Essentials: Master Your Sleep & Be More Alert When Awake

00:34:00
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lIo9FcrljDk

Resumo

TLDRAndrew Huberman forklarer viktigheten av lys for reguleringen av vår sirkadiane klokke, som styrer kroppens interne rytmer som påvirker søvn og våkenhet. Han diskuterer hvordan adenosin bygger opp en søvnighetsskred mens vi er våkne og hvordan melatonin og kortisol påvirker søvnvinduene innenfor en 24-timers syklus. Lys, spesielt naturlig dagslys, er avgjørende for å sette denne klokken, med eksponering tidlig på dagen og rundt solnedgang som gunstig, mens lys i løpet av natten kan ha negative effekter på dopaminnivåer og mental helse. Huberman gir også anbefalinger for å bruke yoga nidra for mental ro, samt forsiktighet med kosttilskudd som magnesium for å hjelpe med avslapning og søvn.

Conclusões

  • 💡 Lys er avgjørende for sirkadiane rytmer.
  • 🧠 Adenosin bygger opp en 'søvnighet' mens vi er våkne.
  • 😴 Melatonin og kortisol styrer søvnsykluser.
  • ☀️ Eksponering for naturlig dagslys er fordelaktig tidlig på dagen.
  • 🚫 Unngå sterkt lys om natten for bedre søvnkvalitet.
  • 🧘 Yoga Nidra kan hjelpe med å fremme avslapning.
  • 🔄 Tidlig dagslys kan hjelpe til med å sette kroppens klokke riktig.
  • ⚠️ Koffein blokkerer adenosin og holder oss våkne.
  • 🌙 Solnedgangseksponering gir signaler om å avslutte dagen.
  • 💊 Magnesium og theanine kan hjelpe med avslapping.

Linha do tempo

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    Andrew Huberman diskuterer betydningen av søvn og våkenhet for mental og fysisk helse, og presenterer verktøy for å forbedre søvnkvaliteten. Han forklarer to krefter som påvirker søvn: adenosin, et kjemikalium som bygger seg opp mens vi er våkne, og koffein som blokkerer adenosin-reseptorer og dermed søvnighet. Dessuten introduserer han sirkadiske rytmer, som er kroppens interne klokker som styrer når vi føler oss søvnige og våkne.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    Sirkadiske rytmer er avhengige av lys, spesielt sollys, for å regulere kroppens indre klokke. Kortisol og melatonin spiller viktige roller i å våkne opp og føle seg søvnig. Huberman presiserer hvor viktig det er å få morginglys for å sette riktig timing for kortisol og melatonin, og han advarer mot effektene av lys som tas inn gjennom vinduer, da de er mye mindre effektive enn direkte sollys.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    Å eksponere seg for lys, spesielt morgenlys, hjelper med å sette kroppens indre klokke og dermed påvirke hele kroppens rytmer. Huberman nevner også viktigheten av å se solnedgang for å beskytte mot negative effekter av lys senere på dagen, og han advarer mot forhøyede kortisolnivåer sent på dagen som kan føre til angst og depresjon.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    Lys påvirker også kroppens produksjon av dopamin og andre hormoner, og for mye lys om natten kan føre til redusert dopamin og andre negative effekter. Huberman anbefaler å minimere lys fra skjermer og annen kunstig belysning om natten for å forbedre søvnkvalitet og redusere risikoen for stemningslidelser.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:25:00

    Huberman diskuterer også viktigheten av regelmessige rutiner, og hvordan visse praktiser som yoga nidra og dobling av lys om morgenen kan hjelpe til med å fremme bedre søvnmønstre. Han understreker å bruke kroppen for å kontrollere sinnet, spesielt når det gjelder å oppnå dyp hvile og forbedre mental årvåkenhet.

  • 00:25:00 - 00:34:00

    Til slutt diskuterer han mulige tilskudd som magnesium, theanine og apigenin som kan støtte søvn ved å påvirke nevrotransmittere som GABA. Han råder folk til først å rette opp lysvaner og ernæring før man griper til tilskudd, og understreker viktigheten av å forstå den biologiske basis for søvn og våkenhet.

Mostrar mais

Mapa mental

Mind Map

Perguntas frequentes

  • Hva styrer kvaliteten på søvn og våkenhet?

    Det er styrt av to krefter: den kjemiske kraften adenosin, som bygger seg opp mens vi er våkne, og den sirkadiske rytmen, styrt av lys, særlig dagslys.

  • Hvordan påvirker lys søvnmønsteret vårt?

    Lyset som kommer inn i øynene, særlig dagslys, regulerer sirkadiske rytmer ved å påvirke utslipp av kortisol og melatonin, som styrer når vi blir søvnige eller våkne.

  • Hvordan fungerer koffein for å påvirke våkenhet?

    Koffein virker som en adenosinantagonist, noe som betyr at det blokkerer adenosinreseptorene, og forhindrer dermed at søvnighetssignaler binder seg og får oss til å føle oss søvnige.

  • Hva betyr sirkadiske rytmer og hvordan påvirker de oss?

    Sirkadiske rytmer er kroppens interne klokke som dikterer søvn og våkenhet over en syklus på omtrent 24 timer, i stor grad styrt av lys.

  • Hvorfor er lys om natten skadelig for søvnkvaliteten?

    Lys om natten, spesielt mellom 23:00 og 04:00, kan undertrykke dopaminutskillelse og påvirke melatoninproduksjon, noe som igjen kan forstyrre søvnmønstre.

  • Hvordan kan vi naturlig justere våre sirkadiske rytmer?

    Ved å eksponere oss for naturlig dagslys tidlig på dagen og rundt solnedgang, samt unngå sterkt lys om natten, kan vi hjelpe med å justere våre sirkadiske rytmer.

  • Hva er Yoga Nidra, og hvordan hjelper det med søvn?

    Yoga Nidra er en form for meditasjon kjent som "yoga sleep" som hjelper til med å slappe av sinnet og trene nervesystemet til bedre å treffe avslappende tilstander, som kan lette overgang til søvn.

  • Er naps fordelaktige for alle?

    Naps kan være fordelaktige for mange, men noen kan føle seg groggy etter å ha våknet, spesielt hvis de ikke har sovet nok om natten.

  • Hvordan kan stressnivåer påvirkes av lyseksponering?

    Riktig timet lyseksponering kan hjelpe til med å redusere stressnivåer ved å fremme en sunn kortisolprofil, samtidig som å hindre forsinket kortisoløkning om kvelden.

  • Er det kosttilskudd som kan hjelpe til med søvn?

    Ja, visse kosttilskudd som magnesium og theanine kan hjelpe til med å fremme søvn, men de bør brukes med forsiktighet og i kombinasjon med rett lys og livsstilsendringer.

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Legendas
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Rolagem automática:
  • 00:00:00
    ANDREW HUBERMAN: Welcome to Huberman Lab Essentials, where
  • 00:00:02
    we revisit past episodes for the most potent and actionable
  • 00:00:06
    science based tools for mental health, physical health,
  • 00:00:08
    and performance.
  • 00:00:09
    [MUSIC PLAYING]
  • 00:00:11
    I'm Andrew Huberman, and I'm a professor
  • 00:00:13
    of neurobiology and ophthalmology
  • 00:00:15
    at Stanford School of Medicine.
  • 00:00:17
    Today's podcast episode is all about sleep.
  • 00:00:21
    We're also going to talk about the mirror image of sleep,
  • 00:00:24
    which is wakefulness.
  • 00:00:25
    Now, these two phases of our life, sleep and wakefulness
  • 00:00:29
    govern everything about our mental and physical health.
  • 00:00:33
    And we're not just going to talk about what's useful about sleep.
  • 00:00:37
    We're also going to talk about how to get better at sleeping,
  • 00:00:40
    and that will include how to get better
  • 00:00:41
    at falling asleep, timing your sleep
  • 00:00:44
    and accessing better sleep quality.
  • 00:00:47
    In doing so, we're also going to discuss
  • 00:00:48
    how to get more focused and alert in wakefulness.
  • 00:00:52
    So if you're like most people, which includes me,
  • 00:00:56
    you have some challenges with sleep.
  • 00:00:58
    At least every third or fifth night or so,
  • 00:01:00
    and maybe even more often.
  • 00:01:02
    So we're really going to go tool heavy today
  • 00:01:04
    and talk about tools that can help you fall asleep,
  • 00:01:07
    sleep better and emerge from sleep feeling more rested.
  • 00:01:11
    So what determines how well we sleep
  • 00:01:13
    and the quality of our wakeful state?
  • 00:01:16
    It turns out that's governed by two forces.
  • 00:01:19
    The first force is a chemical force.
  • 00:01:21
    It's called adenosine.
  • 00:01:23
    Adenosine is a molecule in our nervous system and body
  • 00:01:27
    that builds up the longer we are awake.
  • 00:01:30
    So if you've just slept for eight or nine or ten really
  • 00:01:34
    deep restful hours, adenosine is going
  • 00:01:36
    to be very low in your brain and body.
  • 00:01:39
    If, however, you've been awake for 10, 15 or more hours,
  • 00:01:43
    adenosine levels are going to be much higher.
  • 00:01:46
    Adenosine creates a sort of sleep drive or a sleep hunger.
  • 00:01:50
    And a good way to remember this and think about adenosine
  • 00:01:54
    is to think about caffeine.
  • 00:01:56
    Caffeine for most people wakes them up.
  • 00:01:59
    It makes them feel more alert.
  • 00:02:01
    Caffeine acts as an adenosine antagonist.
  • 00:02:06
    What that means is that when you ingest caffeine, whether or not
  • 00:02:09
    it's coffee or soda or tea or in any other form,
  • 00:02:12
    it binds to the adenosine receptor.
  • 00:02:15
    It sort of parks there just like a car would
  • 00:02:17
    park in a given parking slot.
  • 00:02:19
    And therefore adenosine can't park in that slot.
  • 00:02:22
    Now, when caffeine parks in the adenosine receptor slot,
  • 00:02:26
    nothing really happens downstream of that receptor.
  • 00:02:30
    The receptor can't engage the normal cellular functions
  • 00:02:32
    of making that cell and you feel sleepy.
  • 00:02:36
    So the reason caffeine wakes you up
  • 00:02:39
    is because it blocks the sleepiness receptor.
  • 00:02:42
    It blocks the sleepy signal.
  • 00:02:44
    And this is why when that caffeine wears off,
  • 00:02:47
    adenosine will bind to that receptor
  • 00:02:49
    sometimes with even greater what we call affinity.
  • 00:02:52
    And you feel the crash, you feel especially tired.
  • 00:02:55
    Caffeine has a lot of health benefits.
  • 00:02:58
    It also, for some people, can be problematic for health,
  • 00:03:01
    it can raise blood pressure, et cetera.
  • 00:03:03
    Caffeine increases this molecule that's a neuromodulator
  • 00:03:07
    that we call dopamine.
  • 00:03:08
    We discussed this in episode one, which
  • 00:03:10
    tends to make us feel good, motivated and give us energy,
  • 00:03:14
    because as you may have learned in episode one,
  • 00:03:17
    dopamine is related to another neuromodulator called
  • 00:03:21
    epinephrine, which gives us energy.
  • 00:03:22
    In fact, epinephrine is made from dopamine.
  • 00:03:25
    So let's just take a step back and think
  • 00:03:27
    about what we're talking about when
  • 00:03:28
    we're talking about sleepiness.
  • 00:03:30
    If you've ever pulled an all-nighter,
  • 00:03:31
    you'll noticed something interesting.
  • 00:03:33
    As morning rolls around, you'll suddenly
  • 00:03:36
    feel an increase in your energy and alertness
  • 00:03:38
    again, even though adenosine has been building up
  • 00:03:41
    for the entire night.
  • 00:03:44
    Now, why is that?
  • 00:03:45
    The reason that is because there's
  • 00:03:47
    a second force which is governing when you sleep
  • 00:03:50
    and when you're awake.
  • 00:03:51
    And that force is a so-called circadian force.
  • 00:03:55
    Circadian means about a day or about 24 hours.
  • 00:04:00
    And inside all of us is a clock that
  • 00:04:02
    exists in your brain and my brain
  • 00:04:05
    and the brain of every animal that we're
  • 00:04:07
    aware of that determines when we want to be sleepy
  • 00:04:11
    and when we want to be awake.
  • 00:04:13
    That block of sleep and when it falls within each 24 hour cycle
  • 00:04:18
    is governed by a number of different things.
  • 00:04:21
    But the most powerful thing that's
  • 00:04:23
    governing when you want to be asleep
  • 00:04:24
    and when you want to be awake is light.
  • 00:04:28
    And in particular, it's governed by sunlight.
  • 00:04:31
    Now, I can't emphasize enough how important
  • 00:04:33
    and how actionable this relationship is between light
  • 00:04:37
    and when you want to sleep.
  • 00:04:40
    It's quite simple on the face of it,
  • 00:04:43
    and it's quite simple to resolve.
  • 00:04:44
    But people tend to make a big mess of this whole circadian
  • 00:04:47
    literature, frankly.
  • 00:04:49
    So let's just break it down from the standpoint
  • 00:04:52
    of what's going on in your brain and body
  • 00:04:54
    as you go through one 24 hour day.
  • 00:04:58
    Let's start with waking.
  • 00:04:59
    So regardless of how well you slept at night
  • 00:05:01
    or whether or not you were up all night,
  • 00:05:03
    most people tend to wake up sometime
  • 00:05:05
    around when the sun rises.
  • 00:05:08
    When you wake up in the morning, you
  • 00:05:10
    wake up because a particular hormone
  • 00:05:12
    called cortisol is released from your adrenal glands.
  • 00:05:16
    Your adrenal glands sit right above your kidneys
  • 00:05:18
    and there's a little pulse of cortisol.
  • 00:05:20
    There's also a pulse of epinephrine,
  • 00:05:22
    which is adrenaline from your adrenals and also in your brain.
  • 00:05:27
    And you feel awake.
  • 00:05:29
    Now, that pulse of cortisol and adrenaline and epinephrine
  • 00:05:32
    might come from your alarm clock.
  • 00:05:34
    It might come from you naturally waking up.
  • 00:05:36
    But it tends to alert your whole system and your body
  • 00:05:40
    that it's time to increase your heart rate.
  • 00:05:41
    It's time to start tensing your muscles.
  • 00:05:43
    It's time to start moving about.
  • 00:05:45
    It's very important that that cortisol pulse
  • 00:05:48
    come early in the day, or at least early
  • 00:05:51
    in your period of wakefulness.
  • 00:05:53
    When you wake up in the morning and you experience
  • 00:05:55
    that rise in cortisol, there's a timer that starts going
  • 00:06:00
    and these are cellular timers and they're
  • 00:06:02
    dictated by the relation between different organs
  • 00:06:04
    in your body that says to your brain and body
  • 00:06:08
    that in about 12 to 14 hours a different hormone.
  • 00:06:12
    This hormone we're calling melatonin
  • 00:06:14
    will be released from your pineal gland.
  • 00:06:16
    So there's two mechanisms here a wakefulness signal
  • 00:06:19
    and a sleepiness signal.
  • 00:06:21
    And the wakefulness signal triggers
  • 00:06:23
    the onset of the timer for the sleepiness signal.
  • 00:06:26
    OK, so the rhythm of cortisol and melatonin
  • 00:06:30
    is what we call endogenous.
  • 00:06:32
    It's happening in us all the time without any external input.
  • 00:06:36
    In fact, if we were in complete darkness, living in a cave
  • 00:06:39
    with no artificial lights whatsoever,
  • 00:06:41
    these rhythms of cortisol and melatonin would continue.
  • 00:06:45
    So if you were in complete darkness,
  • 00:06:48
    it would happen once per 24 hour cycle,
  • 00:06:51
    but it would be somewhat later and later each day.
  • 00:06:55
    Whereas under normal circumstances, what happens
  • 00:07:00
    is you wake up.
  • 00:07:01
    And what happens when you wake up?
  • 00:07:03
    You open your eyes.
  • 00:07:04
    When you open your eyes.
  • 00:07:06
    Light comes into your eyes.
  • 00:07:07
    Now, the way this system works is
  • 00:07:09
    that you have a particular set of neurons in your eye.
  • 00:07:12
    They're called retinal ganglion cells.
  • 00:07:14
    When light comes into the eye, there's
  • 00:07:16
    a particular group of retinal ganglion cells
  • 00:07:18
    or type of retinal ganglion cells
  • 00:07:21
    that perceives a particular type of light
  • 00:07:24
    and communicates that to this clock that resides right
  • 00:07:27
    above the roof of your mouth called
  • 00:07:28
    the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
  • 00:07:30
    And the suprachiasmatic nucleus has
  • 00:07:33
    connections with essentially every cell
  • 00:07:36
    and organ of your body.
  • 00:07:38
    Now, it's vitally important that we
  • 00:07:40
    get light communicated to this central clock in order
  • 00:07:43
    to time the cortisol and melatonin properly.
  • 00:07:47
    When I say properly, I can say that with confidence
  • 00:07:50
    because we know based on a lot of evidence
  • 00:07:52
    that if you don't get your cortisol and melatonin rhythms
  • 00:07:56
    right, there are tremendously broad
  • 00:08:00
    and bad effects on cardiovascular health,
  • 00:08:04
    metabolic effects, learning, depression, dementia.
  • 00:08:08
    So let's think about what happens
  • 00:08:10
    when we do this correctly and how to do it correctly.
  • 00:08:12
    When we wake up, our eyes open.
  • 00:08:15
    Now, if we're in a dark room, there
  • 00:08:17
    isn't enough light to trigger the correct timing
  • 00:08:21
    of this cortisol melatonin thing.
  • 00:08:24
    These rhythms, you might say, well, why won't any light do it?
  • 00:08:28
    Well, it turns out that these neurons
  • 00:08:31
    in our eye that set the circadian clock
  • 00:08:33
    and then allow our circadian clock to set
  • 00:08:35
    all the clocks of all the cells and organs and tissues
  • 00:08:38
    of our body, responds best to a particular quality of light
  • 00:08:43
    an amount of light.
  • 00:08:45
    And those are the qualities of light and amount of light
  • 00:08:49
    that come from sunlight.
  • 00:08:51
    So these neurons, what they're really looking for,
  • 00:08:56
    although they don't have a mind of their own,
  • 00:08:58
    is the sun at what we call low solar angle.
  • 00:09:01
    The eye and the nervous system don't know anything
  • 00:09:03
    about sunrises or sunsets.
  • 00:09:05
    It only knows the quality of light
  • 00:09:07
    that comes in when the sun is low in the sky.
  • 00:09:10
    This system evolved so that when the sun is low in the sky,
  • 00:09:14
    there's a particular contrast between yellows and blues
  • 00:09:17
    that triggers the activation of these cells.
  • 00:09:20
    However, if you wake up a few hours
  • 00:09:22
    after the sunrise, which I tend to most days personally,
  • 00:09:26
    you still want to get outside and view sunlight.
  • 00:09:29
    You don't need the sunlight beaming you directly
  • 00:09:32
    in the eyes.
  • 00:09:33
    There's a lot of photons, light energy that scattered
  • 00:09:36
    from sunlight at this time.
  • 00:09:37
    But the key is to get that light energy from sunlight ideally
  • 00:09:43
    into your eyes.
  • 00:09:44
    It's critically important that you get outside
  • 00:09:46
    to get this light.
  • 00:09:47
    I had a discussion with a colleague of mine, Dr. Jamie
  • 00:09:50
    Zeitzer, who's in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
  • 00:09:53
    Sciences at Stanford, a world expert in this.
  • 00:09:58
    And he tells me that it's 50 times less effective
  • 00:10:03
    to view this sunlight through a window, through a car windshield
  • 00:10:08
    or through a side window of a car
  • 00:10:10
    than it is to just get outside with no sunglasses and view
  • 00:10:14
    light early in the day.
  • 00:10:15
    Once the sun is overhead, the quality of light
  • 00:10:18
    shifts so that you miss this opportunity to time
  • 00:10:22
    the cortisol pulse.
  • 00:10:23
    And that turns out to be a bad thing to do.
  • 00:10:26
    You really want to time that cortisol pulse properly.
  • 00:10:29
    Because we'll get into this a little bit more later.
  • 00:10:33
    But a late shifted cortisol pulse in particular a 9:00 PM
  • 00:10:37
    or 8:00 PM increase in cortisol is one of the consequences
  • 00:10:42
    and maybe one of the causes of a lot of anxiety disorders
  • 00:10:47
    and depression.
  • 00:10:48
    So it's kind of a chicken and egg thing.
  • 00:10:49
    We don't know whether or not it's the correlated with it's
  • 00:10:52
    the cause or the effect, but it's
  • 00:10:53
    a signature of depression and anxiety disorder.
  • 00:10:56
    Bringing that cortisol pulse earlier in your wakeful period,
  • 00:11:00
    earlier in your day has positive benefits,
  • 00:11:03
    ranging from blood pressure to mental health etcetera.
  • 00:11:06
    I'm not going to list them all off because they're just
  • 00:11:09
    so many of them.
  • 00:11:10
    But many, many positive things happen
  • 00:11:12
    when you are getting the cortisol early in the day,
  • 00:11:15
    far away from your melatonin pulse.
  • 00:11:18
    So how long should you be outside?
  • 00:11:21
    Well, this is going to vary tremendously,
  • 00:11:23
    because some people live in environments where
  • 00:11:24
    it's very bright.
  • 00:11:25
    So let's say it's Colorado in the middle of winter,
  • 00:11:29
    there's a snow field, there's no cloud cover.
  • 00:11:31
    And you walk outside, there's going
  • 00:11:33
    to be so much photon light energy arriving
  • 00:11:36
    on your retina that probably only takes
  • 00:11:38
    30 to 60 seconds to trigger the central clock
  • 00:11:41
    and set your cortisol and melatonin
  • 00:11:43
    rhythms properly and get everything in lined up nicely.
  • 00:11:47
    Whereas if you're in Scandinavia in the depths of winter and you
  • 00:11:51
    wake up at 5:00 AM and the sun is just barely creeping across
  • 00:11:54
    the horizon and then goes back down again a few hours later,
  • 00:11:57
    you probably are not getting enough sunlight in order to set
  • 00:12:01
    these rhythms.
  • 00:12:02
    So many people find that they need
  • 00:12:05
    to use sunlight simulators in the form of particular lights
  • 00:12:09
    that were designed to simulate sunlight.
  • 00:12:11
    You could say, well, the lights in my house or my phone
  • 00:12:14
    are really, really bright.
  • 00:12:15
    Everyone's telling us to stay off our phones at night
  • 00:12:17
    because they're really bright.
  • 00:12:19
    But guess what?
  • 00:12:20
    It turns out that early in the day,
  • 00:12:22
    your retina is not very sensitive,
  • 00:12:25
    which means you need a lot of photons,
  • 00:12:28
    ideally coming from sunlight to set these clock mechanisms.
  • 00:12:31
    So looking at your phone or artificial lights
  • 00:12:33
    is fine if you wake up before sunrise,
  • 00:12:35
    but it's not going to work to set these clock mechanisms.
  • 00:12:40
    So you want to use sunlight.
  • 00:12:42
    If you can't see sunlight because of your environment,
  • 00:12:45
    then you are going to have to opt for artificial light.
  • 00:12:48
    And in that case, you're going to want an artificial light
  • 00:12:51
    that either simulates sunlight or has a lot of blue light.
  • 00:12:54
    Now, without going off course here, you might be saying, wait,
  • 00:12:58
    I've heard blue light is bad for me.
  • 00:12:59
    Actually, blue light is great for this mechanism
  • 00:13:02
    during the day.
  • 00:13:03
    A lot of people will say I should be wearing blue blockers
  • 00:13:06
    throughout the day.
  • 00:13:07
    No, that's the exact wrong thing.
  • 00:13:09
    That should be reserved for late in the evening.
  • 00:13:12
    Because light suppresses melatonin.
  • 00:13:15
    Sunlight inhibits the pineal.
  • 00:13:18
    It prevents it from releasing melatonin.
  • 00:13:21
    Darkness allows the pineal to release melatonin.
  • 00:13:25
    So the pineal is not the gland or the organ of sunlight.
  • 00:13:29
    It is the gland of darkness.
  • 00:13:31
    In fact, melatonin can be thought
  • 00:13:33
    of as a sleepiness signal that's correlated with darkness.
  • 00:13:36
    So get up each morning, try and get outside.
  • 00:13:39
    I know that can be challenging for people,
  • 00:13:41
    but anywhere from two to ten minutes of sunlight exposure
  • 00:13:45
    is going to work well for most people.
  • 00:13:47
    If you can't do it every day or you
  • 00:13:48
    sleep through this period of the early day low solar angle,
  • 00:13:51
    don't worry about it.
  • 00:13:53
    The systems in the body, these hormone systems
  • 00:13:55
    and neurotransmitter systems that
  • 00:13:57
    make you awake at certain periods of the day
  • 00:13:59
    and sleepy at other times are operating
  • 00:14:03
    by averaging when you view the brightest light.
  • 00:14:08
    Some of you, many of you might be asking,
  • 00:14:10
    what else can help set this rhythm?
  • 00:14:12
    Well, it turns out that light is what
  • 00:14:14
    we call the primary zeitgeber, the time giver.
  • 00:14:18
    But other things can help establish
  • 00:14:21
    this rhythm of cortisol, followed by melatonin
  • 00:14:24
    12 to 16 hours later as well.
  • 00:14:26
    The other things besides light are timing of food intake,
  • 00:14:31
    timing of exercise, as well as various drugs or chemicals
  • 00:14:36
    that one might ingest.
  • 00:14:38
    Not illegal drugs, although those
  • 00:14:39
    will impact circadian mechanisms, as well.
  • 00:14:42
    The other thing is sunset, when the sun is also
  • 00:14:46
    at low solar angle low close to the horizon.
  • 00:14:50
    By viewing sunlight at that time of day,
  • 00:14:52
    in the evening or afternoon, depending on what time of year
  • 00:14:55
    it is and where you are in the world.
  • 00:14:57
    These melanopsin cells, these neurons in your eye
  • 00:15:00
    signal the central circadian clock
  • 00:15:02
    that it's the end of the day.
  • 00:15:04
    There was a really nice study that
  • 00:15:06
    showed that viewing sunlight around the time of sunset
  • 00:15:11
    doesn't have to be just crossing the horizon,
  • 00:15:13
    but circa sunset within an hour or so of sunset
  • 00:15:17
    prevents some of the bad effects of light
  • 00:15:22
    in preventing melatonin release later that same night.
  • 00:15:26
    So let me repeat this viewing light early in the day is key.
  • 00:15:28
    Viewing light later in the day when
  • 00:15:31
    the sun is setting or around that time
  • 00:15:33
    can help protect these mechanisms, your brain and body
  • 00:15:37
    against the negative effects of light later in the day.
  • 00:15:41
    So let me talk about how you would do that.
  • 00:15:43
    You'd go view the sunset or you would go outside
  • 00:15:46
    in the late afternoon or evening.
  • 00:15:48
    Again, if you want to do this through a window at work,
  • 00:15:50
    that's fine, but it'll take 50 times longer.
  • 00:15:52
    So the best thing to do is just to get outside
  • 00:15:54
    for a few minutes, anywhere from two to ten minutes also
  • 00:15:57
    in the afternoon.
  • 00:15:58
    Having those two signals arriving
  • 00:16:00
    to your central clock that your body,
  • 00:16:03
    your internal world knows when it's morning
  • 00:16:05
    and knows when it's evening is tremendously powerful.
  • 00:16:08
    There's always a lot of questions about how long?
  • 00:16:11
    How much How do I know if I've had enough?
  • 00:16:12
    You'll know because your rhythm will
  • 00:16:14
    start to fall into some degree of normalcy.
  • 00:16:18
    You'll start to wake up at more or less the same time each day.
  • 00:16:20
    You'll fall asleep more easily at night.
  • 00:16:22
    Generally, it takes about two or three days for these systems
  • 00:16:24
    to align.
  • 00:16:25
    So if you've not been doing these behaviors,
  • 00:16:27
    it's going to take a few days.
  • 00:16:29
    But they can have tremendous benefits
  • 00:16:31
    and sometimes rather quickly on a number
  • 00:16:33
    of different mental and physical aspects of your health.
  • 00:16:36
    Now let's talk about the bad effects of light.
  • 00:16:39
    Because light is not supposed to arrive in our system
  • 00:16:44
    at any time.
  • 00:16:45
    And nowadays, because of screens and artificial light,
  • 00:16:48
    we have access to light at times of day and night that normally
  • 00:16:53
    we wouldn't.
  • 00:16:54
    Now, earlier I said that you need
  • 00:16:56
    a lot of light in particular sunlight
  • 00:16:58
    to set these clock mechanisms.
  • 00:17:00
    That's true.
  • 00:17:01
    But there's a kind of diabolical feature to the way
  • 00:17:03
    all this works, which is the longer you've been awake,
  • 00:17:07
    the more sensitive your retina and these cells are to light.
  • 00:17:11
    So that if you've been awake for 10, 12, 14 hours,
  • 00:17:15
    it becomes very easy for even a small amount of light coming
  • 00:17:19
    from a screen or from an overhead light
  • 00:17:23
    to trigger the activation of the clock and make
  • 00:17:26
    you feel like you want to stay up later,
  • 00:17:27
    make it harder to fall asleep and disrupt your sleep pattern.
  • 00:17:31
    OK, so the simple way to think about this
  • 00:17:33
    is want as much light as safely possible
  • 00:17:36
    early in the day, morning and throughout the day,
  • 00:17:38
    including blue light.
  • 00:17:40
    And you want as little light coming into your eyes,
  • 00:17:43
    artificial or sunlight after, say 8:00 PM.
  • 00:17:46
    And certainly you do not want to get bright light exposure
  • 00:17:49
    to your eyes between 11 PM and 4 AM.
  • 00:17:51
    And here's why.
  • 00:17:52
    Light that arrives to the eyes between 11:00 PM and 4:00 AM
  • 00:17:58
    approximately, suppresses the release of dopamine.
  • 00:18:04
    This neuromodulator that makes us feel good
  • 00:18:06
    is sort of an endogenous antidepressant
  • 00:18:09
    and can inhibit learning and create all sorts
  • 00:18:11
    of other detrimental effects.
  • 00:18:14
    It does this through a mechanism for those of you
  • 00:18:16
    who want to the neural pathways that involves light to the eyes.
  • 00:18:19
    That's then signaled to a structure called the habenula.
  • 00:18:22
    When that habenula gets activated,
  • 00:18:24
    it's actually called the disappointment nucleus
  • 00:18:26
    because it actually makes us feel less happy and more
  • 00:18:31
    disappointed and can lead to certain forms of depression
  • 00:18:34
    in the wakeful state.
  • 00:18:35
    Now, if you wake up in the middle of the night
  • 00:18:37
    and you need to use the bathroom or you're on an all night flight
  • 00:18:40
    and you need to read or whatever it is, fine.
  • 00:18:44
    Every once in a while it's not going
  • 00:18:46
    to be a problem to get bright light exposure to your eyes
  • 00:18:49
    in the middle of the night.
  • 00:18:50
    But if you think about our lifestyle
  • 00:18:52
    nowadays and being up late looking at phones,
  • 00:18:55
    even if you dim that screen, you're
  • 00:18:57
    triggering this activation because your retinal sensitivity
  • 00:19:00
    and the sensitivity of these neurons
  • 00:19:01
    has gone up late in the day.
  • 00:19:03
    For those of you that are experiencing challenges
  • 00:19:05
    with mood, those of you that have anxiety, learning problems,
  • 00:19:08
    issues, focusing, the questions I usually get
  • 00:19:10
    are how can I focus better?
  • 00:19:11
    One of the best ways you can support your mechanisms
  • 00:19:13
    for good mood, mental health, learning, focus, metabolism,
  • 00:19:18
    et cetera, is to take control of this light exposure behavior
  • 00:19:22
    at night and not get much or any bright light exposure
  • 00:19:26
    in the middle of the night.
  • 00:19:27
    These cells in our eye, these neurons that
  • 00:19:30
    signal the central clock reside mostly
  • 00:19:33
    not exclusively, but mostly in the bottom half of our retina.
  • 00:19:36
    And because we have a lens in front of our retina
  • 00:19:39
    and because of the optics of lenses,
  • 00:19:41
    that means that these cells are actually
  • 00:19:43
    viewing our upper visual field.
  • 00:19:45
    This is probably not coincidental
  • 00:19:48
    that these cells were essentially
  • 00:19:51
    designed to detect sunlight, which is overhead, of course.
  • 00:19:55
    So if you want to avoid improper activation of these neurons,
  • 00:20:02
    it's better to place lights that you
  • 00:20:05
    use in the evening low in your physical environment.
  • 00:20:08
    So on desktops or even the floor, if you want to go
  • 00:20:11
    that way as opposed to overhead lights.
  • 00:20:15
    So overhead fluorescent lights would be the worst.
  • 00:20:18
    That would be the worst case scenario.
  • 00:20:20
    Lights that are overhead that are
  • 00:20:22
    a little bit softer of the yellow or reddish tints
  • 00:20:25
    would be slightly better.
  • 00:20:26
    But dim lights that are set low in the room
  • 00:20:28
    are going to be best because they aren't going
  • 00:20:31
    to activate these neurons and therefore shift your circadian
  • 00:20:35
    clock.
  • 00:20:36
    But let's talk about what light can
  • 00:20:39
    do in terms of shifting us in healthy ways.
  • 00:20:42
    So the way to think about this whole system again,
  • 00:20:45
    is you've got adenosine building up
  • 00:20:47
    depending on how long you've been awake
  • 00:20:48
    and it's making you sleepy.
  • 00:20:50
    And then you've got their circadian mechanisms
  • 00:20:51
    that are timing your wakefulness and timing
  • 00:20:54
    when you want to be asleep, mainly
  • 00:20:55
    through cortisol and melatonin.
  • 00:20:57
    But there are a bunch of other things
  • 00:20:58
    that are downstream of cortisol and melatonin
  • 00:21:00
    like we tend to be hungrier during our wakeful period
  • 00:21:05
    than late at night.
  • 00:21:06
    Some people like to eat it late at night.
  • 00:21:07
    But if you're finding that you can't become a day
  • 00:21:10
    person or a morning person, shifting your light exposure,
  • 00:21:14
    exercise and food intake to the daytime will help.
  • 00:21:17
    Jamie Zeitzer and colleagues did a beautiful study
  • 00:21:20
    showing that if you turn on the lights before waking up,
  • 00:21:25
    so around 45 minutes to an hour before waking up.
  • 00:21:28
    Even if your eyelids are closed provided
  • 00:21:30
    you're not under the covers.
  • 00:21:33
    After doing that for a few days, that
  • 00:21:36
    increases your total sleep time and shifts forward the time
  • 00:21:40
    at which you feel sleepy.
  • 00:21:41
    It makes you want to go to bed earlier each night.
  • 00:21:44
    Now, in a kind of diabolical way,
  • 00:21:47
    they did this with teenagers who are
  • 00:21:49
    notorious for wanting to wake up late and stay up late.
  • 00:21:51
    And what they found was bright light flashes just turning
  • 00:21:53
    on the lights in their environment, overhead lights,
  • 00:21:56
    because they're trying to activate the system.
  • 00:21:58
    And that's why they're using overhead lights even
  • 00:22:00
    through the eyelids before these kids woke up,
  • 00:22:03
    then made those kids naturally want to go to bed earlier
  • 00:22:06
    and they ended up sleeping longer.
  • 00:22:08
    So that's something you could try.
  • 00:22:09
    You could put your lights on a timer to go on early in the day
  • 00:22:13
    before you wake up.
  • 00:22:14
    You could open your blinds so that sunlight is coming through.
  • 00:22:18
    And again, if you curl up under the covers,
  • 00:22:20
    then it's not going to reach these neurons.
  • 00:22:23
    But it's remarkable, the light can actually
  • 00:22:24
    penetrate the eyelids, activate these neurons
  • 00:22:27
    and go to the central clock.
  • 00:22:29
    That study illustrates a really important principle
  • 00:22:31
    of how you're built, which is have
  • 00:22:34
    the capacity for what are called phase advances and phase delays.
  • 00:22:38
    And I don't want to complicate this too much.
  • 00:22:41
    So the simplest way to think about phase advances and phase
  • 00:22:45
    delays is that if you see light late in the day
  • 00:22:49
    and in particular in the middle of the night, your brain
  • 00:22:52
    and body, for reasons that now you
  • 00:22:54
    understand will think that that's morning light, even
  • 00:22:58
    though it's not sunlight, because you have this heightened
  • 00:23:00
    sensitivity and it will phase delay, it will delay your clock.
  • 00:23:04
    It will essentially make you want to get up later
  • 00:23:06
    and go to sleep later.
  • 00:23:07
    So the simple way to think about this
  • 00:23:09
    is if you're having trouble waking up early
  • 00:23:12
    and feeling alert early in the day,
  • 00:23:14
    you're going to want to try and get bright light exposure even
  • 00:23:17
    before waking up because it will advance your clock.
  • 00:23:21
    It's sort of like turning the clock forward.
  • 00:23:23
    Whereas if you are having trouble waking up early,
  • 00:23:26
    you definitely don't want to get too much light exposure
  • 00:23:29
    or any light exposure to your eyes late in the evening
  • 00:23:31
    and in the middle of the night because it's just going to delay
  • 00:23:34
    your clock more and more.
  • 00:23:36
    And what you're trying to do is provide them anchors.
  • 00:23:39
    You're trying to provide them consistent, powerful anchors so
  • 00:23:43
    that your cortisol, your melatonin, and then everything
  • 00:23:46
    that cascades down from that, like your metabolism
  • 00:23:49
    and your ability to learn and your sense of alertness,
  • 00:23:52
    your dopamine, your serotonin, all that stuff
  • 00:23:55
    is timed regularly.
  • 00:23:58
    One of the reasons why there's so much
  • 00:24:00
    challenge out there with focus and anxiety and depression.
  • 00:24:06
    There are a lot of reasons for that.
  • 00:24:07
    But one of the reasons is that people's internal mechanisms
  • 00:24:11
    aren't anchored to anything regular.
  • 00:24:13
    These systems, again, will average,
  • 00:24:15
    but if you can provide them consistent light anchors early
  • 00:24:18
    in the day and in the evening and avoiding light at night,
  • 00:24:21
    you will be amazed at the tremendous number
  • 00:24:24
    of positive effects that can come
  • 00:24:25
    from that at the level of metabolic factors, hormones,
  • 00:24:29
    and just general feelings of well-being.
  • 00:24:31
    And this is why whenever people ask me, what should I take?
  • 00:24:34
    Which is one of the most common questions I get.
  • 00:24:36
    What supplements should I take?
  • 00:24:37
    What drugs should I be taking?
  • 00:24:39
    What things should I be taking?
  • 00:24:40
    The first question I always ask them is how is your sleep?
  • 00:24:45
    And 90% of the time they tell me they
  • 00:24:47
    either have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep
  • 00:24:50
    or they don't feel rested throughout the day.
  • 00:24:52
    A brief note about naps.
  • 00:24:54
    Naps provided that they're less than one ultradian cycle,
  • 00:24:58
    provided they're 20 minutes or 30 minutes
  • 00:24:59
    or even an hour can be very beneficial for a lot of people.
  • 00:25:02
    You don't have to take them, but many people naturally
  • 00:25:06
    feel a dip in energy and focus late in the afternoon.
  • 00:25:09
    In fact, if we were going to look at wakefulness, what
  • 00:25:11
    we would find is that you get that morning light exposure,
  • 00:25:13
    hopefully your cortisol goes up, people start feeling awake
  • 00:25:15
    and then around 2 or 3 or 4 in the afternoon,
  • 00:25:18
    there's a spike in everything from alertness to ability
  • 00:25:22
    to learn.
  • 00:25:23
    Some metabolic factors drop and then it just naturally
  • 00:25:25
    comes back up.
  • 00:25:26
    And then it tapers off as the night goes on.
  • 00:25:29
    So for some of you, naps are great.
  • 00:25:32
    I love taking naps.
  • 00:25:33
    Some people, they wake up from naps, feeling really groggy.
  • 00:25:36
    That's probably because they're not
  • 00:25:38
    sleeping as well as they should at night
  • 00:25:40
    or as long as they should at night.
  • 00:25:42
    And so they're dropping into REM sleep or deeper forms of sleep
  • 00:25:46
    in the daytime.
  • 00:25:47
    And then they wake up and they feel kind of disoriented.
  • 00:25:49
    Other people feel great after a nap.
  • 00:25:51
    So that's another case where just like with caffeine,
  • 00:25:53
    you sort of have to evaluate for yourself.
  • 00:25:55
    OK, so naps are going to be good for some people, not for others.
  • 00:25:58
    I personally like to take a nap around 3 or 4 PM,
  • 00:26:01
    but there's a practice that I've adopted in the last five years
  • 00:26:05
    that I've found to be immensely beneficial.
  • 00:26:08
    That is sort of like napping but isn't napping.
  • 00:26:10
    It's a thing that they call yoga nidra.
  • 00:26:14
    Yoga nidra actually means yoga sleep.
  • 00:26:16
    And it's a sort of meditation that you listen to.
  • 00:26:19
    Meditation and yoga nidra scripts
  • 00:26:21
    have been immensely helpful for me
  • 00:26:23
    in terms of accelerating the transition to sleep.
  • 00:26:26
    So they involve taking a few minutes, 10 to 30 minutes or so,
  • 00:26:31
    just like you would for a nap and just
  • 00:26:33
    listening to a script almost passively,
  • 00:26:35
    and it has do some particular patterns of breathing
  • 00:26:38
    and some other kind of body scan things that can really
  • 00:26:42
    help people learn to relax, not just in that moment,
  • 00:26:45
    but get better at relaxing and turning off
  • 00:26:48
    thinking in order to fall asleep when
  • 00:26:49
    they want to do that at night.
  • 00:26:51
    In other words, they're always good for you
  • 00:26:53
    because it's a training mechanism by which you self
  • 00:26:55
    train your nervous system to go from a state of heightened
  • 00:26:59
    alertness, that you don't want to heighten,
  • 00:27:01
    relaxation that you do want.
  • 00:27:03
    And so it's really teaching you to hit the brake.
  • 00:27:06
    And that brings us to an even more important point, perhaps,
  • 00:27:09
    which is we've all experienced that we can stay up
  • 00:27:13
    if we want to.
  • 00:27:14
    If we want to stay up late on New Year's or we
  • 00:27:17
    want to push an all-nighter.
  • 00:27:18
    Some people can do that more easily than others,
  • 00:27:20
    but we're all capable of doing that.
  • 00:27:23
    But it's very hard to make ourselves fall asleep.
  • 00:27:26
    And so there's a sort of asymmetry to the way
  • 00:27:28
    our autonomic nervous system, which
  • 00:27:30
    governs this alertness, calmness thing,
  • 00:27:32
    the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system,
  • 00:27:34
    there's an asymmetry there where we
  • 00:27:36
    are more easily able to engage wakefulness and drive
  • 00:27:40
    wakefulness.
  • 00:27:40
    We can force ourselves to stay awake
  • 00:27:43
    than we are able to force ourselves to fall asleep.
  • 00:27:46
    And one of the things that I say over and over again
  • 00:27:49
    and I'm going to continue to say over and over again
  • 00:27:51
    is it's very hard to control the mind with the mind.
  • 00:27:54
    When you have trouble falling asleep,
  • 00:27:56
    you need to look to some mechanism that
  • 00:27:58
    involves the body.
  • 00:27:59
    And all the things I described meditation, hypnosis, yoga
  • 00:28:02
    nidra, all involve exhale, emphasized,
  • 00:28:06
    breathing certain ways of lying down and controlling the body.
  • 00:28:10
    We're going to get into breathing in real depth
  • 00:28:12
    at another time.
  • 00:28:13
    But all of those involve using the body to control the mind
  • 00:28:16
    rather than trying to wrestle your mind into a certain pattern
  • 00:28:21
    of relaxation.
  • 00:28:22
    And when we're having trouble controlling the mind,
  • 00:28:25
    I encourage people to look towards the body,
  • 00:28:27
    look toward sunlight, avoid sunlight and bright light
  • 00:28:30
    if that happens to be late at night.
  • 00:28:32
    So there's a theme that's starting to emerge,
  • 00:28:34
    which is in order to control this thing that we call
  • 00:28:36
    the nervous system, we have to look back
  • 00:28:38
    to some of the things we discussed earlier,
  • 00:28:40
    like sensation, perception, etcetera.
  • 00:28:42
    But we have to ask, what can we control?
  • 00:28:45
    Well, I'm talking about controlling light exposure,
  • 00:28:47
    controlling your breathing and body,
  • 00:28:49
    non-sleep deep rest or what I hereafter
  • 00:28:52
    we will refer to as NSDR non-sleep deep rest as a way
  • 00:28:58
    to reset one's ability to be awake
  • 00:29:01
    after you emerge from NSDR.
  • 00:29:03
    So to get some more wakefulness and ability
  • 00:29:05
    to attend some emotional stability reset,
  • 00:29:08
    as well as make it better and easier
  • 00:29:11
    to fall asleep when you want to go to sleep at night.
  • 00:29:14
    Now, non-sleep deep rest does have some research
  • 00:29:17
    to support it.
  • 00:29:18
    There's a beautiful study done out of a university in Denmark.
  • 00:29:22
    I will later provide a link to that study that
  • 00:29:25
    showed that this meditation and yoga nidra type
  • 00:29:29
    meditation allows dopamine and other neuromodulators
  • 00:29:33
    in an area of the brain called the striatum that's
  • 00:29:35
    involved in motor planning and motor execution to reset itself.
  • 00:29:39
    In other words, this NSDR can reset our ability
  • 00:29:43
    to engage in the world in a way that's very deliberate.
  • 00:29:46
    OK, so what about things that we can and maybe
  • 00:29:49
    should or should not take in order
  • 00:29:51
    to control and access better sleep and better wakefulness?
  • 00:29:55
    There are a couple of things that
  • 00:29:56
    are directly in line with the biology
  • 00:29:58
    related to falling and staying asleep and directly
  • 00:30:00
    in line with the biology of wakefulness.
  • 00:30:03
    There's a whole category of things like stimulants, cocaine,
  • 00:30:07
    amphetamine and prescription stimulants
  • 00:30:10
    that are the prescription ones were
  • 00:30:12
    designed for the treatment of narcolepsy.
  • 00:30:13
    So things like modafinil or armodafinil
  • 00:30:17
    that are designed to create wakefulness,
  • 00:30:18
    they are all essentially chemical variants
  • 00:30:23
    of things that increase epinephrine and dopamine.
  • 00:30:26
    Now, of course, I'm of the standpoint
  • 00:30:28
    that things like cocaine and amphetamine
  • 00:30:30
    are just across the board bad.
  • 00:30:31
    They have so many addictive and terrible effects.
  • 00:30:34
    In the proper setting prescribed by the proper professional,
  • 00:30:38
    things like modafinil for narcolepsy might be appropriate.
  • 00:30:42
    I know that a lot of people out there take Adderall,
  • 00:30:46
    even though they haven't been prescribed Adderall in order
  • 00:30:49
    to increase wakefulness.
  • 00:30:50
    That is essentially, well, it's illegal for one,
  • 00:30:54
    but it's also abusing the system in the sense
  • 00:30:57
    that you're pushing back on the adenosine system,
  • 00:30:59
    slightly differently than you do caffeine.
  • 00:31:01
    It will make you feel more alert.
  • 00:31:02
    There tends to be a heavy rebound
  • 00:31:04
    and they do have an addictive potential.
  • 00:31:05
    There are also some other effects
  • 00:31:07
    of those that can be quite bad.
  • 00:31:08
    But there are some supplements and some things
  • 00:31:10
    that are safer, certainly safer, and that in cases where you're
  • 00:31:16
    doing all the right behaviors, you're exercising and eating
  • 00:31:19
    correctly and you're still having trouble
  • 00:31:21
    with sleep, that can be beneficial for falling
  • 00:31:24
    and staying asleep.
  • 00:31:25
    Now, I want to be very clear.
  • 00:31:26
    I am not pushing supplements.
  • 00:31:28
    I'm just pointing you toward some things
  • 00:31:30
    that have been shown in peer reviewed studies
  • 00:31:32
    to have some benefit.
  • 00:31:34
    The first one is magnesium.
  • 00:31:37
    There are many forms of magnesium,
  • 00:31:38
    but certain forms of magnesium can have positive effects
  • 00:31:41
    on sleepiness and the ability to stay asleep,
  • 00:31:44
    mainly by way of increasing neurotransmitters, like GABA.
  • 00:31:48
    There are a lot of forms of magnesium out there,
  • 00:31:50
    but one in particular is magnesium threonate.
  • 00:31:53
    T-H-R-E-O-N-A-T-E, which you have to check to see if this is
  • 00:31:59
    right for you.
  • 00:31:59
    Check with your doctor.
  • 00:32:00
    The other thing is theanine.
  • 00:32:02
    T-H-E-A-- T-H-E-A-N-I-N-E. Theanine.
  • 00:32:09
    100 to 200 milligrams of theanine for me
  • 00:32:12
    also helps me turn off my mind and fall asleep.
  • 00:32:15
    Interestingly, theanine is now being introduced
  • 00:32:17
    to a lot of energy drinks in order
  • 00:32:20
    to take away the jitters that are associated
  • 00:32:22
    with drinking too much caffeine or with some other things that
  • 00:32:24
    are in the energy drinks.
  • 00:32:26
    So just a consideration.
  • 00:32:28
    Again, I'm not here to tell you what
  • 00:32:29
    to do or not do, but just want to arm you with information.
  • 00:32:33
    The thing about theanine and magnesium is taken together,
  • 00:32:38
    they do for some people, they can make them so sleepy
  • 00:32:41
    and sleep so deeply that they actually have trouble waking up
  • 00:32:43
    in the morning.
  • 00:32:44
    So you have to play with these things and titrate them
  • 00:32:46
    if you decide to use them again, if you decide to go this route,
  • 00:32:49
    I would not start by taking supplements.
  • 00:32:51
    I would start by getting your light viewing behavior correct.
  • 00:32:54
    And then think about your nutrition
  • 00:32:56
    and then think about your activity
  • 00:32:57
    and then think about whether or not you want to supplement.
  • 00:33:00
    We already talked about melatonin earlier.
  • 00:33:02
    There's another supplement that can be quite useful,
  • 00:33:04
    which is apigenin.
  • 00:33:05
    A-P-I-G-E-N-I-N, which is the derivative of chamomile.
  • 00:33:09
    50 milligrams of apigenin also can augment or support
  • 00:33:14
    this kind of creation of a sleepiness to help fall asleep
  • 00:33:18
    and stay asleep.
  • 00:33:20
    As an important point, apigenin is a fairly potent estrogen
  • 00:33:24
    inhibitor.
  • 00:33:25
    So women who want to keep their estrogen levels high
  • 00:33:28
    or at whatever levels they happen to be at
  • 00:33:31
    should probably avoid apigenin altogether.
  • 00:33:33
    And men take that into consideration as well.
  • 00:33:37
    Men need estrogen also.
  • 00:33:38
    You don't want to completely eliminate your estrogen.
  • 00:33:40
    That can create all sorts of bad effects
  • 00:33:42
    on libido and cognition, etcetera.
  • 00:33:45
    So apigenin in some people is going
  • 00:33:47
    to be a pretty strong estrogen inhibitor.
  • 00:33:49
    So keep that in mind.
  • 00:33:50
    So thank you so much for your time and attention.
  • 00:33:52
    And above all, thank you for your interest in science.
  • 00:33:54
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