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hey everybody josh here again welcome
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back to my channel in today's video
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we're going to be covering my top 10
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beginner-friendly powershell commands
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powershell is essentially a programming
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scripting language that's originally
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native to windows but you can install it
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on mac os and and linux as well pretty
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much like anything that you can do on
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the computer anything that you can
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imagine you can automate it in
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powershell in one way or another i've
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used powershell for like every single
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one of my it jobs and every single one
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of my cyber security jobs and i even had
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a job where i like specifically like
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ninety percent of my time i was
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developing some big automation project
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uh using like 100 powershell so it's
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really useful to know at the very least
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if you're interested in it or cyber
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security i think this video will
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probably be interesting to you at the
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most it will be like really helpful to
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you kind of opening your brain up to the
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powershell world so let's go ahead and
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get started so feel free to follow along
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if you want with your own like kind of
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environment or you can just watch and be
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entertained as well you'll definitely
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get something out of it either way so
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okay so first thing i'll do i'll just
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open up powershell ice and i'll just
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kind of open it up on one side of the
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screen and on the other side of the
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screen i'll open up a windows explorer
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and i'll just go to the c drive and then
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i'm just gonna make a folder here
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because we're gonna work with files and
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stuff a little bit so i'll just make a
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folder called powershell demo and i'll
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go to it see it's empty and then on the
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powershell command line down here i'll
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just change directory to the powershell
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demo folder like this just so i can kind
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of have it here okay so for the very
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first command it's going to be get
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content get content and basically what
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this does is it reads all the content
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from a given text file for example so in
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our folder over here i'll just go ahead
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and make like a text file like super
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quickly i'll just call it hosts and then
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inside i'll put like google.com
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instagram.com
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facebook.com and i'll just save it and
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then i'll say get content here and then
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i'll just say host dot text and i will
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press play and then you can kind of see
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simply here it just prints these out to
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the screen there's a lot of different
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utility for these like if you want to do
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some action to each one of the items in
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the list you can you can do that uh you
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can also this is how you make a variable
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in powershell you do like a dollar sign
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and then you you name it something like
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this like so and then if you say play
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then the script runs and you notice
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nothing got printed out but actually the
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content of hosts got stored into this
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variable so for example if i go down
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here and type posts and say enter it
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will print out the content of this
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host's file over here so i use this like
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all the time because there's a lot of
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instances where you have to like read in
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some text from a file and kind of do
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something with it and print it to the
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screen and then the second command that
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i use all the time is the for each
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object command if you're if you've done
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like other programming before you can
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kind of think about it as a for each
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loop because that's essentially exactly
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what it is but basically the for each
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command lets you iterate through a
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collection of objects so what i mean by
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that is when we do like this get content
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and bring in like the hosts like bring
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in these three things and say we want to
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like store it to a variable we can do we
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can then do this essentially
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for each object and then we can do like
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open close braces to indicate like the
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block of code where we do stuff in and
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then when we say like dollar sign
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underscore this this represents
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essentially this dollar sign underscore
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represents each one of these it's kind
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of confusing at first but maybe try to
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recognize what happens when we actually
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run the code so i'll run this and it
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pretty pretty much looks the same it
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just prints them out one at a time but
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the kind of difference with this is it
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you have the chance to to do something
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to these items before they actually get
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printed to the screen so for example we
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can do something like
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something like this and then run this
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and run this and oh you can't really see
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it very good
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yeah so background color white
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foreground color black it lets us
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manipulate this this these objects in
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one way or another like each time the
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loop iterates it presents us with like
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for example the first time the loop
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iterates this dollar sign underscore
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presents us with this the second time
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this the third time this and then so
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forth if there's more items in your the
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content that you got from here if that
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makes sense so for each object kind of
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just lets you do something with each
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object in the list of things so we can
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do other things too like we can say for
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example
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like this
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you can say hostname we did hostname
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colon and then the actual thing that's
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on that line if that makes sense so it's
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essentially a for each loop i use this
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all the time and production scripts and
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stuff i do my personal projects it's
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just like something you use all the time
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and by the way like as you're watching
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this don't look at this and be like oh
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man i have to memorize all these
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commands i have to memorize these like
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you don't have to memorize anything just
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look at it and kind of acknowledge that
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it's possible to do and kind of just do
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your best to understand what's going on
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and then if you need to remember again
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in the future you can always just google
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like oh how to how to do for each
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powershell like oh how to like read in
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text file powershell and then it will
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come back to you at that time so yeah
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and then the third command that i use
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like all the time is out file and
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basically what outfile does is it
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essentially like takes something that's
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in powershell and then just outputs it
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to a text file so for example i'll just
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actually i'll leave this here for now so
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you can say
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something really simple my name is josh
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and then do a pipe out file and then you
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can press tab and then you can pick like
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the file path or i believe you can just
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if you want it to be in the same
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directory you can just start typing the
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name of the file s dot text and then if
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you say append it will add on to the
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file if there's something already there
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so i'll say append
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and that's that's good enough so i'll
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just copy this and i'll do one more line
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this and i'll save it and then you can
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just highlight these two lines like this
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and you can click this play button and
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it will only run these two so i'll
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display these i'll close this and then
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we can see that there's a test.txt file
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in here so if i open this up you can
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kind of see like what happened here like
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my name is josh my name my name is timmy
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i use this all the time it's really good
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for like writing vlogs if you've ever
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opened up like a log file there's like a
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date and like something that happened
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that it's really good for that kind of
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thing so we can do something like here
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we can go back to our our hosts i'll
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just like close this for now we can go
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back to our kind of hosts thing that we
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did up here and instead of write host we
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i'll just do something like
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yeah i'll just do this so normally if we
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run this right it just prints these
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three to the console but i could do
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something like this
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out put hosts text now i'll append it
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i'll save this and i'll run this and
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then we have like another text file over
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here called output hosts and then it
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kind of matches what we previously had
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printing printing to the console we just
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like redirected it to this text file
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here again i use this all the time for
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like writing logs and and just if i need
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to write something to a text file for
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whatever reason use it all the time so
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that is uh out file the outfile command
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and the next command on the list is test
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net connection and you can think about
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this as kind of like a ping on steroids
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essentially so i'll just i'll just type
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it and i'll show you so test net this is
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a great command by the way test net
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connection and then like i don't
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remember what the parameters are so you
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can always press tab when you're working
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in powershell ice or ise and then you
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can kind of see the parameters so we can
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say computer name and then we can just
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enter like you know something like
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google.com and then i only want to run
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this line so i'll just click this thing
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and then you can see it kind of returned
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uh this kind of basic things like
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computer name remote address this is ip6
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address ethernet ping ping success and
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then the the latency essentially so
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there's a lot more inside of this
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command but it kind of it shows you like
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a really high level summary of the
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status of the the net connection that
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was tested there's a lot of ways that we
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can see like the full detail of this so
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we can we can do like i'll just assign
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this to a variable so i'll say like host
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status equals and then i'll run this
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again and basically it's going to assign
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the status of this command to this
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variable so i'll run this and i can say
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i can go down here even i can say host
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status and then i can do a pipe and then
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i i'll say like select everything and
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we'll say enter and it shows like much
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there's like much much more that you can
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see a bunch of like dns records and and
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some other kind of information in here
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and it's kind of interesting uh going
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back to this there's kind of more stuff
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you can do with this you can check if
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certain ports are open so for example um
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port right here like i don't know if
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you've studied like security plus or
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network plus or anything but port 443 is
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usually like https maybe they're using a
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tls or something like this so we can
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test if por 443 is open for google.com
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so we'll click here and then we can say
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tcp tests succeeded true when before it
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said like a ping ping succeeded so now
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we're doing we're like pinging but it's
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over like tcp port 443 for instance so
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we can kind of take this even like a bit
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further and kind of integrate some of
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our other commands that we've used so
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instead of just doing like the
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individual like you know testing of
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google.com we can kind of erase this and
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then we can get rid of the stuff and
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then remember like this hosts thing
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we're reading in like these hosts like
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google.com instagram.com facebook so we
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can kind of set this uh for each loop or
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object to go through and like ping test
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like each one of those if that makes
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sense so remember if we just do like oh
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not hosts if we just do like dollar sign
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underscore and then run this it just
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prints out google instagram and facebook
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so if we want to do like a test net
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connection for each one of them we can
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do something like this we can do test
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net connection computer name and this is
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our computer name remember the dollar
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sign underscore represents kind of each
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one of these lines and then we can say
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port 443 and we can say 480 and then we
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can say like something like right host
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testing host
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and then dollar sign underscore and then
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we'll just do like a an empty
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and empty one afterwards so you can kind
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of maybe guess what's going to happen
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with this and then we'll run it and then
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kind of observe what happens here so
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that went really fast so basically we
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have testing host google.com and then it
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says like we see like testinghost
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google.com and it kind of shows we
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tested google over 443 and it was up and
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over 80 and it was up testing hosts
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instagram.com over 443 up 80 up and then
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facebook 443 up and then 80 is is true
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as well so it's pretty interesting like
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what you can do you can kind of think
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about how this might be useful if you
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have like a bunch of hosts you want to
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check to see if they're online or
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something you have a big ass like text
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file full of host names that's you know
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something you know that's how you could
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use these commands in conjunction with
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each other to kind of do something
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useful that has a business case business
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use case and the next command on the
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list is
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convert to json so this command it's not
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that useful unless you know what json is
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um json's just
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javascript object notation it's kind of
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used to represent data in a certain way
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and i i tend to use it a lot in
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powershell because a lot of the items
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and stuff you see in powershell they're
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actually objects for example for example
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we'll take the hosts variable that we
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made up here inside of the host variable
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if we say enter you can see it's simply
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just like google.com instagram and
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facebook.com but there's usually in
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powershell objects there's usually much
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more involved in that and if for some
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reason i want to see like what's in the
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object because i want to access it or
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read it for for some reason or another i
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usually use convert to json to kind of
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see what the object looks like if that
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makes sense so i'll just do a demo we'll
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show you like what it looks like so just
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normalhost.com has this inside it but it
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can convert to json you can kind of see
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it has like much much more properties in
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it than you than you might have thought
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so it kind of shows like the value so
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it's essentially like a list of text it
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kind of shows like all this like
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information about it like ps path it's
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like an array right and it has like
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value of this ps path is this where like
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where it lives the folder it lives and
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is this the child name is this and like
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all this kind of other stuff so it's
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possible to to reference these things
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inside of here like you don't have to
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don't care about this too much but for
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example hosts it's it looks like it's
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actually an array so if i want to do
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like the zeroth element of hosts i can
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say enter and it actually like shows
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google.com and like the first one it's
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instagram.com it's kind of interesting
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to like look at what certain objects are
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and then you can see the structure of
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them then you can like access data and
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like manipulate them in in different
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ways so for example if i do host 0 and
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then i do convert to json i can see like
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all this stuff it's it's really crazy
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this might be overwhelming to look at so
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don't don't like worry about it too much
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and the next command that's on the list
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is get date and that does pretty much
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what you think it would do so get date
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you can say enter and it kind of spits
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out a date for you here get date and
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then you can you can kind of uh get
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specific parts of the date by putting it
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in parentheses then you can say like
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getdate.date or you can say getdate.day
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day of week and it says thursday right
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because today's thursday it's just kind
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of a useful thing to do so for example
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one way that this is useful is
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like if we want to write some kind of
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log log file or something like this so
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again going back to our trusty for each
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loop here we can add like a line in here
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that says something like testing host
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well we're going to make a an output to
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a log file here with the data in it so
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we'll say something like testing host
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dollar sign underscore remember that
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represents each one of these lines
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dollar sign underscore dollar sign
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underscore every time this thing
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iterates we'll do this and then this is
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going to be like a log file so we're
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going to put like a date before the
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actual message that we're outputting to
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the log so we can do this get date yeah
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we'll just do this get date and then
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we'll do like a colon in a space and
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then we're going to output this to we're
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going to use out file again we'll say
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out file uh we'll just name this host
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test.log something like this and then
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we'll append it so we'll run this it's
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going to spit out a bunch of crap on the
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screen down here and then it's also
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going to give us a log file over here
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based on this so i'll just run this
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whole file let's say run here and the
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same thing happened out here again and
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then if we look on our host test.log it
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pretty much just printed out this thing
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right here this get date testing host
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and then the host name so we have the
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date the time testing the host and then
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the host and then the host name i should
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i should probably put like a hole in
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here or something but you you kind of
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get the point um get date you can use it
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to get the date you can get like
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specific specifically the year the day
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the month like if you need to like
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manipulate the date in a certain way i
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always do that with scripts um because
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sometimes you need the date in a certain
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format but yeah good day always use it
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like all the time and the next command
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is a really easy one it's just called
00:14:10
start sleep all it does is essentially
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pause the script for a certain amount of
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time you kind of notice in this last log
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that we ran here there's like not very
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much time in between the log entries
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which is okay but sometimes you want to
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slow down your script a little bit
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especially if you're dealing with like
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apis you're dealing with like a slow
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system or something you're processing
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like a large number of records where you
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can't just like dump all of them for one
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reason reason or another so you can do
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start sleep so this is our loop here so
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if i just do like start sleep i can put
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some time in between like each time the
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actions take place in the loop if that
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makes sense so i can say like start
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sleep and then you can say like seconds
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or milliseconds so we'll just do like
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seconds and we'll say like two seconds
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for example and i'll i'll just do
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something interesting here i'll use
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right hooks again and i'll say sleeping
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or two seconds background color maybe
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i'll do black foreground i'll do cyan
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just so we can do something a little bit
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more interesting so basically this
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script is gonna run it's gonna output
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this pause for two seconds it's gonna
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ride out this testing host to the
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command line it's going to log something
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and then it's going to test 443 and 80
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for these three hosts that are in here
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so i'll get rid of i'll just do 443 so
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i'll save this and i'll run it we see oh
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god that's hard to read
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i don't know i said it's weird so you
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can see it's sleeping for two seconds
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runs it sleeping for two seconds runs
00:15:29
it's sleeping for two seconds and then
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kind of runs it again now if i look in
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our uh host test.log you can kind of see
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what's been happening a little bit you
00:15:36
can see there's like exactly two seconds
00:15:38
between these like tests for the most
00:15:40
part this is this log format is bad but
00:15:42
anyway you could get the idea
00:15:44
the idea behind it so yeah that is start
00:15:47
sleep and the next command i've been
00:15:49
using it like all along this whole time
00:15:51
it's just essentially right host right
00:15:53
host i use it all the time to like
00:15:54
output stuff to the screen it's really
00:15:56
useful because you can like make colors
00:15:57
and stuff like the background color you
00:15:59
can do you know whatever color you think
00:16:02
is cool foreground color red my name is
00:16:05
josh it's just very useful like this my
00:16:07
name is josh of course you can just like
00:16:09
forego this whole thing and just you can
00:16:11
just do this in powershell and it runs
00:16:13
still but if you want to do something
00:16:15
like add color to it or do something
00:16:17
like this you can you can use right host
00:16:19
and you can do you can kind of customize
00:16:21
it it's really useful use it all the
00:16:22
time of course you saw me like using it
00:16:24
already like in the very beginning but
00:16:26
right host and the last two commands
00:16:27
they're kind of they're kind of boring
00:16:29
but they're also like really really
00:16:30
really useful and if you remember like
00:16:32
if you want to memorize like any
00:16:33
commands in those lists just memorize
00:16:35
the last two so this command it's just
00:16:37
called git command it's it's very very
00:16:40
simple so you can say git command and if
00:16:43
you don't remember a command you can use
00:16:45
git command to kind of find what it is
00:16:48
so for example i'll use git command star
00:16:50
right star and then it shows all the
00:16:52
powershell commands with the word right
00:16:55
in it so you can see inside of here like
00:16:56
write host like if you couldn't remember
00:16:58
the right host command but if you just
00:17:00
remembered host or just remembered right
00:17:02
you could use like git command to find
00:17:03
it you can pretty much find like any any
00:17:06
command like this as long as you know
00:17:08
like what part of the command is so for
00:17:10
example we can do like git command if we
00:17:12
want to like figure out how to reference
00:17:14
the hard disk or something like that we
00:17:16
can do git command star disk star and
00:17:19
say enter and then you see like all
00:17:20
these different commands that you can do
00:17:23
like get disk get disk image whole bunch
00:17:25
of disk commands or maybe you're like oh
00:17:27
what does git disk do you can say like
00:17:29
get disk oh my god let me shrink this
00:17:31
and try it again and it looks like it
00:17:32
printed out a bunch of information about
00:17:34
my my hard disk it seems like we can do
00:17:37
git disk select star and then you can
00:17:39
really see a bunch of information about
00:17:41
my hard drive so i have an nvme drive
00:17:44
the size is probably on here somewhere i
00:17:46
did see it just like a second ago you're
00:17:48
probably looking at it right now oh it's
00:17:50
right here this i i think this is like
00:17:51
half a terabyte i think this is in bytes
00:17:53
but anyway you kind of uh get the idea
00:17:56
like git command maybe there's like a
00:17:58
command that has to do with the cpu i
00:18:00
don't know doesn't look like it how
00:18:01
about processor doesn't look like it
00:18:03
about network whole bunch of network
00:18:05
commands uh by the way you can get stuff
00:18:07
about like the cpu and processor and
00:18:09
powershell but those just apparently
00:18:11
weren't the right commands but anyway
00:18:12
git command is really good and that kind
00:18:14
of leads us into our last command so if
00:18:17
you remember like any command in
00:18:19
powershell just remember this one this
00:18:21
is the the get help command you can
00:18:23
always just type git help and then for
00:18:25
example test net connection and you can
00:18:28
say like online like this and oh i guess
00:18:31
like every command doesn't have an
00:18:33
online aspect to it so maybe we can do
00:18:36
like instead of test net connection
00:18:37
we'll do like get content and then it
00:18:40
kind of opens up a web page um straight
00:18:42
to the microsoft docs that kind of shows
00:18:45
you how to use this command and it has
00:18:46
like a bunch of examples in here of how
00:18:49
it works if that makes sense so i i use
00:18:51
this quite a bit like if i i know that i
00:18:52
want to do something i know it's
00:18:54
possible but i don't really know how
00:18:55
i'll use like get help dash on whatever
00:18:58
the command is like dash online and it
00:19:00
will i'll like look at examples and kind
00:19:02
of learn how to do it yeah if you found
00:19:03
that interesting i have like this other
00:19:05
video here that kind of goes through
00:19:06
like setting up active directory and
00:19:08
like setting up the infrastructure and
00:19:10
like kind of toward the end i go through
00:19:12
this like long script where we like
00:19:14
import and create a thousand different
00:19:16
user accounts using powershell and it's
00:19:18
relatively real world for the most part
00:19:20
go ahead and check that out if you want
00:19:21
to yeah that's my top 10 powershell
00:19:23
commands i hope that it was useful if
00:19:25
you thought it was useful please feel
00:19:27
free to like and subscribe i'm trying to
00:19:28
get to 10k subs so if you could sub i
00:19:31
would really appreciate a lot definitely
00:19:33
i respond to everybody's comments all
00:19:35
the time so if you want to leave
00:19:36
comments 100 i'm going to read it and
00:19:38
respond to it i also have patreon if you
00:19:40
feel like supporting me and i also do
00:19:42
mentoring as well you can check both of
00:19:43
those things out in the description but
00:19:45
otherwise yeah thank you so much for
00:19:46
watching this far and we will see you
00:19:48
next time bye
00:19:54
you
