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this video was produced to introduce
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basic information about the operation of
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standard equipment machinery and tools
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found in a metal shop
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a video cannot replace in-person
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instruction watching a video does not
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replace experience and this video does
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not introduce every possible situation
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or circumstance involved in using
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equipment successfully and safely
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i do not assume liability for damage or
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injury resulting from the information
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this video provides
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continuing to watch this video affirms
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your agreement to wave any claim of
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liability you may have against me by
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implementing any procedure or
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recommendation contained here
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shops are inherently dangerous places
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full of equipment that can cause injury
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if not used correctly
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you must use care and pay attention when
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using equipment for your own safety and
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for the safety of those around you
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dress appropriately to work with
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equipment wear shoes that protect your
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feet and clothes that cover your skin
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remove all loose clothing and jewelry
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wear eye protection at all times if you
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do not feel confident using a piece of
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equipment
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don't ask for help or guidance from
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someone with more experience
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okay the next thing we're going to talk
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about are rivets
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i love riveting don't laugh
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a million years ago i made
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these like really a million years ago
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stainless steel
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i don't know what they're for cooking
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maybe
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didn't matter that's what they are laser
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cut
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rivets so i clean up the metal this
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one's not cleaned up
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rivet them together and bend them at its
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most basic
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a rivet is some metal through
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holes in multiple layers of sheet metal
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that is then squished
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to keep that metal together there are a
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lot
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of versions
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you can buy rivets you can buy pre-made
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rivets
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here are some copper ones they have a
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domed head
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flat shoulder and a shaft
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you can get them in all different
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lengths it should go through your metal
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and have enough to dome over on the
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other side so this is for very thick
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metal
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but you can also cut it shorter with a
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jeweler saw if you wanted to put this
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through some
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thinner metal you can buy them in all
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different metals these are copper
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you can buy them in brass you can buy
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them in aluminum
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our supply store has a bunch of rivets
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ready for you
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from hanson rivet and you should learn
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what these labels mean
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there's lots of information on here but
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the tiny little code
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means something it's an aluminum rivet
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with a gold finish
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and the other numbers refer to the
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dimensions
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this is an aluminum rivet with a gold
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finish so people who don't know better
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see this and assume it's brass
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or gold but it's just an anodized
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gold surface over aluminum so these are
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very soft
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which is great for riveting they have a
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pan head a flat shoulder
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a shaft
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so this is a rivet press it's mounted to
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the table
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it has an arm that pulls down we've got
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two rivet sets here
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the bottom is concave and polished and
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the top is flat and polished
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so i can put my rivet dome side down
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and it will maintain that beautiful
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finish
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and then i can just squeeze this side
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this requires a little bit of care
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i can squeeze a little bit and still
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maintain movement
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i can squeeze more and lock that up and
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make it tighter
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so there is no release there's no spring
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load you just press
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instead of hammering and you get a
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smoother finish
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slightly more elegant this has
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limitations in depth
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and in height so you need to be able to
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access both sides and fit your work in
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here but this is a really
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nice way to make a fast neat rivet
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right now this press is set up with a
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concave polished surface on the bottom
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and a concave polished surface on the
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top so i can put
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a rivet that has a domed head in there
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and compress
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it and i will end up with a dome surface
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on both sides
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which is super elegant so you can buy
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rivets but you can also make
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your own just out of wire it's really
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good to have an assortment of wires
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lying around if you're going to do a lot
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of riveting
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so this is brass wire this is copper
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wire
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this is aluminum wire they're all
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different sizes
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they fit in different size holes and i
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can cut it to any length i want
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what you need to know about making your
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own rivets or even buying them
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is the metal you're using must be softer
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than the metal you're riveting together
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if you make the mistake which many many
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people do
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of taking a piece of welding rod which
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looks like copper on the outside
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put it next to my copper rod looks the
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same
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but if you look at the end it's shiny
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silver steel
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if you hold a magnet up to it it's
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magnetic also it's incredibly straight
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copper wire is never that straight
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because it's softer so what most
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students do is go buy this really
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inexpensive rod
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they cut a piece off and then they
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mangle it because it's so much denser
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and harder
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than the thin steel they're trying to
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rivet together so
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i would never use that for a rivet
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let's do a basic rivet
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okay riveting takes some
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planning i'm going to use a hand punch
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what you want to do is match the punch
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size to
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your wire let's use the eighth inch
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punch
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i'm going to punch holes in two pieces
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of metal i'm not measuring
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i'm not being careful i'm not making
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anything nice
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i'm just showing you riveting so i have
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holes
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i should try and match those holes to my
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wire size
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which sometimes can happen and sometimes
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can't this wire is quite a bit smaller
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than that so if i try and
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make that rivet the metal is going to
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squish over in ways that i don't like
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that fits about the same this is much
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too thick
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so what i can do is either change the
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punch and get the right punch size
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or take a handy reamer
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and just open that hole up enough that
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it fits my my wire really nicely
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should be snug
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so i've got my metal that goes nicely
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through there
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in my dream world i've pre-made my
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rivets with a nice square edge
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i would use a jeweler saw i would take a
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file and clean that up beautifully but
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i know that the dream world doesn't
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exist much
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so i'm going to show you a cheat i want
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to put it through
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the metal if you're trying to make a
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statement rivet you might leave it
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longer if you're trying to just make an
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elegant short rivet you could make it
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shorter i'm sure there's some math
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that people do to get these the right
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length so it
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i would jeweler saw this if i were doing
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it and i would measure this
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but i know my constituents who don't
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want to spend the time jeweler sawing
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this
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so i want to show you that if i just nip
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it with these nippers
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it has a terrible pointed tip so
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many people decide to just use that as a
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rivet and there's metal unevenly
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distributed there
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and it will wind up squishing unevenly
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but you could
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go back on the other axis with these
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nippers
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and at least smoosh the tip of this
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into more of a point you could also take
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your file
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and file it and that would be the best
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thing to do
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if you're going to do a lot of riveting
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holding them to file them is quite a
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challenge
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there are all sorts of tools for holding
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things i don't know what they're called
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they're made for jewelers who hold lots
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of small things it has leather
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jaws and it holds this nicely it's made
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to put a ring on this side
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while you work on it but that's a really
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nice way and then you file against the
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grip not with it or it'll wiggle
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that's a really nice way to give you
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better grip especially when those of you
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who are young now with strong hands get
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old and your hands don't work so well
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you will like having some tools so i've
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just
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made that a better edge so now i've got
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all the components
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i need i have metal with a hole two
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layers
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i have a piece of aluminum wire that
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fits nicely through
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i'm gonna put that in and i'm ready to
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go you must never
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hammer on something that wasn't meant to
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be hammered on some of our vices have an
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anvil in the back you can hammer on but
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don't hammer on any of the moving parts
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i brought with me a metal block from
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home this probably has a name too i
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don't know what it's called
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a portable anvil we have anvils we have
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lots of things you can hammer on but
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don't hammer on something that you
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shouldn't
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and then all i'm gonna do
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is hammer it a little bit on this side a
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little bit on this side
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while i can still move it i want to
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adjust that so it's evenly spaced
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because i want it pretty
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and i'm going to keep working from both
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sides and i want to try and bring the
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sides
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in flat if you hammer off and you get
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one side on an angle
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the whole thing will then angle and
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smush
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on on a diagonal so the trick is just to
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work from both sides
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that's it i have made a rivet a lot of
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people would argue that i have made an
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inelegant rivet i would argue that
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i could also find a hammer with a curved
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surface
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and go back
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and make it intentionally messy
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i happen to think that's a really
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elegant look it says i'm handmade but
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i'm careful
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if you're ever assembling something out
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of sheet metal where you want
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movement a rivet is a really elegant way
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to secure things
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but allow movement let's do one so you
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can see that in action
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i'm going to do a copper rivet i happen
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to know that this copper is not annealed
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it's very hard
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if i were actually seriously making a
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lot of rivets with this i would anneal
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it which is the process of heating the
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metal up to relax it
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and that's something that that we can do
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in the shop if you
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ask for some help so this time i cut a
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copper rivet
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and i use the jeweler saw and i want to
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also go around and just file
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a very slight chamfer on that because
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when i hit this
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that outer edge flares out
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and if i really want this to be an
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elegant rivet i have to remove some of
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that material just around the edge
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so that it compresses outwards a little
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more elegantly
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i really like using a contrasting tone a
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contrasting metal for my rivets
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aluminum on aluminum is fine
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i'm fussy about metal color i really
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like copper and aluminum or bronze and
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aluminum
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so for me that's the best rivet
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situation
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oh that's hard
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so i've just i've just condensed the
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metal enough to keep this together
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but it's really loose and can move quite
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easily now
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if that's too loose i could hammer more
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one of the nice things about riveting is
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you can
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keep testing it you can hammer a little
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move it around a little bit
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so i have a really nice looking detail i
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have really nice
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containment and i have really amazing
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movement
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think of all the things you could do
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with that
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here are some samples in really terrible
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thin steel
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of different rivets this is a copper
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rivet that's domed
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this is the this is how it started its
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life so i trimmed it shorter
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and then i just hammered this side a
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little bit
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that's a super ridiculously over scaled
00:12:07
rivet for this for what it's doing but
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if you're making something where the
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rivets are really visible
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you could turn that into a really
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exciting intentional detail
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this is just a piece of copper wire
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that's been hammered in
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and then this is that same copper rivet
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but with a piece of tubing in between so
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this is also a really elegant method
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of getting two layers spaced apart
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but contained together i want to
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tell you a little bit about my hammer
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which is fancy the hammers we have in
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the shop
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ball peen hammers are just fine for
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riveting
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there's nothing wrong with this end
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and you can also use the peen hat side
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if you want to texture something i do a
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lot of
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riveting and i have a hammer that's
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polished or at least was
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once so it will transfer the smoother
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surface onto the copper and i can get a
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shinier rivet
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i also have a flat side and a dome side
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that's just a basic idea of rivet
00:13:19
piece of metal squishing metal together
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but there are many
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many other options you can make
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a rivet out of a piece of tubing there
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is it even says
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pretty tube rivet so this is a piece of
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tubing that was put through the hole and
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then the ends are flared over
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on both sides this is a really beautiful
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detail
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especially if you are making something
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where you want to pass wire through what
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you're doing
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just like on clothing with a grommet
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that's a beautiful edging detail you can
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also make it so that you have rotation
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let's look at how to do that so i just
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have a piece of brass tubing from the 3d
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store
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you can get lots of different tubing
00:14:03
you can get different sizes you can get
00:14:04
different materials here's some tiny
00:14:06
aluminum tubing
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here's some larger aluminum tubing this
00:14:10
has very thin wall
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so it's a little bit fussy to work with
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that's what this is made out of which is
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why it's a little squished there
00:14:18
i mean if you really want you could take
00:14:20
this tubing
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and do something with it with a tubing
00:14:25
rivet getting the length correct is
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really important
00:14:29
i don't know a formula for that i'm sure
00:14:32
there is one
00:14:33
i would experiment and then figure out
00:14:35
what the right length was
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and write that down and make more that
00:14:39
length but for now i'm just going to
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guess
00:14:42
you could use a tubing cutter to cut
00:14:44
this but it compresses the end
00:14:47
and then it's very difficult to flare
00:14:48
that out and make it into a rivet
00:14:50
if you use handheld cutters you'll just
00:14:52
squish the tubing completely
00:14:54
so unfortunately for anyone who doesn't
00:14:56
like the jeweler saw
00:14:58
it really is the best tool for cutting
00:14:59
tubing
00:15:04
it's also a little frustrating to cut
00:15:05
tubing it tends to pinch the blade
00:15:08
and then just like with a wire rivet i
00:15:10
want to clean up that edge a little bit
00:15:13
i'm going to just file the burr off
00:15:27
i got my piece of tubing through my hole
00:15:29
with extra on either side
00:15:32
probably more than i need and what i
00:15:34
want to do is flare that tubing over on
00:15:36
both sides and then condense it around
00:15:38
i've found that a really nice tool for
00:15:40
that is the very wide center punch
00:15:42
that has almost no point that lives in
00:15:45
the cupboard here
00:15:46
because i can use it and i'm not using
00:15:49
my nice hammer i'm using this hammer
00:15:54
i can use it to flare that metal out
00:15:58
and just like with a normal rivet i'm
00:16:00
going to work from both sides
00:16:08
once that metal is flared out a little
00:16:09
bit i can switch to using the pin
00:16:12
on the hammer
00:16:17
and work on turning that metal around
00:16:21
what you're all going to want to do
00:16:24
is the lowest form of riveting possible
00:16:26
which is called a blind rivet or a pop
00:16:28
rivet
00:16:29
blind rivets arrived with the aviation
00:16:31
industry
00:16:32
because the kind of rivets i've been
00:16:34
showing you you need access to the front
00:16:36
and back of the piece
00:16:37
and that will be a problem for a lot of
00:16:39
the things that people want to do with
00:16:41
sheet metal
00:16:42
a blind rivet allows you to go in from
00:16:44
the outside only
00:16:46
and create a rivet pop rivets come in
00:16:50
all different kinds and sizes the
00:16:52
packages will tell you
00:16:54
about all the dimensions
00:16:57
i have lots of these i have copper ones
00:17:01
the shaft is steel and copper plated
00:17:04
aluminum ones the shaft is steel and the
00:17:07
rivet is aluminum
00:17:08
the aluminum ones can be anodized so
00:17:10
there's some white ones
00:17:12
they come very very short for thin metal
00:17:14
and they come
00:17:15
ridiculously long i don't have any
00:17:18
ridiculously long ones here oh yes i do
00:17:20
there ridiculously long this is designed
00:17:22
to put through something very very thick
00:17:24
so just the end flares over and that's a
00:17:26
long shaft
00:17:29
so i've got the rivet through the holes
00:17:33
it has enough sticking out that it will
00:17:35
make a mush on that side but not too
00:17:37
much
00:17:38
and i'm going to put it in the rivet gun
00:17:41
and i'm going to squeeze
00:17:42
i would make sure your metal is up
00:17:44
against the shoulder because once you
00:17:46
squeeze
00:17:46
let's do one with no metal on it so you
00:17:48
can see what happens each time i squeeze
00:17:50
it's
00:17:50
pulling the steel shaft up and
00:17:52
condensing that aluminum
00:17:55
one squeeze two squeeze
00:17:58
and each time i release i'm going to
00:18:01
push it back down on
00:18:02
because the amount that it has pulled up
00:18:05
needs to be
00:18:06
shoved back in and you can see this is
00:18:08
it's just getting uglier and uglier
00:18:10
but as that steel shaft pulls in it's
00:18:11
expanding the aluminum to hold your
00:18:13
metal together
00:18:14
and then when it gets too much pressure
00:18:18
so when that's all as tight as it can be
00:18:21
it will break off
00:18:23
and this is why we also call this a pop
00:18:26
rivet because it does that
00:18:30
then the steel shaft is inside here and
00:18:32
you have to make sure you open the
00:18:33
handle and get it out
00:18:35
they tend to bind up in there if you
00:18:37
don't here's the one that i'm set up to
00:18:39
do with a better size rivet
00:18:41
it takes some hand strength to do this
00:18:42
and remember if you hold it at the end
00:18:44
of the handle you'll get better
00:18:46
better action but if you have small
00:18:48
hands this is going to be really
00:18:49
difficult
00:18:50
and when it gets tight you can feel all
00:18:52
the resistance i usually
00:18:53
then get both hands break that off
00:18:58
so there's the back it's not hideous
00:19:02
but it's not as elegant as a handmade
00:19:04
rivet also
00:19:06
it still has the end of the steel shaft
00:19:07
in there it has broken the steel shaft
00:19:09
off
00:19:10
on this side so a pop rivet has a pretty
00:19:13
shoulder but it always has a sharp piece
00:19:14
of steel in the middle
00:19:16
and it always has a smush on the back so
00:19:18
these are really really useful
00:19:19
for assembling things i think they're
00:19:21
great for sketching if you want to
00:19:23
attach a bunch of stuff
00:19:24
fast hold it together there's
00:19:27
nothing faster than this and if you've
00:19:30
made something where you can only access
00:19:32
the outside
00:19:32
you'll have to use something like a pop
00:19:34
rivet but you'll never get a really nice
00:19:37
detail out of it
00:19:40
the other kind of rivet i want to talk
00:19:42
about
00:19:43
is called not a solid rivet and not a
00:19:46
tubular rivet
00:19:47
but a semi-tubular rivet semi-tubular
00:19:50
rivets have a head a solid head
00:19:53
and then a piece of tubing and you put
00:19:55
it in and flare that tubing over so you
00:19:57
get all of the
00:19:59
elegance of a perfect little finished
00:20:01
domed head
00:20:02
and all of the sort of neat finish of a
00:20:04
rolled tubular
00:20:06
rivet and these are designed to be set
00:20:09
with
00:20:10
a rivet set
00:20:14
for years i made pins thousands of
00:20:17
little pins that said amusing things
00:20:20
this one says i need this like i need a
00:20:23
hole in the head
00:20:25
i was planning for this year
00:20:28
decades ago and so i
00:20:32
have a press that i would do this on but
00:20:34
just to show you
00:20:36
here we'll do it by hand this was the
00:20:39
fastest way to assemble things where the
00:20:40
metal
00:20:41
had a a coating on it and couldn't be
00:20:43
heated
00:20:45
and then if i take my set
00:20:55
there are handsets available i
00:20:58
have never found this very useful
00:21:00
because it has such a shallow throat
00:21:02
and because it's quite hard to hold you
00:21:05
could put it in a vise while you're
00:21:06
using it but i found this to be a
00:21:08
struggle so
00:21:09
i used it three times and put it away we
00:21:12
have a
00:21:12
deeper throated press here that's about
00:21:14
eight inches
00:21:16
and you can also set them by hand
00:21:20
so here are two pieces of aluminum and a
00:21:22
semi-tubular rivet
00:21:26
i've got the domed head up and
00:21:29
the flare side down
00:21:34
you just have to be sensitive about how
00:21:35
much pressure it needs
00:21:37
a bit more
00:21:41
and there very quickly i've given myself
00:21:43
one of the most elegant rivet situations
00:21:45
a domed head on one side
00:21:46
and a perfectly flared semi-tubular
00:21:50
inside
00:21:51
i've also done it loose enough that i
00:21:52
can rotate
00:21:55
and i know you're going to laugh but i
00:21:57
used to have students put five rivets in
00:22:00
two squares of metal to practice a solid
00:22:03
store-bought rivet
00:22:04
a handmade rivet a pop rivet a
00:22:07
semi-tubular rivet
00:22:08
and a tubular rivet and this is
00:22:10
generally what they look like which is
00:22:11
so discouraging i hope you see how wrong
00:22:13
this is
00:22:14
the goal was to practice riveting until
00:22:16
you could do all of these nicely
00:22:18
and turn in a beautiful little sample of
00:22:20
your beautiful rivets
00:22:21
um this is my idea of a nightmare
00:22:27
and all of these have gone wrong these
00:22:28
are just pop rivets because the student
00:22:30
didn't even want to bother
00:22:31
this is a solid rivet that's not even
00:22:33
tight
00:22:35
once this metal wrinkled it could never
00:22:37
be pulled together again
00:22:39
this is a supposed to be a tubular rivet
00:22:41
but it's missing the whole point of a
00:22:42
tubular rivet
00:22:44
this is a semi-tubular rivet that even
00:22:45
with a machine to do it
00:22:47
is a mess so you can use rivets to make
00:22:50
horrible ugly things
00:22:51
but you can also with almost no extra
00:22:54
effort have
00:22:55
a whole range of really beautiful
00:22:57
options
00:22:58
for attaching metal elegantly and
00:23:06
usefully
00:23:14
woohoo
