember
  • 00:09:43
    and apply because analogous information
  • 00:09:47
    is the information that is related to
  • 00:09:50
    something you already have prior
  • 00:09:53
    knowledge about and even if we don't
  • 00:09:55
    have direct prior knowledge about it it
  • 00:09:58
    may remind us indirectly of something
  • 00:10:01
    that we do have knowledge about for
  • 00:10:03
    example let's say that we are an avid
  • 00:10:05
    swimmer and we're learning about the
  • 00:10:08
    physiology of a muscle contraction when
  • 00:10:10
    we look at that muscle contraction cycle
  • 00:10:13
    we might think hey that reminds me a lot
  • 00:10:16
    about the swimming technique I use and
  • 00:10:19
    by connecting the new information about
  • 00:10:22
    muscle contraction physiology with what
  • 00:10:25
    we already know our swimming technique
  • 00:10:28
    we have created
  • 00:10:29
    an analogy and so that is analogous
  • 00:10:32
    information and analogies can form with
  • 00:10:35
    any prior knowledge including knowledge
  • 00:10:38
    within a topic itself in most fields of
  • 00:10:41
    study there are Concepts or patterns of
  • 00:10:44
    Concepts and relationships that tend to
  • 00:10:47
    repeat and recur throughout that field
  • 00:10:50
    you might have learned about how to
  • 00:10:51
    solve a particular type of problem last
  • 00:10:53
    semester and now this semester this new
  • 00:10:56
    problem solving approach that you're
  • 00:10:57
    learning for the first time reminds you
  • 00:10:59
    a lot of that old problem solving
  • 00:11:02
    process and relating those two
  • 00:11:04
    approaches is also an analogy so when
  • 00:11:06
    we're engaging in stage one the
  • 00:11:09
    consumption period of reading we want to
  • 00:11:12
    actively be thinking about whether what
  • 00:11:14
    we are reading is related to something
  • 00:11:18
    that we already have knowledge about and
  • 00:11:20
    once we identify it as potentially
  • 00:11:22
    analogous information the targeted
  • 00:11:25
    process we want to use here is critique
  • 00:11:30
    this is the part I said everyone misses
  • 00:11:32
    once we create an analogy critiquing it
  • 00:11:36
    means we examine critically how good
  • 00:11:39
    that analogy actually is for example
  • 00:11:42
    with the analogy of muscle contraction
  • 00:11:44
    and swimming technique critiquing that
  • 00:11:46
    analogy means asking ourselves in what
  • 00:11:49
    way specifically are these two things
  • 00:11:52
    similar or related to each other in what
  • 00:11:55
    ways are they different in what
  • 00:11:58
    situation does this analogy not make
  • 00:12:00
    sense anymore and if there are a lot of
  • 00:12:02
    differences or a lot of conditions and
  • 00:12:04
    situations where the analogy breaks
  • 00:12:06
    apart then is there a better analogy or
  • 00:12:09
    can we extend or modify that analogy to
  • 00:12:12
    make it more comprehensive and more
  • 00:12:14
    accurate this critiquing process
  • 00:12:16
    massively drives up our attention and
  • 00:12:19
    depth of understanding of this new
  • 00:12:21
    information and the reason this works is
  • 00:12:23
    because instead of new information just
  • 00:12:25
    being new information that your brain
  • 00:12:28
    doesn't know what to do with we're
  • 00:12:29
    actually extending it from what we
  • 00:12:32
    already know we're taking our existing
  • 00:12:34
    Network and connecting it to the new
  • 00:12:37
    information straight away which is the
  • 00:12:39
    reason why creating analogies has been
  • 00:12:41
    shown in studies repeatedly to be so
  • 00:12:44
    powerful for our retention and
  • 00:12:46
    understanding now at this point you
  • 00:12:47
    might be looking at the system and
  • 00:12:49
    thinking this seems a little forced it
  • 00:12:52
    doesn't feel natural and you're right in
  • 00:12:54
    fact it's crucial that you understand
  • 00:12:57
    that this is not natural and that's why
  • 00:13:01
    it works if you have no time pressure
  • 00:13:04
    and it doesn't matter how well you learn
  • 00:13:06
    something then you can learn and read
  • 00:13:08
    however you want but unfortunately what
  • 00:13:11
    research has shown is that there are
  • 00:13:13
    clear biological limitations of the
  • 00:13:16
    human brain to how much it can consume
  • 00:13:19
    and store into our memory in one go and
  • 00:13:22
    in the modern day when there is so much
  • 00:13:24
    we have to learn it is very very easy to
  • 00:13:28
    exceed that biological limit and then
  • 00:13:30
    get overwhelmed learning is extremely
  • 00:13:33
    complicated so to be able to learn a lot
  • 00:13:36
    in a short amount of time reach a high
  • 00:13:37
    level of knowledge a lot of processes
  • 00:13:40
    need to go right and this is why most
  • 00:13:43
    people will Plateau on their learning
  • 00:13:45
    ability and after a point not really
  • 00:13:48
    improve for the rest of their lives for
  • 00:13:50
    me figuring out what processes to care
  • 00:13:52
    about and therefore what to improve on
  • 00:13:55
    and then how to even execute on those
  • 00:13:59
    correctly took me at least 7 or 8 years
  • 00:14:02
    of almost constant experimentation and
  • 00:14:06
    reading of research and coaching people
  • 00:14:09
    to see what works for them and honestly
  • 00:14:11
    I got lucky because 10 15 years ago a
  • 00:14:13
    lot of the research didn't even exists
  • 00:14:15
    which is why to make it easier for you
  • 00:14:18
    I've started a free Weekly Newsletter I
  • 00:14:21
    take everything that I've learned that
  • 00:14:23
    helps you become a more efficient
  • 00:14:24
    learner the things that have the highest
  • 00:14:26
    chance of giving you success in a short
  • 00:14:29
    amount of time and I packaged them in a
  • 00:14:31
    way that you can take and Implement into
  • 00:14:34
    your own learning in less than 10 15
  • 00:14:36
    minutes if you want to sign up to the
  • 00:14:37
    newsletter it's completely free I'll
  • 00:14:38
    leave a link in the description for you
  • 00:14:40
    now getting back to peser you might
  • 00:14:42
    notice that the way that I've written
  • 00:14:44
    the a in PESA is is like this it's this
  • 00:14:48
    kind of strange shape there the reason
  • 00:14:50
    is because a the analogous information
  • 00:14:54
    can exist within as a subset of
  • 00:14:59
    procedural information for example you
  • 00:15:01
    could create an analogy on a set of
  • 00:15:04
    instructions to make it simpler and
  • 00:15:06
    easier for you to understand and then
  • 00:15:07
    later you go and practice it but
  • 00:15:09
    analogous information also exists as a
  • 00:15:11
    subset within the next category of
  • 00:15:14
    information which is the C of Paca and
  • 00:15:17
    this stands for
  • 00:15:19
    conceptual if procedural information is
  • 00:15:22
    the how to do something then conceptual
  • 00:15:25
    information is the what and for most
  • 00:15:27
    science subjects the majority of what
  • 00:15:29
    you need to learn is conceptual
  • 00:15:31
    conceptual information includes facts
  • 00:15:33
    and explanations theories and principles
  • 00:15:37
    relationships between Concepts and ways
  • 00:15:40
    that that concept can be applied and in
  • 00:15:42
    most cases we need both the procedural
  • 00:15:44
    and the conceptual knowledge to solve a
  • 00:15:47
    problem and apply our knowledge properly
  • 00:15:49
    for example although this book goes
  • 00:15:51
    through how to listen to someone's heart
  • 00:15:55
    I still need to have the conceptual
  • 00:15:58
    knowledge about what I'm listening to to
  • 00:16:00
    be able to analyze that and make a
  • 00:16:02
    conclusion on the diagnosis so when we
  • 00:16:05
    identify that a piece of text we're
  • 00:16:06
    reading is conceptual type information
  • 00:16:09
    the process we want to use straight away
  • 00:16:11
    is
  • 00:16:13
    mapping
  • 00:16:14
    nonlinear network based note taking such
  • 00:16:18
    as mind mapping is an efficient way of
  • 00:16:21
    increasing your attention and Mastery of
  • 00:16:24
    conceptual knowledge because conceptual
  • 00:16:26
    knowledge inherently exists in a network
  • 00:16:29
    although a textbook or a lecture might
  • 00:16:31
    be delivered word after word in a linear
  • 00:16:34
    format if we look at the mind and
  • 00:16:37
    knowledge of the person that wrote that
  • 00:16:39
    textbook it doesn't exist in a linear
  • 00:16:43
    sentence by sentence structure their
  • 00:16:45
    knowledge and expertise exists in a
  • 00:16:47
    highly connected network of information
  • 00:16:51
    there is no innate sequence of
  • 00:16:53
    information an expert can start at any
  • 00:16:56
    point and navigate to any other point
  • 00:16:59
    this is what allows an expert to do
  • 00:17:01
    complex problem solving because they can
  • 00:17:03
    look at a problem understand what
  • 00:17:05
    concepts are related and see how those
  • 00:17:08
    Concepts connect together to solve the
  • 00:17:11
    problem whereas a beginner who's only
  • 00:17:12
    learned it at a surface level just sees
  • 00:17:15
    individual separated Concepts and they
  • 00:17:18
    don't understand how they link together
  • 00:17:21
    as a learner our job is not to remember
  • 00:17:24
    the sequence word for word our job is to
  • 00:17:26
    try to recreate that network of
  • 00:17:30
    knowledge that the expert had and
  • 00:17:31
    mapping is such a great technique
  • 00:17:33
    because it forces us to not only think
  • 00:17:36
    about each fact and concept but also how
  • 00:17:39
    they connect to each other to form a
  • 00:17:42
    bigger picture so when you are reading
  • 00:17:44
    and consuming take some time to get out
  • 00:17:48
    a piece of paper or a tablet and make a
  • 00:17:51
    map of the things that you're learning
  • 00:17:53
    and as you read more you add more to
  • 00:17:57
    your map you move things around you
  • 00:17:59
    reorganize things as you read more you
  • 00:18:03
    also digest more and your map grows
  • 00:18:06
    remember analogous information can also
  • 00:18:09
    exist within conceptual information so
  • 00:18:12
    you might find Opportunities within
  • 00:18:14
    conceptual information to create some
  • 00:18:16
    analogies and you might want to add
  • 00:18:18
    those into your map as well even if the
  • 00:18:20
    analogy doesn't make its way into the
  • 00:18:21
    map it could give you an idea in terms
  • 00:18:23
    of how you want to structure your ideas
  • 00:18:26
    on your map now here's that same problem
  • 00:18:28
    again let's say you reading but you
  • 00:18:30
    don't have time to draw a map or maybe
  • 00:18:33
    you don't have anything to map on while
  • 00:18:35
    you're reading then again we need to
  • 00:18:37
    slow down and consume less so that
  • 00:18:40
    consumption and digestion can stay
  • 00:18:42
    balanced and if you don't you'll just
  • 00:18:45
    end up overwhelmed again and wasting
  • 00:18:47
    time because not only are you going to
  • 00:18:50
    forget a lot of what you are consuming
  • 00:18:53
    but now you've given the future version
  • 00:18:55
    of you more work to do by having to go
  • 00:18:57
    and figure out what your forgotten and
  • 00:18:59
    then Rec consume it again anyway now the
  • 00:19:02
    good news is that the digesting of
  • 00:19:04
    procedural analogous and conceptual
  • 00:19:06
    information is easily the most timec
  • 00:19:09
    consuming the E and the r of PESA are
  • 00:19:12
    much faster and easier to deal with I
  • 00:19:14
    talk about e and are together because
  • 00:19:15
    they're both very similar to each other
  • 00:19:18
    but pay close attention because the two
  • 00:19:20
    are actually so similar to each other
  • 00:19:23
    that most people never distinguish
  • 00:19:26
    between the two and that can lead
  • 00:19:28
    directly to hours of wasted time per
  • 00:19:31
    week the E and Pacer stands for
  • 00:19:35
    evidence evidence type information is
  • 00:19:37
    the information that helps make
  • 00:19:40
    conceptual information more concrete
  • 00:19:43
    they're often very detailed sometimes
  • 00:19:45
    very technical pieces of information but
  • 00:19:48
    they're useful because we can use these
  • 00:19:51
    facts or statistics or cases as examples
  • 00:19:55
    to prove a conceptual point for example
  • 00:19:58
    we could understand
  • 00:20:00
    conceptually how World War I started but
  • 00:20:04
    we also need to know the evidence
  • 00:20:06
    information of date certain specific
  • 00:20:09
    events occurred between which specific
  • 00:20:12
    people at which specific location to
  • 00:20:15
    make that concept more concrete and the
  • 00:20:18
    key process for evidence type
  • 00:20:20
    information is to
  • 00:20:22
    store and
  • 00:20:25
    rehearse store means that you just colle
  • 00:20:28
    collect that information and note it
  • 00:20:30
    down somewhere you could add it to your
  • 00:20:33
    conceptual map you could add it to a
  • 00:20:35
    second brain system using something like
  • 00:20:37
    notion or Rome or obsidian or you can
  • 00:20:40
    put it onto flashcards you could even
  • 00:20:43
    just write them down on a document
  • 00:20:45
    somewhere with all the other things that
  • 00:20:46
    you are storing this should happen as
  • 00:20:48
    soon as you identify it so as you are
  • 00:20:51
    consuming the information and you
  • 00:20:53
    identify that this piece of information
  • 00:20:56
    is an Evidence type we go ahead and
  • 00:20:59
    straight away store it the rehearsing
  • 00:21:02
    part of it comes a little later we put
  • 00:21:05
    aside time to do the rehearsal and
  • 00:21:07
    rehearsing the information is the key to
  • 00:21:11
    improving our retention of evidence type
  • 00:21:13
    information rehearsing means that we
  • 00:21:15
    think about how we will need to use this
  • 00:21:19
    piece of information how are we going to
  • 00:21:21
    apply it what type of conceptual
  • 00:21:23
    information is this an example of we
  • 00:21:25
    then challenge ourselves by using an
  • 00:21:28
    applying that information in the way
  • 00:21:30
    that we will need to use it this means
  • 00:21:33
    solving problems or writing detailed
  • 00:21:35
    answers to questions or creating
  • 00:21:36
    explanations teaching it to other people
  • 00:21:39
    or maybe writing essays that use that
  • 00:21:41
    piece of evidence as a supporting
  • 00:21:44
    example for a wider concept and so while
  • 00:21:46
    we store the information while we
  • 00:21:49
    consume it the rehearsing happens later
  • 00:21:52
    maybe at the end of the day or at the
  • 00:21:53
    end of the week but do not waste time
  • 00:21:57
    while you are cons assuming trying to
  • 00:22:00
    just memorize and read and reread and
  • 00:22:03
    writing copious notes on that piece of
  • 00:22:05
    information otherwise you are not going
  • 00:22:07
    to have enough time for the PA and C the
  • 00:22:11
    first three types of information which
  • 00:22:13
    is what forms the foundation of
  • 00:22:16
    knowledge that the evidence type needs
  • 00:22:19
    to build off of in the first place now
  • 00:22:22
    evidence type information is very
  • 00:22:24
    similar to the final type which is the r
  • 00:22:26
    of PESA and this stands for
  • 00:22:29
    reference type information reference
  • 00:22:31
    information is the easiest to deal with
  • 00:22:34
    it is all of the Nitty Gritty very
  • 00:22:37
    specific detailed bits of information
  • 00:22:40
    that don't really change your conceptual
  • 00:22:44
    understanding they're not particularly
  • 00:22:47
    that important they're not analogous and
  • 00:22:49
    they're not procedural but for whatever
  • 00:22:51
    reason we might need to know this later
  • 00:22:55
    this might be something like the exact
  • 00:22:56
    value of a mathematical con Conant or a
  • 00:22:59
    specific Gene involved in a particular
  • 00:23:01
    mutation or the name of a very specific
  • 00:23:03
    molecule of a disease or maybe a list of
  • 00:23:06
    attributes used to define a variable for
  • 00:23:09
    coding and the process we use to deal
  • 00:23:12
    with this type of information is the
  • 00:23:13
    same as for evidence almost it's store
  • 00:23:18
    and rehearse the same
  • 00:23:21
    things the storing part exactly the same
  • 00:23:25
    you Chuck it in a second brand and your
  • 00:23:26
    flash cards wherever makes sense for you
  • 00:23:29
    but if you need to be able to record
  • 00:23:30
    this information from memory and you
  • 00:23:32
    can't like refer back to your notes when
  • 00:23:35
    you need to use it then you probably
  • 00:23:36
    want to use something like flash cards
  • 00:23:38
    because the rehearse part is a little
  • 00:23:40
    different because reference type
  • 00:23:42
    information is by definition not very
  • 00:23:46
    conceptually important anyway it's quite
  • 00:23:49
    hard to use this for problem solving or
  • 00:23:52
    as part of like an extended discussion
  • 00:23:54
    or answer the way we're probably going
  • 00:23:56
    to use this information is just Direct
  • 00:23:58
    fact recoil which is why something like
  • 00:24:01
    flash cards using a space repetition
  • 00:24:03
    active recoil strategy like an app like
  • 00:24:06
    ankey is going to be the best way to
  • 00:24:08
    handle reference type information so as
  • 00:24:11
    you're reading and you're thinking hey
  • 00:24:13
    this might be a reference type
  • 00:24:14
    information you dump it into your
  • 00:24:17
    flashcards and you put aside like 30
  • 00:24:20
    minutes every day or whatever to just go
  • 00:24:22
    through your flash cards to do your
  • 00:24:24
    rehearsal but please again
  • 00:24:26
    absolutely do not waste time while
  • 00:24:30
    you're reading trying to just read and
  • 00:24:32
    reread and write notes and just memorize
  • 00:24:34
    this information at the time you need to
  • 00:24:37
    use that time for the first three which
  • 00:24:40
    forms the bulk of your knowledge as I
  • 00:24:43
    said earlier there are a lot of things
  • 00:24:45
    that need to go right to be able to
  • 00:24:47
    learn a lot of information in a short
  • 00:24:49
    period of time and wasting time on
  • 00:24:52
    trying to memorize reference information
  • 00:24:54
    while you are reading it instead of
  • 00:24:56
    spending that time on the first three
  • 00:24:59
    types is one of the worst offenders and
  • 00:25:02
    as soon as you get into that mind frame
  • 00:25:04
    of reading something and then rereading
  • 00:25:07
    it again trying to get it into your head
  • 00:25:09
    you can say goodbye to your learning
  • 00:25:11
    efficiency so now you know the five
  • 00:25:13
    types of information for you to try to
  • 00:25:15
    identify as you consume in stage one and
  • 00:25:19
    the appropriate targeted process that
  • 00:25:21
    will help you to digest that information
  • 00:25:23
    in stage two and the key to be able to
  • 00:25:26
    retain a lot and have a good high level
  • 00:25:29
    of knowledge for what you have consumed
  • 00:25:31
    is to keep that stage one and stage two
  • 00:25:33
    balanced however when it comes to
  • 00:25:35
    learning efficiently this just scratches
  • 00:25:38
    the surface in fact if you look at this
  • 00:25:41
    map of learning that outlines the major
  • 00:25:44
    processes that you need to be a
  • 00:25:46
    consistently High performing efficient
  • 00:25:49
    learner what we talked about today is
  • 00:25:51
    like barely a few percent of it so if
  • 00:25:54
    you want to start unpacking what those
  • 00:25:55
    other processes look like without having
  • 00:25:57
    to dedicate
  • 00:25:59
    a decade of your life to uh learning
  • 00:26:01
    about it like I did then make sure to
  • 00:26:03
    check out my free newsletter the link is
  • 00:26:05
    in the description thank you so much for
  • 00:26:08
    watching and I will see you in the next
  • 00:26:10
    one
Etiquetas
  • memory retention
  • learning system
  • PACER
  • information processing
  • study methods
  • Kim Peak
  • consumption
  • digestion
  • efficient learning
  • knowledge application