منهج التدريب لتعليم قيادة المركبات | الوحدة الأولى | القسم الثاني

00:14:53
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBkU3nsfgco

Resumo

TLDRيتناول الفيديو بشكل مفصل مشكلة السرعة على الطرق والتهديدات التي تشكلها. يتم التركيز على عدم قدرة البشر على التكيف مع السرعات العالية، مما يؤدي إلى تقدير خاطئ للسرعة وصعوبة في التحكم بالمركبة. يتم أيضًا التطرق إلى مبدأ تكييف السرعة مع الظروف لتجنب الحوادث، ويشرح الفيديو أيضًا العوامل التي تؤدي إلى زيادة مسافة رد الفعل والكبح. يُعرض كيفية حساب مسافة التوقف والتي تلعب دورًا حاسمًا في تجنب المخاطر على الطرق. يتضمن الفيديو أيضًا عوامل مثل الإرهاق وتناول الدواء التي يمكن أن تطيل فترة رد الفعل للسائقين.

Conclusões

  • 🚗 السرعة على الطرق تمثل تحدي أمني كبير.
  • ⚠️ التقدير الخاطئ للسرعة يسبب الحوادث.
  • 🧩 التكيف مع السرعة هو عنصر أساسي في القيادة الآمنة.
  • 🕒 مسافة التوقف تشمل مسافة رد الفعل ومسافة الكبح.
  • 🚦 التركيز الذهني يساعد في تقليل مسافة رد الفعل.
  • 🏁 اختبار الكوابح والإطارات بانتظام لضمان السلامة.
  • 👀 الابتعاد عن التشتت أثناء القيادة ضرورة.
  • 📉 حمل زائد يؤثر سلبًا على الكبح.
  • 💡 التعرف على العوامل المؤثرة في مسافة التوقف يسهم في الفهم الأكثر أماناً للطريق.

Linha do tempo

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    تناول الجزء الثاني موضوع السرعة ومخاطرها الثلاثة الرئيسية. أكدت الفقرة على أهمية فهم السرعة كأساس لتطوير سلوك صحيح على الطريق. تم التطرق إلى مفهوم مستخدمي الطريق المختلفين وكيفية تفاعلهم بسرعات وأحجام مختلفة، مما يشكل مخاطر بسبب الصعوبة البشرية في تقدير السرعة بشكل دقيق. تم شرح صعوبة التحكم في السيارة بسرعات عالية، ومدى التداعيات الخطيرة لتحريك كتلة كبيرة بسرعة عالية في حالة الاصطدام.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:14:53

    تناولت الفقرة الثانية مفهوم "مسافة التوقف" وأهميته في القيادة. شُرح مكونات مسافة التوقف بدءًا من "مسافة رد الفعل" وكيفية تأثرها بعوامل مثل التشتيت، التعب، وتأثير الأدوية. كذلك، تمت مناقشة "مسافة الكبح" والعوامل التي تزيدها، مثل سرعة السيارة وكفاءة الفرامل. نُصح السائقون بتطوير استراتيجيات تقلل من مسافة التوقف الكلية عن طريق التفكير الاستباقي والحفاظ على الجهوزية.

Mapa mental

Vídeo de perguntas e respostas

  • ما هي السرعة التي يمشي بها المارة عادة؟

    غالبًا لا تتجاوز سرعة المشي من 4 إلى 5 كم في الساعة.

  • ما هي المخاطر الثلاثة المرتبطة بالسرعة؟

    أولاً، صعوبة تقدير السرعة؛ ثانيًا، التحكم في السيارة عند السرعات العالية؛ ثالثًا، تحرك الكتل الكبيرة بسرعات عالية.

  • ما هو مبدأ التكيف مع السرعة؟

    هو ضبط السرعة وفقًا لظروف الطريق وحالات المرور.

  • ما هو مسافة رد الفعل؟

    هي المسافة التي يقطعها السائق من رؤية الخطر إلى ضغط الفرامل.

  • ما هي العوامل التي تزيد من مسافة كبح السيارة؟

    شوارع مبللة، قوة الكوابح، الإطارات السيئة، والحمولة الزائدة.

  • كيف يمكن حساب مسافة التوقف؟

    مسافة التوقف = مسافة رد الفعل + مسافة الكبح.

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Legendas
en-US
Rolagem automática:
  • 00:00:00
    Part 2
  • 00:00:01
    Speed as a major problem
  • 00:00:03
    In this part, we'll talk about "speed"
  • 00:00:05
    and its three main hazards.
  • 00:00:07
    It's a very important topic.
  • 00:00:09
    As it's the basic rule,
  • 00:00:11
    based on which we'll understand the logic behind proper attitude on the road.
  • 00:00:15
    We'll constantly refer back to this subject throughout the course.
  • 00:00:18
    Because it will help us learn about other subjects.
  • 00:00:21
    Who are the road users?
  • 00:00:23
    Are they the vehicle drivers only?
  • 00:00:25
    of course not!
  • 00:00:26
    Road users are pedestrians, motorcyclists,
  • 00:00:30
    and riders of various types of vehicles.
  • 00:00:32
    Such as light and heavy trucks,
  • 00:00:35
    buses, and public work vehicles.
  • 00:00:38
    Although these groups are varied,
  • 00:00:40
    all of them use the road and interact with each other on the road.
  • 00:00:45
    What are the different characteristics that distinguish these groups?
  • 00:00:49
    They vary in speed and size.
  • 00:00:51
    Each one has a different speed and size.
  • 00:00:55
    Such difference is the cause of risks.
  • 00:00:57
    Because we, as humans, weren't created to move with high speed.
  • 00:01:01
    What's the speed of walkers, in your point of view?
  • 00:01:03
    The walkers' speed doesn't exceed 4 to 5 km per hour
  • 00:01:07
    The highest speed is 20 to 30 km per hour.
  • 00:01:12
    Since we're not used to high speed as walkers,
  • 00:01:15
    it's difficult for us to estimate speed.
  • 00:01:17
    How many times did we hear about run-over accidents?
  • 00:01:20
    Some of them are caused due to the person's under-assessment
  • 00:01:22
    of the vehicle's speed.
  • 00:01:23
    He expects that he can cross the road.
  • 00:01:27
    When he decides to cross with walking speed,
  • 00:01:29
    which is 5 km per hour,
  • 00:01:31
    the vehicle's speed will be multiply higher.
  • 00:01:34
    As such, he gets run over.
  • 00:01:36
    Ok. Is it possible to expect the exact speed of a bike or motorcycle?
  • 00:01:41
    or a car? while walking on road?
  • 00:01:43
    It's difficult for us, as humans, to assess high speeds.
  • 00:01:46
    Because our speed is only 5 km per hour.
  • 00:01:49
    We weren't created with higher speeds.
  • 00:01:52
    That's why we use the technology to measure speed.
  • 00:01:56
    Such as the speedometer in the cars.
  • 00:01:59
    The difficulty of estimating speed is the first main hazard of speed.
  • 00:02:04
    The second hazard is learning to control the car,
  • 00:02:07
    when driving with high speed.
  • 00:02:09
    It's a skill we acquire by getting experience over time.
  • 00:02:13
    By practicing driving, you'll have proper estimation of high speeds.
  • 00:02:18
    Through the mutual interaction between the eye, brain, and mind.
  • 00:02:22
    You'll learn to control the car while driving with high speed.
  • 00:02:26
    The third hazard is moving a large mass with high speed.
  • 00:02:30
    This may cause serious consequences,
  • 00:02:33
    if you hit another vehicle or person.
  • 00:02:36
    In brief, understanding these hazards
  • 00:02:38
    is one of the main reasons that make us, as drivers,
  • 00:02:42
    in need for being aware of our attitude,
  • 00:02:44
    and the attitude of other road users.
  • 00:02:47
    Dear, if the vehicle's weight is heavy and its speed is high,
  • 00:02:51
    have you ever thought of its power on crash?
  • 00:02:54
    Among the principles of driving cars,
  • 00:02:55
    and one of the main principles that help us restrain on time,
  • 00:03:00
    to avoid crash.
  • 00:03:01
    is the principle of adapting speed.
  • 00:03:03
    What do we mean by adapting speed?
  • 00:03:05
    It means adjusting and adapting your speed
  • 00:03:08
    with the road circumstances and traffic situations.
  • 00:03:10
    Although the situations are numerous,
  • 00:03:13
    and though some of them are different,
  • 00:03:14
    this is one of the most important reasons.
  • 00:03:17
    We must be highly attentive
  • 00:03:20
    and follow up what's going on around us in general, while driving.
  • 00:03:23
    We must select a suitable driving speed,
  • 00:03:27
    that helps us stop on time, to avoid crash.
  • 00:03:30
    The question here is how to know the right speed for driving?
  • 00:03:35
    The answer is by abiding by another principle,
  • 00:03:39
    which is the principle of stopping distance.
  • 00:03:41
    The stopping distance. What's the stopping distance?
  • 00:03:44
    It's the distance we cross since we see the obstacle or danger,
  • 00:03:48
    till we completely stop the car.
  • 00:03:50
    To understand this principle, let's take a look at its components,
  • 00:03:54
    how to calculate it, and the best way to use it
  • 00:03:58
    Since learning this principle will make you more committed
  • 00:04:01
    with a driving attitude that's more safe,
  • 00:04:03
    let's tackle the first component, which is the reaction distance.
  • 00:04:07
    or "careful distance".
  • 00:04:09
    What does it mean?
  • 00:04:10
    It's the distanced crossed by the car,
  • 00:04:12
    since seeing the hazard till moving the leg to brakes.
  • 00:04:17
    i,e, if I drive my car on a highway,
  • 00:04:20
    and see a sudden danger,
  • 00:04:22
    and on seeing it, I decided to put my leg on brakes,
  • 00:04:26
    this distance is called "reaction distance".
  • 00:04:29
    During this time of moving legs to the brakes,
  • 00:04:32
    is the car moving? or standing still?
  • 00:04:35
    Of course, it's moving, i,e, it's crossing a distance.
  • 00:04:39
    This distance is the "reaction distance".
  • 00:04:42
    So far, I didn't slow down.
  • 00:04:45
    How much time did you take when you saw the danger?
  • 00:04:48
    until you decided to move your legs to the brakes?
  • 00:04:51
    You'll answer "seconds".
  • 00:04:52
    Ok, the best ideal standard reaction, under best conditions,
  • 00:04:56
    while being completely attentive on driving,
  • 00:04:59
    takes one 1 second.
  • 00:05:02
    Supposedly, you took 1 second to hit the brakes
  • 00:05:06
    Of course, you think 1 second is not long time at all.
  • 00:05:10
    Well, how much distance do you expect you've crossed
  • 00:05:13
    while moving your legs to the brakes, during this second?
  • 00:05:17
    It becomes clearer when we learn to calculate the stopping distance.
  • 00:05:22
    Now, we'll conclude a definition to "reaction distance",
  • 00:05:26
    through what we got from explanation.
  • 00:05:28
    The "reaction distance", as explained,
  • 00:05:31
    is the distance crossed in 1 second.
  • 00:05:34
    Often, people need 1 second to take a reaction.
  • 00:05:38
    In fact, this period differs from one person to another,
  • 00:05:42
    based on various factors.
  • 00:05:44
    There are some factors that impair our ability to restrain
  • 00:05:47
    under unexpected situations.
  • 00:05:49
    Let's see the factors that affect "the reaction distance",
  • 00:05:52
    making it longer.
  • 00:05:54
    When does the reaction "or thinking" take longer time?
  • 00:05:57
    What do you think are the factors that make the reaction take longer time?
  • 00:06:01
    and impair your ability to restrain?
  • 00:06:03
    These factors are distraction while driving,
  • 00:06:06
    being tired while driving,
  • 00:06:08
    When the driver is under effect of medicine or drugs.
  • 00:06:12
    What do we mean by distraction while driving?
  • 00:06:15
    When we drive and at the same time be busy with another activity,
  • 00:06:18
    that distracts us and take out attention away from the road.
  • 00:06:20
    This makes us less able to see the potential hazards on the road;
  • 00:06:26
    and less able to respond to them properly.
  • 00:06:28
    Distractions are of various types
  • 00:06:30
    a mental distraction, when an idea crosses your mind,
  • 00:06:33
    taking you to another world and distracts you from focusing on road hazards.
  • 00:06:37
    For example, many of us forget or don't notice an exit,
  • 00:06:41
    because we were thinking of something else so we lost focus.
  • 00:06:44
    There's a sight distraction, when the driver looks at something other than the road.
  • 00:06:48
    Like getting busy with the mobile phone,
  • 00:06:50
    other road users, or any person or external incidents.
  • 00:06:55
    The quick look at anything other than the road,
  • 00:06:58
    might cost us our lives.
  • 00:07:00
    There's also manual distraction
  • 00:07:03
    The right holding of the steering wheel is made by both hands
  • 00:07:07
    Some drivers get their hands away from the steering wheel,
  • 00:07:10
    to hold something else.
  • 00:07:11
    Such as, food or drinks, while driving.
  • 00:07:14
    or to adjust the sound or the air conditioner.
  • 00:07:17
    Driving while tired.
  • 00:07:19
    Driving while tired makes you take longer time to take reaction.
  • 00:07:24
    And impairs your ability to take a quick decision.
  • 00:07:26
    Tiresome, fatigue, and drowsiness
  • 00:07:29
    make you lose focus while driving.
  • 00:07:31
    If you notice one of these cases on traveling,
  • 00:07:35
    you must stop and take a break for almost 15 minutes every 2 hours.
  • 00:07:41
    or if you have a companion,
  • 00:07:44
    he might drive instead of you.
  • 00:07:46
    Now, we'll talk about the third factor:
  • 00:07:49
    which is driving under the effect of drugs,
  • 00:07:53
    as well as some medicine causing drowsiness,
  • 00:07:56
    or resulting in taking longer time for reaction,
  • 00:08:00
    and reducing focus,
  • 00:08:01
    or impairing our ability to judge speed, distance, and time too
  • 00:08:07
    and that impairing our ability to take the right decisions.
  • 00:08:10
    That's why we have to read the medicine instructions carefully,
  • 00:08:13
    to make sure that they don't influence us while driving.
  • 00:08:16
    Alcohol, May Allah keep us away from its evils.
  • 00:08:19
    It gives a fake feeling of safety.
  • 00:08:21
    It reduces focus, and makes the person misjudge the speed and distance.
  • 00:08:26
    It increases fatigue and tiresome.
  • 00:08:28
    It also reduces our ability to take the right decisions.
  • 00:08:32
    We talked about the factors increasing the reaction distance.
  • 00:08:36
    What are the factors that decrease the reaction distance?
  • 00:08:39
    i,e, what are the factors that make the reaction be taken in 1 second or less?
  • 00:08:47
    making the distance we cross short?
  • 00:08:49
    A faster reaction and shorter distance?
  • 00:08:52
    Putting your foot on the brakes without hitting it.
  • 00:08:55
    How is that? when I am a protective driver,
  • 00:08:58
    I expect a reaction from the surroundings.
  • 00:09:00
    For example, I expect that the car ahead of me,
  • 00:09:03
    will hit the brakes.
  • 00:09:05
    Why? because there's an obstacle in front of it.
  • 00:09:08
    As such, I'll be ready.
  • 00:09:10
    And keeping my feet away from the accelerator pedal,
  • 00:09:13
    making it ready to hit the brakes.
  • 00:09:17
    If the driver in front of me hits the brakes,
  • 00:09:19
    I too will hit them.
  • 00:09:21
    Another example, if you notice a traffic jam, from a far distance,
  • 00:09:26
    as if there's an obstacle,
  • 00:09:28
    but you're not certain
  • 00:09:30
    be ready and keep your feet on the brakes.
  • 00:09:33
    Hit the brakes when you really need to,
  • 00:09:37
    and when you're sure of what's ahead of you.
  • 00:09:39
    The second factor
  • 00:09:40
    Making sure that you're healthy fit
  • 00:09:43
    What do we mean by "healthy fit"?
  • 00:09:45
    This means you've to be mentally and emotionally healthy.
  • 00:09:48
    And have the ability to focus while driving.
  • 00:09:52
    We have to clarify here that emotions might cause over happiness or sadness,
  • 00:09:58
    Both of which affect focus while driving.
  • 00:10:02
    The Braking Distance
  • 00:10:03
    Emergency Braking
  • 00:10:05
    It's braking as hard as possible.
  • 00:10:07
    Let's get to know the braking types.
  • 00:10:09
    There's a braking type, done by slowing down,
  • 00:10:12
    without stopping
  • 00:10:14
    Another type of braking is slowing down till stopping
  • 00:10:18
    As such, the braking distance becomes long.
  • 00:10:21
    Because the time is gradual.
  • 00:10:23
    There's a kind of braking, called Emergency Braking.
  • 00:10:26
    You'll get to know it by practical field training
  • 00:10:29
    Emergency braking is made by hitting the brakes with all your strength.
  • 00:10:34
    If we measure the weight you put on the brakes,
  • 00:10:38
    it will be from 60 to 80 kg.
  • 00:10:41
    This is what we call hard braking or Emergency Braking.
  • 00:10:46
    Its aim is to stop in a shorter distance before reaching the hazard in front of me.
  • 00:10:52
    A shorter distance means crossing a distance while hitting the brakes,
  • 00:10:57
    Is that right?
  • 00:10:59
    Or once hitting the brakes, the car completely stops?
  • 00:11:03
    If this is right, the world would be accidents free.
  • 00:11:07
    We'll repeat saying:when we cross a distance while hitting the brakes,
  • 00:11:13
    this distance is called braking distance.
  • 00:11:16
    What do we mean by "braking distance"?
  • 00:11:18
    It's the distance crossed by the car,
  • 00:11:21
    once the driver hits the brakes,
  • 00:11:24
    and till the car completely stops.
  • 00:11:27
    There are some factors that increase the braking distance,
  • 00:11:29
    We previously learned about the "reaction distance",
  • 00:11:33
    and the factors that increase the "reaction distance".
  • 00:11:35
    Now, we'll learn the factors increasing the braking distance.
  • 00:11:40
    When is the braking distance longer?
  • 00:11:42
    What are the factors that increase the braking distance?
  • 00:11:45
    There are 4 factors.
  • 00:11:47
    First, the car's speed.
  • 00:11:48
    The car's speed has a quadratic increase on the braking distance
  • 00:11:53
    i,e the braking distance is directly proportional to the car's speed.
  • 00:11:58
    Second, the circumstances leading to lack of friction between the tires and road.
  • 00:12:03
    Like if the road is wet.
  • 00:12:05
    As the wet surface decreases friction between tires and the road.
  • 00:12:09
    The sandy road might affect the brakes.
  • 00:12:13
    Bad tires might decrease friction with the road and increase the braking distance
  • 00:12:19
    Whether the tires are of high or low pressure,
  • 00:12:23
    in all cases, it will be bad as for braking and stopping distance
  • 00:12:27
    Third, the brakes' efficiency.
  • 00:12:29
    We must regularly check the brakes,
  • 00:12:33
    and ensure that they're always in good condition
  • 00:12:35
    Fourth, overweight equals extra power.
  • 00:12:38
    This means, the car carrying heavy load,
  • 00:12:42
    might cross longer braking distance.
  • 00:12:44
    A larger mass means more strength.
  • 00:12:47
    Now, we learned the components of the stopping distance.
  • 00:12:50
    which are: the reaction distance,
  • 00:12:53
    the braking distance,
  • 00:12:55
    and the factors affecting it.
  • 00:12:57
    Now, we can calculate the stopping distance.
  • 00:13:01
    Knowing how to calculate the stopping distance,
  • 00:13:03
    is a useful tool that helps us understand the speed's great effect
  • 00:13:08
    on the driver's ability to stop the car on time.
  • 00:13:11
    and on avoiding obstacles and risks
  • 00:13:13
    that the driver might face on the road safely.
  • 00:13:17
    How to calculate the stopping distance?
  • 00:13:19
    The stopping distance is equal to
  • 00:13:21
    the reaction distance plus the braking distance
  • 00:13:25
    Whereas the reaction distance equals speed/10x3
  • 00:13:30
    Supposedly, the time taken for a reaction,
  • 00:13:34
    is 1 second
  • 00:13:35
    at best, i,e the car's and driver's condition is perfect.
  • 00:13:40
    The braking distance equals (speed/10)x (speed/10).
  • 00:13:46
    As such a hard braking on a dry surface.
  • 00:13:50
    By calculating distances, we'll discover that
  • 00:13:53
    the higher the speed is, the longer the reaction (thinking) distance becomes.
  • 00:13:57
    As well as the braking distance.
  • 00:13:59
    We must not forget that we need to minimize the stopping distance,
  • 00:14:03
    to avoid risks on the road.
  • 00:14:06
    Because it's not logic if the hazard is 2 meters away
  • 00:14:09
    and we stop after passing 3 meters.
  • 00:14:12
    This means the accident will definitely happen.
  • 00:14:16
    How can we minimize the stopping distance?
  • 00:14:18
    It's highly important, dear,
  • 00:14:20
    to know your big role,
  • 00:14:22
    that you'll play affecting the traffic, and road safety;
  • 00:14:26
    through constant choice, awareness of slowing down,
  • 00:14:30
    focusing attentively while driving on the road,
  • 00:14:33
    learning the mechanism of putting your feet on brakes,
  • 00:14:36
    without hitting them,
  • 00:14:38
    in order to decrease the time of taking a reaction.
  • 00:14:41
    Accordingly, minimizing the total distance crossed by the car to completely stop.
Etiquetas
  • السرعة
  • مسافة التوقف
  • السائقين
  • السيطرة على السيارة
  • الأمان المروري
  • المشاة
  • التشتت
  • التحكم بالسرعة
  • رد الفعل
  • الكبح