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Structural Engineering is core branch of
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civil engineering in which Structural
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Engineers are trained understand
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evaluate and calculate the stability
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strength and rigidity of built
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structures for buildings and non-b
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building structures in order to make
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structure impregnable it is the
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responsibility of the structural
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engineer to develop designs and
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integrate their design with that of
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other designers and to supervise
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construction of projects on site they
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can also be involved in the design of
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Machinery medical equipment and vehicles
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where structural Integrity affects
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functioning and safety
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the recorded history of Structural
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Engineering starts with the ancient
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Egyptians in the 27th century BC emep
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was the first structural engineer known
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by name and constructed the first known
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step Pyramid in Egypt in the 26th
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Century BC the Great Pyramid of Giza was
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constructed in Egypt it remained the
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largest man-made structure for Millennia
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and was considered an unsurpassed feat
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and architecture until the 19th century
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throughout ancient and medieval history
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there is no such record exists of the
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first calculations of the strength of
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structural members or the behavior of
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structural material most of the
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architectural design and construction
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was carried out by Artisans such as
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stone masons and Carpenters rising to
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the role of master
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builder Structural Engineers are
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responsible for engineering design and
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Analysis entry level Structural
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Engineers May design the individual
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elements of a structure and that is the
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beams columns and floors of a building
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more experienced Engineers may be
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responsible for the structural design
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and integrity of an entire system such
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as a building Structural Engineers often
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specialize in particular Fields such as
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Bridge Engineering Building engineering
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pipeline engineering industrial
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structures or special mechanical
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structures such as Vehicles ships or
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aircraft most struct Al engineering jobs
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require at least a bachelor's degree in
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engineering many employers particularly
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those that offer engineering Consulting
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Services also require certification as a
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professional engineer a master's degree
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is often required for promotion to
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management and ongoing Education and
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Training are needed to keep up with
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advances in technology materials and
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computer hardware and software and
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government
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regulations the the role of the
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structural engineer is a key component
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in the construction process Structural
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Engineers will need to possess excellent
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numeracy and analytical skills he should
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familiar with computers and software
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programs he must have ability to work
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well as part of a team also use own
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initiative and to pay close attention to
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detail he should have ability to explain
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complex conceptual information in simple
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terms and ability to work to tight
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deadlines and remain calm Under Pressure
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he must have ability to stick to tight
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budgets and willingness to take
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responsibility for major
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decisions most Structural Engineers use
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3D integrated structural analysis and
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design software in their daily work this
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software make modeling geometries of
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structures and analyzing loads much more
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efficient therefore decreasing the time
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and effort needed for finite element
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analysis this are the three most used
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structural design and analysis software
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sap 2000 sap 2000 is used in more than
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160 countries worldwide from
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Transportation facilities to Public
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Works it is widely used due to its
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Effectiveness and 3D object based
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modeling features the new sap 2000
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version 18 can now generate stability
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checks for nonlinear load cases as well
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as exporting its models into Revit
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structure stat Pro stat Pro is used for
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both linear static and nonlinear
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analysis stad Pro is adept to analyzing
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time dependent effects such as GP
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shrinkage and cracking of concrete stad
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Pro developed successfully by the
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software company Bentley Bentley has
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also boasted that their programs can
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design structures using over 80
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International codes and can generate
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structural design documents
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automatically Risa 3D Risa 3D is another
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3D analysis and design software for
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General structures such as buildings
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crane rails Arena
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industrial structures Bridges etc for
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specific use Rea 3D can be integrated
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with other Rea products such as Rea
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floor Risa connection and Rea
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Foundation Structural Engineers have
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wide range of responsibilities not least
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a duty to ensure the safety and
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durability of the project on which they
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are working the important consideration
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of any structure is to its integrity and
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the ability of a structure to withstand
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its intended loading without failing due
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to fracture deformation or fatigue
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construct the elements with structural
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Integrity to prevent catastrophic
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failure or else it can result in
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injuries severe damage death and
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monetary losses Structural Engineers on
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a regular basis will perform the
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following tasks performing accurate
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calculations of pressures and stresses
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placed on each element of a building
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analyzing blueprints Maps reports and
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topographical and GE logical data using
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computer software to design models of
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structures deciding which materials
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would be most suitable for each part of
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the structure assessing the budget of
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each project estimating the cost and
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quantities of materials equipment and
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labor performing thorough examinations
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of pre-existing buildings recommending
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complete or partial rebuilding or
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repairs meeting regularly with
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Architects and Engineers involved in
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each project inspecting project sites to
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monitor progress and Ensure the project
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is being constructed according to design
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specifications the major employers of
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Structural Engineers include local
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authorities oil companies Railway
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operators civil engineering contractors
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public utility companies the Civil
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Service according to the report based on
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the responses of payscale salary survey
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median pay for entrylevel Structural
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Engineers is around 6 $50,000 per year
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cash earnings of entry level Structural
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Engineers can occasionally include
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$6,000 each in bonuses and profit
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sharing proceeds this strong performance
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component causes pay grades to stretch
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from approximately
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$49,000 to almost
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$76,000 the US Bureau of Labor
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Statistics states that employment of
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civil engineers is projected to grow 8%
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from 2014 to 2020 24 about as fast as
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the average for all occupations having
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good grades from a highly rated
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institution should give a job seeker and
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advantage over the competition as
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infrastructure continues to age civil
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engineers will be needed to manage
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projects to rebuild Bridges repair roads
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and upgrade levies and dams as well as
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airports and building structures of all
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types
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