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hey in this video we're going to look
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for the wait a minute
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you all seen mortimer hey mortimer dude
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i'm here what's up
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dude we can't do the bones of the
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skeletal system without you get over
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here
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wait what did he say it's time to do the
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bones of the skeleton video
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i've been waiting for this my entire
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life i'm so excited i could cry if only
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i had tear ducts
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i'm coming i'm coming here we go i'm so
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excited
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all right that's more like it like i
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said we're gonna learn all the bones of
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the skeleton in this video
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mortimer's here and we're ready to get
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started let's do it
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all right we're going to start from the
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top on the skull and work our way down
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through what we call the axial skeleton
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and then we'll move to the arms and the
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legs which we call the appendicular
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skeleton and at the end of the video
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we'll review all the bones again with
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mortimer
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and you can take a quick self quiz to
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see what bones you've learned and what
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you still need to practice
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let's start with the skull at the top
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which is removable here sorry mortimer
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whether tis noble in the minds of
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yeah i don't know what that line is so
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here's the skull of course and it houses
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your brain
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the main part of the skull here contains
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several bones that get sutured together
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whenever you're developing as a baby you
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know how babies have a soft spot on
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their head
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that's because a lot of this is
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cartilage and then it fills in with bone
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over time as these bones grow together
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and form your adult skull
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the parts of the skull also match the
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lobes of the cerebrum so if you know
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those lobes
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the names of these parts of the skull
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will sound very familiar to you first
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off we have the frontal bone
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which is going to cover this frontal
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part we have the parietal bones which
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will be these bones right here
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on the top of your head and we have the
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occipital bone
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around the back right here on either
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side we have what's called the temporal
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bone
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like your temples so again those are the
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frontal bone the parietal bones
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the occipital bone and then the temporal
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bones one of which you have on each side
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like i said the skull houses your brain
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and you can see
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these kind of interesting shapes and
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that's where the brain sits in there and
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you see this big hole right here
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which is where the brain connects to the
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spinal cord did you know you had a big
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spike in your head
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in case you didn't know that's not
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really there that's just for the model
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by the way
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if you do have a large metal spike in
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your head go to the doctor right now
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like seriously call 9-1-1 two more parts
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of the skull this part right here that's
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superior to your mouth is called the
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maxilla
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and down here we have the mandible go
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ahead and take a moment and stretch your
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mandible out there
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if you notice the mandible is actually
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not really attached to the rest of the
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skull
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except by the joint in the jaw right
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there so it's able to move freely from
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the rest of the skull
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much better
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the next bone i want to talk about is
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the sternum the sternum runs from here
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down to this tip at the bottom and you
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can feel your own there'll be a little
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notch in your neck right here
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and that's going to be that indentation
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between these two bones
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and your sternum and if you go down from
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there down sort of in the center you
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should be at the bottom of your sternum
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you can feel where it sort of like pokes
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down a little bit
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that's going to be the bottom of the
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sternum right here now branching out of
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your sternum are a bunch of pieces of
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cartilage
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you see those pieces of cartilage right
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here we call those the costal cartilage
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and they connect your sternum to your
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ribs right here as far as your ribs go
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you've got 12 pairs of ribs if i count
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in the front though i won't count 12
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i'll count 1 2
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3 4 5 6 7 8 sort of
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so we can't really count them from the
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front so i'm going to spin mortimer
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around in the back so you can see
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all of those ribs we can count the 12
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pairs a little bit better from the back
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here we've got 1
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2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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10 11 12 ribs and there's three
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categories that we use for the ribs
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we've got true ribs false ribs and
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floating ribs here's how you can tell
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the difference the true ribs are going
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to connect
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from the vertebrae of the spine to the
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sternum
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and there's going to be one piece of
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costal cartilage for each
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of the true ribs so we have a true rib
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here a true rib here
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a true rib here here and here for a
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total of one two three four
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five pairs of true ribs the false ribs
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are where the rib
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connects to a piece of costal cartilage
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that joins with other costal cartilage
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here so we've got one two three four
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five
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false ribs and finally we have two pairs
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of floating ribs
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you can see the floating rims actually
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don't connect in the front they start
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with the vertebrae right here
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and they just extend out and they sort
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of just float there they don't connect
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in the front
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so one two pairs of floating ribs so 12
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pairs of ribs total
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we've got five true ribs five false ribs
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and two floating ribs in the back there
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now connecting the skull to the ribs of
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course are the vertebrae
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of your spine and we categorize the
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different vertebrae depending on where
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they are and what they attach to
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and if you know the names of the spinal
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nerves these terms will sound very
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familiar to you so in the most superior
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part we have eight
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cervical vertebrae we have 12 thoracic
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vertebrae and the thoracic vertebrae are
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called thoracic vertebrae because they
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connect to the ribs that's why we have
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12 of those in that category
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so 8 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic
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vertebrae
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then we have 5 lumbar vertebrae down
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here and then we have this bone called
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the sacrum
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which has multiple nerves that extend
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out of it and finally the tailbone which
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is called the coccyx so 8 cervical
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vertebrae
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12 thoracic vertebrae 5 lumbar vertebrae
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and then the sacrum and the coccyx now
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all the bones that we've talked about so
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far
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the skull the vertebrae and the ribs are
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all about protection the skull of course
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protects your brain the vertebrae
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protect your spinal cord your spinal
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cord runs down
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through the middle of all those
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vertebrae and the ribs of course protect
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your heart and your lungs
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also all the bones that we've learned so
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far are part of the axial
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skeleton the axial skeleton is
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everything kind of down the middle we've
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got the skull
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the maxilla mandible the sternum the
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ribs
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the vertebrae and the sacrum and coccyx
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that's all part of the axial skeleton
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everything else that i draw on the
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diagram all in blue is going to be part
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of the appendicular skeleton
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appendicular the same as appendage means
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things that are sticking out and so your
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arms and your legs sort of stick out
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from the main part of your torso
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which is why they get the name
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appendicular we'll start with the
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shoulder and the arms
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these two bones right here are your
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collar bones or clavicles
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you can feel your clavicle if you feel
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right there on your neck
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and those will connect from the sternum
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to your shoulder blades which is called
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your scapula your scapulas are posterior
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to your ribs or behind your ribs
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and they sort of slide around if you can
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feel your scapula
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you can feel it sliding around if you
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move your shoulders like this if you
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move your shoulders like this
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and your scapula and your clavicle which
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combined or known as the
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pectoral girdle are going to form a
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joint with this bone the humerus
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your humerus of course is also known as
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your funny bone
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so this is your shoulder joint clavicle
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scapula and the humerus
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if we follow the humerus from the
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proximal end down to the distal end
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it's going to connect at your elbow
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joint to two bones called the radius
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and the ulna of these two bones in the
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forearm the way to tell which is which
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is to find the one that's on your thumb
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side on your thumb side is going to be
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the radius and i think of it like this i
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take my thumb and i move it in a circle
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well circles have a radius the bone on
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the pinky side is called the ulna which
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is kind of a tiny little word like your
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tiny little pinky a lot of cute little
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ulna
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the reason i like to use the thumb and
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the pinky to remember which is which is
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because these bones actually move
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across each other whenever you turn your
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wrist like this
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watch as the radius goes back and forth
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over the ulna as
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mortimer moves his wrist which brings us
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to the bones in the hand
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the wrist bones right here are called
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the carpals and you've got a bunch of
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them
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you can see lots of tiny little bones
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there those are the carpals
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you can find those there in your wrist
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just distal to the wrist are the
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metacarpals
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and these are the bones of the hand so
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your metacarpals are these bones right
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across here
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so carpals metacarpals here the bones in
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your fingers are called phalanges
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high five yeah we're tight like that
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and one single phalanges bone is not a
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phalange it's called a phalanx so one
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phalanx
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or a bunch of phalanges so those are the
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bones of the arm we've got the clavicle
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the scapular shoulder blade in the back
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there we've got the humerus
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here we have the radius on the thumb
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side the ulna on the pinky side
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we have the carpals the metacarpals and
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the phalanges
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all right let's move down to the bones
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of the leg and we'll start with what we
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call the pelvic girdle
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the pelvic girdle is made of the pelvis
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which we see
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right here and that connects directly to
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the sacrum
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back in there now on mortimer you see
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all of the white which is the bone but
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you see this yellowish color here as
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well and you see it between the two
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halves of the pelvis
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that yellowish color right there is
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cartilage so there's actually a piece of
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cartilage between the two halves of the
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pelvis which we call the pubic
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symphysis we see this in the spine as
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well there's all of these
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yellowish discs right there those are
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called the intervertebral discs
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or the cartilage discs between each of
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the vertebrae and that just makes your
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spine a little bit more flexible
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and this makes your pelvis a little bit
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more flexible now the bones of the leg
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will start with this the femur
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which is the longest bone of the body
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the proximal end of the femur connects
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to the pelvis
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and the distal end of the femur this
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little bone called the patella or your
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kneecap and the patella
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can actually slide from here down over
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your knee as you bend it mortimer you're
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so flexible
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look at that range of motion we have two
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bones in the lower leg
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here we have the tibia which is going to
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be the bigger of the two bones
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that's also your shin bone so if you
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ever bang your shin on something
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you're hitting your tibia right here and
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there's not a lot of cushion between
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your tibia
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and the skin over your shin it's not
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like the back of your leg where you got
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your big calf muscle there for cushion
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that's why your shin is so vulnerable to
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painful collisions so you can feel your
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tibia your fibula though which is sort
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of surrounded by muscles on all sides
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you can't really feel that one as easily
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but this is the fibula right here so
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tibia is the big bone fibula is the
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smaller bone
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whoa cool ankle bracelet now in the foot
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itself we have your heel bone called the
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calcaneus
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wave with your foot the rest of the
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bones of the foot kind of mirror the
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bones of the hand
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instead of the carpals we have the
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tarsal bones so the tarsal bones are all
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here
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and then down here we have the calcaneus
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and if we have tarsals then we have
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metatarsals calcaneus tarsals
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metatarsals and finally the bones of
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your toes are also called phalanges easy
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enough to remember so go ahead and take
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a moment
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wiggle all of your phalanges your
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fingers and your toes
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phalanges all right let's go and review
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all the bones of the leg again we have
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the pelvis here and the pubic symphysis
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in between the two halves of the pelvis
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we've got the femur we've got the
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patella our kneecap
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we've got the tibia that's the bigger
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bone the shin bone
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we've got the fibula you can also
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remember that the fibula is always on
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the side
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i kind of remember it like it's got the
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word fib in it like it's lying about who
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it is it's like
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yeah i contribute a lot to the stability
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of the leg when really the tibia is
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doing all the work the fibula is sort of
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lying about its usefulness
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that's probably not completely true it
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probably is really important but that's
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how i remember tibia
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versus fibula the fibula it's lying it's
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not doing that much it's a smaller one
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and then we have the calcaneus or the
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heel bone
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we've got the tarsals the metatarsals
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and the phalanges all right now mortimer
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is going to provide us with the bones of
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the skeleton tour let's go
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here we have the skull of course we've
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got the frontal bone right there
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we've got the parietal bones on the top
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there
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we've got the occipital bone and of
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course the temporal bone on the side
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we've got the maxilla right there and
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the mandible
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down there and here's a view from the
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bottom that's kind of cool looking
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that big hole is where the spinal cord
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enters up into the brain
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all right you just chill right there for
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a second i'll be right back okay boss
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here we've got the sternum with the
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notch right there
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and then this protrusion sticking out
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right there we've got the costal
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cartilage
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which connects from the sternum to the
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ribs and of course we have five true
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ribs
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five false ribs and in the back here we
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can see the two floating ribs they don't
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connect to anything
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anymore around the back we've got
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cervical vertebrae up here eight of
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those
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twelve thoracic vertebrae that are all
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connected to one of the ribs
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the lumbar vertebrae we've got the
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sacrum
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and then the coccyx or the tailbone
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back to the front we've got the clavicle
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which connects from the sternum
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over to the scapula the scapula is kind
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of a strain shaped bone it's kind of a v
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shape right here plus it's got this
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protrusion sticking out right there
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that's your shoulder blade it connects
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to the humerus
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the humerus runs down here where it
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connects to the radius
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and the ulna here's the radius on the
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thumb side
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here's the ulna on the peaky side and of
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course we have got the carpals
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the metacarpals of the hand and then the
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phalanges
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up here we've got the pelvis and the
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pubic symphysis which is the cartilage
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between the two halves of the pelvis
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we've got the femur which runs all the
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way down here
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oop apparently more stand is broken
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we've got the patella or the kneecap
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we have the tibia that's the big bone
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there we've got the fibula the small
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bone
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down over here we've got the calcaneus
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that's the heel bone back there
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we've got the tarsals the metatarsals
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and then finally the phalanges there at
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the bottom all right thanks for the tour
00:12:44
mortem
00:12:45
oops thanks for the tour mortimer uh no
00:12:47
problem can you put my head back on now
00:12:49
uh no problem
00:12:50
you got it all right here's a blank
00:12:52
version of our diagram
00:12:53
take a moment pause the video and see if
00:12:54
you can identify all of the bones in the
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diagram
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all right here we have the skull and of
00:12:59
course the skull contains the frontal
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bone parietal bone occipital bone
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temporal bone maxilla and mandible we've
00:13:06
got the vertebrae which will include 8
00:13:08
cervical
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12 thoracic 5 lumbar and then the sacrum
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and the coccyx
00:13:13
we have the sternum and we have the
00:13:14
costal cartilage branching out of the
00:13:16
sternum which connect to the ribs
00:13:18
we've got five true ribs five false ribs
00:13:21
and two floating ribs in the back we
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have the pectoral girdle which includes
00:13:24
the clavicle
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the scapula or shoulder blade the
00:13:28
humerus the radius on the thumb side the
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ulna on the pinky side
00:13:32
the carpals metacarpals and phalanges
00:13:35
and then all of the leg bones we have
00:13:36
the pelvis
00:13:37
the pubic symphysis is a piece of
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cartilage between the halves of the
00:13:40
pelvis the femur
00:13:41
the kneecap called the patella we've got
00:13:44
the tibia
00:13:45
fibula calcaneus tarsals
00:13:48
metatarsals and the phalanges of the
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feet and of course all these bones
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down the center are called the axial
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skeleton and all the bones of the arms
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and the legs are called the appendicular
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skeleton
00:13:59
mortimer should we start a band what
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would i do well i could see
00:14:03
no i can't sing really skull is
00:14:05
connected to the
00:14:06
cervical vertebrae cervical vertebra
00:14:08
connected to the thoracic vertebrae
00:14:10
the thoracic vertebra connected to the
00:14:11
ribs the ribs are connected to the
00:14:14
sternum the vertebrae also connected to
00:14:16
the
00:14:17
you know it's hard to do an anatomically
00:14:19
correct version of that song