PEDx | STS 012 - Asian Intellectual and Scientific Revolution

00:34:40
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_iiVrY1pdo8

Resumo

TLDRIn this lecture, JD, a teacher of Science Technology and Society, delves into the Asian intellectual and scientific revolutions. He sets the context by summarizing previous discussions on African, Mesoamerican, and Middle Eastern intellectual revolutions. Highlighting the significance of ancient Asian civilizations, JD discusses their contributions to science and technology such as China's astronomical advancements, invention of gunpowder, and hydraulic engineering, as well as India's Ayurvedic medicine and focus on mathematics and astronomy. The lecture draws connections between ancient practices and modern society, illustrating how historical scientific achievements have influenced contemporary culture. JD uses clips from movies like "The Great Wall" and "Prince of Persia" to display the legacy of past civilizations in today's cultural products. Emphasizing the importance of scientific progression, JD concludes that intellectual revolutions are continuous and always build upon existing knowledge, demonstrating that various cultures have significantly contributed to the world’s scientific and technological landscape.

Conclusões

  • 🧠 The lecture focuses on the Asian intellectual and scientific revolutions.
  • 📜 Ancient Chinese and Indian civilizations made significant advancements in science and technology.
  • 🎥 Movie clips from 'The Great Wall' and 'Prince of Persia' are used to illustrate historical influences on modern culture.
  • 🌌 Chinese contributions include astronomical research and inventions like gunpowder.
  • 🌊 Hydraulic engineering was a major advancement in ancient China due to its many rivers.
  • 💊 Indian Ayurveda represents an ancient approach to medicine still in use today.
  • 🕌 Intellectual and scientific progress is continuous and accumulative.
  • 🌍 Various ancient civilizations contributed to modern scientific understanding.
  • 🌿 Oriental medicine practices are discussed for their enduring effectiveness without Western scientific explanation.
  • 📚 The lecture emphasizes the continuity and impact of historical scientific revolutions on current society.

Linha do tempo

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The session introduces JD as the teacher for a course on Science, Technology, and Society, focusing on intellectual and scientific revolutions, specifically the Asian intellectual revolution. The discussion reflects on previous topics, such as the African, Mesoamerican, and Middle Eastern intellectual revolutions, using cinematic clips to demonstrate how these ancient civilizations continue to influence modern culture through technology, music, and films.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    The lecturer highlights the hydraulic civilization of ancient China, comparing it to Nile-based African civilizations. The Xia Dynasty's advancements in astronomy are discussed, including precise calendrical measurements and astronomical predictions. The belief in a cosmos centered around China, epitomized by the notion that emperors were divine, and the influential philosophy of Confucius emphasizing order and tradition are outlined.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    Focus shifts to the Song Dynasty, signifying the height of science and technology in China, marked by advancements in agriculture such as rice cultivation. The time is described as a period of significant urbanization and technological innovation, encompassing inventions like the rice plow, gunpowder, and suspension bridges, credited largely to the Song Dynasty's encouragement of science and arts, although no specific inventors are noted.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    Discusses the importance of infrastructure in ancient China, particularly the development of iron production and the influence on Japanese and Korean metallurgy. Hydraulic engineering is emphasized due to the numerous rivers in China, with the Grand Canal cited as the greatest infrastructure achievement, greatly aiding economic and cultural unification and trade across the empire.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:25:00

    The session also covers advancements in ancient Chinese medicine, defined as oriental medicine, focusing on the treatment of imbalances through practices like acupuncture and herbal therapies. Although these methods lack a Western scientific explanation, they are acknowledged for their effectiveness. The broader notion that scientific practices and technologies in Asia may differ yet be equally valid is explored.

  • 00:25:00 - 00:34:40

    Finally, the discussion transitions to ancient Indian civilization, highlighting its intertwined spiritual and scientific advancements, known as Ayurveda. The importance of Veda (knowledge) and the strategic focus on medicine and health during the Gupta Dynasty is discussed. The lecturer encapsulates the session by acknowledging Asia's vast contributions to global culture, science, and technology through these intellectual revolutions while emphasizing that this is only a fraction of Asia's historical influence.

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Perguntas frequentes

  • Who is the lecturer in the video?

    The lecturer is JD, who is a teacher for the subject Science Technology and Society.

  • What is the main topic of the lecture?

    The main topic is the Asian intellectual and scientific revolution.

  • What examples does the lecturer use to illustrate historical influence on contemporary culture?

    The lecturer uses clips from movies like "The Great Wall" and "Prince of Persia" to illustrate the influence of historical science and technology on contemporary culture.

  • Which ancient civilizations are covered in JD's lecture?

    The lecture covers African, Mesoamerican, Middle Eastern, and Asian civilizations.

  • What historical period does JD focus on for Asia?

    JD focuses on ancient Asian civilizations, particularly the Chinese and Indian civilizations.

  • What are some key scientific contributions discussed in the lecture?

    Key scientific contributions include Chinese astronomical advancements, development of gunpowder, hydraulic engineering, and Indian Ayurvedic medicine.

  • Does the lecturer discuss modern scientific revolutions?

    No, the lecturer focuses on ancient scientific revolutions and mentions that discussing modern ones would take a lot longer.

  • What is the perspective on oriental medicine according to the lecture?

    Oriental medicine is discussed as effective even without scientific explanation by Western standards, using practices like acupuncture and herbal therapies.

  • How does JD illustrate the continuity of intellectual revolutions?

    JD shows how knowledge builds upon previous knowledge and emphasizes the continuous and compounding nature of intellectual revolutions.

  • What does JD use to connect historical revolutions with current society?

    JD uses music and film clips to connect historical revolutions with current societal influences.

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Rolagem automática:
  • 00:00:01
    hi good day so my name is jd and i will
  • 00:00:03
    be your teacher for science technology
  • 00:00:05
    and society
  • 00:00:09
    and that is the intellectual and
  • 00:00:11
    scientific revolutions
  • 00:00:18
    ancient asian scientific and
  • 00:00:21
    intellectual revolution so we're already
  • 00:00:23
    done discussing the
  • 00:00:25
    um african intellectual revolution
  • 00:00:28
    we're also done discussing the uh
  • 00:00:31
    mesoamerican intellectual revolution and
  • 00:00:33
    we're also then discussing the
  • 00:00:35
    middle east intellectual revolution
  • 00:00:39
    asian intellectual revolutions now
  • 00:00:42
    let's start so asian intellectual
  • 00:00:44
    revolution the sleeping giant so back at
  • 00:00:47
    the sleeping giant
  • 00:00:48
    no uh i have here a clip
  • 00:00:51
    of a uh trailer
  • 00:00:55
    from a fantasy a movie portraying
  • 00:00:59
    uh and a certain uh asian civilization
  • 00:01:04
    ancient asian civilization and that is
  • 00:01:06
    the movie the great wall
  • 00:01:08
    uh this this was showed in 2016. so
  • 00:01:10
    let's
  • 00:01:11
    watch okay
  • 00:01:16
    so uh if you noticed
  • 00:01:19
    uh in the previous discussions when we
  • 00:01:21
    started
  • 00:01:22
    entering uh intellectual and scientific
  • 00:01:25
    revolutions
  • 00:01:27
    society not involved
  • 00:01:31
    clip video clip
  • 00:01:34
    by shakira uh dawn's
  • 00:01:37
    african intellectual revolution
  • 00:01:44
    2012
  • 00:01:48
    chapter where we discuss about
  • 00:01:52
    mesoamerica
  • 00:01:54
    and then last episode or last a
  • 00:01:58
    video before this i showed a clip
  • 00:02:01
    on the uh prince of persia the movie
  • 00:02:05
    prince of persia
  • 00:02:06
    for the um middle eastern intellectual
  • 00:02:10
    revolutions
  • 00:02:12
    now you know
  • 00:02:17
    an unclip now moving a sleeping giant
  • 00:02:21
    and the great wall and 2016 to show the
  • 00:02:24
    asian intellectual revolution
  • 00:02:26
    now what is the reason behind that the
  • 00:02:29
    reason behind that is because
  • 00:02:34
    i want to show you that the music we
  • 00:02:36
    have
  • 00:02:37
    the music that we have the culture that
  • 00:02:39
    we have
  • 00:02:40
    today the movies that we have are all
  • 00:02:44
    influenced by
  • 00:02:46
    uh historical or ancient scientific
  • 00:02:50
    and uh technological practices or
  • 00:02:53
    beliefs
  • 00:02:54
    by the ancient people okay so that's the
  • 00:02:57
    reason why
  • 00:02:58
    sodito is a sleeping giant no
  • 00:03:01
    uh the great they said that they were
  • 00:03:05
    searching for a weapon
  • 00:03:07
    they were actually actually referring to
  • 00:03:09
    the gun powder
  • 00:03:11
    because gunpowder was discovered or was
  • 00:03:14
    developed by the ancient
  • 00:03:16
    chinese civilization so asia is a very
  • 00:03:20
    large continent
  • 00:03:45
    and technology i discuss
  • 00:03:48
    middle eastern civilization separate to
  • 00:03:52
    asian civilization because the middle
  • 00:03:54
    eastern civilization
  • 00:03:55
    has a very large contribution to science
  • 00:03:58
    and technology
  • 00:03:59
    but
  • 00:04:02
    uh this was very concentrated to their
  • 00:04:06
    belief also no specific kusilandinis
  • 00:04:11
    now asia is a big continent
  • 00:04:14
    filled with rich culture and science
  • 00:04:21
    [Music]
  • 00:04:26
    practices
  • 00:05:06
    as you can see there are a lot of rivers
  • 00:05:09
    this actually shows that
  • 00:05:21
    discussions african intellectual
  • 00:05:24
    revolution
  • 00:05:24
    that the ancient africa started near the
  • 00:05:27
    nile river or
  • 00:05:28
    along the nile river because cultures
  • 00:05:31
    know
  • 00:05:32
    we also believe that many people believe
  • 00:05:35
    that rivers represent the flow of life
  • 00:05:38
    because reverse supported
  • 00:05:40
    life no but this also shows the
  • 00:05:44
    hydraulic civilization of china if you
  • 00:05:47
    remember our previous discussion that
  • 00:05:49
    the uh that asian china has
  • 00:05:53
    a similarity with that
  • 00:05:56
    of the engineering discussion
  • 00:06:00
    discussions uh engineering
  • 00:06:03
    engineers chapter one wherein we discuss
  • 00:06:07
    about uh the
  • 00:06:10
    hydraulic engineering
  • 00:06:13
    aqueducts aroma as a roman empire in
  • 00:06:16
    order to channel
  • 00:06:18
    water across the civilization
  • 00:06:22
    ancient china so they just have to
  • 00:06:24
    manage
  • 00:06:25
    or to understand on manipulating
  • 00:06:29
    what manipulating the uh hydraulics of
  • 00:06:32
    water
  • 00:06:35
    okay so the shia dynasty supported the
  • 00:06:39
    different astronomical researches to
  • 00:06:41
    create more accurate calendars
  • 00:06:44
    so that's from 402 to bce 400 bce to the
  • 00:06:49
    to zero bce
  • 00:06:50
    or along the year
  • 00:06:53
    no they measured the length of the solar
  • 00:06:56
    year
  • 00:06:57
    they came up with 365.25 days
  • 00:07:01
    almost similar to that of the egyptian
  • 00:07:03
    civilization
  • 00:07:04
    they also predicted eclipses recorded
  • 00:07:07
    supernovas and sunspots and even
  • 00:07:09
    founded the bureau of astronomy they
  • 00:07:12
    also
  • 00:07:13
    determined 26 thousand year cycle of
  • 00:07:16
    precision of equinoxes
  • 00:07:18
    now if you remember our uh i mentioned
  • 00:07:21
    during the
  • 00:07:22
    discussion on the uh natural
  • 00:07:25
    philosophers
  • 00:07:26
    nelson wherein i stated that
  • 00:07:30
    the moon of the sun dayal was actually
  • 00:07:34
    being used
  • 00:07:35
    of use by the uh ancient
  • 00:07:38
    asian civilization even before the
  • 00:07:42
    greeks
  • 00:07:42
    started to use it the shah dynasty was a
  • 00:07:46
    peak
  • 00:07:47
    of astronomy during this time
  • 00:07:50
    so i don't know is a picture no
  • 00:07:54
    what do you see in the map um
  • 00:07:58
    the ancient chinese civilization believe
  • 00:08:00
    that the cosmological
  • 00:08:02
    cosmos or the cosmos the universe no
  • 00:08:05
    rotates uh around
  • 00:08:10
    the middle earth or the
  • 00:08:13
    central kingdom or the middle kingdom
  • 00:08:16
    and they believe that the middle kingdom
  • 00:08:18
    is china itself they believe that the
  • 00:08:20
    world revolves around china
  • 00:08:38
    egyptians believes that pharaohs are
  • 00:08:40
    representations or liasons to the gods
  • 00:08:43
    and they also believe that here in
  • 00:08:45
    ancient chinese civilization that the
  • 00:08:47
    emperors
  • 00:08:48
    are representations of their deities
  • 00:08:52
    so they believe that their emperors are
  • 00:08:54
    uh gods
  • 00:08:55
    the dragon throne no
  • 00:08:59
    now one of the most known chinese
  • 00:09:03
    philosopher
  • 00:09:04
    is confucius so second view
  • 00:09:14
    first is importance of tradition
  • 00:09:16
    etiquette
  • 00:09:17
    respect to elders patriarchs and he also
  • 00:09:20
    focuses on
  • 00:09:22
    orderly human or world now because
  • 00:09:25
    he believes in the orderly human world
  • 00:09:27
    or orderly human
  • 00:09:28
    system
  • 00:09:33
    state exams
  • 00:09:37
    examinations but before a certain person
  • 00:09:40
    not be part of an office have an office
  • 00:09:44
    position
  • 00:09:47
    he or she
  • 00:09:51
    he must have the qualifications
  • 00:09:54
    he or she can have must have these
  • 00:09:57
    qualifications
  • 00:09:59
    because they want he wants or he
  • 00:10:00
    promotes order
  • 00:10:02
    but then again uh during this time this
  • 00:10:05
    was
  • 00:10:06
    during the time of confucius it was not
  • 00:10:08
    the time
  • 00:10:09
    of the height of science and technology
  • 00:10:11
    this was the time of the height of
  • 00:10:13
    philosophy
  • 00:10:14
    of arts but the height of science and
  • 00:10:16
    technology actually start during the
  • 00:10:19
    song dynasty
  • 00:10:26
    okay in the 8th century chinese started
  • 00:10:29
    cultivating
  • 00:10:30
    rice or canaan do you say the biopsy be
  • 00:10:33
    nothing rice
  • 00:10:34
    all asians know knows how to cook
  • 00:10:38
    rice or in all asians how to uh to cook
  • 00:10:42
    to eat rice also no but in the 8th
  • 00:10:46
    century
  • 00:10:47
    uh the ancient chinese civilization
  • 00:10:49
    already started cultivating rice
  • 00:10:54
    1012 during the time of song dynasty
  • 00:10:58
    introduced
  • 00:11:11
    and agricultural techniques on
  • 00:11:13
    preservations no
  • 00:11:14
    agricultural techniques on preservation
  • 00:11:25
    techniques
  • 00:11:39
    they are very known in rice cultivation
  • 00:11:42
    and we have different techniques on how
  • 00:11:45
    we cultivate
  • 00:11:46
    rice as well but somehow
  • 00:11:52
    technique is cultivating rice with
  • 00:11:55
    faster production and with less water
  • 00:12:01
    inventions ancient chinese civilizations
  • 00:12:15
    and contributions of the asian
  • 00:12:17
    civilization or the mesoamerican
  • 00:12:19
    civilization
  • 00:12:20
    or the african civilization so i'm just
  • 00:12:23
    discussing the historical aspects okay
  • 00:12:27
    first one is the rice plow or the water
  • 00:12:30
    lifting devices
  • 00:12:49
    civilization korea japan they have
  • 00:12:53
    high regard on clothing because
  • 00:12:56
    what you wear what type of textile you
  • 00:13:00
    wear represents your
  • 00:13:01
    social stratification pina pakistan
  • 00:13:10
    hunting umbrella gun powder which was
  • 00:13:15
    being seeked a while ago as a weapon
  • 00:13:18
    that
  • 00:13:18
    is not
  • 00:13:22
    that is indifferent from other weapons
  • 00:13:25
    explosive devices
  • 00:13:27
    explosive invention powder
  • 00:13:30
    porcelain a porcelain or
  • 00:13:34
    pottery pottery uh ancient chinese
  • 00:13:36
    civilization
  • 00:13:38
    influence then uh
  • 00:13:42
    [Music]
  • 00:13:45
    earthquake monitor paper
  • 00:13:49
    money suspension bridges because they
  • 00:13:52
    have a lot of rivers so they have
  • 00:13:54
    they need to have a lot of bridges also
  • 00:13:58
    and at this time the urbanization
  • 00:14:00
    skyrocketed because science and
  • 00:14:02
    technology is supported during this time
  • 00:14:04
    but then again there is no specific
  • 00:14:06
    person who ever
  • 00:14:08
    invented these stuffs walang specific
  • 00:14:11
    person but
  • 00:14:12
    the uh it is credited to the song
  • 00:14:15
    dynasty
  • 00:14:16
    because urbanization skyrocketed it was
  • 00:14:19
    the height
  • 00:14:19
    of science and technology the ancient
  • 00:14:22
    chinese civilization and the state
  • 00:14:24
    supported
  • 00:14:25
    arts and sciences this allowed them to
  • 00:14:28
    have
  • 00:14:28
    rich accounts of science and arts they
  • 00:14:31
    made clocks mechanical models and
  • 00:14:33
    heavenly bodies
  • 00:14:35
    giant machine replicated the heavenly
  • 00:14:38
    bodies and in 9th century they
  • 00:14:40
    invented the gun powder but later
  • 00:14:43
    harness
  • 00:14:44
    it to its potential sodium
  • 00:14:47
    they even made a large scale
  • 00:14:50
    cosmos
  • 00:14:56
    cosmological models okay
  • 00:15:00
    pero ang flagship nila is actually not
  • 00:15:05
    a flagship pillar is not their small
  • 00:15:08
    scale inventions
  • 00:15:10
    their flagship is their infrastructure
  • 00:15:14
    infrastructure now before we proceed to
  • 00:15:17
    discussing the infrastructure
  • 00:15:19
    let's try to understand where it came
  • 00:15:21
    from
  • 00:15:22
    among ancient chinese civilization
  • 00:15:25
    ventured on iron products in
  • 00:15:27
    117 bce but during the time of song
  • 00:15:31
    dynasty during 1078
  • 00:15:34
    they produced a 125 tons of iron
  • 00:15:44
    because they understood the science and
  • 00:15:47
    chemical properties of iron and coal
  • 00:15:50
    they did not rely only on its production
  • 00:15:54
    they increased its production by
  • 00:15:56
    understanding the science
  • 00:15:58
    and chemical properties behind iron
  • 00:16:02
    and coal so if you actually know this
  • 00:16:05
    chinese actually influenced japanese and
  • 00:16:07
    korean culture
  • 00:16:09
    and we know that samurai swords are
  • 00:16:12
    are hard swords than
  • 00:16:16
    uh strong swords rather than other
  • 00:16:19
    swords because of
  • 00:16:20
    understanding the science behind it
  • 00:16:23
    in addition to metallurgy
  • 00:16:26
    no the ancient chinese civilization also
  • 00:16:29
    ventured on hydraulic engineering
  • 00:16:32
    because
  • 00:16:34
    they have a lot of rivers so i have a
  • 00:16:37
    question
  • 00:16:39
    what is the greatest infrastructure of
  • 00:16:41
    china
  • 00:16:47
    great wall of china a great wall of
  • 00:16:49
    china's innocent
  • 00:16:50
    greatest infrastructure well
  • 00:16:54
    maybe because it was really long it's a
  • 00:16:56
    very long wall
  • 00:16:58
    and a wide wall also and its purpose is
  • 00:17:02
    for protection
  • 00:17:07
    greatest infrastructure of ancient china
  • 00:17:10
    that is most mechanical and has social
  • 00:17:13
    uh relevance alain
  • 00:17:45
    dynasty it stretched
  • 00:17:48
    all across china allowing the production
  • 00:17:52
    of trading faster
  • 00:17:59
    this was considered to be the most
  • 00:18:01
    economical infrastructure because
  • 00:18:04
    they deliver goods nicaraguan mode of
  • 00:18:08
    transportation
  • 00:18:13
    exchange of knowledge exchange of
  • 00:18:15
    trading across
  • 00:18:16
    china this actually also showed
  • 00:18:19
    no that china the ancient china is
  • 00:18:22
    united and powerful
  • 00:18:25
    because of the links made by the
  • 00:18:28
    [Music]
  • 00:18:30
    grand canals
  • 00:18:34
    yeah this is a picture a painting which
  • 00:18:37
    i actually got from one of the textbooks
  • 00:18:39
    on
  • 00:18:40
    ancient chinese civilization
  • 00:18:43
    as you can see now river river
  • 00:18:48
    river river river
  • 00:18:53
    river and
  • 00:18:57
    hydraulic engineering because they have
  • 00:18:59
    to lift water
  • 00:19:01
    they have to reduce the height of water
  • 00:19:05
    as you can see merenting river saloon
  • 00:19:09
    no city just like during the time of the
  • 00:19:12
    roman empire they have to channel
  • 00:19:14
    water across the city because water is
  • 00:19:17
    very relevant
  • 00:19:21
    water okay
  • 00:19:25
    so during this time was also the time
  • 00:19:29
    when during the chinese ancient chinese
  • 00:19:31
    civilization
  • 00:19:32
    hindi language advancement technology
  • 00:19:35
    advancement
  • 00:19:37
    methodology or hydraulic system but of
  • 00:19:40
    course
  • 00:19:41
    this was also the height of
  • 00:19:42
    understanding the
  • 00:19:45
    chinese medicine and there's a unified
  • 00:19:48
    term when it comes to eastern
  • 00:19:51
    medicine and that is called oriental
  • 00:19:53
    medicine
  • 00:19:54
    vaccinating asian medicine or eastern
  • 00:19:57
    medicine that could be
  • 00:19:58
    associated to oriental medicines okay
  • 00:20:02
    oriental medicines are influenced by
  • 00:20:22
    is influenced by the imbalances
  • 00:20:26
    imbalance uh imbalances
  • 00:20:31
    during the ancient chinese civilization
  • 00:20:33
    that can only be cured
  • 00:20:35
    by moving your chi yong uh
  • 00:20:38
    chakra morgan or something like that now
  • 00:20:41
    using
  • 00:20:42
    certain oriental techniques like
  • 00:20:44
    acupuncture acupressure
  • 00:20:46
    herbal therapies exercise and
  • 00:20:48
    prescription diets now
  • 00:20:50
    acupuncture and acupressure do not
  • 00:20:53
    actually have a scientific evidence you
  • 00:20:55
    do not have a very strong scientific
  • 00:20:57
    evidence
  • 00:20:58
    there's a study in 2014 and 2013.
  • 00:21:01
    that's attempting to explain a western
  • 00:21:04
    scientific
  • 00:21:05
    explanation i mean western scientific
  • 00:21:08
    explanation
  • 00:21:08
    trying to explain acupuncture and
  • 00:21:10
    acupressure but they cannot explain
  • 00:21:13
    how it works but it works
  • 00:21:19
    example they're going to prick
  • 00:21:23
    to put a needle in your tip of finger
  • 00:21:26
    tip of your finger
  • 00:21:27
    again acupuncture needle
  • 00:21:30
    and it would affect a certain part of
  • 00:21:32
    your body that do not have a direct
  • 00:21:34
    vein connection now how does that happen
  • 00:21:40
    now even if there's no scientific black
  • 00:21:42
    scientific explanation
  • 00:21:44
    using the western science it works
  • 00:21:50
    every culture has its own science even
  • 00:21:53
    philippines has its own science
  • 00:21:55
    different cultures all across the world
  • 00:21:57
    all across the globe
  • 00:21:58
    has different scientific and
  • 00:22:00
    technological practices
  • 00:22:02
    though it cannot be explained by western
  • 00:22:05
    civilization again
  • 00:22:06
    the western science is not the only
  • 00:22:08
    science
  • 00:22:09
    okay there's also science in asia
  • 00:22:14
    although even if it's it cannot be
  • 00:22:16
    explained it works
  • 00:22:18
    herbal therapies uh like the ginseng tea
  • 00:22:23
    no uh exercise and of course
  • 00:22:26
    prescription diets what you eat is
  • 00:22:29
    actually uh uh
  • 00:22:32
    tells more about your health okay
  • 00:22:36
    that was his ancient time i don't know
  • 00:22:38
    now
  • 00:22:40
    another ancient chinese ancient asian
  • 00:22:43
    civilization that i want to talk about
  • 00:22:45
    is the ancient india
  • 00:22:48
    they also have a very complicated
  • 00:22:51
    metaphysical understanding
  • 00:22:53
    on the inseparable knowledge and
  • 00:22:56
    religious traditions
  • 00:22:57
    and focus on applications now they are
  • 00:23:00
    like the middle eastern civilization
  • 00:23:04
    yonkanilang science mathematics and
  • 00:23:06
    technology
  • 00:23:08
    are highly associated to their belief
  • 00:23:10
    system
  • 00:23:15
    highly associated to their belief system
  • 00:23:18
    and that is
  • 00:23:19
    functional that's why one of the best
  • 00:23:21
    engineering institutions can also be
  • 00:23:23
    found in
  • 00:23:24
    india
  • 00:23:28
    indians have a very high regard on veda
  • 00:23:30
    when you say veda this means
  • 00:23:32
    knowledge they were concerned on math
  • 00:23:36
    and astronomy but mostly concerned on
  • 00:23:39
    rituals
  • 00:23:40
    because again it's associated in their
  • 00:23:43
    faith and in their belief system
  • 00:23:47
    as well um
  • 00:23:51
    yeah if if you visit youtube
  • 00:23:54
    no you can actually see a lot of
  • 00:23:58
    uh tutorials created by our fellow
  • 00:24:01
    indians
  • 00:24:02
    because they value knowledge a lot and i
  • 00:24:05
    thank them because i was
  • 00:24:06
    i'm actually one of the students uh when
  • 00:24:09
    i was in college who visits their
  • 00:24:11
    science
  • 00:24:14
    indian civilization also has large
  • 00:24:16
    contribution to
  • 00:24:18
    understanding medicine during the gupta
  • 00:24:21
    dynasties
  • 00:24:22
    india they studied the science of life
  • 00:24:25
    now pakistan science of life this is
  • 00:24:28
    called
  • 00:24:29
    ayurveda ayurveda this also
  • 00:24:32
    included some of the principles of the
  • 00:24:35
    ancient chinese civilization
  • 00:24:37
    now one of the most regarded records
  • 00:24:41
    is the sharaka samita
  • 00:24:44
    sarakasamita or one of the
  • 00:24:48
    other sashmita or collections uh
  • 00:24:51
    that could help you memorize hundreds of
  • 00:24:54
    named
  • 00:24:55
    body parts so this samita
  • 00:24:58
    is actually uh an ayurvedic book
  • 00:25:02
    okay it's a book on science of life so
  • 00:25:05
    when you hear
  • 00:25:06
    ayurvedic practice ayurvedic
  • 00:25:09
    book these are related to the
  • 00:25:12
    ancient uh medicinal uh science of life
  • 00:25:16
    practices
  • 00:25:16
    during the ancient indian civilization
  • 00:25:19
    that are still being practiced today
  • 00:25:21
    some are still being practiced today
  • 00:25:23
    no because they work okay they work
  • 00:25:28
    and if you're familiar with chi such as
  • 00:25:31
    ancient chinese they also use chakra
  • 00:25:35
    no like in naruto they studied anatomy
  • 00:25:39
    and etiology what causes different
  • 00:25:42
    diseases they also focus
  • 00:25:44
    for children early or elderly diseases
  • 00:25:48
    mental illnesses organ diseases surgery
  • 00:25:53
    poison and antidotes and aphrodisiacs so
  • 00:25:57
    they have this different
  • 00:25:59
    uh
  • 00:26:03
    what they call this oriental medicines
  • 00:26:04
    also
  • 00:26:06
    and develop understanding of five karmas
  • 00:26:09
    or actions to remove toxins
  • 00:26:12
    if you're familiar with the five karmas
  • 00:26:14
    and
  • 00:26:15
    the ayurveda of science of life has also
  • 00:26:18
    largely
  • 00:26:19
    concerns on healthful living
  • 00:26:22
    in
  • 00:26:26
    ancient chinese civilization it's all
  • 00:26:28
    about hygiene
  • 00:26:29
    it's all about diet okay it's still
  • 00:26:31
    about hygiene and diet what you eat
  • 00:26:34
    and what you do no because what
  • 00:26:38
    we do every day actually reflects our
  • 00:26:40
    health
  • 00:26:42
    now generally asian intellectual
  • 00:26:45
    revolution has made a margin
  • 00:26:47
    on the large contribution of ancient
  • 00:26:50
    asian civilization
  • 00:26:52
    the large continents has contributed a
  • 00:26:54
    lot in the field of science and
  • 00:26:55
    technology
  • 00:26:56
    engineering culture arts and religion
  • 00:27:00
    so the ancient asian ancient asian
  • 00:27:03
    civilization did not only focus on
  • 00:27:06
    uh religion no but or culture or
  • 00:27:10
    arts but ancient asian civilization
  • 00:27:14
    has a very big contribution when it
  • 00:27:19
    comes to science
  • 00:27:20
    and technology now if you're wondering
  • 00:27:24
    i only limited again my discussion on
  • 00:27:27
    ancient
  • 00:27:27
    asian civilization asia is a very large
  • 00:27:30
    continent if we're going to discuss
  • 00:27:33
    each country it will take a lot
  • 00:27:36
    of years to discuss that
  • 00:27:39
    i only chose uh china and
  • 00:27:42
    in india because these are the countries
  • 00:27:45
    that has actually also
  • 00:27:46
    influence and has exchanged culture
  • 00:27:49
    evident exchange
  • 00:27:50
    culture with other neighboring asian
  • 00:27:52
    countries like
  • 00:27:54
    uh china's influence japan and
  • 00:27:57
    south japan japan and korea and has also
  • 00:28:01
    direct uh trading with other
  • 00:28:04
    southeast asian countries which we have
  • 00:28:06
    these certain cultures as well
  • 00:28:09
    and india has also done uh trading
  • 00:28:13
    of knowledge with the middle eastern
  • 00:28:14
    civilization with other neighboring
  • 00:28:16
    countries
  • 00:28:17
    around it also now if you also notice i
  • 00:28:20
    did not discuss
  • 00:28:22
    modern scientific revolutions
  • 00:28:26
    i only discuss ancient scientific
  • 00:28:29
    revolution because if we're going to
  • 00:28:31
    discuss
  • 00:28:32
    modern modern scientific revolutions
  • 00:28:37
    it will take us a lot of years to
  • 00:28:39
    discuss that
  • 00:28:40
    asian intellectual revolution has
  • 00:28:42
    revolutionized the world
  • 00:28:44
    by its inventions rich culture and
  • 00:28:46
    tradition
  • 00:28:47
    mathematical contributions and largely
  • 00:28:51
    an oriental medicine
  • 00:28:52
    which until now not even the modern
  • 00:28:54
    western medicine can explain
  • 00:28:56
    its effectivity madaming ancient
  • 00:28:59
    scientific practices
  • 00:29:01
    and ancient practices
  • 00:29:04
    uh scientific and technological
  • 00:29:06
    practices
  • 00:29:10
    until today that worked before
  • 00:29:13
    that still works today okay
  • 00:29:17
    so that's all of it
  • 00:29:20
    that's the end of my discussion on the
  • 00:29:23
    chapter two
  • 00:29:24
    of uh chapter two of science technology
  • 00:29:29
    and society and that is
  • 00:29:31
    intellectual and scientific revolution
  • 00:29:34
    so
  • 00:29:37
    um we already done discuss we're already
  • 00:29:39
    done discussing about the copernican
  • 00:29:42
    intellectual revolution
  • 00:29:43
    where it actually changed the way how we
  • 00:29:46
    view the world
  • 00:29:47
    the universe rather uh and the darwinian
  • 00:29:50
    intellectual revolution
  • 00:29:52
    where it actually tinkled our
  • 00:29:55
    uh triggered our mind on the thoughts
  • 00:29:57
    about life
  • 00:29:59
    and then the freudian intellectual
  • 00:30:00
    revolution where we discussed
  • 00:30:02
    about um where we discuss
  • 00:30:05
    about uh humans
  • 00:30:08
    about understanding the human behavior
  • 00:30:12
    and human attitude or human personality
  • 00:30:24
    and then after discussing these specific
  • 00:30:27
    scientific revolutions and intellectual
  • 00:30:29
    revolutions
  • 00:30:30
    we went to discussing society again
  • 00:30:34
    the the reason why i showed you i made
  • 00:30:37
    i showed you uh clips of a movie
  • 00:30:41
    i showed you clips of songs because
  • 00:30:44
    these songs and movies that we have now
  • 00:30:48
    are influenced by the culture and
  • 00:30:50
    society
  • 00:30:51
    that was before no like some ancient
  • 00:30:54
    african civilization
  • 00:30:57
    by shakira apart from doing the zumba
  • 00:31:00
    you realize that we're all african
  • 00:31:02
    because the
  • 00:31:02
    oldest ancient civilization started
  • 00:31:05
    along the nile river
  • 00:31:07
    and then we also discussed about the
  • 00:31:09
    mesoamerican intellectual revolution the
  • 00:31:12
    um 2012 song by jason
  • 00:31:17
    uh talking about the end or the
  • 00:31:20
    importance of time
  • 00:31:22
    or the importance or relevance of time
  • 00:31:24
    and then
  • 00:31:26
    we also discuss thirdly discuss about
  • 00:31:29
    the uh middle eastern civilization
  • 00:31:32
    the middle middle eastern civilization
  • 00:31:35
    is about
  • 00:31:36
    um i showed to you the clip of the
  • 00:31:39
    prince of persia okay
  • 00:31:41
    so the prince of persia actually depicts
  • 00:31:44
    a portion of understanding on the
  • 00:31:47
    middle eastern civilization and then
  • 00:31:50
    lastly is the great wall
  • 00:31:52
    uh which is a fantasy also
  • 00:31:56
    no but i want you to realize that
  • 00:31:59
    technology
  • 00:32:00
    that asia has actually if you're also
  • 00:32:02
    going to watch
  • 00:32:03
    the movie mortal engine engines this
  • 00:32:06
    zhang guo no that's that's a sci-fi
  • 00:32:10
    uh film talking about the ancient
  • 00:32:14
    uh uh talking about the futuristic sorry
  • 00:32:17
    futuristic
  • 00:32:18
    civilization where the a uh asian
  • 00:32:20
    civilization
  • 00:32:22
    flourished so just to
  • 00:32:25
    clarify something though yumanda
  • 00:32:33
    because intellectual and scientific
  • 00:32:35
    revolutions
  • 00:32:36
    is compounding and continuous as
  • 00:32:40
    what i have mentioned before that the
  • 00:32:42
    knowledge that we have now
  • 00:32:45
    your knowledge
  • 00:32:54
    of
  • 00:33:04
    revolution happens intellectual and
  • 00:33:06
    scientific revolution happens
  • 00:33:08
    arising knowledge would question an
  • 00:33:11
    existing knowledge
  • 00:33:12
    and if it's more rational no if it's
  • 00:33:15
    more rational
  • 00:33:17
    it will be accepted because if you
  • 00:33:19
    remember our previous discussion
  • 00:33:22
    about the copernican intellectual
  • 00:33:23
    revolution the pinner post natalie
  • 00:33:25
    aristar kuspero
  • 00:33:26
    walang naniwala because it was not
  • 00:33:29
    logical
  • 00:33:30
    and rational to the society at that time
  • 00:33:33
    and gained
  • 00:33:41
    okay because that is intellectual and
  • 00:33:44
    scientific revolution
  • 00:33:45
    because knowledge the direction of
  • 00:33:47
    knowledge is going up
  • 00:33:48
    knowledge is increasing okay
  • 00:33:52
    so that will be our discussion on
  • 00:33:54
    intellectual
  • 00:33:56
    and scientific revolutions should you
  • 00:33:59
    have any questions or clarifications
  • 00:34:02
    uh please feel free to email me so
  • 00:34:04
    that's the last
  • 00:34:06
    uh lesson for the chapter two
  • 00:34:09
    of the science technology and society
  • 00:34:11
    intellectual
  • 00:34:12
    and scientific revolutions is that uh
  • 00:34:14
    this is the last lesson of the chapter
  • 00:34:16
    two
  • 00:34:17
    the uh asian intellectual revolution so
  • 00:34:20
    we're done discussing
  • 00:34:22
    seven intellectual revolutions but these
  • 00:34:24
    are not the only intellectual
  • 00:34:25
    revolutions that we have
  • 00:34:27
    okay so i hope you learned a lot thank
  • 00:34:29
    you very much and we'll proceed to the
  • 00:34:32
    next chapter thank you
Etiquetas
  • Asian intellectual revolution
  • scientific advancements
  • ancient civilizations
  • oriental medicine
  • cultural influence
  • intellectual revolutions
  • historical context
  • China
  • India
  • education