Time Tense and Aspect

00:15:01
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEkYAwYeff4

Resumo

TLDRIn this episode of "Sela Insider," the host addresses the often-misunderstood concepts of time, tense, and aspect in the English language. There's a common misconception about the number of tenses in English, with answers ranging from 3 to 24, but in truth, there are only two: present and past. The future is not a tense because it does not involve a change in verb form; rather, it uses auxiliary verbs like 'will' or 'going to.' When discussing aspects, the host explains that there are two: continuous (or progressive) and perfect. The continuous aspect relates to ongoing actions and uses the present participle form of the verb (-ing), while the perfect aspect denotes completed actions and uses the past participle (the third form of the verb). The host highlights that English learners often confuse tense with time reference, leading to misunderstandings about how tenses operate. Present tenses can express habitual actions, present actions, future actions, or even past events. Similarly, past tenses can reflect past, present, or future actions - showcasing the flexibility and complexity of English grammar. The episode concludes by analyzing several example sentences to demonstrate these points, underlining the distinct characteristics and functions of English tenses and aspects.

Conclusões

  • 🌟 Only two tenses in English: present and past.
  • ❌ Future is not considered a tense because the verb form doesn't change.
  • 📚 'Tense' refers to verb form change due to conjugation.
  • 🔄 Two aspects: continuous (progressive) and perfect.
  • 🕒 Present tense can refer to habitual, current, future, or past actions.
  • 📜 Past tense can refer to past, present, or future actions.
  • 🖋 Perfect aspect uses past participles for completion actions.
  • 🔍 Continuous aspect involves present participles for ongoing actions.
  • 🌀 English tenses are flexible and not strictly tied to time references.
  • 🔑 Misunderstanding tenses and time references can confuse learners.

Linha do tempo

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The speaker introduces the episode's topic about time, tense, and aspect in English grammar. They challenge common perceptions by stating that there are only two tenses in English: present and past. The speaker explains that the tense refers to the change in verb form or conjugation, highlighting that the future tense does not involve a change in verb form, unlike present and past. This lack of change is why future is not considered a separate tense.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    The discussion moves to aspects, with only two in English: continuous and perfect. Aspects are defined by how the verb is observed, either as progressing or completed. These aspects relate to participles; the present participle is linked to the continuous aspect, while the past participle relates to the perfect aspect. The speaker provides examples to clarify how tenses and aspects are recognized and how they function in sentences, emphasizing that each tense and aspect affects the interpretation of time in a sentence.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:01

    The speaker examines how time references in English are complicated and not strictly tied to the tense used. They provide examples showing how the present tense can refer to past, present, future, or habitual actions. Similarly, the past tense can denote actions in the past, present, future, or reflect habitual states. This complexity in time references across tenses demonstrates the flexibility and sometimes confusion present in English grammar. The episode concludes with a summary of the two tenses and aspects discussed, along with the inconsistency of time references.

Mapa mental

Mind Map

Perguntas frequentes

  • How many tenses are there in English?

    There are only two tenses in English: present and past.

  • Why isn't future considered a tense in English?

    Future is not a tense because the verb form is not conjugated; the verb remains unchanged unlike in present and past tenses.

  • What is a tense in terms of verb conjugation?

    A tense refers to a change in the form of the verb due to conjugation.

  • What are the two aspects in English language?

    The two aspects are the continuous (or progressive) aspect and the perfect aspect.

  • What does the perfect aspect relate to in terms of verb forms?

    The perfect aspect relates to the past participle form of the verb.

  • How can the present tense be used to refer to different times?

    The present tense can refer to habitual actions, current actions, future actions, or even past actions.

  • How are past participles used in terms of aspect?

    Past participles are used for the perfect aspect.

  • Can past tenses refer to present and future actions?

    Yes, past tenses can refer to present and future actions, besides past actions.

  • Are English tenses strictly aligned with time references?

    No, English tenses are not strictly aligned with time references. Present tenses can denote past or future actions, and past tenses can denote present or future actions.

  • What defines the progressive aspect?

    The progressive aspect is defined by the use of the present participle (verb + -ing).

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  • 00:00:07
    [Music]
  • 00:00:08
    [Applause]
  • 00:00:10
    welcome my friends to a new episode of
  • 00:00:13
    Sela Insider and in this episode we're
  • 00:00:17
    going to talk about time tense and
  • 00:00:21
    aspect so let me start with um this
  • 00:00:26
    question how many tenses do we have in
  • 00:00:29
    English language and I asked this
  • 00:00:31
    question to so many um English language
  • 00:00:34
    teachers and um some people um said 12
  • 00:00:39
    some people said um 18 some people said
  • 00:00:43
    24 and some people said three but hardly
  • 00:00:47
    Did anyone say two which is surprise
  • 00:00:50
    surprise the correct answer because in
  • 00:00:53
    English language we have only two
  • 00:00:56
    tenses now someone might say shedy and
  • 00:00:59
    what are they I would say um present and
  • 00:01:04
    past and here comes the natural question
  • 00:01:08
    why future is not a
  • 00:01:12
    tense now in order to answer this
  • 00:01:14
    question we need first to talk about
  • 00:01:18
    what we mean by the word tense and what
  • 00:01:22
    the word tense refers to now the word
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    tense my friends
  • 00:01:28
    refers to the change in the verb
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    form to the conjugation that happens to
  • 00:01:38
    the verb
  • 00:01:39
    form so if the verb form is conjugated
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    then we can call that a
  • 00:01:46
    tense so think about uh the
  • 00:01:50
    present uh when we say uh he is good now
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    the verb form
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    is but um if we want to make it past it
  • 00:02:03
    will be he was good so these are two
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    different verb
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    forms think about go as a verb in the
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    present you can say she goes so the verb
  • 00:02:18
    is
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    conjugated to go with
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    she and in the past is she
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    went so again the verb is conjugated one
  • 00:02:28
    more time uh for the
  • 00:02:31
    past now that's why we say there is a
  • 00:02:34
    present tense and a past tense but this
  • 00:02:38
    process doesn't happen with the future
  • 00:02:41
    think about it um in the future you say
  • 00:02:46
    what you say he will
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    go or he is going to go or he is about
  • 00:02:54
    to go or he may go or he shall go
  • 00:03:00
    nothing happens to the verb the verb is
  • 00:03:03
    not conjugated in the future and this is
  • 00:03:08
    why
  • 00:03:09
    future is not a tense so only two tenses
  • 00:03:13
    in English
  • 00:03:15
    language present and
  • 00:03:18
    past why because the word tense refers
  • 00:03:22
    to the change in the verb
  • 00:03:24
    form which is something that doesn't
  • 00:03:27
    happen with the future
  • 00:03:30
    now let's talk about
  • 00:03:33
    aspects we have two aspects in English
  • 00:03:37
    language and first let's define what an
  • 00:03:40
    aspect
  • 00:03:42
    is an aspect refers to how you see the
  • 00:03:47
    verb do you see it as uh
  • 00:03:51
    Progressive continuing evolving
  • 00:03:54
    developing or you see it as finished or
  • 00:03:58
    complete and and we have only two
  • 00:04:01
    aspects in English language and they are
  • 00:04:04
    connected to the two participles that we
  • 00:04:07
    have in English language so we have two
  • 00:04:10
    participles present participle the verb
  • 00:04:13
    plus I in
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    G and past participle which is the third
  • 00:04:20
    form of the
  • 00:04:22
    verb okay so the perfect aspect in
  • 00:04:28
    English language is related to the third
  • 00:04:31
    form of the verb and the continuous or
  • 00:04:34
    Progressive aspect in English language
  • 00:04:36
    is related to present
  • 00:04:40
    participle for
  • 00:04:42
    example when I say he goes to
  • 00:04:47
    school now the tense is
  • 00:04:51
    present do we have an aspect no we don't
  • 00:04:54
    have an aspect how do you know we don't
  • 00:04:57
    have any participle in a sense
  • 00:05:00
    sentence but when you say he is going to
  • 00:05:06
    school the tense is present because of
  • 00:05:09
    is as
  • 00:05:11
    present and going as present participle
  • 00:05:15
    so that's the continuous aspect the
  • 00:05:18
    progressive aspect which means that when
  • 00:05:20
    we say he is going to school we see the
  • 00:05:24
    verb as continuous developing
  • 00:05:28
    progressing Evol evolving unfolding when
  • 00:05:32
    you say he's gone to
  • 00:05:34
    school now the tense is present why has
  • 00:05:38
    that's
  • 00:05:39
    present and gone that's the third form
  • 00:05:42
    of the verb that's past participle
  • 00:05:45
    that's the perfect
  • 00:05:46
    aspect which means that we see this
  • 00:05:49
    action as complete
  • 00:05:53
    finished so two tenses in English
  • 00:05:57
    language present
  • 00:06:00
    and
  • 00:06:01
    past because as we said that the word
  • 00:06:04
    tense refers to the form of the verb
  • 00:06:08
    whether it's conjugated or
  • 00:06:11
    not and two aspects in English language
  • 00:06:15
    continuous and Progressive and these two
  • 00:06:19
    aspects are related the two participles
  • 00:06:21
    in English language the present
  • 00:06:23
    participle is related to The Continuous
  • 00:06:26
    aspect or the progressive aspect and the
  • 00:06:29
    past participle is related to the
  • 00:06:31
    perfect
  • 00:06:34
    aspect now let's come to time because we
  • 00:06:39
    said time tends an
  • 00:06:42
    aspect and again this is what makes the
  • 00:06:46
    system of English language tenses um
  • 00:06:49
    really confusing for many
  • 00:06:52
    Learners um it's because of the time
  • 00:06:56
    reference uh usually as teachers we
  • 00:06:58
    simplify things to our uh students in at
  • 00:07:02
    schools and we tell them that okay hey
  • 00:07:06
    uh present is for actions in the present
  • 00:07:11
    and past verbs are for actions in the
  • 00:07:16
    past but this is just pedagogical
  • 00:07:19
    grammar we're trying to make things
  • 00:07:22
    easier for
  • 00:07:23
    learners but that's not completely true
  • 00:07:28
    um in in English Kama look at this let
  • 00:07:31
    me give you an
  • 00:07:33
    example think about this
  • 00:07:36
    sentence
  • 00:07:37
    H I travel a
  • 00:07:40
    lot I travel a lot so what is the tense
  • 00:07:46
    present why travel that's a present form
  • 00:07:50
    do we have an aspect no no aspect I
  • 00:07:53
    travel a lot no aspect no present
  • 00:07:56
    participle no past participle no aspect
  • 00:08:00
    okay but what is the time reference for
  • 00:08:03
    I travel a
  • 00:08:04
    lot like we can say that's
  • 00:08:08
    habitual um it's something that is
  • 00:08:11
    repeated so that's that's a very good
  • 00:08:13
    answer here I travel a lot it's kind of
  • 00:08:17
    a a habit maybe right okay cool now
  • 00:08:21
    think about this I'm traveling to London
  • 00:08:26
    tomorrow
  • 00:08:27
    oh what is the tense present why am I am
  • 00:08:33
    so am is present what is the aspect oh
  • 00:08:36
    traveling that's present participle so
  • 00:08:38
    that's the continuous
  • 00:08:41
    aspect but what is the time reference
  • 00:08:44
    I'm traveling to London
  • 00:08:47
    tomorrow that's
  • 00:08:49
    future so the time reference is future
  • 00:08:54
    here okay now listen to this
  • 00:08:57
    one I still remember remember what
  • 00:09:00
    happened last year I mean um picture
  • 00:09:03
    this so I'm traveling to London and
  • 00:09:06
    packing my bags and um getting ready and
  • 00:09:11
    then I received this um weird phone call
  • 00:09:15
    from a
  • 00:09:16
    stranger now wait a minute
  • 00:09:19
    everything I
  • 00:09:21
    said was about past actions but I was
  • 00:09:24
    using
  • 00:09:26
    what present continuous and
  • 00:09:30
    present simple I said I can't forget
  • 00:09:34
    what happened last year picture this I'm
  • 00:09:37
    traveling to London I'm packing my bags
  • 00:09:39
    when I received this weird phone call
  • 00:09:42
    from a
  • 00:09:44
    stranger so
  • 00:09:46
    now this is present used to refer to the
  • 00:09:51
    past so how crazy can that
  • 00:09:54
    be so the present tense can refer to
  • 00:09:59
    what habitual actions it can refer to
  • 00:10:03
    current actions it can refer to Future
  • 00:10:07
    actions and it can refer to past
  • 00:10:11
    actions so this is how crazy okay tenses
  • 00:10:15
    are in English
  • 00:10:17
    language okay now think about um past uh
  • 00:10:22
    verbs or past
  • 00:10:24
    tenses let me give you an example I had
  • 00:10:27
    a cup of coffee
  • 00:10:30
    think about it the tense has passed cuz
  • 00:10:33
    we've got
  • 00:10:34
    had right do we have an aspect no no
  • 00:10:39
    aspect so what about H the time
  • 00:10:42
    reference it is passed cuz it's I had a
  • 00:10:45
    cup of coffee look at this
  • 00:10:48
    one I wish I had a cup of
  • 00:10:52
    coffee I wish I had a cup of coffee
  • 00:10:56
    think about had what is the tense past
  • 00:11:00
    do we have an aspect no aspect but what
  • 00:11:03
    is the time
  • 00:11:05
    reference
  • 00:11:07
    present I wish I had a cup of coffee
  • 00:11:11
    now so wait a minute so one time had
  • 00:11:16
    refers to a past action and one time had
  • 00:11:20
    also refers to a present action now
  • 00:11:23
    listen to this one if I had the right
  • 00:11:26
    amount of money
  • 00:11:27
    tomorrow I would
  • 00:11:30
    travel if I had the right amount of
  • 00:11:32
    money tomorrow I would travel
  • 00:11:36
    oh if I had now let's analyze
  • 00:11:40
    had tense past aspect no aspect time
  • 00:11:46
    reference future if I had the right
  • 00:11:50
    amount of money tomorrow so how crazy
  • 00:11:53
    can that be so present tenses in English
  • 00:11:56
    language can refer to present actions
  • 00:12:00
    past actions future actions habitual
  • 00:12:03
    actions and even
  • 00:12:06
    also um past tenses can refer to
  • 00:12:10
    habitual actions in the past they can
  • 00:12:12
    refer also to present and they can refer
  • 00:12:15
    to past and they can refer to
  • 00:12:17
    Future it's crazy right English is crazy
  • 00:12:22
    so think about this let's let's analyze
  • 00:12:25
    some sentences together I have arrived
  • 00:12:30
    tense present because of have aspect
  • 00:12:35
    perfect past
  • 00:12:37
    participle and then time reference
  • 00:12:42
    past now think about this one my plane
  • 00:12:45
    leaves to Egypt tomorrow let's analyze
  • 00:12:50
    it so leaves present what about the
  • 00:12:53
    aspect no aspect time reference
  • 00:12:57
    future okay
  • 00:12:59
    okay think about this one she has been
  • 00:13:04
    studying hard she has been studying
  • 00:13:08
    hard tense present because of
  • 00:13:12
    has aspect two aspects been
  • 00:13:16
    perfect studying continuous so present
  • 00:13:21
    perfect continuous time
  • 00:13:23
    reference from past to
  • 00:13:27
    present okay okay think about this one
  • 00:13:31
    she was watching
  • 00:13:33
    TV tense passed because of Wars aspect
  • 00:13:38
    continuous because of watching present
  • 00:13:41
    participle okay so past continuous time
  • 00:13:45
    reference past wonderful think about
  • 00:13:49
    this one he's always watching TV tense
  • 00:13:53
    present because of
  • 00:13:55
    is aspect Progressive because of the
  • 00:13:58
    prison
  • 00:13:59
    uh participle time reference habitual
  • 00:14:03
    because we're talking about a habit that
  • 00:14:05
    we're not very happy with so my
  • 00:14:08
    friends two tenses in English language
  • 00:14:11
    past and present future is not a
  • 00:14:15
    tense two aspects in English language
  • 00:14:19
    the progressive aspect and the perfect
  • 00:14:23
    aspect and both of them are related to
  • 00:14:25
    the two participles present participle
  • 00:14:29
    and past
  • 00:14:30
    participle time references are
  • 00:14:34
    crazy because present does not
  • 00:14:36
    necessarily refer to present action and
  • 00:14:40
    past tenses do not necessarily refer to
  • 00:14:43
    past
  • 00:14:44
    actions thank you so much I hope you
  • 00:14:47
    enjoyed um this episode of selta and
  • 00:14:50
    Sider
  • 00:14:57
    bye-bye
  • 00:15:00
    he
Etiquetas
  • English Grammar
  • Tenses
  • Aspects
  • Verb Conjugation
  • Present
  • Past
  • Future
  • Progressive
  • Perfect
  • Language Learning