00:00:00
I want to ask you to think back to some
00:00:22
occasion in your life when you might
00:00:23
have gotten in an argument with someone
00:00:25
particularly someone that you loved you
00:00:27
cared for a lot a family member a spouse
00:00:30
a parent and really reacted really react
00:00:35
it got so angry did things you said
00:00:37
things maybe broke stuff said hurtful
00:00:40
things and then later on reflected on
00:00:42
your behavior and wondering what
00:00:45
happened where did that come from I want
00:00:49
to look at some of the factors that
00:00:51
contribute to that type of overreaction
00:00:53
that mechanism that hyper arousal that
00:00:55
occurs hyper arousal anger hostility
00:00:59
where does that come from what generates
00:01:02
it I'm going to talk about stress okay
00:01:05
stress as if as a factor that can
00:01:08
influence behaviors and look at the
00:01:11
anatomy of the human brain is actually
00:01:14
we actually have two brains that are
00:01:16
contributing to our behaviors two brains
00:01:19
contributing to our behaviors and stress
00:01:22
is particularly influential on one of
00:01:23
them stresses noting that we think about
00:01:25
right we don't come up with stress it is
00:01:28
a reaction to the external environment
00:01:31
so let me talk about the two brains I
00:01:35
have a diagram here of this the cortex
00:01:38
of the brain and this structure
00:01:42
underneath the cortex of the brain which
00:01:45
is labeled brain stem in here but I'm
00:01:46
really talking to talk about the
00:01:48
subcortical brain this entire structure
00:01:50
here the cortex of the brain is what I'm
00:01:53
going to call the human brain the
00:01:55
intelligent brain it's where our
00:01:57
personality is our individuality where
00:02:00
we make choices of our mate what we eat
00:02:03
we're kind of music we listen to what
00:02:05
car we drive where we live what type of
00:02:08
life we live we take in sensory
00:02:10
information that's processed in the
00:02:12
cortex and we
00:02:13
take actions based on sensory
00:02:15
information that's where our personality
00:02:18
our individuality it's all centered in
00:02:20
that cortical area note in the human
00:02:22
brain it's actually the the by far the
00:02:24
largest mass of the human brain is
00:02:26
cortex okay we rule the world as humans
00:02:30
why not because we perform animal
00:02:33
functions better than any animals we're
00:02:34
not bigger faster stronger than animals
00:02:36
we think better we have the largest
00:02:39
cortex and we rule the world but we're
00:02:43
animals we eat make waste products and
00:02:45
make babies and that behavior triggered
00:02:49
by our primitive animal brain is
00:02:50
sometimes responsible for triggering
00:02:53
some of the behaviors that were not
00:02:54
particularly fond of so this primitive
00:02:58
animal brain what does it do well the
00:03:01
brain reacts to situations whether we
00:03:05
want it to or not particularly this
00:03:07
animal brain which doesn't think it just
00:03:10
reacts to the environment so if I if I
00:03:14
said to you hey let's all go outside and
00:03:15
race across Broad Street but don't your
00:03:17
heart beat increase could you do it now
00:03:19
you can think to yourself hey I'm going
00:03:21
to stop my heart beat for 10 seconds but
00:03:23
you can't do it the thought exists the
00:03:25
thinking exists in the cortex the human
00:03:27
brain but the animal brain is
00:03:29
controlling your heartbeat and won't let
00:03:30
you do it so you can think all you want
00:03:33
about lowering your blood pressure and
00:03:35
it won't happen that primitive animal
00:03:38
brain is maintaining your heartbeat your
00:03:39
breathing your digestion from the moment
00:03:41
that you're born at any time I mean even
00:03:43
pre pre birth you know as a fetus that
00:03:48
no these structures start operating in
00:03:50
that central nervous system primitive
00:03:52
animal brain is operating non-stop until
00:03:56
it until your death pretty amazing
00:03:59
okay I'm gonna ask you to look at
00:04:02
another way that that this primitive
00:04:03
animal brain reacts the situations okay
00:04:06
so this you know let's let's pick a
00:04:09
picture a bunch of guys hanging out
00:04:11
arguing about who's gonna win the Super
00:04:13
Bowl on Sunday talking about cars
00:04:15
whatever whatever men might want to talk
00:04:17
about when they're involved in a
00:04:18
conversation I'm a man so I look at you
00:04:21
know I only have a male perspective on
00:04:23
things but what you guys are sitting
00:04:25
around talking and all of a sudden there
00:04:27
that conversation this really attractive
00:04:30
looking woman walks by with a
00:04:32
inappropriately short miniskirt and an
00:04:35
inappropriately tight t-shirt what's
00:04:36
gonna happen to that conversation all
00:04:40
right the little Snickers in yon is no
00:04:41
not me man I don't look you know men
00:04:44
will be attracted to that not because
00:04:47
they're out there searching for mates
00:04:49
married men might react that way okay
00:04:52
but because of the fact there's an
00:04:53
animal incident of sexual attraction
00:04:55
why do advertisers put sexually
00:04:58
attractive women in ads to attract
00:05:00
attention to that ads so people go on
00:05:02
buy stuff they don't need okay it's an
00:05:05
animal instinct now I may be distracted
00:05:09
at times but I'm married so I don't go
00:05:10
out and chase the girl you know married
00:05:13
men's committed men or in relationships
00:05:15
might to be attracted might be it might
00:05:18
be like a magnetic boom but back focus
00:05:21
on hey I'm married yeah I think the
00:05:23
Patriots are gonna lose or whatever you
00:05:24
know whatever the conversation happens
00:05:25
you know
00:05:27
but the reaction and I don't know how
00:05:30
women react to men I mean you know
00:05:32
fortunately you you do react those ugly
00:05:34
guys with that's good you know but that
00:05:37
primitive sexual instinct is a really
00:05:40
important behavioral driver of on a day
00:05:44
to day basis you know male elephants are
00:05:46
attracted to female elephants female
00:05:48
frogs mate with male frogs all species
00:05:50
mates sexual attractions basic animal
00:05:54
instinct a more powerful animal instinct
00:05:57
programmed in that primitive animal
00:05:59
brain is survival and how do animals
00:06:02
survive fight or flight okay much more
00:06:07
powerful instinct so the primitive
00:06:10
animal brain to review runs our body
00:06:12
breathing digestion heartbeat blood
00:06:17
maintains blood pressure and this
00:06:18
program for primitive animal instincts
00:06:20
that all animals have eating sexual
00:06:23
attractions seeking safety and shelter
00:06:24
and then that most powerful instinct
00:06:26
survival fight-or-flight the cortex of
00:06:29
the brain is our thinking brain it makes
00:06:31
decisions it takes actions that those
00:06:33
things okay based on sensory information
00:06:36
it thinks it's where our memory is
00:06:39
located all of our processing
00:06:41
now my job on a daily basis is I work
00:06:44
I'm a physician I work I'm the director
00:06:47
of the traumatic brain injury for the
00:06:49
military down here at Fort Gordon
00:06:51
Eisenhower Army Medical Center and I'm
00:06:54
gonna use some examples of what happens
00:06:56
to soldiers when they're taken from the
00:06:59
United States sent over to Iraq and
00:07:02
Afghanistan and experience the traumatic
00:07:05
experience of war and how does that
00:07:07
experience impact their performance how
00:07:12
does that experience impact their
00:07:13
behaviors based on the influence that
00:07:15
that traumatic experience has on their
00:07:17
brain whether they wanted to or not okay
00:07:19
so what they do is they go to a place
00:07:21
like Iraq or Afghanistan what is the
00:07:23
enemy trying to do to them when they're
00:07:24
there kill him
00:07:25
trying to keep the enemies trying to
00:07:27
kill these men and women so their
00:07:30
fight-or-flight the primitive animal
00:07:33
instinct is ramped up and magnified
00:07:35
turned on big time
00:07:37
all the time not for like 20 minutes
00:07:38
here in ten minutes here but non-stop
00:07:41
for 24 24/7 through their entire time of
00:07:44
deployment I was I was with the patient
00:07:46
this morning seven deployments seven
00:07:50
deployments 14 months minimum of those
00:07:52
seven in those seven deployments
00:07:55
hyperactivated fighter flight and when
00:07:57
you're in a place where you know bad
00:07:58
guys are trying to kill you having your
00:08:00
fight-or-flight activated to respond
00:08:01
real quickly is the best thing that
00:08:02
could happen to you and it functions
00:08:05
great when you're in a combat zone
00:08:07
but now let's take that soldier and
00:08:08
return him to the United States so you
00:08:10
get on a plane come back to the US get
00:08:13
off the plane hi I'm back home what part
00:08:16
of the brain is recognizing the
00:08:18
geographic shift back to the United
00:08:20
States the cortex the intelligent human
00:08:22
thinking brain but where was this hyper
00:08:25
aroused fight-or-flight located and the
00:08:28
primitive animal brain the subcortical
00:08:30
brain specifically a structure called
00:08:31
the amygdala which becomes hyper
00:08:33
activated and triggers fight-or-flight
00:08:35
now that was very very powerful and
00:08:38
essential in a combat zone but the
00:08:41
soldier now comes home and he's still
00:08:43
hyperactivated so to give you an example
00:08:46
I had one of my men went to it was home
00:08:48
for a few months he was feeling pretty
00:08:49
good he went to a rock and roll show in
00:08:51
Atlanta hanging out in Atlanta
00:08:53
I was doing ok with the crowds but all
00:08:56
of a sudden boom fireworks go off BAM he
00:08:58
bought he dives to the ground now he
00:09:01
didn't hear the explosion ago that
00:09:02
sounds like a bomb I'd better duck ok he
00:09:05
reacted non-thinking
00:09:07
so now let's look at the anatomy of the
00:09:09
brain cause there's one more super
00:09:11
important point to make in here that's
00:09:12
fascinating sensory information comes in
00:09:16
- you know we see here taste touch and
00:09:19
smell that sensor information comes into
00:09:20
our sense organs is sent to a structure
00:09:22
in the brain except for smell which
00:09:23
bypasses the thalamus but all the rest
00:09:25
are sent to the thalamus which is a
00:09:27
relay station that sends a signal to
00:09:29
both the human intelligent cortical
00:09:32
brain and the primitive animal brain so
00:09:34
in this case of this explosion at a rock
00:09:37
show the explosion gets to the cortex
00:09:41
and the cortex is gonna think about
00:09:42
exploding sounds like a bomb Whitman I'm
00:09:44
in Atlanta oh my gosh the terrorists by
00:09:45
the way the band still playing nobody's
00:09:46
running for cover nobody saw romance
00:09:47
fireworks roof I'm ok and the cortex
00:09:50
could figure that out very quickly
00:09:52
simultaneously that signal went to the
00:09:54
animal brain the animal brain doesn't
00:09:56
understand geography it's hyper
00:09:58
activated
00:09:59
it's hyperactivated particular to
00:10:01
explosions which in war meant what I a
00:10:03
DS rocket-propelled grenades mortars
00:10:06
blood guts death body parts here's the
00:10:11
second key point about this primitive
00:10:12
animal brain number one it doesn't
00:10:13
understand geography number two it's
00:10:17
faster than the thinking brain the
00:10:20
animal brain actually is physiologically
00:10:23
wired to respond faster than the
00:10:25
thinking brain so before the soldier can
00:10:28
take that soldier was fireworks that
00:10:30
explosion was fireworks boom he's on the
00:10:34
ground diving for cover you know about
00:10:35
the time he hits the ground he's going
00:10:36
on like god I feel like a jerk down here
00:10:38
you know because everybody else is up
00:10:40
cheering and he's on the ground ok but
00:10:43
it was a non thinking response you know
00:10:45
non thinking response triggered by the
00:10:48
animal brain which is wired to respond
00:10:50
faster when you think about it from a
00:10:52
survival perspective a survival
00:10:55
perspective the faster we react the more
00:10:57
likely you are to survive so indeed
00:10:59
through an evolutionary period you know
00:11:02
the human species has been around about
00:11:03
300,000 years but for 300 million years
00:11:07
we have had animals have had a
00:11:09
fight-or-flight reaction I don't know
00:11:12
who figures this stuff out but that's
00:11:14
what it says in the biological books 300
00:11:17
million years of a fight-or-flight you
00:11:19
know the faster they react the more
00:11:22
likely they are to survive the animal
00:11:24
brain is not very smart
00:11:25
it's fast it's fast the more the quicker
00:11:28
you respond to dangerous threatening
00:11:29
situations the more likely you ought to
00:11:31
survive a child that grows up in an
00:11:34
abused environment you could take them
00:11:35
out of that home right and put them
00:11:37
somewhere else but if he's experienced
00:11:39
he or she has experienced significant
00:11:41
abuse in that home that abuse is
00:11:44
impacted their arousal system their
00:11:46
primitive animal brain no matter how
00:11:47
much in their cortical brain they may
00:11:49
want to overcome that they are still
00:11:51
reacting to situations programmed in
00:11:54
that primitive animal brain but you
00:11:56
can't change by thinking any more than
00:11:59
you can change your heartbeat your blood
00:12:00
pressure okay eat and hold your food
00:12:02
your belly for four hours before you
00:12:04
digest it so let me talk a little bit
00:12:08
about irritability okay
00:12:10
so there was a man and wife or at home
00:12:12
and the wife asked her husband
00:12:14
honey can you take out the trash for me
00:12:15
sure maybe no problem I'll take out the
00:12:17
garbage so the man he gets up took out
00:12:19
the garbage did a good job cleaned up
00:12:21
everything a nice came back in the house
00:12:22
that down job done now meanwhile his
00:12:25
wife walked off into another room and
00:12:28
their two little children the two little
00:12:30
children had spilt chocolate milk all
00:12:31
over this beautiful brand-new white sofa
00:12:35
she was angry now she's got this new
00:12:37
sofa with big nasty stains on it she's
00:12:40
not happy okay why they look these kids
00:12:43
to break chocolate milk in here why did
00:12:44
I get a white sofa my relatives are
00:12:46
coming to visit I got this nasty stain
00:12:48
on here boy is she angry she's not mad
00:12:51
at her husband okay but she comes back
00:12:54
to her husband with a me angry look on
00:12:56
her face okay
00:12:57
and now our husbands in a maybe fatigued
00:13:00
stressed-out with you know stuff going
00:13:04
on at work or whatever you know not
00:13:07
particularly a great mood she comes back
00:13:09
to him now and she got a angry look on
00:13:11
her face and she goes did you take off
00:13:12
that trash like I asked you yeah he
00:13:15
starts cursing his way
00:13:17
yelling at her Wow well what happened
00:13:23
well how did she go how did she approach
00:13:25
her husband aggressive hostile angry
00:13:28
what's the fastest part of the brain to
00:13:31
respond to sensory information coming in
00:13:33
his angry face and angry tone of voice
00:13:34
the fastest part of the brain that
00:13:36
respond is what the primitive animal
00:13:37
brain in order for that man to recognize
00:13:40
hey that's my wife talking about the
00:13:41
garbage
00:13:42
he needs his memory in his cortex to
00:13:43
recognize his wife and to recognize the
00:13:47
English language did you take out the
00:13:49
garbage so when he responded he didn't
00:13:52
respond to his wife he responded to the
00:13:54
aggressive tone of voice and the
00:13:56
aggressive face that she presented now
00:13:59
of course when he yells at his wife she
00:14:01
don't like that okay so she barks at him
00:14:04
and he barks back at her and now they're
00:14:06
in a big argument over nonsense over
00:14:09
nonsense
00:14:10
they made a their intelligent thinking
00:14:12
human brains made a decision hey I love
00:14:14
you baby let's get married and live
00:14:16
happily ever after
00:14:17
let's have a wonderful life together
00:14:19
your awesome husband daddy but now in
00:14:26
the heat of the moment that intelligent
00:14:27
decision and the primitive animal brain
00:14:31
is reacted and gotten him into a
00:14:32
situation that they're intelligent
00:14:34
thinking brain never would have never
00:14:36
would have when when the brain is hyper
00:14:40
aroused if it's stressed out you know
00:14:42
certainly this is a situation that I see
00:14:44
in in in military personnel who have
00:14:47
been involved in combat but you know
00:14:49
everybody gets stressed out you know
00:14:51
bills family relations neighbors making
00:14:54
too much noise or whatever okay that
00:14:57
hyper arousal that primitive animal
00:14:59
brain is pumping out stress hormones
00:15:02
interfering with sleep keeping you up it
00:15:07
can hijack a memory because as you're
00:15:09
thinking of all the stress even
00:15:11
unconsciously remember I'm not talking
00:15:13
about the conscious brain where you're
00:15:14
thinking and plotting and using your
00:15:16
cortex and probably a hyper arousal the
00:15:18
animal brain that's been stimulated by
00:15:20
some type of stuff okay could be trauma
00:15:24
could be just day-to-day stuff that's
00:15:26
accumulating and hard to manage but the
00:15:29
stress hormones get released
00:15:30
it activates that part of the brain and
00:15:33
memory becomes difficult because
00:15:35
concentration and attention it's not
00:15:37
that the memory storage and recall is
00:15:39
problematic 'since the attention is
00:15:41
being diverted to all this other stuff
00:15:43
ok the stress factors for example I'll
00:15:47
have a lot of soldiers will tell me they
00:15:48
have memory problems I was talking to a
00:15:50
guy once in my office and we had started
00:15:52
having a sports conversation and we get
00:15:55
up and walking down the hall and I'm
00:15:56
talking about
00:15:56
you know the topic that we had been
00:15:59
speaking about we got to the end that
00:16:01
Holly goes doc and I told you my memory
00:16:02
sucks I don't remember anything he just
00:16:04
said well what happened was when I
00:16:08
opened up the door we retrace our steps
00:16:09
to analyze this so when I opened up the
00:16:11
door he saw other doors in the hallway
00:16:14
and started thinking who's in those
00:16:15
rooms what kind of weapons they got in
00:16:16
there whose footsteps are those coming
00:16:18
down to connect me hauling one of the
00:16:19
guys a grenade what are we gonna do it's
00:16:20
about time we got to the end of the hall
00:16:22
he wasn't he didn't forget what I said
00:16:24
he never heard it because his primitive
00:16:26
animal brain was hyper aroused so what
00:16:31
are we gonna do about it you know I mean
00:16:33
as a neuroscientist I went back to
00:16:35
school later in life I became a
00:16:36
physician and I have been fascinated
00:16:40
being a brain mechanic that's kind of
00:16:43
what I consider myself to be I'm not a
00:16:44
behavioral health psychiatrist or
00:16:45
anybody that deals with move depression
00:16:47
and all this kind of stuff but what I
00:16:49
love is the way the brain operates is a
00:16:50
machine the most complex machine in the
00:16:52
entire universe and what is really
00:16:55
amazing to me is we got this part of the
00:16:56
brain it's reacting before we think and
00:16:58
triggering hormonal releases and
00:17:00
consequently behaviors that really take
00:17:04
us in situations that we don't
00:17:05
necessarily want when we look back well
00:17:07
why did I do that during the day the
00:17:09
brain is constantly generating ideas
00:17:11
constantly generating thoughts it goes
00:17:15
back to that you know I like to think
00:17:17
about in terms of ontology you know
00:17:19
Descartes 1650 said there I think
00:17:22
therefore I am
00:17:24
how did he define his being I think
00:17:26
therefore I am
00:17:29
fast forward to the 1950s French
00:17:32
existentialist jean-paul Sartre was
00:17:35
concerned not that I think therefore I
00:17:38
am but I am the person that sees my
00:17:40
thoughts thoughts may happen but they're
00:17:43
generated
00:17:44
spontaneously by the brain they're not
00:17:46
necessarily who you are you are the
00:17:47
person that sees those thoughts I love
00:17:51
that definition because that's the
00:17:52
cortex of the brain that I want to
00:17:54
amplify I want to magnify when you use
00:17:56
that cortex to determine in my life how
00:17:58
I live my life what I do I can see
00:18:01
thoughts coming into my head you know
00:18:03
maybe getting emotional about stuff
00:18:05
angry about somebody challenging me or
00:18:08
cutting me off on the road or or
00:18:11
something that's challenging but it's
00:18:12
always good to stop for me I stop to
00:18:14
think wow feel my reaction to it is not
00:18:17
necessarily what I want to happen here
00:18:19
what I want to happen I can control I
00:18:21
can do with my cortex I still react is
00:18:24
that brain that primitive brain reacts
00:18:27
so in my experience both in the working
00:18:30
for I've been working for the for the
00:18:32
army for about almost seven years now
00:18:34
and you know been a brain injury doubt
00:18:38
for a few years more than that I see a
00:18:41
lot of folks in this status who end up
00:18:43
going to doctors and they get headache
00:18:46
medications prophylactic and a board of
00:18:48
therapies they get sleep meds which
00:18:50
don't work they get mood medications
00:18:53
they get pain meds okay you know oh let
00:18:57
me talk about one more thing I forgot so
00:18:58
stress right when you're always walking
00:19:01
wrong all these muscles are tightening
00:19:04
up you know you're walking around neck
00:19:06
the sore back is sore you know this is
00:19:09
this is pain being generated by stress
00:19:12
you know with headache headache
00:19:13
generation particular attention and then
00:19:15
migraine headaches neck muscles being
00:19:17
tight for that you know from stress
00:19:20
pretty much every soldier that I see
00:19:22
it's been the war has this going on so
00:19:25
is is a solution to give them headache
00:19:28
meds to fix the headache or do we get to
00:19:30
the cause of the problem let's get to
00:19:32
the cause of the problem this isn't
00:19:33
rocket science
00:19:34
okay a person's stressed it changes the
00:19:37
way their body is operating because of
00:19:39
these stress hormones being activated so
00:19:40
we can do things to reduce the stress
00:19:44
you don't need so long well I mean I'm
00:19:46
not talking about psychiatric patients
00:19:48
need medications but I'm talking about
00:19:50
just cases where there's a clear-cut
00:19:52
cause of hyper arousal hyper stress
00:19:56
okay where this physical symptoms are
00:19:59
being generated not by abnormalities in
00:20:02
the brain but by a set of circumstances
00:20:04
that is arousing the primitive animal
00:20:07
brain to create stress hormones and
00:20:09
activation of this thing we call stress
00:20:11
so what we do when we treat the men and
00:20:15
women who have gone to war is try to get
00:20:18
to a solution okay so how do we treat
00:20:21
headaches send them to a physical
00:20:23
therapist they learn a stretching
00:20:24
program they get devices heating devices
00:20:27
massage devices to loosen up the muscles
00:20:30
lower the tension that's triggering the
00:20:31
headaches learn sleep hygiene learn
00:20:34
relaxation techniques okay we have yoga
00:20:37
classes okay we teach meditation
00:20:40
meditation has been an amazing tool
00:20:43
you know meditation relaxes the brain
00:20:46
what happens physical symptoms get
00:20:48
better headaches memory sleep mood
00:20:51
issues all are improving exercise
00:20:54
physical exercises we one I'm probably
00:20:56
the biggest advocate of okay we have
00:20:59
many many patients who are on profiles
00:21:01
meaning they're not allowed to exercise
00:21:03
at normal high level of military so we
00:21:09
use these programs to really help the
00:21:12
soldiers decrease their stress level and
00:21:14
go to an organic holistic solution
00:21:18
rather than using the pharmaceutical
00:21:20
products which of course have
00:21:21
significant side effects so I leave you
00:21:25
with the message of considering in your
00:21:27
own lives how the your primitive animal
00:21:30
brain reacts to situations triggering
00:21:32
actions and urge you to consider
00:21:36
alternatives to the pharmaceutical
00:21:38
industry I am about to demonstrate
00:21:41
something that I do for relaxation
00:21:43
before I was a physician I was a
00:21:46
professional guitar player for many
00:21:47
years and I'm about to plug in this
00:21:49
beautiful Gibson Les Paul over here and
00:21:51
do a little I'm gonna do this as a
00:21:55
tribute to the men and women that have
00:21:57
served in military I've had an amazing
00:21:58
opportunity in my life to not only be a
00:22:00
professional musician but to go to
00:22:02
medical school and become a doctor in my
00:22:04
40s because I live in this amazing
00:22:06
country called the United States and
00:22:09
play this for all the veterans and
00:22:11
current active-duty soldiers and people
00:22:13
involved with the military who have
00:22:14
allowed me to have the freedom to live
00:22:16
this crazy life that I've had so thank
00:22:18
you and this is gonna be for you okay
00:22:29
let it rip
00:22:34
[Music]
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[Applause]
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[Applause]
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[Music]
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[Applause]
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[Music]
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[Music]
