Late Medieval Early Ren Northern Europe Printmaking

00:04:20
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3jvaoNSbkk

Resumo

TLDRThe video covers the development of graphic arts and printmaking, highlighting the invention of the Gutenberg Press in 1445, which revolutionized book production. It discusses two key printing techniques: woodcut and engraving. The woodcut method, a relief technique, produces coarse imagery from carved wooden blocks, whereas the engraving technique is an intaglio method that achieves fine detail through incised metal plates. The video also explains the measurement methods of hatching and cross-hatching used in engraving to create depth.

Conclusões

  • 📅 1445 marks the invention of the Gutenberg Press.
  • 📖 Books became more affordable after the movable type press.
  • 🌲 Woodcut is a relief method print technique.
  • 🖊️ Engraving offers finer detail than woodcut.
  • 🛠️ Woodcut uses carved wooden blocks.
  • 🔩 Engraving involves incising metal plates.
  • 💡 Hatching creates shadows in engravings.
  • ✨ Cross-hatching enhances areas of darkness.

Linha do tempo

  • 00:00:00 - 00:04:20

    The document discusses the evolution of graphic arts and printmaking, particularly highlighting the significance of the Gutenberg Press, invented in 1445. This innovation of movable type revolutionized communication and art by making books more accessible and affordable compared to earlier illuminated manuscripts which were labor-intensive to produce. The narrative then introduces two major printmaking techniques used for illustrating books: woodcut and engraving. Woodcut, a relief method, involves carving wood so that the uncarved raised areas are printed. This technique often results in coarse, thick lines. In contrast, engraving is an intaglio method where designs are incised into a metal plate, allowing for finer, detailed prints. The engraving process includes the use of hatching and cross-hatching to create depth and shadow in the images, resulting in a more refined appearance.

Mapa mental

Vídeo de perguntas e respostas

  • What year was the Gutenberg Press invented?

    1445

  • What is the woodcut technique?

    Woodcut is a relief method of printmaking where carved areas remain clean, producing coarse lines.

  • What is engraving?

    Engraving is an intaglio method of printmaking that involves creating fine details in a recessed metal plate.

  • What is the difference between woodcut and engraving?

    Woodcut uses a relief method with coarse lines, while engraving uses an intaglio method, allowing for finer detail.

  • What techniques are used in engraving for shading?

    Hatching and cross-hatching are used to create areas of light and darkness in engravings.

  • What materials are used in engraving?

    Engraving typically involves a metal plate and a sharp metal tool.

  • How did the Gutenberg Press impact literacy?

    It made books more affordable and accessible, thus increasing literacy rates.

  • What does 'intaglio' mean in printmaking?

    Intaglio refers to a printmaking technique where the image is incised into a surface.

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  • 00:00:03
    with these two images we're going to
  • 00:00:05
    talk about the graphic arts and print
  • 00:00:07
    making um here's an important date for
  • 00:00:09
    you
  • 00:00:10
    1445 is when the Gutenberg Press is
  • 00:00:14
    invented the German invention of movable
  • 00:00:17
    type this revolutionizes written
  • 00:00:20
    communication and art as well because
  • 00:00:23
    previously books had to be hand copied
  • 00:00:25
    and hand Illustrated like the
  • 00:00:26
    illuminated manuscript uh that we
  • 00:00:29
    studied at the beginning of this chapter
  • 00:00:30
    it's very laborious to hand copy and
  • 00:00:33
    hand illustrate um so this really was a
  • 00:00:36
    huge sort of step forward um in literacy
  • 00:00:40
    especially because now these books could
  • 00:00:41
    be printed on a much wider scale means
  • 00:00:43
    that they were much more affordable so
  • 00:00:45
    you still had to have some money in
  • 00:00:47
    order to own a book but not quite as
  • 00:00:48
    wealthy as you had to be before to get
  • 00:00:50
    an illuminated manuscript um so printing
  • 00:00:53
    takes a big leap at this time as well
  • 00:00:56
    print making uh technique for art
  • 00:00:59
    because all of these books needed to be
  • 00:01:01
    Illustrated we're going to talk about
  • 00:01:02
    two print making techniques for
  • 00:01:05
    illustrating um and so the first one is
  • 00:01:08
    woodcut and that's what you see here on
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    the left hand side this was in practice
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    before the movable type was invented but
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    it becomes refined and used more often
  • 00:01:17
    at the Advent of the letter press um
  • 00:01:21
    this kind of print making the wood cut
  • 00:01:24
    is what's called a relief method of
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    carving so the relief method would be
  • 00:01:27
    you that would be like the umbrella term
  • 00:01:29
    relief method means that the carved out
  • 00:01:32
    areas remain clean that means the carved
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    out areas are the parts that are taken
  • 00:01:37
    away and the lines that are left extent
  • 00:01:39
    the lines that are left up are the ones
  • 00:01:40
    that are printed the easiest way to
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    think about relief method is like a
  • 00:01:44
    rubber stamp of today you take out the
  • 00:01:46
    parts you don't want to show up in the
  • 00:01:48
    print and the parts that are left there
  • 00:01:50
    are the ones that are stamped and then
  • 00:01:52
    printed so relief method is think of a
  • 00:01:53
    rubber stamp a wood cut is a kind of
  • 00:01:56
    relief method because it is made out of
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    wood it is carved out of wood uh as you
  • 00:02:01
    can imagine if you are carving in wood
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    those lines that you keep out have to be
  • 00:02:08
    relatively thick and so they're sort of
  • 00:02:11
    coarse um when you create these works
  • 00:02:14
    and a lot of the detail has to come from
  • 00:02:16
    the coloring and the coloring would come
  • 00:02:17
    later so when you think of the wood cut
  • 00:02:21
    think of it as being sort of rough
  • 00:02:22
    coarse really thick lines that you see
  • 00:02:25
    here um and so that is that that's just
  • 00:02:28
    indicative of the sort of woodcut
  • 00:02:31
    technique the other however is engraving
  • 00:02:34
    and that gives you a much finer and
  • 00:02:36
    greater detail this is St Anthony
  • 00:02:39
    tormented by demons it is an engraving
  • 00:02:42
    an engraving is not a relief method it's
  • 00:02:45
    called an intaglio method of print
  • 00:02:47
    making and with an intaglio method that
  • 00:02:50
    means that the areas that are printed
  • 00:02:53
    are recessed in The Recess sort of down
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    and so let me tell you how this works
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    with an engraving um you start start
  • 00:03:00
    with a metal plate and you have a sharp
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    metal tool the sharp metal tool makes
  • 00:03:04
    the line in the metal then the whole
  • 00:03:08
    surface is Inked and the ink settled
  • 00:03:10
    into those lines and then the top is
  • 00:03:12
    sort of cleaned off and then the paper
  • 00:03:15
    is laid on top of the print and it's
  • 00:03:16
    pressed so the paper has to reach down
  • 00:03:19
    into those lines that you created the
  • 00:03:22
    effect is one that looks very drawn on
  • 00:03:24
    it's a lot of fine fine detail because
  • 00:03:27
    you've created every little line there
  • 00:03:28
    so it's not easy work it's not easy to
  • 00:03:30
    get that line there but it's very
  • 00:03:32
    controlled um in order to create a sense
  • 00:03:35
    of modeling in space there's two
  • 00:03:36
    techniques that are used the first one
  • 00:03:39
    is hatching and the second is
  • 00:03:42
    cross-hatching hatching are little lines
  • 00:03:45
    right next to each other so see how when
  • 00:03:46
    you those little lines are created it
  • 00:03:49
    gives you a shadow that's hatching
  • 00:03:51
    cross-hatching means you take those
  • 00:03:53
    lines and you cross them again so here's
  • 00:03:55
    a nice example of that here's hatching
  • 00:03:57
    these lines and then you cross them at a
  • 00:03:58
    right angle and and then you can see
  • 00:04:00
    that creates even more darkness and then
  • 00:04:03
    when all that is taken into account it
  • 00:04:05
    creates an areas of light and then it
  • 00:04:08
    creates these sort of areas of Darkness
  • 00:04:10
    so relief method wood cut and inogo
  • 00:04:14
    Method engraving are the two styles that
  • 00:04:17
    you see here
Etiquetas
  • Gutenberg Press
  • printmaking
  • woodcut
  • engraving
  • graphic arts
  • relief method
  • intaglio method
  • hatching
  • cross-hatching
  • literacy