Definition of “Nano" and "Nanotechnology"/@nanotechnology5364 /@nanogenixtech

00:18:50
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDnzI05vvSc

Resumo

TLDRIn this introductory lecture on nanoscience and nanotechnology, Dr. Purvey Zamath explains the fundamental concept of 'nano', denoting one billionth or 10^-9 of a unit. He emphasizes how this prefix can be applied to measurements such as meters (nanometers), grams (nanograms), and seconds (nanoseconds). The lecture relates the nanoscale to everyday objects, particularly human hair, which has a diameter in the order of nanometers. It defines nanotechnology as the study and application of materials at the nanoscale, highlighting its multi-disciplinary nature, which combines physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. Dr. Zamath outlines two main approaches to creating nanomaterials: the top-down approach, which involves breaking larger pieces into nanoscale sizes, and the bottom-up approach, involving the assembly of atoms into nanoscale structures. The lecture concludes with an invitation to explore why nanotechnology is significant in future lectures.

Conclusões

  • 🔍 'Nano' means one billionth (10^-9)
  • 📏 Nanometers are extremely small units (1 billionth of a meter)
  • 👩‍🔬 Nanotechnology combines various scientific disciplines
  • ✂️ Top-down approach starts with larger materials and cuts them down
  • ⬆️ Bottom-up approach builds materials from atoms
  • 👩‍⚕️ Human hair diameter is approximately 100,000 nanometers
  • 📦 Nanomaterials require at least one dimension between 1-100 nanometers
  • 🔬 Nanotechnology is important for various scientific applications
  • 🌱 Understanding nanoscale can lead to innovations
  • 📚 Next lecture will discuss why nanotechnology is interesting.

Linha do tempo

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    In the first lecture of the course, Dr. Purvey Zamath introduces the basic concept of 'nano' as a prefix meaning one billionth (10^-9). He explains how this prefix applies to various units, such as meters, grams, and seconds, demonstrating that a nanometer equals one billionth of a meter and a nanogram equals one billionth of a gram. He also discusses the scale of nanotechnology, comparing it to the diameter of human hair, which is roughly 10,000 nanometers wide.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    Continuing the exploration of scales, Dr. Zamath highlights the conversion between common measurement units, explaining how one meter corresponds to 1 billion nanometers. The lecture covers the progression from larger measurements, like meters and centimeters, to nano-level measurements, establishing that nanotechnology involves the scale from 10^-9 to 10^-7 meters. He defines nanotechnology as an application of science that focuses on designing and utilizing materials and devices at these nanoscale dimensions, emphasizing its interdisciplinary nature.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:18:50

    The lecture further distinguishes between two main approaches to creating nanomaterials: the top-down method, which reduces a larger object to a nanoscale size, and the bottom-up method, which builds materials atom by atom. Dr. Zamath illustrates these concepts with everyday examples of nanoscale materials, such as carbon nanotubes and buckyballs, concluding with an invitation to the next lecture, which will delve into why nanotechnology is of significant interest.

Mapa mental

Vídeo de perguntas e respostas

  • What does 'nano' mean?

    'Nano' means one billionth (10^-9) of a unit.

  • What is nanotechnology?

    Nanotechnology is a field of applied science focused on the design, formation, identification, and application of materials and devices at the nanoscale.

  • What are the two methods for synthesizing nanomaterials?

    The two methods are top-down (breaking down larger materials) and bottom-up (building from atoms).

  • What is an example of a nanoscale object?

    The diameter of a human hair ranges from approximately 60 to 120 micrometers, and this scale can be compared with nanoscales.

  • Why is nanotechnology important?

    Nanotechnology allows the manipulation and application of materials at a very small scale, enabling advancements in various scientific fields.

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Rolagem automática:
  • 00:00:11
    hello dear students welcome to a very
  • 00:00:14
    special course on introduction to
  • 00:00:16
    nanoscience and nanotechnology i am
  • 00:00:18
    doctor purvey zamath and this is the
  • 00:00:20
    first lecture of the course
  • 00:00:22
    so in this first lecture uh we will
  • 00:00:25
    start uh from the very basic definitions
  • 00:00:29
    of the nano
  • 00:00:30
    so let's proceed towards today's lecture
  • 00:00:34
    so whenever we heard the word nano so we
  • 00:00:39
    have the question in mind that what is
  • 00:00:41
    mean
  • 00:00:42
    nano so be remember
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    the word nano mean
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    one billionth i mean nano by itself is
  • 00:00:50
    nothing but it's actually the free facts
  • 00:00:53
    and this pre-packs mean 10 raised to the
  • 00:00:56
    power
  • 00:00:57
    9 so whatever you uh you attach i mean
  • 00:01:01
    you attach gram you attach a meter or
  • 00:01:04
    you attach anything else uh after the
  • 00:01:07
    nano so it would mean uh 10 raised to
  • 00:01:10
    power and -9 of that particular thing so
  • 00:01:14
    if you let's suppose if you want to
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    attach meter
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    uh after nano are you put a prefix nano
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    before the meter so it will mean uh
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    nanometers so if you teach gram
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    uh after the nano so it would means uh
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    nanogram and so on so what actually nano
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    nanometer means a nanometer means one
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    billionth of amp meters so just like
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    that after you put some things else i
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    mean instead of meter you put a gram so
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    it would mean nanograms a nanogram would
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    mean one billionth of a gram similarly
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    if you put i means
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    second i mean that is for the time and
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    you say that you have instead of meter
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    you say you have
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    nanoseconds so nanosecond would mean one
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    billionth of a
  • 00:02:03
    meter so in scientific terms i mean
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    you want to have uh the scales of nano
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    in term of
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    scientific terminologies for example in
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    science we have
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    uh i mean
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    we have human hair
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    so if we refer
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    the length scale that that of nano in
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    term of a human hair
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    so a human hair has the diameters as
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    small as
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    10 000 nanometer so that's how
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    scientifically you relates the length of
  • 00:02:37
    a human hair and it is this is the
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    typical
  • 00:02:40
    uh same image of the human hair so this
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    is the brief introductions of a nano so
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    let me let me uh try it again
  • 00:02:50
    let me repeat it again what is mean by
  • 00:02:53
    nano uh nano by itself is a basically a
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    prefix uh which means uh one billionth
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    so this prefix furth
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    is with a meter so it would mean
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    nanometer and nanometer mean one billion
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    up a meter similarly if you would take
  • 00:03:12
    that pre-packs with the uh
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    with the times unit that is cycling so
  • 00:03:18
    it would mean nanosecond in nanosecond
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    would mean
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    one billionth of a second if you would
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    take that with a gram so it would mean a
  • 00:03:27
    nanogram in nanogram would mean one
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    billionth of a
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    gram and scientifically if you you
  • 00:03:32
    utilize uh the term nano and you want to
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    admire something uh that is well known
  • 00:03:38
    to you for example the human hair so uh
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    the diameter of human hair is equal to
  • 00:03:44
    10 000 uh nanometers so let's be a more
  • 00:03:48
    a bit more specific about the nano so
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    for that you can consider the example of
  • 00:03:54
    a child you can see it here in this
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    particular figure so here you can see
  • 00:03:59
    that this child uh
  • 00:04:01
    at height the height of this child is
  • 00:04:04
    about
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    uh
  • 00:04:06
    one meter
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    and if you consider
  • 00:04:09
    if you put that one
  • 00:04:11
    uh meter and two
  • 00:04:13
    nanometer so it would equal to 1 billion
  • 00:04:16
    nanometers i mean that is how you
  • 00:04:19
    convert the scale i mean you're already
  • 00:04:20
    familiar with the convergence of the
  • 00:04:23
    scales and your basic class i mean while
  • 00:04:26
    you were doing your matriculation so you
  • 00:04:28
    are familiar with the uh si system
  • 00:04:32
    uh and you also know that how to convert
  • 00:04:35
    uh the scales uh amines and different
  • 00:04:37
    multiples so uh i mean one meter height
  • 00:04:41
    of this child if you convert that into a
  • 00:04:44
    scale of nano so it would be equal to
  • 00:04:47
    uh one billion nanometers so there uh
  • 00:04:51
    here you can see
  • 00:04:52
    uh a typical ruler
  • 00:04:55
    and this ruler you can see that you can
  • 00:04:57
    start it here from
  • 00:04:58
    one meter which we took it here for
  • 00:05:02
    uh the the height of a head so one meter
  • 00:05:07
    is basically equal to uh one billionth
  • 00:05:10
    nanometer
  • 00:05:11
    and here if we just want to put that in
  • 00:05:14
    a power of 10
  • 00:05:16
    so here you can see that uh one meter is
  • 00:05:19
    equal to uh 10 raised to power 0 meter
  • 00:05:22
    and then uh you have 10 centimeters so
  • 00:05:26
    10 centimeter is equal to 10 raised to
  • 00:05:28
    power minus 1 meter
  • 00:05:30
    and if you proceed again toward the
  • 00:05:33
    smaller one that is one centimeter so
  • 00:05:35
    one centimeter is 10 raised to power
  • 00:05:37
    minus 2 meter
  • 00:05:39
    and again
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    you're proceeding towards the smallest
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    uh so 1 millimeter 1 millimeter 10 is to
  • 00:05:46
    power minus 3 meter
  • 00:05:48
    then you have 100 micrometer and that is
  • 00:05:51
    equal to 10 raised to power minus 4
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    meter then you have
  • 00:05:55
    uh 10 micrometers and 10 micrometers is
  • 00:05:58
    equal to 10 raised to power minus 5
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    meters then 1 micrometers and 1
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    micrometer that is equal to 10 raised to
  • 00:06:06
    the power minus x then 100 nanometers
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    and 100 nanometer is equal to 10 raised
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    to the power minus
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    7 meters
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    then 10 raised
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    10 nanometers and 10 nanometer is equal
  • 00:06:18
    to 10 raised to power minus 8
  • 00:06:21
    meters
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    and then we have one nanometer and one
  • 00:06:25
    nanometer is equal to 10 raised to power
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    minus 9 meters
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    and if we proceed toward further smaller
  • 00:06:32
    length that is up to 0.1 nanometers so
  • 00:06:36
    that is equal to 10 raised to power
  • 00:06:38
    minus 10 meter which is the diameter of
  • 00:06:41
    a hydrogen
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    atom so that is how you proceed from
  • 00:06:45
    bigger
  • 00:06:46
    towards the smallest i mean you start
  • 00:06:48
    from the height of a kid and you proceed
  • 00:06:51
    towards the diameter of the atom and
  • 00:06:54
    that is how you you observe that how the
  • 00:06:57
    length scale uh i mean it's changes from
  • 00:07:00
    a bigger one to uh the smallest one and
  • 00:07:04
    if you consider for uh the nano that
  • 00:07:06
    that that we could consider further in
  • 00:07:08
    this lecture
  • 00:07:10
    nano now basically whenever we refer to
  • 00:07:12
    a narrow something uh which we call the
  • 00:07:15
    nano so that will basically lie between
  • 00:07:18
    range from
  • 00:07:19
    this one i mean from this particular
  • 00:07:22
    point uh up to this particular scale
  • 00:07:24
    that is if something has uh a length and
  • 00:07:28
    between the scale that is from 10 raised
  • 00:07:31
    to the power -7 to 10 raised to power
  • 00:07:33
    minus 9 meter uh
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    so that we will call that lies in the
  • 00:07:38
    nano but that is necessary for uh i mean
  • 00:07:42
    for an object which should have at least
  • 00:07:45
    one dimension in this particular region
  • 00:07:47
    so we will call that as a nano object or
  • 00:07:51
    we will call that an
  • 00:07:53
    nano events or we will call that uh a
  • 00:07:56
    nano uh quantity are
  • 00:08:00
    nano things
  • 00:08:02
    so what is nano technology so let's we
  • 00:08:05
    have a formal definitions for uh the
  • 00:08:08
    nano technology uh you already know
  • 00:08:10
    about the technology that what
  • 00:08:12
    technology is you mean that's the
  • 00:08:14
    techniques uh i means uh and the best of
  • 00:08:17
    the knowledge trying to do something to
  • 00:08:19
    develop something i mean normally you
  • 00:08:22
    you are really familiar with the with
  • 00:08:24
    the term uh technology
  • 00:08:26
    so uh when we have the prefix uh nano
  • 00:08:29
    before the technology so again the
  • 00:08:32
    definitions uh it had a bit change
  • 00:08:35
    so uh how we have the proper definitions
  • 00:08:37
    or we can say that a formal definitions
  • 00:08:40
    for the nanotechnology so the problem
  • 00:08:43
    definition for the nanotechnology will
  • 00:08:45
    look like this
  • 00:08:46
    uh that uh it's a field of applied
  • 00:08:49
    science
  • 00:08:50
    uh in which we focused on designs
  • 00:08:54
    formations
  • 00:08:55
    identifications
  • 00:08:57
    and applications of materials and
  • 00:09:00
    devices on the nano scales i mean this
  • 00:09:03
    this is the thing which we should have
  • 00:09:06
    i mean the above from here up to this
  • 00:09:09
    point i mean this this is the general
  • 00:09:11
    definition for uh the technology i mean
  • 00:09:14
    so whenever you heard the words
  • 00:09:16
    technology so a technology you means i
  • 00:09:19
    feel like applied design focus on
  • 00:09:20
    designs formation identifications
  • 00:09:23
    and application and application of
  • 00:09:26
    materials and devices i mean to this
  • 00:09:29
    accents we have this as a definitions
  • 00:09:31
    for
  • 00:09:32
    are the technology
  • 00:09:34
    but uh if you proceed further that is we
  • 00:09:37
    saying that on the nanoscale
  • 00:09:40
    so
  • 00:09:41
    then the technology is converted into
  • 00:09:44
    nanotechnology so what actually it means
  • 00:09:48
    uh what is mean by nanotechnology and
  • 00:09:52
    nanotechnologies mean that something
  • 00:09:55
    or
  • 00:09:57
    some event or some applications we want
  • 00:10:00
    to try at a nanoscale that is uh between
  • 00:10:04
    uh one two hundred nanometers i mean
  • 00:10:07
    whatever we trying to do or whatever we
  • 00:10:10
    we intend to do
  • 00:10:11
    in a smaller scale with at least one
  • 00:10:14
    dimension in the range of one two
  • 00:10:15
    hundred nanometers so we call that uh we
  • 00:10:19
    call that it lies in the field of
  • 00:10:22
    nanotechnology and we remember here we
  • 00:10:25
    have one thing that is a field of
  • 00:10:27
    applied science i mean we have the
  • 00:10:29
    sciences like we have biology uh we have
  • 00:10:33
    chemistry we have physics i mean
  • 00:10:36
    all of these that that there are
  • 00:10:37
    sciences but out of these sciences some
  • 00:10:40
    of the sciences i mean uh these are
  • 00:10:42
    those uh where can be which can be
  • 00:10:45
    applied in a practical life so here uh
  • 00:10:48
    nanotechnology is basically the applied
  • 00:10:51
    field of science and we remember later
  • 00:10:54
    on we will define it in full detail
  • 00:10:56
    that nanotechnology it counts
  • 00:10:59
    all the uh the science is here i mean
  • 00:11:02
    it's uh it's combined the physics with
  • 00:11:04
    biology uh it combined chemistry with
  • 00:11:08
    the physics uh
  • 00:11:09
    it combined computer science with the
  • 00:11:11
    physics and so on uh in short for we can
  • 00:11:14
    say that it's a multi-disciplinary field
  • 00:11:16
    i mean where we unite all the field and
  • 00:11:19
    to a single field i mean by itself since
  • 00:11:22
    simply we can say that
  • 00:11:24
    uh nanotechnology by itself
  • 00:11:27
    it's not a new field it's basically a
  • 00:11:29
    field that is the combinations of all
  • 00:11:33
    the other fields i mean it's include
  • 00:11:35
    physics it's include chemistry include
  • 00:11:37
    biology it can include computer science
  • 00:11:40
    it includes engineering and even in some
  • 00:11:44
    action we can say that it also include
  • 00:11:46
    the fine arts so uh this is something uh
  • 00:11:49
    informally you have about the
  • 00:11:50
    nanotechnology so that is what is
  • 00:11:53
    nanotechnology all the technology that
  • 00:11:56
    we want to develop or we want to do or
  • 00:11:58
    we want to accelerate or we want to
  • 00:12:00
    focus
  • 00:12:01
    uh
  • 00:12:02
    at a nanoscale so
  • 00:12:04
    uh that massively means
  • 00:12:06
    nanotechnology i mean the technology
  • 00:12:10
    that you want to do or you want to apply
  • 00:12:12
    or you want to develop at the nano scale
  • 00:12:15
    so we call that
  • 00:12:17
    nano technology so the only difference
  • 00:12:21
    is the scale
  • 00:12:24
    so now we have the questions
  • 00:12:27
    that uh we define nanotechnology
  • 00:12:31
    we mentioned uh some important fact
  • 00:12:33
    about nanotechnology
  • 00:12:36
    and we also mentioned about
  • 00:12:38
    that what actually the materials that we
  • 00:12:40
    call
  • 00:12:41
    nanomaterials are
  • 00:12:43
    so now the question is that how we can
  • 00:12:46
    make the nanomaterial or how we can
  • 00:12:49
    synthesize the nanomaterials or in short
  • 00:12:52
    terms what are the methods of making the
  • 00:12:55
    nanomaterials or the nanoparticles so
  • 00:13:00
    we basically have two big approaches the
  • 00:13:02
    first one is called the top down
  • 00:13:05
    are the top-down methods so what
  • 00:13:08
    actually we if we do in this methods uh
  • 00:13:10
    in this technique normally we have uh
  • 00:13:13
    some uh a big object or we have a heavy
  • 00:13:17
    object and that heavy object or big size
  • 00:13:20
    object we cut it into smaller and
  • 00:13:24
    smaller pieces until we reach to the
  • 00:13:27
    nanoscale region or we we reach to the
  • 00:13:30
    nanoscale uh dimensions so that is
  • 00:13:33
    called top down
  • 00:13:35
    approach i mean we we get the thing and
  • 00:13:38
    a bigger size and a bulk i mean a larger
  • 00:13:41
    size and we cut it down to a smaller
  • 00:13:43
    scale and then we have another approach
  • 00:13:46
    which is called bottom up so what is
  • 00:13:48
    mean by the bottom up uh bottom up mean
  • 00:13:51
    that
  • 00:13:52
    we have atoms and these atoms we put
  • 00:13:54
    together
  • 00:13:56
    one by ones until we reach to
  • 00:13:58
    uh the nanoscale dimension that is we
  • 00:14:02
    develop the bigger object by
  • 00:14:04
    combinations of the atom i mean we put
  • 00:14:06
    the atom
  • 00:14:08
    side by side until we reach the
  • 00:14:11
    dimension between 1 to 100 nanometers
  • 00:14:13
    and we remember for the nano materials
  • 00:14:16
    uh i mean it's it's compulsory that they
  • 00:14:18
    should have at least one dimension in
  • 00:14:20
    the range of uh 1 to 100 nanometer so uh
  • 00:14:25
    what we have in short in short
  • 00:14:28
    if we have a big object and we cut that
  • 00:14:30
    into pieces to bring it into nanoscale
  • 00:14:33
    regions so that particular method is
  • 00:14:35
    called top-down methods
  • 00:14:38
    and
  • 00:14:39
    bottom-up approach our bottom-up
  • 00:14:41
    technique is the one in which we combine
  • 00:14:44
    atoms side by side uh we want to grow a
  • 00:14:47
    materials from a smaller scales until we
  • 00:14:50
    reach to
  • 00:14:52
    the nano scales
  • 00:14:53
    dimensions so that technique
  • 00:14:56
    where we put atom side by side and grow
  • 00:14:59
    a bigger size material so that it can
  • 00:15:02
    lie in the range of 100 nanometer
  • 00:15:05
    uh with at least one dimensions
  • 00:15:07
    in that particular
  • 00:15:10
    range uh we call that a bottom up
  • 00:15:13
    approach i mean we are we are growing
  • 00:15:15
    the material from the atomic scale and
  • 00:15:19
    the top-down approach mean that we are
  • 00:15:22
    we are cutting down the material from a
  • 00:15:24
    bigger size to the nanoscale region so
  • 00:15:27
    these are the two basic techniques for
  • 00:15:29
    the growth of
  • 00:15:31
    the nanomaterials
  • 00:15:33
    so here you are in this particular
  • 00:15:36
    figure you can see a lot of example
  • 00:15:38
    everyday life example
  • 00:15:40
    of nanoscale things or nanoscale
  • 00:15:43
    materials i mean here you can see uh
  • 00:15:46
    the scale of nano things are nanometer
  • 00:15:49
    and more i mean here you can see that
  • 00:15:52
    it's a dust mite and dust mite you can
  • 00:15:54
    see that the scale is uh 200 micrometers
  • 00:15:58
    and here you say we have an end and this
  • 00:16:01
    is the feed the feet of an and and you
  • 00:16:03
    you see here is almost approximately 5
  • 00:16:08
    micrometers
  • 00:16:09
    and here you can see human here human
  • 00:16:11
    hair has a diameter
  • 00:16:13
    in the range of approximately 60 to 120
  • 00:16:17
    micrometers
  • 00:16:19
    apply ash apply ash is approximately
  • 00:16:22
    from 10 to 20 micrometer
  • 00:16:25
    red blood cell is approximately from
  • 00:16:28
    seven to eight micrometer i mean here
  • 00:16:30
    you can see different object
  • 00:16:32
    and on this side you can see as well
  • 00:16:34
    a head have a pen that is from one to
  • 00:16:37
    two millimeters
  • 00:16:39
    i mean against here there there are so
  • 00:16:41
    many things uh and you can see here
  • 00:16:44
    uh the scale as well
  • 00:16:46
    this is the same self-assembled
  • 00:16:50
    natural inspired structures
  • 00:16:53
    that is how many tens of nanometers
  • 00:16:56
    and here you can see nanotubes nanotubes
  • 00:16:59
    of the electrode that i mean the
  • 00:17:00
    well-known nanomaterials that we call
  • 00:17:03
    carbon nanotubes so carbon nanotubes can
  • 00:17:06
    have a diameter approximately 1.3
  • 00:17:09
    nanometers i mean they can have smaller
  • 00:17:12
    you can grow
  • 00:17:14
    nanomaterials i mean the well-known
  • 00:17:16
    nanomaterials the carbon nanotubes you
  • 00:17:18
    can grow that in the laboratory and they
  • 00:17:21
    can have a typical size are the
  • 00:17:23
    diameters uh that's that that lie in the
  • 00:17:26
    range of approximately
  • 00:17:28
    1.3 nanometer similarly you can have uh
  • 00:17:32
    buckyball buckyball is also one can of
  • 00:17:36
    carbon nanomaterials very famous carbon
  • 00:17:38
    nanomaterials and buckyball can have a
  • 00:17:41
    diameter approximately one
  • 00:17:44
    nanometer so just like that you have
  • 00:17:46
    many many narrow materials that we will
  • 00:17:49
    discuss in the coming lecture
  • 00:17:52
    so i think this is all we have uh for
  • 00:17:55
    this lecture i mean it's somehow a short
  • 00:17:59
    introductions of the term
  • 00:18:01
    nano so you have to stay tuned with the
  • 00:18:03
    next lecture
  • 00:18:05
    that should be the next the next lecture
  • 00:18:07
    will be lecture number two and that
  • 00:18:08
    lectures uh we will further explain the
  • 00:18:12
    term nano
  • 00:18:13
    and we will try to explain
  • 00:18:15
    that why
  • 00:18:17
    nano is interesting i mean that is that
  • 00:18:20
    that will be the key theme of the next
  • 00:18:22
    lecture i mean in the first lecture we
  • 00:18:26
    just explained
  • 00:18:28
    the meaning of the nano now in the
  • 00:18:30
    coming lecture that is lecture number
  • 00:18:32
    two in that lecture we will explain why
  • 00:18:35
    nano is interesting
  • 00:18:37
    i mean why we are taking so much and
  • 00:18:40
    trust in the nano so that will be the
  • 00:18:42
    key theme of the next lecture so stay
  • 00:18:45
    tuned with the next lecture till then
  • 00:18:47
    bye bye
Etiquetas
  • nanoscience
  • nanotechnology
  • nano
  • nanometer
  • nanogram
  • nanosecond
  • top-down
  • bottom-up
  • nanoscale
  • materials science