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[Music]
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and then let's discuss
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what is the role the current role of
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science and technology in the country
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right now
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and then let's ask ourselves what do we
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need to do
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it's easier to understand rather than
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saying it's stunted and underneath it it
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stunted
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and so because it did not have the
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opportunity to grow it did not grow as
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[Music]
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means that we can still do a lot this is
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not yet
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the peak of philippine um
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capabilities we can do a lot with what
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we have we can do a lot
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by improving what we have and therefore
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there's a lot of things that we can do
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with scientific values
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the problem is we're not there yet we're
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very far
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from that position in fact we asked
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uh the surveys uh among
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asean countries and our neighbors we're
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actually going to be very high
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numerically number 45 out of 46
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for science 43 out of 45
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in math and therefore if you look at it
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numerically high but you're
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really at the end of the line they're
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not really prepared to do science and
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technology
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and if they after k-12
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most of them would not get into the stem
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trap most of them will not be scientists
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or engineers
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so this is obviously an education this
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is obviously
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as i've said earlier your filipino 13
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year old is
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ill-prepared in science and math um
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only 60 65 of our
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high schools would have science
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equipment
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and therefore 35 percent will just draw
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their experiments in the board
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and tell the students this is what will
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happen
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if we had experiment and that's not the
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way to do science
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to do science effectively you have to
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have hands-on
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experience in other words you cannot
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imagine
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electricity unless you see a light uh
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light bulb light you cannot imagine the
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cell phone until you actually fold the
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cell phone
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and use it you cannot just describe that
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and this is that is what really happens
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not only in the basic science but even
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in the life science
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in many areas not only in the high
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school
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but also in the tertiary
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now in industrial growth it's much
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more edited the evidence that i will
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point to is
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the lack of jobs
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the lack of industries is one big
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reflection of the lack of industrial
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capacity
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in the country we don't have basic
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industries
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we don't have any ways to make things
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that we would be using
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now and of course without industries you
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don't have
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jobs and without jobs you don't have a
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future
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now this is one of my favorite slides
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it's a graph
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it's a graph of the gdp the gross
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domestic production of the
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country in terms of production services
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and public utilities 100
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that's the whole economy and that's from
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1946 to 2008
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there's a second part of the slide the
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data is actually at the
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trending track now the first thing that
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you would notice is that
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since after the war okay 1946
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agriculture has been steadily going down
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that's green
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now agriculture is very important in the
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country uh because
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it's it's the way that we will feed our
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nation
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now the fact is 70 of our people is
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engaged in agriculture
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7 out of ten is engaged in agriculture
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and if you look at it in 1946 41
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of our economy is agriculture right now
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41
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uh that 41 has gone down
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to less than 10 and the problem
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there is of course is that it's not that
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we cannot just
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feed ourselves that's the one of the
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most evident problem
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for students like you the problem would
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be
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that the 70 percent that is engaged in
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agriculture is now
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just sharing a very very small part
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that's not even the problem
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the bigger problem the bigger problem is
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in
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production in the manufacturing part the
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manufacturing part
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that's the gray dashed line so
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manufacturing first agriculture is equal
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to the blue line
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which is production so the manufacturing
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part
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that the dashed gray line is actually
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the ones that make
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the things that we use your computer
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your chair
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your clothes your food etc the things
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that you use
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and if you will see after the war we
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don't really have production that's
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obvious because
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all industrial production has been
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destroyed during the war
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but it has steadily increased but just
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plateaued
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or stayed there at around 23
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on the average since 1950s
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so a productive capacity of the
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philippines has stayed relatively flat
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since the 1950s in terms of percentage
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we were just producing
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whatever we can we have produced in the
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1950s as a percentage of our economy
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you know in terms of number but in terms
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of part of our economy
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we haven't really been producing that
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much we're just producing
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roughly one fourth of our economy is in
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production
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indeed
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thank you
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the problem of the lack of things that
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you would be needing
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in everyday life will be the problem so
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you'll go to a mall all the things that
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are important
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not because by choice of course there
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are very
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posh malls there but because there's
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nothing being produced here
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everything will be important you go to
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asari sari store
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not necessarily your trendiest place to
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buy things
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but you will not find anything that is
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produced here
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except for a very few items so even
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our condiments even are i mean this is
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the usual joke
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even our toothpick is made outside
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that's true
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not just the toothpick most of the
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things that you would use
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now if there is ever any production here
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is
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mostly very small okay
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not a very large scale production or
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if it's being produced here then it has
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a very large import component
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what do you think is the biggest export
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of the country
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it's something that you cannot eat it's
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something that you actually use every
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day it's
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hardest it's electronics you
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you would wonder electronics so that
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means if i go
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in recto okay
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then i can buy electronics at a very
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very
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um reduced price because it's your top
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export and therefore there must be we
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must be awash with electronics but we're
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not
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okay that largest export has a very
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large
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import component in other words to
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produce the electronics that we export
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we import everything else what do we do
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what do we add
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all the things that we add is just label
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now the problem of course is
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the labor costs here in the philippines
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are very low above
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et cetera and therefore you don't really
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do
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any science and technology anymore you
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just assemble things you export them
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that's it and that has gone
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even after the government has tried to
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recalculate changing baselines
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the trend of going production going down
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manufacturing going flat agriculture
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falling
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is actually the same
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so where what has taken up our economy
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i mean
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that means something is actually
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giving jobs however small to our
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economy no that's the services services
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like call centers back-end offices
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the service crews that you actually
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encounter in fast food
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the rentals that you have etc these are
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services
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now what is the very distinct
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nature services the problem with
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services is that you don't really get
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to hold anything from services you call
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a call center
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you don't bring home anything you get a
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service
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your red house okay the rental itself is
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a service
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okay so the services services do not
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really produce
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material objects the problem of course
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as i
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said earlier if you need something it
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will not come from services
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right so that's the whole problem of our
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economy right now
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um we don't produce a lot we're not an
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industrial economy
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we're pre-industrial we're still
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agrarian but
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backward at that backward in the sense
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that
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even up until now 2018 we still have
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people in
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doing agriculture by literally pushing
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their
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their their animals and literally doing
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artisanal work
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by hand
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they do it themselves and that's a very
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low productivity way
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of doing agriculture now even if you
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give them
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tractors they don't really own the land
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so nothing comes to them
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so what do we do what do filipinos if
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there's no jobs here
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what do most of your um
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like do they go out they go abroad
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most of our well 10 now around 11
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10 to 11 of our filipino labor force is
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actually outside of the country
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and that's one way of finding jobs
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but do you know how much the jobs in
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saudi right now is
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is actually the same as the entry-level
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construction worker here in the country
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that just means that people filipinos
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would take any job opportunity even if
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it's outside of the country
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even if they don't have to come home
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okay
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and this headline is not surprising
00:12:07
anymore
00:12:08
right um that was that was last year
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you can actually find um that this trend
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has been
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going up the joblessness uh in fact
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it was surprising that even our
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philippine statistics authority does not
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report joblessness anymore
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they report um the percentage of those
00:12:31
who have jobs it's a negative vietnam
00:12:34
but joblessness but this is actually
00:12:36
increasing
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uh since the last few years
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now most of you would be 18 to 24
00:12:45
right or wish to be 80 20
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where do i divide so half of you
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it can be my left or my right will not
00:12:56
have jobs if you try to find
00:12:58
jobs right now in fact more than half
00:13:02
52 of your age range cannot find
00:13:06
jobs it doesn't matter if you're from
00:13:09
fau
00:13:10
from usd from ub or any of those top
00:13:13
universities because on the average
00:13:18
that uh you your age group will have
00:13:22
difficulties in finding jobs and that's
00:13:24
the
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promise of um
00:13:28
the job market you can find jobs if you
00:13:31
have a good
00:13:32
education but in this economy a good
00:13:35
education is not a very big
00:13:39
assurance that you will find why it's
00:13:42
not because
00:13:43
you don't have credentials it's because
00:13:46
the economy
00:13:47
cannot absorb the labor force that we're
00:13:51
producing right now
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it's even the researchers in the
00:13:57
in in the government and
00:14:01
she's now a uh undersecretary
00:14:04
professional
00:14:05
in the dti and
00:14:08
she has been she has been saying that we
00:14:11
need to have manufacturing
00:14:13
that they did try to have a
00:14:14
manufacturing resurgence but
00:14:16
this still is the main characterization
00:14:20
of our economy we don't produce
00:14:23
things if ever we have production
00:14:26
we have extraction on one hand so we do
00:14:29
have mining
00:14:31
we do have sales at the other end right
00:14:34
but we don't have production in the
00:14:36
middle
00:14:36
so what do we do if you need metal if
00:14:39
you need
00:14:41
higher what do you
00:14:44
we do have iron ore we need iron in
00:14:47
buildings
00:14:48
but we don't actually produce iron bars
00:14:50
so what we do is to export the iron ore
00:14:54
and then buy it back is
00:14:59
okay because the value that that cost
00:15:02
there is because it
00:15:03
it tries to reflect the value added the
00:15:06
value added is
00:15:07
transforming that for to to steal
00:15:12
we don't have those value-added
00:15:14
industries here
00:15:16
now value-adding is part of science and
00:15:19
technology and engineering
00:15:21
if you have new processes to make better
00:15:23
steel
00:15:24
then you can sell your steel at a higher
00:15:26
price
00:15:27
but do you really need metallurgical
00:15:30
engineers
00:15:31
do you really need any chemistry
00:15:35
because you don't really have that
00:15:37
production you don't have that need
00:15:40
maybe you would need structural
00:15:41
engineers because you're building things
00:15:43
but at the cost maybe you just need one
00:15:46
you don't need
00:15:47
thousands right you might need mining
00:15:51
engineers
00:15:52
but probably not those experience
00:15:55
because all you need to find is the rock
00:15:59
and that's the problem so you cannot
00:16:02
really develop your science and
00:16:03
technology
00:16:04
because we don't have those industries
00:16:08
so what do we do we have low value added
00:16:11
manufacturing and low value added
00:16:14
manufacturing yesterday i was in an
00:16:16
electronics company
00:16:19
the import as i said earlier a lot of
00:16:21
their electronics
00:16:22
resistors capacitors all the parts here
00:16:26
all they do is to really put it together
00:16:29
you put them together and then make a
00:16:31
radio for your car make a
00:16:34
make a device for your um
00:16:37
for your computer etc we do manufacture
00:16:40
hard disks in the philippines
00:16:42
so even the hardest computer is
00:16:44
sometimes made in the philippines
00:16:46
but all they do is to actually assemble
00:16:51
and most of our
00:16:54
production is in that state
00:16:57
so do you really need phds in chemistry
00:17:01
et cetera how many of those
00:17:04
that you would do and therefore it's not
00:17:06
surprising to find
00:17:08
scientists to go out right it's not just
00:17:12
ordinary professionals it's even our
00:17:14
highly trained scientists and engineers
00:17:16
going out of the country
00:17:20
nurses as well okay medical
00:17:22
professionals
00:17:23
etc who actually go and seek employment
00:17:27
elsewhere reason we don't really have
00:17:31
places for them in our economy
00:17:35
they can participate in the economy but
00:17:37
sometimes not a scientists or engineers
00:17:40
and if you actually look around and find
00:17:44
where are our experts there are you will
00:17:48
find
00:17:48
in general were around again very high
00:17:51
96
00:17:52
out of 139 well numerically i'm sorry
00:17:58
at least
00:18:02
numerically high but we're at the tail
00:18:04
end as well
00:18:05
and what this means is that if you're
00:18:07
looking for an expert
00:18:10
more often than not we cannot find the
00:18:12
experts okay there's a roughly around
00:18:15
100 people
00:18:16
100 phds in physics in the country
00:18:20
okay and this is roughly 100 million
00:18:23
people
00:18:24
that makes me a one in a million guy
00:18:26
right
00:18:32
the weight will actually press on my
00:18:34
shoulders because there's
00:18:36
one million people in the philippine
00:18:39
center is actually
00:18:40
depending on me to
00:18:43
decide or to give anything information
00:18:47
model anything in physics
00:18:52
that's not a nice thing to think about
00:18:55
and it's even worse for a lot of other
00:18:58
scientific professions
00:19:00
if we're actually going to to add
00:19:02
together all the scientists and
00:19:04
engineers
00:19:05
do you know how many are there that
00:19:08
includes all the experts here
00:19:10
in feu would you guess that anybody
00:19:12
guess
00:19:13
there's only ten thousand in fact nine
00:19:16
thousand eight hundred
00:19:17
seventy research scientists and
00:19:20
engineers in other words
00:19:21
those who are really engaged in research
00:19:23
you only have 10
00:19:25
000 in the whole
00:19:28
country about 10 million
00:19:48
i know some of the people here in your
00:19:51
university research fellows
00:19:56
you don't really have a lot of people
00:19:59
and therefore it's very important that
00:20:01
scientists or science
00:20:05
students okay would actually try to
00:20:07
develop
00:20:08
and become more experts and stay here in
00:20:11
the country
00:20:12
so psy that includes everything science
00:20:15
chemistry
00:20:16
physics basic sciences economics etc
00:20:20
because if you stay here then you add
00:20:23
more number
00:20:24
to whenever the people would need the
00:20:27
experts
00:20:29
right
00:20:35
the reason here is partly because you
00:20:38
don't really have a lot
00:20:40
of funding
00:20:44
but even if you double the funding
00:20:47
even if you triple the funding which the
00:20:49
government plans to do
00:20:51
okay you don't really have people to
00:20:54
absorb it
00:20:55
i mean you get more um libo
00:20:58
nah researchers if you don't have
00:21:01
students
00:21:02
to work with you you cannot do it
00:21:05
everything okay the way to do
00:21:08
it is that you should actually generate
00:21:11
and let them
00:21:12
let the experts stay here the problem is
00:21:15
they don't
00:21:16
have places to go and
00:21:19
we only have like around one per 12 000
00:21:23
uh researcher density in the country
00:21:28
that's very far from singapore it's one
00:21:30
out of 164
00:21:32
okay but you know singapore is smaller
00:21:34
than manila
00:21:36
uh but thailand is a nice number to
00:21:39
look at has one-fourth of what we
00:21:43
have indonesia is a very large
00:21:46
population
00:21:47
has one half of it and vietnam as well
00:21:51
the situation right now where we're in
00:21:53
is that we don't have the industries
00:21:55
we don't have any program for developing
00:21:58
our
00:21:59
the rural area to industrialize the area
00:22:04
agricultural modernization is not even
00:22:07
a big idea
00:22:10
that is working in the agricultural
00:22:12
department earlier
00:22:14
they were talking about the sugar
00:22:16
shortage
00:22:18
okay and the solution was to import
00:22:22
not to develop our sugar production but
00:22:26
to input
00:22:27
okay all ways to import now the reason
00:22:30
was given
00:22:31
um is that the they have to fill the
00:22:35
need
00:22:36
immediately but that was the same thing
00:22:38
that they were saying a few years ago
00:22:41
so lagging along this is a three-season
00:22:45
company and that's the same thing for a
00:22:48
lot of areas
00:22:49
the research and development is not
00:22:51
really integrated in the thinking
00:22:54
of our policy makers and even of
00:22:56
industry
00:22:57
if you look at if you ask industry do
00:22:59
you have any
00:23:00
thing to make do you have any research
00:23:04
and development
00:23:05
in your country in your company they
00:23:08
would say no we have very little
00:23:10
okay in fact the federation of filipino
00:23:13
industries
00:23:14
says that they actually have little or
00:23:17
none
00:23:17
research and development in the country
00:23:21
but those problems of
00:23:25
sewage transportation etc
00:23:28
can be actually solved okay by
00:23:31
research and technology but not just
00:23:33
researching
00:23:34
technology but by better policy
00:23:53
[Music]
00:23:59
you
