Boko Haram: A decade of terror explained - BBC Africa

00:06:45
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsVgXJLXtdw

Resumo

TLDRBoko Haram, en militant gruppe i Nordøst-Nigeria, blev grundlagt af Mohammed Yusuf, der kritiserede vestlig uddannelse og den nigerianske regering. Efter en mislykket opstand i 2009 og Yusufs død, tog Abubakar Shekau over. Gruppen blev berygtet for sine angreb, herunder kidnapningen af skolepiger i Chibok i 2014. Konflikten har dræbt over 30.000 mennesker og fordrevet millioner. Boko Haram har splittet, med ISWAP, der fokuserer på at opbygge et kalifat i Vestafrika. Konflikten fortsætter, og det er usikkert, hvornår den vil ende.

Conclusões

  • 🕊️ Boko Haram begyndte som en opstand mod vestlig uddannelse.
  • 👤 Mohammed Yusuf var grundlæggeren af Boko Haram.
  • 💔 Over 30.000 mennesker er blevet dræbt i konflikten.
  • 📚 Kidnapningen af 276 skolepiger i Chibok skabte global opmærksomhed.
  • 🔄 Boko Haram har ændret lederskab og strategier gennem årene.
  • 🌍 ISWAP forsøger at etablere et kalifat i Vestafrika.
  • 👩‍🎓 Leah Sharibu forbliver i fangenskab for sin tro.
  • ⚔️ Den nigerianske militær har været kritiseret for sin håndtering af konflikten.
  • 📈 Boko Haram har fordrevet millioner af mennesker.
  • 🔍 Konflikten ser ikke ud til at ende snart.

Linha do tempo

  • 00:00:00 - 00:06:45

    For ti år siden begyndte et voldeligt oprør, der har rystet Nordøst-Nigeria og nabolandene. Konflikten, der involverer Boko Haram, har dræbt over 30.000 mennesker og fordrevet millioner. Boko Haram, der betyder 'vestlig uddannelse er forbudt', blev grundlagt af Mohammed Yusuf, som kritiserede den korruptionsramte og ikke-islamiske regering. Han tiltrak en bred gruppe af tilhængere, der delte hans ideologi om at etablere en teokratisk islamisk stat. I juli 2009 forsøgte Boko Haram at vælte den nigerianske regering, hvilket resulterede i 800 dødsfald og mange arrestationer. Selvom Yusuf blev dræbt, markerede dette oprør begyndelsen på en langvarig konflikt.

Mapa mental

Vídeo de perguntas e respostas

  • Hvad betyder Boko Haram?

    Boko Haram betyder 'vestlig uddannelse er forbudt'.

  • Hvem grundlagde Boko Haram?

    Boko Haram blev grundlagt af Mohammed Yusuf.

  • Hvornår begyndte konflikten med Boko Haram?

    Konflikten begyndte for ti år siden med en voldsom opstand.

  • Hvad var Chibok-hændelsen?

    I april 2014 kidnappede Boko Haram 276 skolepiger fra Chibok.

  • Hvad er ISWAP?

    ISWAP står for Islamic State West Africa Province, en fraktion af Boko Haram.

  • Hvor mange mennesker er blevet dræbt af Boko Haram?

    Over 30.000 mennesker er blevet dræbt af Boko Haram.

  • Hvad er de nuværende strategier for Boko Haram?

    Boko Haram har ændret strategier, herunder brugen af kvindelige selvmordsbombere.

  • Hvad er status for de kidnappede piger fra Dapchi?

    De fleste af de 110 piger fra Dapchi blev frigivet, men Leah Sharibu forbliver i fangenskab.

  • Hvordan har den nigerianske regering reageret på Boko Haram?

    Den nigerianske regering har været kritiseret for sin håndtering af konflikten og militærets lav moral.

  • Hvad er ISWAPs tilgang til kontrol?

    ISWAP fokuserer på at vinde lokalsamfundets hjerter og sind gennem statslige projekter.

Ver mais resumos de vídeos

Obtenha acesso instantâneo a resumos gratuitos de vídeos do YouTube com tecnologia de IA!
Legendas
en
Rolagem automática:
  • 00:00:01
    Ten years ago a violent uprising began.
  • 00:00:05
    Since then, it’s shaken the North East of Nigeria, and neighbouring countries.
  • 00:00:09
    It’s a conflict that’s killed more than 30 000 people, and displaced millions more.
  • 00:00:15
    I’m talking, of course, of Boko Haram.
  • 00:00:17
    But who are Boko Haram?
  • 00:00:18
    And why has Nigeria’s battle with them lasted over a decade?
  • 00:00:25
    So how did it all begin?
  • 00:00:27
    Boko Haram means ‘Western education is forbidden’.
  • 00:00:31
    It was formed by this man: Mohammed Yusuf.
  • 00:00:34
    He hated the West and was very critical of the government, which he saw as corrupt and
  • 00:00:39
    un-Islamic.
  • 00:00:42
    He set up a religious complex, including a mosque and an Islamic school in Maiduguri,
  • 00:00:47
    the capital of Borno state.
  • 00:00:49
    He was a charismatic speaker whose followers were a mixed bag, not only some of society's
  • 00:00:54
    poorest but also upper class and university students, who invited him to speak on campus.
  • 00:01:01
    They accepted the ideology, they accepted the belief, the belief of establishing a theocratic
  • 00:01:06
    Islamic state.
  • 00:01:07
    And all the people who joined him, even though Mohammed Yusuf was attending to their needs,
  • 00:01:11
    he was providing social services to them,
  • 00:01:14
    the core reason why most of them joined was ideology.
  • 00:01:19
    In July 2009, Boko Haram staged a failed uprising against the Nigerian government.
  • 00:01:24
    Eight hundred people were killed, and many of their members arrested.
  • 00:01:29
    Authorities thought they’d successfully crushed the group when Mohammed Yusuf was
  • 00:01:32
    killed in police custody.
  • 00:01:34
    But that July uprising marked the beginning of a ten year long battle
  • 00:01:38
    that continues to this day.
  • 00:01:42
    Just a year after the uprising, one of Yusuf’s lieutenants, Abubakar Shekau, announced he
  • 00:01:47
    was now the new leader of Boko Haram.
  • 00:01:50
    The re-emergence of Boko Haram under Shekau’s leadership marked one of the first times when
  • 00:01:55
    authorities claimed to have defeated Boko Haram, only for the group to resurface.
  • 00:02:00
    It’s a pattern that would be repeated time and again over the next decade.
  • 00:02:05
    In August 2011, Boko Haram made international headlines when it sent a car bomb into the
  • 00:02:11
    United Nations compound in Abuja.
  • 00:02:14
    Twenty-three people were killed, and more than seventy-five injured.
  • 00:02:20
    The next few years would be some of the group’s deadliest.
  • 00:02:25
    Between 2013 and 2015, Boko Haram killed more than eleven thousand people.
  • 00:02:32
    It was impossible to count the number of dead bodies, there were so many.
  • 00:02:37
    Women, men and children were killed.
  • 00:02:40
    During that period, the group seized more and more territory - and by 2015 was in control
  • 00:02:46
    of much of Nigeria’s Borno state.
  • 00:02:49
    It also spread its attacks beyond Nigeria’s borders, to neighbouring Niger, Chad and Cameroon.
  • 00:02:55
    As people fled the terror, the UN estimates that over 2.2 million people were displaced.
  • 00:03:03
    But Boko Haram’s most notorious attacks came when they targeted schoolgirls.
  • 00:03:08
    One night in April 2014, students of the Girls’ Secondary School of the northern town of Chibok
  • 00:03:14
    were sleeping in their dormitories.
  • 00:03:18
    But armed members of Boko Haram stormed the boarding school.
  • 00:03:21
    They bundled 276 terrified schoolgirls together and took them away.
  • 00:03:28
    The abduction led to global outrage.
  • 00:03:30
    Prominent global figures asked for more to be done to free the girls.
  • 00:03:48
    But although a number of them have been released in the last five years, more than a hundred
  • 00:03:53
    of the students are still missing.
  • 00:03:55
    The Chibok incident showed Boko Haram that kidnappings could bring them publicity.
  • 00:04:00
    Four years after Chibok, they abducted 110 schoolgirls from the town of Dapchi.
  • 00:04:05
    Most were released a month later.
  • 00:04:08
    But one of them, a Christian student called Leah Sharibu remains in captivity.
  • 00:04:13
    Her peers say she refused to give up her faith.
  • 00:04:16
    Since 2013, more than a thousand children  have been abducted by the terror group.
  • 00:04:23
    The Nigerian military have been criticised for their failure to free those kidnapped
  • 00:04:27
    by Boko Haram.
  • 00:04:28
    Low morale and corruption have left the army floundering.
  • 00:04:31
    But Boko Haram’s shifting strategy, including the use of female suicide bombers, has made
  • 00:04:36
    them hard to pin down.
  • 00:04:38
    In recent years Boko Haram has fractured and split, forging new alliances, and developing
  • 00:04:44
    new tactics.
  • 00:04:46
    In 2015 Boko Haram lost its self-proclaimed capital, Gwoza, to Nigerian troops.
  • 00:04:52
    Over time, the government has taken back territory, forcing the group towards the hilly area east
  • 00:04:57
    of Gwoza, as well as Lake Chad and the Sambisa Forest.
  • 00:05:01
    Whilst losing territory, Abubakar Shekau looked for new international allies.
  • 00:05:06
    He pledged allegiance to the so-called Islamic State.
  • 00:05:10
    But IS had other ideas.
  • 00:05:11
    A year later, it announced that the new leader of what was now known as the Islamic State
  • 00:05:16
    West Africa Province, was Abu Musab al-Barnarwi.
  • 00:05:21
    Remember this guy? Mohammed Yusuf, the founder of Boko Haram?
  • 00:05:24
    Well, Al Barnawi is believed to be his son.
  • 00:05:27
    Although he keeps a low profile - there are no verified images of him.
  • 00:05:31
    So Boko Haram was now split.
  • 00:05:34
    Abubakar Shekau remained in control of another faction, now known as
  • 00:05:38
    Jama’tu Ahlis Sunna Lidda’awati wal-Jihad.
  • 00:05:41
    Or JAS to you and me.
  • 00:05:44
    The Islamic State West Africa Province, also known as ISWAP, has developed new tactics
  • 00:05:48
    - focusing on winning the hearts and minds of the communities in the territory it controls.
  • 00:05:55
    ISWAP's tactic now is actually, is a combination of, not just warfare, but it's also a combination
  • 00:06:02
    of a state building project, so ISWAP is actually engaging in that state-building project, having
  • 00:06:08
    their own judicial system where they establish court judgements.
  • 00:06:14
    Also monitoring economic activities, especially the fish farming, the cattle rearing and the
  • 00:06:19
    farming activity in the region.
  • 00:06:20
    Now all of these activities were not the activities we saw from Boko Haram at the early and the
  • 00:06:26
    nascent stage.
  • 00:06:27
    As IS’s caliphate is lost in the Middle East, ISWAP is attempting to establish one
  • 00:06:33
    in West Africa.
  • 00:06:35
    If it is successful, this insurgency could be around in another decade.
Etiquetas
  • Boko Haram
  • Nordøst-Nigeria
  • Mohammed Yusuf
  • Abubakar Shekau
  • Chibok
  • ISWAP
  • konflikt
  • kidnapning
  • terrorisme
  • voldsom opstand