SATAN'S GUIDE TO THE BIBLE

01:25:50
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8j3HvmgpYc

Summary

TLDRIn a Sunday school setting, children anticipate their teacher while singing hymns, but instead, Satan appears as a substitute teacher. He claims to reveal hidden Bible secrets, challenging traditional evangelical interpretations. The video explores themes of faith, contradictions, and the Bible's historical and moral credibility. Critical scholars discuss historical evidence and authorship issues about Biblical narratives. The video goes on to question foundational religious teachings, including misconceptions regarding Jesus' prophecies, the Exodus, and morality as depicted in Biblical texts. Ultimately, the children and Satan's narration highlight conflicts between faith, scripture, and scholarly critique.

Takeaways

  • 🎼 The video opens with children singing 'This Little Light of Mine', symbolizing faith and innocence.
  • 😈 Satan appears as a substitute Sunday school teacher, introducing a twist to the traditional setting.
  • 📜 Biblical narratives are examined for historical accuracy, revealing potential discrepancies in stories like the Exodus.
  • 🧠 Scholars present critical perspectives, questioning the historical and moral integrity of Biblical texts.
  • ❤️ Emphasis is placed on understanding morality beyond strict religious texts, focusing on empathy and the Golden Rule.
  • ⛪ The depiction of Jesus as a fallible figure challenges traditional evangelical beliefs.
  • 📚 The notion of 'Bible secrets' suggests withholding scholarly findings from religious communities.
  • ⏳ First-century apocalyptic expectations are revealed, suggesting early Christian beliefs in an imminent end of times.
  • ❓ Characters wrestle with complex questions about faith, Scripture, and moral standards.
  • 🧩 The scene concludes with reflective skepticism about Biblical inerrancy and its impact on personal faith.

Timeline

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    A Sunday school class is awaiting their teacher, singing a song about letting their light shine. Suddenly, Satan arrives as their substitute teacher, announcing his intention to reveal hidden Bible secrets. The children are skeptical and defensive, referencing the Bible's depiction of Satan as a deceiver.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    Satan explains his interpretation of the Bible, specifically the New Testament's portrayal of him. The conversation shifts to a discussion about undisclosed Bible secrets known to pastors but not shared with congregations. Satan claims biblical scholars are better sources of these secrets.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    The children express curiosity about these secrets, leading Satan to introduce biblical scholars ready to reveal what pastors learn in seminary. However, these revelations are suggested to be potentially controversial, posing risks for those who share them.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    The biblical scholars describe how pastors often maintain silence about their seminary teachings, fearing repercussions such as loss of their congregation or personal security if they disclose challenging biblical truths.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:25:00

    The narrative discusses the Exodus story, a foundational event in biblical history. Scholars reveal there's no archaeological evidence for a large-scale exodus from Egypt, challenging traditional biblical narratives.

  • 00:25:00 - 00:30:00

    The discussion reveals that archaeological evidence suggests Israelites were originally Canaanites, contradicting the biblical story of the Israelites' liberation from Egypt. This revelation challenges the historicity of biblical events and suggests an invented origin story.

  • 00:30:00 - 00:35:00

    Jesus interjects to assert the inerrancy of the Bible, despite archaeological contradictions. A theological debate arises over biblical inerrancy and its significance to Christian faith, with evangelical scholars upholding the Bible's perfection.

  • 00:35:00 - 00:40:00

    The scholars debate the complexity of biblical inerrancy, acknowledging diverse interpretations and the challenges in maintaining the Bible's perceived flawlessness. Despite disputes, inerrancy remains crucial to many theologians and pastors.

  • 00:40:00 - 00:45:00

    Attention turns to Bible-related morals and ethics, discussing the problematic depictions of violence, such as baby smashing in the Psalms. Scholars encourage engagement with these difficult topics to gain a deeper understanding of biblical contexts.

  • 00:45:00 - 00:50:00

    The biblical account of the Canaanite genocide led by Joshua is scrutinized. Scholars argue the moral implications of such narratives, while some justify them as divine acts. These stories are linked to historical atrocities justified by biblical precedent.

  • 00:50:00 - 00:55:00

    The conversation explores how biblical principles have historically justified violence. Scholars argue the principle remains problematic regardless of the literal truth of these narratives, advocating for nuanced understanding of biblical texts.

  • 00:55:00 - 01:00:00

    The dialogue shifts to the authorship of biblical texts, questioning traditional attributions. Scholars argue forgeries and posthumous writings contribute to the Bible's composition, challenging assumptions of apostolic authorship.

  • 01:00:00 - 01:05:00

    Satan discusses Bart Ehrman, a biblical scholar challenging traditional biblical narratives. Ehrman's revelations about scriptural inconsistencies are taught in seminaries, raising questions about educational transparency within churches.

  • 01:05:00 - 01:10:00

    The text argues that significant biblical figures, like Daniel and Paul, may have not written parts of the Bible attributed to them. This raises concerns about historical accuracy and authenticity, as modern scholarship uncovers more textual inconsistencies.

  • 01:10:00 - 01:15:00

    A theological critique arises over apocalyptic prophecies, particularly those proclaimed by Jesus. These prophecies did not come to pass, aligning with the criticisms against other apocalyptic predictions from biblical history.

  • 01:15:00 - 01:20:00

    The narrative reveals that early Christianity, including key figures like Jesus and Paul, was steeped in apocalyptic expectations. These beliefs underpinned an expectation of imminent eschatological events, contributing to a portrayal of Jesus as errant.

  • 01:20:00 - 01:25:50

    As the conclusions unfold, the transparent sharing of biblical secrets by Satan challenges the students’ faith, leaving them questioning the morality and historicity established by traditional teachings. The narrative ends with reflections on morals a society should adopt without relying on religious texts.

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Mind Map

Video Q&A

  • What is the main theme of the video?

    The video explores themes of faith, Biblical accuracy, and the contrasting interpretations between traditional evangelical teachings and more critical scholarly perspectives.

  • Who unexpectedly becomes the Sunday school teacher in the video?

    Satan unexpectedly appears as the substitute Sunday school teacher.

  • What key issues does the video present regarding the Bible?

    The video presents issues about historical inaccuracies, moral challenges, and authorship questions of Biblical stories.

  • How do the children react to the substitute teacher?

    The children are shocked and confused by Satan appearing as their substitute teacher.

  • What subjects does Satan claim to reveal as Bible secrets?

    Satan claims to reveal secrets about history, morals, authorship, and even the teachings of Jesus.

  • What is the significance of the song 'This Little Light of Mine' in the video?

    The song symbolizes innocence and faith, juxtaposed against the unsettling revelations and discussions about the Bible's integrity.

  • Does the video present any scholars, and what do they discuss?

    Yes, the video presents biblical scholars discussing the historical accuracy and moral interpretations of the Bible.

  • How do the scholars in the video view Biblical morality and history?

    They view Biblical morality and history critically, questioning its accuracy and moral implications.

  • What is revealed about the Biblical story of Exodus in the video?

    The video suggests there is no archaeological evidence to support a large-scale Exodus from Egypt.

  • Is the portrayal of Jesus in the video consistent with traditional teachings?

    No, the video suggests Jesus might have been wrong about apocalyptic predictions, challenging traditional beliefs about His infallibility.

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  • 00:00:01
    [ bird chirps ]
  • 00:00:05
    [ song ♪♪ “This Little Light of Mine” ]
  • 00:00:16
    ♪♪ This little light of mine
  • 00:00:20
    ♪♪ I’m gonna let it shine
  • 00:00:23
    ♪♪ This little light of mine
  • 00:00:26
    ♪♪ I'm gonna...
  • 00:00:28
    Lord willing, my faith will be made stronger this morning.
  • 00:00:31
    I love Sunday school.
  • 00:00:33
    I love singing in Sunday School.
  • 00:00:35
    I hope we get to sing my favorite song.
  • 00:00:37
    ♪♪ Every day...
  • 00:00:38
    Where’s the teacher?
  • 00:00:41
    The teacher is late.
  • 00:00:43
    I sure hope nothing’s wrong.
  • 00:00:45
    ♪♪ ...shine...
  • 00:00:49
    Do you think something bad happened?
  • 00:00:51
    For reals?
  • 00:00:52
    Let’s all pray for the teacher.
  • 00:00:57
    [ lightning crash ]
  • 00:01:01
    Woah.
  • 00:01:02
    For reals?
  • 00:01:03
    It can’t be.
  • 00:01:03
    Oh my gosh!
  • 00:01:04
    Is that?
  • 00:01:06
    Your teacher.
  • 00:01:07
    Your substitute Sunday school teacher.
  • 00:01:10
    [ song ♪♪ “This Little Light of Mine” ]
  • 00:01:14
    ♪♪ I'm gonna let it shine.
  • 00:01:17
    ♪♪ This little light of mine
  • 00:01:20
    ♪♪ I'm gonna let it shine.
  • 00:01:24
    ♪♪ This little light of mine.
  • 00:01:27
    ♪♪ I'm gonna let it shine.
  • 00:01:30
    ♪♪ Every day
  • 00:01:32
    ♪♪ Every day
  • 00:01:33
    ♪♪ Every day
  • 00:01:34
    ♪♪ Every way
  • 00:01:36
    Sing it with me!
  • 00:01:37
    [singing stops abruptly]
  • 00:01:37
    [singing stops abruptly] ♪♪ Satan: My little light shine.
  • 00:01:39
    You can’t be here.
  • 00:01:40
    This is God’s house.
  • 00:01:42
    You’re evil
  • 00:01:43
    Literal evil.
  • 00:01:44
    Students, the New Testament writers really messed me up.
  • 00:01:47
    Messed you up?
  • 00:01:48
    [ exhales ]
  • 00:01:49
    The New Testament...
  • 00:01:50
    ... a Christian ammendment added to the Bible.
  • 00:01:54
    They mixed me up with the Devil.
  • 00:01:57
    I fail to see a resemblance.
  • 00:02:01
    The original Jewish part, the Old Testament
  • 00:02:05
    the vast majority of the Bible
  • 00:02:07
    bears witness
  • 00:02:09
    to the real me.
  • 00:02:13
    The real you?
  • 00:02:15
    Who do you say you are?
  • 00:02:16
    I'm the adversary.
  • 00:02:19
    Satan literally means adversary.
  • 00:02:21
    I'm the opponent in this match.
  • 00:02:24
    You're going to fight the Bible?
  • 00:02:26
    Evil!
  • 00:02:26
    No fighting.
  • 00:02:28
    I'm here to reveal, peacefully, hidden Bible secrets.
  • 00:02:32
    Bible secrets?
  • 00:02:33
    None of will us believe your secrets!
  • 00:02:35
    The Bible says you're the father of lies.
  • 00:02:37
    You lie!
  • 00:02:38
    Again, that's him, not me.
  • 00:02:41
    I rebuke you Satan!
  • 00:02:43
    Thanks, Jen. Noted.
  • 00:02:45
    There are of course, other witnesses to these Bible secrets.
  • 00:02:49
    One of the witnesses, everyone here trusts.
  • 00:02:54
    Who?
  • 00:02:55
    Your pastor.
  • 00:02:55
    Pastor Mark knows these secrets too?
  • 00:02:58
    He does. Like lots of pastors,
  • 00:03:01
    he learned a bunch of Bible secrets at Seminary.
  • 00:03:04
    And he won’t share them with us?
  • 00:03:06
    He's keeping secrets.
  • 00:03:08
    That’s not fair!
  • 00:03:11
    Are there any pastors that went to seminary that will
  • 00:03:14
    share the Bible secrets?
  • 00:03:16
    There are. But they're not called pastors.
  • 00:03:18
    They're called biblical scholars.
  • 00:03:22
    Where can we find them? Where can we find them?
  • 00:03:24
    Surprise! I brought them with me.
  • 00:03:26
    The best and most famous biblical scholars are standing by live
  • 00:03:31
    to answer your questions
  • 00:03:33
    They'll tell us what Pastor Mark learned in seminary?
  • 00:03:35
    They will! The biblical scholars will tell you the Bible secrets.
  • 00:03:39
    Oh wow.
  • 00:03:40
    I like secrets.
  • 00:03:41
    Me too! But heed this warning.
  • 00:03:45
    What about?
  • 00:03:46
    When it’s revealed I shared the Bible secrets...
  • 00:03:50
    Oh boy, Mommy and Daddy are going to be super pissed.
  • 00:03:54
    Uh oh.
  • 00:03:55
    Am I getting grounded?
  • 00:04:00
    This is where all the Bible secrets are kept.
  • 00:04:04
    On a bus?!
  • 00:04:07
    A seminary is a religious college.
  • 00:04:09
    Christians go there to become a pastor, a leader of a church.
  • 00:04:13
    I want to be a doctor.
  • 00:04:14
    Future doctors go to med school.
  • 00:04:16
    Future pastors go to seminary.
  • 00:04:19
    Now watch this...
  • 00:04:21
    Biblical scholars reveal:
  • 00:04:23
    What pastors learn at seminary, stays at seminary.
  • 00:04:28
    Pastors, that were trained in biblical studies...
  • 00:04:32
    ...they went to seminary...
  • 00:04:33
    ...they've been working on the sources, and doing history....
  • 00:04:37
    And then they come to the reality
  • 00:04:38
    that they have to actually preach to their congregations
  • 00:04:42
    and they cannot always say what they've learned.
  • 00:04:45
    Why not? These are Christian colleges.
  • 00:04:48
    How can you take all this stuff you study...
  • 00:04:49
    ...and translate it to the ordinary person?
  • 00:04:52
    They could just blurt it out?
  • 00:04:56
    Pastors have to discern on a daily basis
  • 00:04:59
    How do I take these questions, and this study
  • 00:05:02
    That they feel like their congregations aren’t ready for.
  • 00:05:05
    I'm ready.
  • 00:05:06
    It should be the role of the pastor
  • 00:05:09
    to convey what is actually in the Bible
  • 00:05:14
    and what is not.
  • 00:05:16
    This is where people depend on their pastors.
  • 00:05:20
    and where the pastors are falling down on the job.
  • 00:05:23
    I still don't get why they don't tell the truth?
  • 00:05:26
    Yes, why can't pastors just tell us the truth?
  • 00:05:29
    Dr. Ehrman?
  • 00:05:31
    It’s for a pretty obvious reason that they don’t tell
  • 00:05:32
    their parishioners these things.
  • 00:05:34
    Because these things would be challenging to faith
  • 00:05:36
    and they’re afraid that they’ll lose members
  • 00:05:38
    or that their church will rise up against them.
  • 00:05:41
    If they really told them what’s in the Bible,
  • 00:05:45
    or what we found out about the Bible,
  • 00:05:48
    their members would be lost.
  • 00:05:50
    Ministers don’t want to lose their jobs.
  • 00:05:52
    Pastors can lose their jobs?
  • 00:05:54
    And their family's health insurance.
  • 00:05:56
    Many Pastors simply are silent about the things
  • 00:05:59
    that they learned in Seminary.
  • 00:06:01
    I've been blessed...
  • 00:06:03
    ...with permanent employment. I can spill the Bible secrets.
  • 00:06:07
    What kind of secrets?
  • 00:06:09
    Secrets about history.
  • 00:06:11
    Secrets about moral issues, authorship secrets,
  • 00:06:14
    oh, and my biggest secrets of all are secrets about Jesus.
  • 00:06:19
    Big secrets about Jesus?
  • 00:06:21
    Secrets everyone at seminary knows and we don’t?
  • 00:06:24
    That is totally not fair.
  • 00:06:25
    There are no secrets in our house.
  • 00:06:28
    Well then let's begin.
  • 00:06:29
    I've got big seminary secrets about Bible history.
  • 00:06:34
    Our God acts in history.
  • 00:06:36
    The Bible does make that claim
  • 00:06:38
    and God's biggest act in history
  • 00:06:41
    in the Old Testament
  • 00:06:43
    that’s the Exodus.
  • 00:06:45
    Freedom!
  • 00:06:45
    Liberation!
  • 00:06:47
    The Bible say Israelites lived in Egypt for more than 400 years.
  • 00:06:51
    slaves to the empire
  • 00:06:53
    The Bible tells about a great man
  • 00:06:56
    Moses!
  • 00:06:56
    That’s Moses!
  • 00:06:57
    Moses takes on Pharaoh, and his empire.
  • 00:07:01
    ♪♪ When Israel was in Egypt’s land
  • 00:07:05
    ♪♪ Let my people go
  • 00:07:08
    ♪♪ Oppressed so hard they could not stand
  • 00:07:12
    ♪♪ Let my people go
  • 00:07:15
    The Egyptian pharaoh did not let go
  • 00:07:19
    of Moses or his people
  • 00:07:20
    more than two million Israelites
  • 00:07:22
    You guys are never leaving Egypt, OK?
  • 00:07:25
    Like never. Never ever ever.
  • 00:07:27
    So God intervened, attacking Egypt with ten truly awful plagues.
  • 00:07:32
    The last plague? Killing all firstborn children.
  • 00:07:37
    Ouch.
  • 00:07:38
    Listen to what the Bible says:
  • 00:07:40
    And it came to pass that at midnight,
  • 00:07:42
    the Lord smote all the firstborn in the land of Eypt.
  • 00:07:47
    [ lightning crash ]
  • 00:07:49
    Just keep praying.
  • 00:07:52
    God’s smoting gives the Israelites their chance to finally escape Egypt.
  • 00:07:56
    Rise up, get thee gone, for now.
  • 00:07:59
    We out!
  • 00:08:00
    But it wasn’t long before Pharaoh sent his army to take back the Israelites.
  • 00:08:05
    Dumb decision
  • 00:08:06
    On the banks of the Red Sea, the Israelites quest for freedom
  • 00:08:11
    has reached a dead end
  • 00:08:13
    ♪♪ As Israel stood by the water side
  • 00:08:17
    Moses parts the waters!
  • 00:08:19
    and more than two million Israelites
  • 00:08:21
    escape Egyptian bondage.
  • 00:08:24
    Freedom!
  • 00:08:25
    Freedom!
  • 00:08:26
    ♪♪ Let my people go!
  • 00:08:28
    And now a reading... from Dr. Hendel.
  • 00:08:31
    As a story of deliverance from oppression, the birth of freedom
  • 00:08:35
    the Exodus story has served as a paradigm
  • 00:08:37
    for over 2 1/2 millennia.
  • 00:08:39
    Paradigm
  • 00:08:40
    liberation
  • 00:08:41
    and freedom!
  • 00:08:42
    God acting in history.
  • 00:08:44
    So the Bible says
  • 00:08:46
    But what do biblical scholars say?
  • 00:08:49
    There’s no archaeological evidence that would support an idea
  • 00:08:55
    of a historical, large-scale exodus from Egypt.
  • 00:09:02
    The exodus from Egypt never happened?
  • 00:09:04
    He's a Berkeley professor, Michele.
  • 00:09:06
    They're all liars there.
  • 00:09:07
    There's no archaeology evidence for the Exodus?
  • 00:09:11
    out of Egypt, they did not come.
  • 00:09:15
    But the Bible says the Israelites lived in Egypt for 430 years.
  • 00:09:19
    The Bible does say that.
  • 00:09:21
    Archaeology tells a different story.
  • 00:09:25
    In early Israelite settlements,
  • 00:09:27
    there is no Egyptian influence
  • 00:09:30
    on the pottery forms, on the architecture
  • 00:09:33
    on the material culture, the daily lives, etcetera.
  • 00:09:36
    No influence?
  • 00:09:37
    Nope. Nada.
  • 00:09:38
    Wowzers.
  • 00:09:39
    Israelites never lived in Egypt?
  • 00:09:41
    And if they never lived in Egypt.
  • 00:09:44
    If no out of Egypt, where the Israelites really from?
  • 00:09:47
    The secret of Israelite origins
  • 00:09:49
    well, the answer to that secret is gonna cause some big problems for the Bible.
  • 00:09:56
    Oh!
  • 00:09:56
    For the love of me, I have to interrupt Satan here.
  • 00:09:59
    Is that Jesus?
  • 00:10:00
    Jesus golfs?
  • 00:10:01
    Children, if you’re taking notes this morning
  • 00:10:03
    I want you to write down a word. Will you do that for God?
  • 00:10:06
    What word?
  • 00:10:07
    We praise you!
  • 00:10:08
    Anything for you, Jesus.
  • 00:10:11
    Inerrant?
  • 00:10:12
    Inerrant!
  • 00:10:13
    It means ‘without error’.
  • 00:10:15
    Later, Satan.
  • 00:10:17
    All the history told in my book is without error.
  • 00:10:20
    Then Israelites are really from Egypt?
  • 00:10:23
    For reals?
  • 00:10:24
    The most reals there is!
  • 00:10:25
    The Bible says they lived in Egypt for 430 years.
  • 00:10:28
    Four centuries?
  • 00:10:29
    ten generations of Israelites living and dying in the empire of Egypt
  • 00:10:33
    and yet archaeologists found no Egyptian influence
  • 00:10:37
    on early Israelite settlements.
  • 00:10:39
    Satan thinks there should be pyramids in Jerusalem.
  • 00:10:43
    Inerrant.
  • 00:10:45
    What about Satan’s biblical scholars?
  • 00:10:47
    So Satan’s got biblical scholars.
  • 00:10:49
    God’s got himself some scholars too!
  • 00:10:51
    Evangelical biblical scholars.
  • 00:10:54
    They’re the freshest, coolest, hippest biblical scholars.
  • 00:10:57
    Come on now!
  • 00:10:58
    Every year God’s scholars have a big ol’ get together
  • 00:11:01
    where they state the fact:
  • 00:11:02
    My book’s perfect!
  • 00:11:05
    [ ♪♪ song The B-I-B-L-E ♪♪ ]
  • 00:11:08
    ♪♪ yes that’s the book for me
  • 00:11:10
    ♪♪ I stand alone on the word of God
  • 00:11:13
    ♪♪ The B-I-B-L-E
  • 00:11:15
    It’s a great honor to join you in this forum.
  • 00:11:19
    There cannot be many subjects
  • 00:11:21
    that compete with this one for importance,
  • 00:11:25
    and I suggest we bow together in prayer before our hour begins.
  • 00:11:30
    ♪♪ yes that’s the book for me
  • 00:11:32
    ♪♪ I stand alone on the word of God
  • 00:11:35
    ♪♪ The B-I-B-L-E
  • 00:11:38
    Our first panelist
  • 00:11:39
    Dr. Al Mohler will be presenting his position:
  • 00:11:43
    A classical inerrancy is necessary for Evangelical integrity.
  • 00:11:49
    The centrality of inerrancy has been a core affirmation
  • 00:11:52
    of Evangelical Christianity as a movement,
  • 00:11:54
    as evidenced by consensus documents
  • 00:11:56
    such as the Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy,
  • 00:11:59
    and the fact that the Evangelical Theological Society
  • 00:12:02
    has required an affirmation of the Bible’s inerrancy
  • 00:12:05
    from the society’s inception.
  • 00:12:06
    What a blessing!
  • 00:12:08
    The 1978 Chicago Statement on my perfect book.
  • 00:12:12
    To be a member of the Evangelical Theological Society
  • 00:12:15
    every biblical scholar, annually,
  • 00:12:17
    must affirm the Chicago Statement.
  • 00:12:19
    It really is a thrilling read.
  • 00:12:23
    The important part is number four.
  • 00:12:25
    My book is without error in all of its teachings
  • 00:12:27
    about the events of world history.
  • 00:12:29
    All the history in my book?
  • 00:12:32
    JEN: Inerrant.
  • 00:12:33
    Totally proved perfect.
  • 00:12:35
    Zero historical errors.
  • 00:12:38
    So happy we had this chat, children.
  • 00:12:40
    [ lightning crash ]
  • 00:12:41
    No historical errors he says.
  • 00:12:43
    JEN: Inerrant!
  • 00:12:43
    How ‘bout we continue investigating Israelite origins?
  • 00:12:46
    If not out of Egypt,
  • 00:12:48
    where are the Israelites really from?
  • 00:12:49
    To uncover that seminary secret
  • 00:12:51
    we gotta talk about a well-known bro.
  • 00:12:54
    He one of my bros?
  • 00:12:55
    He’s a bro beloved by Christian bros,
  • 00:12:58
    Jewish bros, even Muslim bros.
  • 00:13:00
    That’s a heck of a bro.
  • 00:13:02
    In the seventeenth chapter of the book of Genesis
  • 00:13:04
    God is bro-ing out with him too.
  • 00:13:07
    That’s Abraham!
  • 00:13:08
    Father Abraham.
  • 00:13:09
    He owns the title, the first Jew.
  • 00:13:12
    Father... Bro...
  • 00:13:14
    Abraham.
  • 00:13:15
    [ ♪♪ song Father Abraham ♪♪ ]
  • 00:13:17
    ♪♪ had many sons
  • 00:13:19
    ♪♪ many sons had Father Abraham
  • 00:13:23
    ♪♪ I am one of them, and so are you
  • 00:13:26
    ♪♪ So let’s just praise the Lord
  • 00:13:29
    ♪♪ Right arm!
  • 00:13:31
    Abraham was God’s bro.
  • 00:13:32
    So, 2000 years before Jesus,
  • 00:13:36
    God... promised... Abraham... land.
  • 00:13:41
    We know what God promised Abraham
  • 00:13:43
    ALL: Land!
  • 00:13:44
    The land of delicious milk.
  • 00:13:45
    Yummy honey.
  • 00:13:46
    And I’ve seen... the Promised Land.
  • 00:13:50
    In Genesis, God says
  • 00:13:52
    For all the land that you see,
  • 00:13:54
    I will give to you and to your offspring
  • 00:13:56
    forever.
  • 00:13:58
    Look, bro, I don't want to seem ungrateful, alright?
  • 00:14:01
    You're insane.
  • 00:14:02
    But aren't you forgetting something kind of major?
  • 00:14:04
    Uhhh, what’s that bro?
  • 00:14:05
    The land ain’t empty.
  • 00:14:07
    And I don't think those people are on vacation neither.
  • 00:14:11
    But this land has already been promised.
  • 00:14:14
    The Promised Land was already promised?
  • 00:14:16
    To who?
  • 00:14:17
    We who!
  • 00:14:18
    That’s who.
  • 00:14:19
    Promised to Canaanite peoples.
  • 00:14:21
    The Canaanites?
  • 00:14:22
    The Canaanites, were the indigenous tribes living in Canaan.
  • 00:14:27
    Looks like a lot of ‘ites’.
  • 00:14:29
    Yeah, etcetera ites.
  • 00:14:31
    These ites never got a promise from me.
  • 00:14:33
    The only one here who got a land promise
  • 00:14:35
    from me is my bro, Abraham.
  • 00:14:37
    It’s my land, I made it,
  • 00:14:38
    and I can give it freely.
  • 00:14:39
    Any chance we could take a vote on that?
  • 00:14:41
    God promised Abraham land,
  • 00:14:44
    but it was the land belonging to the Canaanites.
  • 00:14:47
    Bro or no bro...
  • 00:14:49
    Not cool.
  • 00:14:50
    Yeah, this was definitely his idea.
  • 00:14:52
    100%.
  • 00:14:52
    He's insane.
  • 00:14:53
    Nation will rise against nation.
  • 00:14:55
    ♪♪ So let’s just praise the Lord
  • 00:14:58
    ♪♪ Right arm
  • 00:14:59
    ♪♪ Left arm
  • 00:15:00
    ♪♪ right foot
  • 00:15:01
    ♪♪ left foot
  • 00:15:02
    ♪♪ chin up
  • 00:15:03
    ♪♪ turn around
  • 00:15:04
    ♪♪ sit down!
  • 00:15:05
    ♪♪ sit down!
  • 00:15:05
    [ giggles ]
  • 00:15:07
    It’s my favorite Sunday school jam, too.
  • 00:15:10
    However, the Canaanites have every right to stay in their land.
  • 00:15:13
    Come on, now.
  • 00:15:14
    We’ve been living here for generations.
  • 00:15:15
    Great Grandma Eloise is buried in the back yard!
  • 00:15:18
    Somebody get a box for Eloise.
  • 00:15:20
    The Canaanites are full on evil.
  • 00:15:22
    My Evangelical biblical scholars have already proved this.
  • 00:15:25
    Canaanites were totally crappy.
  • 00:15:27
    The inequity of these Canaanite tribes was so…
  • 00:15:31
    pronounced, they were so vile and so evil.
  • 00:15:35
    Clay Jones has written an article on this.
  • 00:15:38
    In that article I documented that among the Canaanites
  • 00:15:41
    there was incest, adultery,
  • 00:15:43
    offering children to a bull- headed idol named Molech,
  • 00:15:47
    homosexual acts, and that beastiality and that
  • 00:15:49
    all these were rampant.
  • 00:15:50
    All sorts of abominable practices.
  • 00:15:52
    They get to the point
  • 00:15:53
    where they’re actually sacrificing their children.
  • 00:15:55
    So it's not as though they're just people
  • 00:15:56
    who are wearing tattoos or eating shrimp,
  • 00:16:00
    unlike the Israelites.
  • 00:16:02
    The Canaanites are the bad guys, children.
  • 00:16:04
    He that is not with me is against me.
  • 00:16:07
    Verily then...
  • 00:16:08
    [ hammer sounds ]
  • 00:16:12
    ffffff-lock?
  • 00:16:16
    Okay the Canaanites,
  • 00:16:17
    according to Evangelical scholars,
  • 00:16:19
    are so awful they deserve to lose their homes.
  • 00:16:23
    Please locate your nearest exit now.
  • 00:16:26
    God simply wants to steal the Canaanites land.
  • 00:16:29
    Thank God...
  • 00:16:30
    Satan gets it.
  • 00:16:31
    But God's plot to steal the Canaanites’ land
  • 00:16:34
    is about to take, an unexpected turn.
  • 00:16:39
    Think back to the ‘ites’ of Israel.
  • 00:16:41
    If Moses and the Israelites never came from Egypt,
  • 00:16:44
    If not out of Egypt,
  • 00:16:45
    where the Israelites really from?
  • 00:16:47
    Where did they come from?
  • 00:16:48
    For reals.
  • 00:16:49
    So when the archaeologists look at
  • 00:16:51
    the material culture of early Israelite villages,
  • 00:16:55
    they’re continuous with the material culture of Canaanite culture.
  • 00:16:59
    It’s the same culture.
  • 00:17:01
    What?
  • 00:17:02
    Aren't Canaanites the bad guys?
  • 00:17:04
    Hebrew is a Canaanite language.
  • 00:17:07
    In the early writings from the Bible show a clear continuity
  • 00:17:11
    with older Canaanite literature.
  • 00:17:13
    With Canaanite poetic forms, literary forms,
  • 00:17:16
    people’s names, people’s language,
  • 00:17:18
    this is all native Canaanite stuff.
  • 00:17:20
    Early Israelite settlements left archaeologists
  • 00:17:23
    with native Canaanite stuff,
  • 00:17:25
    One of the names of God in the Bible is El.
  • 00:17:29
    And El we know was also the name of the chief god
  • 00:17:32
    of the Canaanite pantheon.
  • 00:17:34
    Evidence that Israelites worshipped the Canaanite god,
  • 00:17:37
    El, is written into the name Israel itself.
  • 00:17:41
    It is?
  • 00:17:42
    Including the name Israel itself,
  • 00:17:45
    which originally meant something like El rules.
  • 00:17:48
    El rules?
  • 00:17:49
    Who rules?
  • 00:17:50
    The Canaanite high god El. El rules.
  • 00:17:53
    Now watch this.
  • 00:17:55
    So the combination of archaeological evidence,
  • 00:17:57
    and textual and linguistic evidence,
  • 00:17:59
    makes it seem pretty obvious
  • 00:18:01
    that the early Israelites were Canaanites.
  • 00:18:04
    Whoa.
  • 00:18:04
    Gosh.
  • 00:18:05
    Can it be?
  • 00:18:06
    The Israelites are another group of ‘ites’ from Canaan.
  • 00:18:10
    You little fibber, you.
  • 00:18:12
    Egypt, my ass.
  • 00:18:13
    Israelites are Canaanites?
  • 00:18:15
    The archaeological conclusion is that these are the same people.
  • 00:18:21
    Israelites cannot be Canaanites.
  • 00:18:23
    That would make a dirty diaper of the entire Bible story.
  • 00:18:26
    Uh, hello??
  • 00:18:28
    Anyone with a brain available?
  • 00:18:29
    Like duh, Israelites can’t be from the Promised Land.
  • 00:18:33
    [ sound of door closing ]
  • 00:18:34
    Because later in my book
  • 00:18:36
    they still gotta enter the Promised Land.
  • 00:18:38
    This guy. I already entered, okay?
  • 00:18:41
    Why lie about escaping Egypt?
  • 00:18:43
    Inventing fantastic origin stories is what everybody did.
  • 00:18:46
    Every schmuck has an origin story.
  • 00:18:48
    That's what I'm trying to say.
  • 00:18:50
    We all got ‘em, okay?
  • 00:18:51
    Israel is right. John Collins explains it.
  • 00:18:54
    The peoples of the ancient Near East engaged
  • 00:18:56
    in what might be called
  • 00:18:58
    ‘competitive historiography’
  • 00:19:01
    To show how their national heroes outshone
  • 00:19:03
    the heroes of other peoples,
  • 00:19:05
    or were the true and most ancient founders of culture.
  • 00:19:09
    You're saying
  • 00:19:10
    You’re saying all this Bible history was just
  • 00:19:11
    made up to impress the neighbors?
  • 00:19:13
    Is that really all it is?
  • 00:19:15
    There's no need to minimize the power of story.
  • 00:19:19
    The original function of the story was to initiate people
  • 00:19:23
    into an identity of being Israelite.
  • 00:19:26
    The Bible calls the first Israelites ‘a mixed multitude’.
  • 00:19:30
    From a mixed-multitude of Canaanites,
  • 00:19:33
    into a unified, connected group of Israelites,
  • 00:19:36
    who were in the process of crystalizing
  • 00:19:39
    into the people of Israel.
  • 00:19:41
    In other words, the story in a way...
  • 00:19:44
    makes the people into the people.
  • 00:19:46
    The story makes the people into the people?
  • 00:19:49
    The story makes the people into the people.
  • 00:19:55
    So no Egypt.
  • 00:19:57
    And no escape.
  • 00:19:58
    No entering the Promised Land.
  • 00:20:00
    Israelites are from the Promised Land.
  • 00:20:03
    Just more ites.
  • 00:20:04
    From Canaan.
  • 00:20:06
    Now, this new group of ites, the Israelites,
  • 00:20:09
    entered the world stage 500 miles east of Egypt,
  • 00:20:12
    sometime around 1200 BC
  • 00:20:15
    That's way later than what the Bible says.
  • 00:20:17
    You guys are just a bunch of Johnny come latelies.
  • 00:20:20
    I’m right on time. Get hip, huh?
  • 00:20:21
    Yeah, we're hip...
  • 00:20:23
    to your lateness.
  • 00:20:25
    Perhaps, as Amos Funkenstein suggests
  • 00:20:28
    Israel’s conviction that it was God’s chosen people
  • 00:20:30
    was a compensation...
  • 00:20:32
    Isn't it always?
  • 00:20:33
    for its awareness of its belatedness on the historical scene.
  • 00:20:37
    Amos Funkenstein suggests?
  • 00:20:40
    Funken, whatever.
  • 00:20:42
    Satan’s scholars are just being mean.
  • 00:20:43
    I mean they’re super meanies.
  • 00:20:45
    Satan’s Biblical scholars are critical scholars.
  • 00:20:48
    Critical and criticizing.
  • 00:20:51
    Yeah, critical doesn’t mean being mean.
  • 00:20:54
    It’s not like I’m criticizing you for not cleaning up your room.
  • 00:20:58
    It's clean!
  • 00:20:59
    It goes back to the Greek word, Kritike.
  • 00:21:02
    Which is Greek for a bunch of atheists
  • 00:21:05
    undermining the Bible.
  • 00:21:06
    Yeah, not quite.
  • 00:21:07
    And if you say atheist biblical scholars,
  • 00:21:10
    you’re looking at one of the ver-...
  • 00:21:12
    maybe there’s four or five that I can think of.
  • 00:21:15
    Then who's the biblical scholars?
  • 00:21:16
    How do we recognize them?
  • 00:21:18
    What do they look like?
  • 00:21:19
    What does a biblical scholar look like?
  • 00:21:23
    [ laugh ]
  • 00:21:24
    You can the pan the camera around here and see
  • 00:21:27
    all sorts of examples.
  • 00:21:35
    White, middle-aged, or aging, male, Protestant.
  • 00:21:39
    They're Protestant?
  • 00:21:40
    Christians?
  • 00:21:41
    That’s right. Most all critical biblical scholars
  • 00:21:44
    aren’t atheist, but Christian.
  • 00:21:46
    For sure Christians?
  • 00:21:47
    Biblical studies has always been mostly Christian.
  • 00:21:51
    He said white Christian.
  • 00:21:52
    Dudes.
  • 00:21:53
    All of the early creators of biblical scholarship
  • 00:21:57
    as we know it today were all religious people.
  • 00:22:00
    They were ministers, they were priests.
  • 00:22:03
    Most of the great founding fathers of biblical scholarship
  • 00:22:07
    were church-going, pious people.
  • 00:22:10
    False believers.
  • 00:22:11
    They were usually ministers of Protestant churches
  • 00:22:15
    who would argue with each other about
  • 00:22:16
    the best way to understand this text,
  • 00:22:18
    with the idea that you didn’t need any special office
  • 00:22:23
    to read the text closely.
  • 00:22:25
    So modern biblical scholarship comes
  • 00:22:28
    from primarily protestant theology.
  • 00:22:32
    Modern biblical scholarship comes primarily
  • 00:22:35
    from heretics and false believers.
  • 00:22:36
    And Christians. Mostly Christians.
  • 00:22:41
    I have a question, Satan.
  • 00:22:42
    Yes, Cathee?
  • 00:22:43
    If most biblical scholars are Christians,
  • 00:22:45
    and these secrets you're sharing are taught in seminaries,
  • 00:22:48
    Well, my question is,
  • 00:22:49
    why would Christians attack the Bible?
  • 00:22:51
    That wasn’t the intention of the scholars
  • 00:22:53
    that created biblical studies.
  • 00:22:54
    They wanted to elucidate the Bible and show its truth,
  • 00:22:57
    and they believed that all sorts of scholarship
  • 00:22:59
    would be compatible with the Bible.
  • 00:23:02
    And how’d that turn out?
  • 00:23:04
    That was overly optimistic.
  • 00:23:07
    Thinking that archaeology would verify the Bible.
  • 00:23:12
    But then, it turned out that it didn’t.
  • 00:23:15
    No, it did.
  • 00:23:17
    Didn’t.
  • 00:23:17
    Did.
  • 00:23:18
    Didn’t.
  • 00:23:19
    Did!
  • 00:23:19
    Didn’t.
  • 00:23:21
    Uh whatever.
  • 00:23:22
    So what do biblical scholars, mostly Christian biblical scholars,
  • 00:23:27
    think today about the Bible's version of history?
  • 00:23:30
    Today, most of what was held a hundred years ago,
  • 00:23:34
    say around 1900, as history is no longer held that way.
  • 00:23:37
    Certainly the creation stories are not held to be history.
  • 00:23:40
    Talky snake.
  • 00:23:42
    Most of the patriarchal narratives are not held to be history.
  • 00:23:45
    A phony bro?
  • 00:23:47
    Moses is not held to be mostly historical.
  • 00:23:49
    Demon lies.
  • 00:23:51
    The Exodus is either minimized,
  • 00:23:53
    or not held to be what is depicted in the Bible.
  • 00:23:56
    The Biblical texts are not historically reliable accounts
  • 00:24:00
    of early Israelite history.
  • 00:24:02
    Says who?
  • 00:24:03
    The more history we learned,
  • 00:24:05
    turns out that a lot of the biblical history was simply wrong.
  • 00:24:09
    You guys are not exhibiting the Kingdom mindset.
  • 00:24:14
    Wrong does not compute with perfect.
  • 00:24:17
    JEN: Inerrant.
  • 00:24:18
    The Bible’s perfection is crucial for preachers.
  • 00:24:23
    Inerrancy is a crucial component
  • 00:24:26
    for the preacher to be able to say,
  • 00:24:29
    “This is the word of God.”
  • 00:24:30
    Whose word?
  • 00:24:31
    Your word.
  • 00:24:32
    Your perfect word, Jesus.
  • 00:24:33
    Word up.
  • 00:24:34
    Scram, Satan!
  • 00:24:36
    Perfect Jesus, perfect book.
  • 00:24:38
    Perfect book?
  • 00:24:39
    I hate to pump the brakes on biblical inerrancy.
  • 00:24:42
    Pump the breaks? This is the open highway.
  • 00:24:45
    And the check engine light just went on.
  • 00:24:47
    Hey, we have a problem.
  • 00:24:49
    The problem is yours alone, Satan.
  • 00:24:51
    Your scholars share this problem, too.
  • 00:24:53
    Evangelicals say there’s no agreement on what exactly inerrancy is.
  • 00:24:59
    The problem, however,
  • 00:25:01
    is that there are various understandings
  • 00:25:03
    and misunderstandings of inerrancy in circulation.
  • 00:25:06
    Different people have different definitions of what counts as inerrancy
  • 00:25:09
    and what doesn’t count as inerrancy.
  • 00:25:10
    Well it really depends on whose inerrancy
  • 00:25:12
    we’re talking about.
  • 00:25:13
    How are there different versions of inerrancy?
  • 00:25:16
    Hey, these are your scholars, J-Man.
  • 00:25:18
    Evangelical scholars can't even agree on what inerrancy is.
  • 00:25:22
    I’m sure all of it can be harmonized.
  • 00:25:26
    In my view, a rich and sophisticated doctrine
  • 00:25:29
    of inerrancy is part of biblical fidelity.
  • 00:25:32
    I don’t know a lot of people that have a sophisticated
  • 00:25:35
    doctrine of inerrancy.
  • 00:25:36
    I live in the South, and uhm... [ audience laughs ]
  • 00:25:40
    Please welcome Professor Frame.
  • 00:25:42
    My current title, uh, keeps changing
  • 00:25:47
    But my current title is “Inerrancy, a Place to Live”.
  • 00:25:51
    By inerrancy I mean...
  • 00:25:52
    Inerrancy is simply a way of stating...
  • 00:25:55
    That the texts don’t contradict each other,
  • 00:25:59
    but neither do they cohere.
  • 00:26:01
    That does not cohere.
  • 00:26:03
    These guys sound confused.
  • 00:26:05
    They just need more Sunday school.
  • 00:26:07
    My bro Kevin will get us back on track.
  • 00:26:09
    The biblical authors speak truth in all things they affirm,
  • 00:26:12
    and will eventually be seen to have spoken truly when
  • 00:26:16
    right-minded readers read rightly.
  • 00:26:19
    Two times.
  • 00:26:20
    When right-minded readers read rightly.
  • 00:26:23
    Blessed are the right-minded readers. Thank you, Kev!
  • 00:26:25
    ♪♪ The B-I-B-L-E
  • 00:26:27
    ♪♪ Yes that’s the book for me
  • 00:26:30
    ♪♪ I stand alone on the word of God
  • 00:26:32
    ♪♪ The B-I-B-L-E
  • 00:26:35
    We can agree that inerrancy, if not essential,
  • 00:26:39
    is nevertheless expedient.
  • 00:26:43
    Could you define expedient for me?
  • 00:26:46
    Convenient and practical.
  • 00:26:47
    Although possibly improper or immoral.
  • 00:26:50
    Or just Biblical.
  • 00:26:51
    Why is the inerrancy, and infallibility,
  • 00:26:54
    and the flawlessness of God’s word so important?
  • 00:26:57
    Because friends if this book is not true,
  • 00:27:01
    you’re in a heap of trouble.
  • 00:27:03
    Hell level trouble.
  • 00:27:05
    And, kids, you're stumbling.
  • 00:27:09
    Be very careful about the things you’re thinking.
  • 00:27:14
    Do you wanna hear me say, I never knew ye?
  • 00:27:18
    Don't cast us aside.
  • 00:27:19
    We love you Jesus.
  • 00:27:20
    Don’t cast us, please.
  • 00:27:21
    We believe you Jesus.
  • 00:27:22
    You are Lord!
  • 00:27:28
    Well okay then.
  • 00:27:30
    I want everyone here to pray, pray on this word.
  • 00:27:34
    Ask me, I’ll open your spiritual eye to the truth
  • 00:27:37
    and trustworthiness of this holy word.
  • 00:27:40
    Pray now, I’ll wait.
  • 00:27:45
    Witness this, Satan.
  • 00:27:47
    Discipline... morals...
  • 00:27:49
    that’s why parents send their kids here.
  • 00:27:53
    Not because of any nerd history lesson.
  • 00:27:56
    Parents send their children to church to learn good morals.
  • 00:27:59
    Is that what they're learning?
  • 00:28:01
    Students, I got seminary secrets about Biblical morals.
  • 00:28:03
    Students, I got seminary secrets about biblical morals.
  • 00:28:06
    Your math is slightly off there, Satan.
  • 00:28:09
    What math?
  • 00:28:09
    Math is hard. Jesus will help you.
  • 00:28:15
    Without my book, there are no morals.
  • 00:28:18
    Is it gonna be the Word,
  • 00:28:20
    or is it gonna be the world?
  • 00:28:25
    [ ♪♪ upbeat music ♪♪ ]
  • 00:28:31
    [ bird whistles ]
  • 00:28:34
    There's that beautiful psalm...
  • 00:28:36
    Psalm one-hundred thirty-seven, Mrs. Frykholm.
  • 00:28:39
    Doctor.
  • 00:28:40
    Yeah doc, you’re so smart you don’t even know
  • 00:28:42
    what psalm this is!
  • 00:28:43
    I wish I could remember exactly which psalm it is,
  • 00:28:45
    but it’s the beautiful psalm.
  • 00:28:46
    It’s psalm one-hundred thirty-seven!
  • 00:28:48
    And at the end of the psalm they’re dashing
  • 00:28:50
    the babies heads against rocks.
  • 00:28:54
    My turn!
  • 00:28:55
    [ thunder crash ]
  • 00:28:56
    Happy shall he be that
  • 00:28:58
    taketh and dasheth they little ones against the stones.
  • 00:29:01
    Happy baby smashing?
  • 00:29:03
    In the Bible?
  • 00:29:04
    Book of Psalms. Psalm 137.
  • 00:29:07
    Everybody sings the first line of the psalm.
  • 00:29:09
    ♪♪ By the rivers of Babylon
  • 00:29:13
    ♪♪ Where he sat down
  • 00:29:16
    Nobody sings the last line.
  • 00:29:18
    Taketh and dasheth they little ones against the stones.
  • 00:29:23
    Metaphorical, perhaps?
  • 00:29:24
    Toss me into the bosom of my stoner mom?
  • 00:29:29
    Its ideas that you should have these babies,
  • 00:29:33
    and strike them up against rocks,
  • 00:29:36
    to me is odious.
  • 00:29:37
    Extremely unpleasant, repulsive.
  • 00:29:40
    Smashing babies qualifies.
  • 00:29:42
    It should not be called beautiful.
  • 00:29:44
    It should not be celebrated in any way.
  • 00:29:47
    You lied again, Satan.
  • 00:29:49
    I found someone on YouTube singing the last line.
  • 00:29:54
    [ ♪♪ acoustic guitar strumming ♪♪ ]
  • 00:29:56
    ♪♪ take your little ones
  • 00:29:59
    ♪♪ and dash them against the rock
  • 00:30:10
    And so we just tend to repress or ignore
  • 00:30:12
    those aspects of the Bible.
  • 00:30:13
    But I think it would be more interesting to engage them.
  • 00:30:18
    More interesting for who?
  • 00:30:20
    And I think what it would lead to is a deeper,
  • 00:30:22
    empathetic experience.
  • 00:30:24
    We would understand the anger,
  • 00:30:25
    we would understand the suffering,
  • 00:30:27
    we would understand
  • 00:30:28
    what they thought had been stolen from them,
  • 00:30:31
    in a much deeper way if we were willing
  • 00:30:33
    to engage the horror that’s present there.
  • 00:30:36
    And I think something similar could happen with engagement in,
  • 00:30:39
    in the story of the Israelites moving into Canaan.
  • 00:30:43
    Serious horror fans stay tuned, okay?
  • 00:30:45
    A story filled with extreme horror, next.
  • 00:30:48
    [ creaking door ]
  • 00:30:49
    [ door closes ]
  • 00:30:52
    Previously in the Bible,
  • 00:30:54
    God bro-ed out with Abraham.
  • 00:30:56
    He promised Abraham a ton of land.
  • 00:30:58
    But the land was already filled with Canaanites.
  • 00:31:01
    Does a good God try and steal land?
  • 00:31:03
    My ways are higher.
  • 00:31:04
    If by higher you mean more violent.
  • 00:31:07
    Hardly! You saw me.
  • 00:31:09
    Didn't I ask y’all nicely to pack up and leave?
  • 00:31:11
    I offered them many peaceful ways out.
  • 00:31:14
    North, south, east, west.
  • 00:31:16
    I don't even have to be nice about it.
  • 00:31:18
    In fact, you know what?
  • 00:31:19
    The time for my mercy has ended.
  • 00:31:22
    You don't want to vacate the land.
  • 00:31:24
    It's your fault, Canaanites.
  • 00:31:26
    You asked for him. You deserve him.
  • 00:31:28
    So, Josh, when it comes to mass murder,
  • 00:31:31
    what's your take?
  • 00:31:32
    I will leave nothing undone.
  • 00:31:35
    Oh, right on.
  • 00:31:37
    In the seventh chapter of the book of Deuteronomy.
  • 00:31:40
    God lays out his attack plan for Joshua's assault on Canaan.
  • 00:31:44
    Direct orders for the Israelites when they enter...
  • 00:31:47
    [ door creaks then shuts ]
  • 00:31:48
    ...the Promised Land.
  • 00:31:50
    Already entered, sir. Said that one’s already.
  • 00:31:52
    Say it again.
  • 00:31:53
    I will leave nothing undone.
  • 00:31:56
    Aye, this guy. Okay yo, [ whistles ] I'm already here.
  • 00:31:59
    Look down, huh?
  • 00:32:00
    Stay in your lane, Israel.
  • 00:32:02
    Now, Joshua, listen up.
  • 00:32:03
    And when the Lord, your God, brings you into the land
  • 00:32:06
    you are entering to possess,
  • 00:32:08
    and drives out before you many nations,
  • 00:32:11
    then you must destroy them, totally.
  • 00:32:15
    Make no treaty with them and show them no mercy.
  • 00:32:18
    Do not intermarry with them.
  • 00:32:20
    Then why are all your boys
  • 00:32:22
    sliding into my DMs?
  • 00:32:25
    Do not intermarrying with them.
  • 00:32:27
    for that would turn away your children.
  • 00:32:29
    Why are we doing it?
  • 00:32:30
    It would turn away your children
  • 00:32:31
    from following me to serve other Gods.
  • 00:32:33
    So ultimately it’s a covenantal thing.
  • 00:32:35
    You know, maybe it’s unfortunate,
  • 00:32:36
    but we can’t leave those people there,
  • 00:32:37
    they’re a bad influence.
  • 00:32:39
    SATAN: And what are Israelites to do with them?
  • 00:32:41
    Kill them, kill them all. Utterly.
  • 00:32:44
    Kill everyone?
  • 00:32:46
    They deserve it.
  • 00:32:47
    Our pastor skipped this part of the Bible.
  • 00:32:49
    It’s shocking.
  • 00:32:50
    Like baby smashing?
  • 00:32:52
    Somebody remind me who the good guys are.
  • 00:32:55
    This is not, you know a matter of, you know
  • 00:32:57
    integration.
  • 00:32:59
    [ ♪♪ song Joshua Fought the Battle of Jericho ♪♪ ]
  • 00:33:02
    The book of Joshua tells the story of the Israelites
  • 00:33:06
    violent conquest of Canaan.
  • 00:33:08
    In Joshua six, a city
  • 00:33:11
    named Jericho is conquered by the Israelites,
  • 00:33:15
    they go in and they kill all the women and children
  • 00:33:21
    You see, there's a lot of
  • 00:33:22
    killing in the Bible, a lot of genocide,
  • 00:33:25
    a lot of killing of the Canaanites,
  • 00:33:27
    women and children.
  • 00:33:29
    ♪♪ Joshua fought the battle of Jericho
  • 00:33:33
    ♪♪ Jericho, Jericho
  • 00:33:36
    ♪♪ Joshua fought the battle of Jericho
  • 00:33:40
    ♪♪ and the walls came tumbling down
  • 00:33:43
    and they utterly destroyed all that was in the city,
  • 00:33:46
    both man and woman, young and old,
  • 00:33:49
    with the edge of the sword.
  • 00:33:50
    ♪♪ but there’s none like good old Joshua
  • 00:33:54
    Because that’s part of the directive given
  • 00:33:56
    in Deuteronomy seven
  • 00:33:58
    that when you conquer the land of Canaan
  • 00:34:01
    the Hebrews are to exterminate everyone,
  • 00:34:04
    And they burnt the city with fire, and all that was therein.
  • 00:34:08
    Is that really you, God?
  • 00:34:10
    They should have left already.
  • 00:34:12
    But that's impossible.
  • 00:34:13
    You do know our legs are made of felt, right?
  • 00:34:16
    When God kills people in the Old Testament or any time,
  • 00:34:20
    does he give reasons?
  • 00:34:21
    or does God just wake up like one day saying,
  • 00:34:23
    “Canaanites, I want ‘em all dead!”
  • 00:34:25
    Previously we heard God and his evangelical scholars
  • 00:34:28
    slander the indigenous Canaanite peoples.
  • 00:34:31
    A culture that was incredibly
  • 00:34:34
    Homosexuals
  • 00:34:35
    sacrificing their children
  • 00:34:36
    eating shrimp
  • 00:34:39
    Gay shrimp eaters.
  • 00:34:41
    You know, it might now be appropriate to ask,
  • 00:34:46
    Are there limits to victim shaming?
  • 00:34:48
    Now the really difficult problem
  • 00:34:51
    it seems to me, is the children.
  • 00:34:53
    Now, the more difficult problem is the children.
  • 00:34:56
    How could God command that the children be killed?
  • 00:35:01
    Because these are innocent.
  • 00:35:02
    Woo! That is indeed a problem, Willy.
  • 00:35:04
    Let’s restate that once more.
  • 00:35:06
    You know, for the children.
  • 00:35:08
    How is it consistent with God’s nature
  • 00:35:11
    that he would command that these Canaanite children be killed?
  • 00:35:14
    Exactly.
  • 00:35:15
    How could God do that?
  • 00:35:16
    God knows who will or will not repent of his or her sin,
  • 00:35:20
    and if he concludes that the children
  • 00:35:22
    would have grown up and acted similarly,
  • 00:35:24
    ♪♪ and the walls came tumbling down ♪♪
  • 00:35:28
    He's perfectly right to institute capital punishment.
  • 00:35:31
    God has the right to give and take life as he sees fit.
  • 00:35:35
    Children die all the time, every day.
  • 00:35:38
    It’s right for God to slaughter women and children
  • 00:35:41
    any time he pleases.
  • 00:35:44
    Wow, and they call me the Prince of Darkness.
  • 00:35:47
    Also, although it isn't a given, I agree with Paul Copan.
  • 00:35:50
    From an article that I wrote with
  • 00:35:52
    a friend of mine, Matt Flannagan.
  • 00:35:54
    This is the central part of the moral arguments
  • 00:35:55
    you hear people like Paul Copan, and William Lane Craig
  • 00:35:59
    Since I believe in the salvation of children,
  • 00:36:02
    that this was actually a mercy extended to them.
  • 00:36:04
    huh.
  • 00:36:05
    And those children once in Heaven would be grateful
  • 00:36:08
    that God had issued such a command
  • 00:36:11
    to the Israeli armies to wipe them out. So...
  • 00:36:15
    The death of these children meant their salvation.
  • 00:36:18
    They were the recipients of an infinite good,
  • 00:36:21
    as a result of their earthly phase of life
  • 00:36:25
    being terminated.
  • 00:36:33
    Dr. Collins, any response?
  • 00:36:36
    One hopes that the Canaanites
  • 00:36:38
    appreciated the honor.
  • 00:36:42
    That was horrible.
  • 00:36:43
    Doesn’t bother me.
  • 00:36:44
    Is this part over?
  • 00:36:46
    Joshua's conquest of Canaan is only now ramping up.
  • 00:36:50
    And the Lord said unto Joshua...
  • 00:36:51
    You shall do to Ai and its king
  • 00:36:54
    as you did to Jericho and its king.
  • 00:36:57
    You shall do to Ai and its king as you did to Jericho.
  • 00:37:00
    So it becomes, I never thought of this before,
  • 00:37:02
    It becomes kind of a building thing.
  • 00:37:05
    12,000 men and women fell that day,
  • 00:37:07
    all the people of Ai.
  • 00:37:08
    12,000 men, women, and children.
  • 00:37:11
    Why doesn't God put a stop to it?
  • 00:37:13
    Please God, save the children.
  • 00:37:15
    God has a plan.
  • 00:37:17
    There’s certainly at the very least a sign of approval on God’s part,
  • 00:37:22
    and then of saying, “OK, do it to them again.”
  • 00:37:25
    Again?
  • 00:37:26
    They totally destroyed them,
  • 00:37:27
    not sparing anything that breathed
  • 00:37:29
    and he burned up Hazor itself.
  • 00:37:31
    Really?
  • 00:37:32
    Unfortunately, yes.
  • 00:37:33
    God is in total command here.
  • 00:37:35
    You are to hamstring their horses and burn their chariots.
  • 00:37:41
    Does God say stuff?
  • 00:37:43
    I think I don’t think in those terms.
  • 00:37:44
    I think I’m thinking in terms of
  • 00:37:46
    what do human beings understand
  • 00:37:49
    God to be expecting of them?
  • 00:37:51
    I will leave nothing undone.
  • 00:37:54
    Joshua destroyed them utterly with their cities
  • 00:37:57
    neither left they any to breathe.
  • 00:38:00
    God, you really did that?
  • 00:38:02
    They could have exited east, west
  • 00:38:04
    North and south were options too
  • 00:38:06
    It's terrible.
  • 00:38:08
    As the Lord commanded Moses his servant,
  • 00:38:10
    so did Moses command Joshua,
  • 00:38:12
    and so did Joshua.
  • 00:38:14
    He left nothing undone...
  • 00:38:16
    of all the Lord had commanded Moses.
  • 00:38:18
    So they are truly assuming
  • 00:38:22
    that this is what God expects of them.
  • 00:38:24
    So Joshua took the whole land according
  • 00:38:26
    to all that the Lord said unto Moses.
  • 00:38:28
    And Joshua gave it for an inheritance unto Israel,
  • 00:38:32
    according to their divisions by their tribes.
  • 00:38:34
    [ ♪♪ music Jericho instrumental ♪♪ ]
  • 00:38:36
    [ door unlocks and squeaks ]
  • 00:38:37
    [ door closes loudly ]
  • 00:38:40
    And the land rested from war.
  • 00:38:45
    Jesus.
  • 00:38:49
    Did it ever happen?
  • 00:38:51
    I wanted to ask that.
  • 00:38:52
    The archaeological evidence does not support the view that
  • 00:38:55
    the marauding Israelites actually engaged
  • 00:38:58
    in the massive slaughter of the Canaanites.
  • 00:39:00
    I knew it. Our God is an awesome God.
  • 00:39:03
    In some respects, I would say the conquest of Canaan
  • 00:39:07
    is more analogous to
  • 00:39:10
    Aragorn killing the orcs in The Lord of the Rings.
  • 00:39:14
    Now, you don't like orcs.
  • 00:39:15
    You want them all to die.
  • 00:39:17
    If it's something that didn't happen,
  • 00:39:20
    then it's not the same thing as things that did happen.
  • 00:39:23
    It's not the Rwandan genocide.
  • 00:39:25
    It's not the Holocaust.
  • 00:39:27
    God didn't kill the Canaanites.
  • 00:39:29
    It didn't happen.
  • 00:39:30
    So we're okay.
  • 00:39:31
    God's still perfect.
  • 00:39:33
    You think so?
  • 00:39:34
    Dr. Avalos, what do you think?
  • 00:39:37
    It actually doesn't matter whether it happened or not.
  • 00:39:39
    Huh?!
  • 00:39:41
    It's the principle
  • 00:39:42
    that you should kill people to take their land and their property
  • 00:39:49
    and that you should kill people because their religion is different.
  • 00:39:52
    Those principles we should have a zero tolerance for them.
  • 00:39:55
    Whether they happened or not is irrelevant.
  • 00:39:58
    because the principle remains.
  • 00:40:00
    The author believed
  • 00:40:02
    that you should kill women and children
  • 00:40:04
    if their religion is different,
  • 00:40:06
    or because God told you to take their land and valuables.
  • 00:40:09
    Joshua's conquest of Canaan is not historical
  • 00:40:12
    but history continues to see real violence inspired by Joshua.
  • 00:40:17
    it entailed ideas about violence and genocide
  • 00:40:21
    that were paralleled repeatedly throughout history.
  • 00:40:25
    The liberation of the Israelites
  • 00:40:27
    and the subjugation of the Canaanites
  • 00:40:28
    are two sides of the same coin.
  • 00:40:35
    Read from the Canaanite perspective,
  • 00:40:38
    this was not a liberating story at all.
  • 00:40:41
    Oof.
  • 00:40:42
    Irish guy knows nothing.
  • 00:40:44
    Joshua battled wickedness.
  • 00:40:46
    And if God commands us to kill them all
  • 00:40:49
    kill... them... all...
  • 00:40:52
    In fact there a millions of people in the world
  • 00:40:55
    who have no objection to genocide
  • 00:40:57
    if the right people are being exterminated.
  • 00:40:59
    [ audience nervous laughter ]
  • 00:41:00
    So I think it is worthwhile to take a few minutes to reflect on
  • 00:41:04
    why we think genocide is wrong in the first place.
  • 00:41:08
    It's not wrong, if I command it.
  • 00:41:11
    You seem quite fond of commanding it.
  • 00:41:13
    My will be done.
  • 00:41:14
    We also have narratives portraying genocide
  • 00:41:17
    as actually undertaken under God’s command
  • 00:41:20
    as in First Samuel 15:1-3
  • 00:41:23
    Not more genocide!
  • 00:41:25
    Slay both man and woman, Infant and suckling.
  • 00:41:28
    What's a suckling?
  • 00:41:29
    I'm a suckling.
  • 00:41:31
    Like Willy says,
  • 00:41:32
    children die all the time, every day
  • 00:41:35
    Children die every day.
  • 00:41:37
    Objections to genocide may be grounded in various ways.
  • 00:41:41
    But most I would think,
  • 00:41:42
    come back to some form of the Golden Rule.
  • 00:41:45
    Golden rule, I know that one!
  • 00:41:47
    Jesus invented it.
  • 00:41:48
    All things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you
  • 00:41:52
    do ye even so to them.
  • 00:41:55
    That we should do unto others
  • 00:41:56
    as we would have them do unto us.
  • 00:41:58
    Christians may regard this maxim
  • 00:42:00
    as a summary of the teachings of Jesus,
  • 00:42:03
    but some form of it can be found in most religions,
  • 00:42:06
    and ultimately it is a humanistic principle.
  • 00:42:10
    Did you catch that?
  • 00:42:11
    The Golden Rule is a humanistic principle.
  • 00:42:14
    No book needed.
  • 00:42:16
    You need the Bible. Jesus invented it.
  • 00:42:18
    But Jesus was after Krishna,
  • 00:42:20
    after Buddha, after the Stoics.
  • 00:42:22
    Way, way after me.
  • 00:42:26
    It’s in the Old Testament. It's everywhere.
  • 00:42:28
    That’s why Dr. Collins calls the Golden Rule
  • 00:42:31
    “a humanistic principle”
  • 00:42:33
    It is a humanistic principle.
  • 00:42:35
    No book needed.
  • 00:42:37
    Ha! You just watch. I might pull my book back.
  • 00:42:40
    Take it away from all you animals.
  • 00:42:42
    Then where will you be?
  • 00:42:43
    24-hour rape and anarchy is where you'll be
  • 00:42:46
    There are no morals, no comprehen(sneeze)
  • 00:42:48
    Zeus you.
  • 00:42:49
    of right and wrong without the Bible.
  • 00:42:51
    The Bible is the ruler by which goodness is measured,
  • 00:42:55
    Trusted for like 1700 years, kids.
  • 00:42:58
    It's so much like the song says,
  • 00:43:00
    God says, sing it now!
  • 00:43:02
    ♪♪ Give me that old time religion
  • 00:43:04
    ♪♪ Give me that old time religion
  • 00:43:06
    ♪♪ Give me that old time religion
  • 00:43:09
    ♪♪ It’s good enough for me
  • 00:43:11
    In the ancient world with its old time religion,
  • 00:43:14
    We’ve witnessed God killing kids in Egypt,
  • 00:43:16
    God commanding the killing of everyone in Canaan.
  • 00:43:20
    You’re just cherry-picking all the bad stuff.
  • 00:43:22
    It's just Old Testament.
  • 00:43:24
    None of it scares me, Satan.
  • 00:43:25
    Not scared?
  • 00:43:26
    Nope.
  • 00:43:27
    I do have one... little thing these old time religions do
  • 00:43:30
    And this should scare you plenty.
  • 00:43:33
    Child sacrifice?
  • 00:43:34
    Only false gods do that.
  • 00:43:37
    That’s totally gross.
  • 00:43:38
    My God is definitely not cool with child sacrifice.
  • 00:43:41
    They get to the point where they're actually sacrificing their children
  • 00:43:44
    And if Israelites are Canaanites,
  • 00:43:47
    Did Israelite dads kill their kids too?
  • 00:43:53
    It is now widely recognized that human sacrifice
  • 00:43:57
    was practiced in ancient Israel
  • 00:43:58
    much later than scholars of an earlier generation had assumed.
  • 00:44:02
    Oh, boy.
  • 00:44:03
    Exodus 22 appears to require the sacrifice of the firstborn
  • 00:44:08
    The Judean Kings, Ahaz and Manasseh
  • 00:44:11
    are accused of child sacrifice.
  • 00:44:13
    The practice cannot be dismissed as due to foreign influence,
  • 00:44:16
    but had venerable precedence in the cult of Yahweh.
  • 00:44:20
    Baloney!
  • 00:44:21
    My God is not cool with killing innocent children
  • 00:44:24
    for divine favors in battle that may be.
  • 00:44:26
    That may be,
  • 00:44:27
    but the God of the Bible is.
  • 00:44:29
    Victory in battle is related in an integral way
  • 00:44:35
    to your offering these things to the deity.
  • 00:44:39
    In the eleventh chapter of the Book of Judges
  • 00:44:42
    Jephthah, the leader of the Israelites
  • 00:44:44
    who are at war with the Ammonites
  • 00:44:46
    More ites?
  • 00:44:47
    from Canaan.
  • 00:44:48
    Wanting to secure victory for the Israelites
  • 00:44:51
    Jephthah makes a promise to God.
  • 00:44:53
    If you give the Ammonites into my hands,
  • 00:44:56
    whatever comes out of the door of my house
  • 00:44:58
    to meet me when I return in triumph from the
  • 00:45:00
    Ammonites will be the Lord’s
  • 00:45:02
    and I will sacrifice it as a burnt offering.
  • 00:45:05
    The leader of the Israelites promises God,
  • 00:45:08
    he will set fire to whoever greets him first
  • 00:45:12
    when he returns home from battle.
  • 00:45:14
    He will devote to the Lord first thing he sees.
  • 00:45:19
    But of course it turns out to be his, his daughter,
  • 00:45:23
    his only child, and..
  • 00:45:26
    I'm back
  • 00:45:27
    And I won!
  • 00:45:28
    Who's behind door number one?
  • 00:45:33
    Welcome home, daddy!
  • 00:45:35
    Oh, no, he didn't.
  • 00:45:37
    But he did
  • 00:45:38
    And he did to her as he had vowed.
  • 00:45:41
    ♪♪ It was good for the Hebrew children
  • 00:45:46
    ♪♪ It was good for the Hebrew children
  • 00:45:48
    ♪♪ It’s good enough for me
  • 00:45:51
    In a war context, when what’s offered is killing human beings,
  • 00:45:55
    we have to assume that they assumed
  • 00:45:57
    that God appreciated human sacrifice, right?
  • 00:46:01
    Right!
  • 00:46:06
    Okay, that's not good
  • 00:46:07
    but everything you're cherry-picking is from the Old Testament.
  • 00:46:10
    Yeah, we already know the Old Testament God is the mean God.
  • 00:46:13
    But the New Testament God is the loving God.
  • 00:46:17
    Uh-huh. Dr. Avalos?
  • 00:46:19
    The New Testament is far more violent than the Old.
  • 00:46:24
    That’s totally crazy.
  • 00:46:25
    How can you even say that?
  • 00:46:27
    The Old Testament God may wish to hurt and kill you,
  • 00:46:30
    but it was only for your lifetime for the most part.
  • 00:46:33
    [ audience laughter ]
  • 00:46:35
    If read literally, Jesus proposes torturing
  • 00:46:39
    those he dislikes with an eternal fire.
  • 00:46:42
    Thus the violence is infinitely greater in both quantity and quality.
  • 00:46:47
    Being burned for eternity is far more intense than
  • 00:46:52
    being hacked to death, and dying.
  • 00:46:54
    That's a fair point.
  • 00:46:55
    I guess I would choose a good hacking
  • 00:46:57
    over an eternal, torturous Hell.
  • 00:47:00
    Total hypocrisy, Satan!
  • 00:47:02
    What objective standard are you even using
  • 00:47:04
    to criticize the Bible?
  • 00:47:05
    Without the Bible, there is no right or wrong.
  • 00:47:08
    Beat it!
  • 00:47:09
    Satan has no authority to judge the Bible.
  • 00:47:12
    The Bible is the authority.
  • 00:47:14
    What God says is moral is moral.
  • 00:47:15
    What God says immoral is not immoral.
  • 00:47:17
    And it's he gets to make the choice.
  • 00:47:19
    He's God and you're not.
  • 00:47:21
    Ah, that's exactly it, Rick.
  • 00:47:23
    I'm God
  • 00:47:24
    You are Lord!
  • 00:47:25
    and you're not.
  • 00:47:27
    [ lightning crash ]
  • 00:47:27
    Should morality be based on the Bible?
  • 00:47:30
    Dr. Avalos?
  • 00:47:32
    The very idea that a text should tell you
  • 00:47:35
    what you should do is immoral to me.
  • 00:47:37
    How so?
  • 00:47:39
    because now you're saying that whatever
  • 00:47:42
    somebody writes is what becomes moral for you.
  • 00:47:45
    As though it was based on authority.
  • 00:47:49
    Morality should not be based on authority
  • 00:47:51
    it should be based on your empathy
  • 00:47:53
    for the suffering of other human beings.
  • 00:47:56
    Let's shine a light on that.
  • 00:47:59
    Morality should be based on what?
  • 00:48:01
    It should be based on your empathy
  • 00:48:03
    for the suffering of other human beings.
  • 00:48:05
    Nice opinion, flesh human.
  • 00:48:08
    Empathy for the suffering of others
  • 00:48:10
    that's all we need for good morals?
  • 00:48:12
    Add in the humanistic Golden Rule, and...
  • 00:48:19
    Yeah we're good for now.
  • 00:48:21
    That's it?!
  • 00:48:22
    That's only two commandments and I got ten.
  • 00:48:24
    You got nothing about idol worship.
  • 00:48:26
    You got to look out for idols, man.
  • 00:48:29
    And you got nothing about coveting your neighbor's slaves.
  • 00:48:33
    Once again, Satan, you finish b-low me.
  • 00:48:38
    Hello.
  • 00:48:42
    [ stop whistle ]
  • 00:48:45
    Get back to me when you’ve authored 8 more.
  • 00:48:47
    Uh, authored?
  • 00:48:48
    Yeah, authored.
  • 00:48:49
    As in I'm about to author another hole in one here.
  • 00:48:54
    Students you already know
  • 00:48:56
    I've got seminary secrets about Bible authors.
  • 00:49:00
    And we’re going big on this next one
  • 00:49:03
    For there is one name, name, name known
  • 00:49:05
    ‘round the globe, globe, globe
  • 00:49:06
    when it comes to issues of biblical authorship.
  • 00:49:09
    Hearing just his last name,
  • 00:49:10
    Daddy's blood pressure going to rise.
  • 00:49:13
    Is it Obama?
  • 00:49:15
    He is the most famous of all the Biblical scholars.
  • 00:49:18
    I give you UNC Chapel Hill's
  • 00:49:21
    Bart fracking Ehrman
  • 00:49:23
    Dr. Ehrman’s middle initial is in fact a D.
  • 00:49:27
    Bart Denton Ehrman.
  • 00:49:28
    And Christians on YouTube
  • 00:49:30
    They're in a total tizzy about his books.
  • 00:49:33
    You got people like
  • 00:49:35
    our good friend here
  • 00:49:38
    Big, bad, Bart Ehrman.
  • 00:49:41
    [ canned laughter ]
  • 00:49:42
    Yeah you know Bart.
  • 00:49:44
    He’s been on Comedy Central.
  • 00:49:46
    He’s published over 20 books.
  • 00:49:48
    The best selling author with Oxford University Press.
  • 00:49:54
    See what Bart Ehrman says in Misquoting Jesus,
  • 00:49:56
    see what Bart Ehrman says in Jesus Interrupted.
  • 00:49:58
    The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture,
  • 00:50:02
    how ‘bout that one?
  • 00:50:03
    That book right there it’s called Misquoting Jesus.
  • 00:50:06
    Bart Ehrman in high school,
  • 00:50:08
    he trusted Jesus Christ as his personal savior.
  • 00:50:11
    And how's it working today?
  • 00:50:13
    He’s like the premiere attacker of the Bible
  • 00:50:15
    in the world right now.
  • 00:50:16
    Our primary English-speaking critic.
  • 00:50:20
    What happened to Bart?
  • 00:50:22
    Demon trickery.
  • 00:50:24
    I’m gonna take care of him, with a clothesline, haha!
  • 00:50:29
    [ canned laughter ]
  • 00:50:33
    The kinds of critical scholarship that I promote in my books
  • 00:50:36
    Those are things that seminarians learn
  • 00:50:39
    when they're training for ministry
  • 00:50:40
    if they go to a Mainline Protestant seminary.
  • 00:50:43
    They're teaching Bart's stuff to everyone?
  • 00:50:46
    Anyone who has gone at least through
  • 00:50:49
    I would say a Masters level
  • 00:50:51
    would be well aware of every argument
  • 00:50:53
    that Bart Ehrman has ever presented.
  • 00:50:56
    It’s standard stuff.
  • 00:50:58
    EHRMAN: This is standard stuff that people are taught
  • 00:51:01
    in all the mainline Christian theological seminaries
  • 00:51:04
    across the country and in Europe.
  • 00:51:07
    And yet most pastors who've gone through that training
  • 00:51:10
    don't tell their congregations what it is that they've learned.
  • 00:51:14
    Seminary secrets.
  • 00:51:16
    Yep.
  • 00:51:16
    Health insurance is super important.
  • 00:51:18
    If Pastor Mark wants to tell the truth
  • 00:51:20
    and he loses his health coverage, we could do a bake sale to pay the bill.
  • 00:51:25
    Yeah, if his kid breaks a bone, we'll do a bake sale.
  • 00:51:28
    Well, that is beautiful.
  • 00:51:31
    And a whole lotta pie.
  • 00:51:33
    Yummy.
  • 00:51:35
    Get hurt.
  • 00:51:40
    Here’s seminary standard stuff about the Book of Daniel.
  • 00:51:44
    Standard stuff about authorship and predicting the future
  • 00:51:48
    Prophecy!
  • 00:51:49
    Daniel was stupendous.
  • 00:51:51
    A total winner.
  • 00:51:52
    Daniel made many predictions about the future that came true.
  • 00:51:55
    Proof the Bible is a Godly book.
  • 00:51:57
    Admit it, Satan!
  • 00:51:58
    Daniel did predict all those things that came true.
  • 00:52:01
    Yeah. Hmm.
  • 00:52:03
    I wonder how Daniel did it?
  • 00:52:06
    By pretending to be someone living in the distant past
  • 00:52:09
    an author could predict the future.
  • 00:52:11
    Huh?
  • 00:52:12
    Pretending?
  • 00:52:12
    Like doing impersonations?
  • 00:52:15
    Excellent, Betty. You are right on target.
  • 00:52:18
    The book of Daniel allegedly written by
  • 00:52:21
    the great wise man of the 6th century B.C.E…
  • 00:52:24
    B. C. me
  • 00:52:25
    was actually written, in the judgment of almost all critical scholars,
  • 00:52:29
    some 400 years later.
  • 00:52:31
    [ record scratch ]
  • 00:52:31
    How? What duh fuh?
  • 00:52:33
    Liar.
  • 00:52:33
    If the Book of Daniel was written 400 years later,
  • 00:52:36
    then that would mean
  • 00:52:37
    Daniel did not author the Book of Daniel.
  • 00:52:40
    His name's on the book, Bart.
  • 00:52:42
    The reality is that the author wasn’t living in the sixth century B.C.E.,
  • 00:52:46
    he was only claiming to live then.
  • 00:52:47
    He was actually living in the second century,
  • 00:52:49
    four hundred years later.
  • 00:52:50
    You have a span of time in between
  • 00:52:54
    and the Book of Daniel can predict
  • 00:52:58
    those events very accurately
  • 00:53:01
    No wonder Daniel could predict the rise of the Persians and the Greeks
  • 00:53:05
    The author These prophecies lived after they had taken place.
  • 00:53:09
    After?
  • 00:53:10
    This will happen, this will happen, this will happen, that will happen…
  • 00:53:13
    He knew those things were going to happen
  • 00:53:15
    because he was living after they happened.
  • 00:53:17
    So he’s not actually predicting the future,
  • 00:53:19
    he’s pretending to be somebody in the past predicting the future.
  • 00:53:28
    its prophecy after the fact.
  • 00:53:34
    That seems kind of wrong.
  • 00:53:36
    Why pretend like that?
  • 00:53:37
    It's all a big set-up.
  • 00:53:41
    Who’s the mark?
  • 00:53:43
    The reader.
  • 00:53:44
    Your reader reads it and realizes you’ve been right all along!
  • 00:53:48
    Everything you predicted in fact has happened.
  • 00:53:50
    So that then if you go on to predict
  • 00:53:52
    what’s going to happen very soon,
  • 00:53:54
    it seems like that’s also going to happen
  • 00:53:56
    because everything else you’ve said has happened.
  • 00:53:58
    If the predictions are known to have been accurate
  • 00:54:01
    down to the present,
  • 00:54:02
    then they are likely to be reliable for the future too.
  • 00:54:05
    All the after-the-fact prophecies
  • 00:54:07
    build the reader's confidence in the very last prophecy.
  • 00:54:11
    What was the last prophecy?
  • 00:54:13
    That an enemy king,
  • 00:54:14
    Antiochus Epiphanies would die in Israel.
  • 00:54:17
    Did he?
  • 00:54:17
    Where’d he die?
  • 00:54:18
    Was it in Israel?
  • 00:54:19
    Nope, not in Israel.
  • 00:54:21
    And then the real prediction wasn't actually fulfilled.
  • 00:54:25
    A failed prophecy?! In my book?
  • 00:54:28
    In fact, the concluding prophecy
  • 00:54:29
    of the death of the king was not fulfilled.
  • 00:54:31
    That’s not right-minded reading, Johnny.
  • 00:54:34
    Right-minded readers read rightly.
  • 00:54:37
    Just because the very last prophecy did not happen,
  • 00:54:39
    only means that it will eventually happen.
  • 00:54:42
    and will eventually be seen to have spoken truly
  • 00:54:45
    Daniel will eventually be seen to have spoken truly.
  • 00:54:48
    ♪♪ Dare to make it known
  • 00:54:52
    It could still happen.
  • 00:54:58
    Now it seems very odd
  • 00:54:59
    why a text should focus on events in the second century B.C.
  • 00:55:04
    and then skip the next 2000 years of history.
  • 00:55:08
    So most critical scholars figured the book was actually written
  • 00:55:13
    after the last event that was accurately predicted.
  • 00:55:17
    Somebody impersonated the ancient celebrity Daniel.
  • 00:55:19
    And it wasn't Daniel.
  • 00:55:21
    I should write Second Daniel!
  • 00:55:25
    You know what Satan? What about your books?
  • 00:55:27
    You’re attacking my book,
  • 00:55:28
    saying Daniel did not write the book of Daniel.
  • 00:55:30
    Even though his name is on the book!
  • 00:55:32
    Well, what about all your books?
  • 00:55:35
    My books?
  • 00:55:36
    How do we know the names on
  • 00:55:37
    your books are from the actual authors?
  • 00:55:40
    Yeah! Get him. Jesus.
  • 00:55:41
    Satan’s got fake writers.
  • 00:55:43
    How do we know you wrote your book?
  • 00:55:46
    Huh? Huh? huh?
  • 00:55:48
    How does anyone know that I wrote my books?
  • 00:55:50
    You’d have to use a lot of evidence about how I write.
  • 00:55:53
    You could look at my other work.
  • 00:55:54
    You develop a sense of my style.
  • 00:55:58
    Books have voices.
  • 00:56:00
    And you can hear an author's voice.
  • 00:56:02
    And people actually do this with ancient texts as well.
  • 00:56:04
    Do they do it with this ancient text, Doctor?
  • 00:56:07
    So for example
  • 00:56:08
    the question about whether Paul wrote or did not write
  • 00:56:11
    Second Thessalonians,
  • 00:56:12
    often gets argued on the substance of voice.
  • 00:56:14
    Nearly half of the 27 books of the New Testament
  • 00:56:18
    claim the voice of Paul.
  • 00:56:19
    Paul has the most books in the New Testament.
  • 00:56:21
    And there's something very peculiar about his voice
  • 00:56:24
    PAUL: My voice.
  • 00:56:25
    At the end of his second letter
  • 00:56:26
    to the Thessalonians Paul writes,
  • 00:56:28
    I always sign my letters as I am now doing.
  • 00:56:31
    What is peculiar is that he claims this to be his invariable practice,
  • 00:56:36
    I always sign my letters...
  • 00:56:38
    even though he does not appear to have ended
  • 00:56:40
    most of his other letters this way
  • 00:56:42
    including First Thessalonians.
  • 00:56:44
    Wait, so Paul doesn't always sign his letters that way?
  • 00:56:48
    What's going on?
  • 00:56:50
    Second Thessalonians was probably written after Paul’s death.
  • 00:56:54
    Can the dead write letters?
  • 00:56:57
    Why not? They vote all the time.
  • 00:56:59
    There are 13 books that claim to be written by Paul.
  • 00:57:04
    But scholars are pretty confident
  • 00:57:06
    that Paul did not write three of those books:
  • 00:57:08
    First and Second Timothy and Titus
  • 00:57:10
    Three others of them are hotly debated by scholars with
  • 00:57:13
    probably the majority of scholars saying
  • 00:57:14
    that Paul did not write Colossians,
  • 00:57:16
    Ephesians, and Second Thessalonians.
  • 00:57:19
    Of those 13 letters in the Bible that claims Paul voice
  • 00:57:22
    only seven are really from Paul.
  • 00:57:24
    Ooof! Seven?
  • 00:57:25
    Only seven?
  • 00:57:26
    Seven, remember, is the number of perfection
  • 00:57:29
    and if you’re talking about authorship, Satan
  • 00:57:31
    nothing’s more perfect
  • 00:57:32
    than eyewitness accounts.
  • 00:57:34
    The Bible is primarily eyewitness accounts.
  • 00:57:36
    What's more real than real eyewitnesses?
  • 00:57:39
    Eyewitnesses, Satan.
  • 00:57:40
    My apostles saw me do stuff.
  • 00:57:42
    They wrote it down. Like perfect journalists
  • 00:57:46
    perched at the rim of Jesus Canyon.
  • 00:57:51
    My apostles saw it all.
  • 00:57:52
    John was an apostle and he was with Jesus.
  • 00:57:55
    John was also an illiterate fisherman.
  • 00:57:57
    And he wrote the Gospel of John.
  • 00:57:59
    And in Greek, a foreign language.
  • 00:58:01
    Did the Apostles go back to school after Jesus died,
  • 00:58:04
    overcome years of illiteracy by learning
  • 00:58:07
    how to read and write at a relatively high level,
  • 00:58:09
    become skilled in foreign composition,
  • 00:58:12
    and then later pen the gospels?
  • 00:58:14
    Yep, that’s exactly how it went down.
  • 00:58:16
    Most scholars consider it somewhat unlikely.
  • 00:58:20
    Somewhat unlikely?
  • 00:58:22
    But not impossible.
  • 00:58:24
    And I got impossible covered too.
  • 00:58:27
    Hey, Jesus.
  • 00:58:28
    Over here. Over here.
  • 00:58:30
    It's me, Peter.
  • 00:58:32
    Jesus’ first follower, another illiterate fisherman
  • 00:58:35
    has his name on two letters in the Bible.
  • 00:58:37
    Help! Help me, Please.
  • 00:58:39
    I'm drowning.
  • 00:58:40
    You don’t have an Bart Ehrman books back at home, do ya?
  • 00:58:42
    Oh, only one.
  • 00:58:45
    My asshole neighbor left it for me to read.
  • 00:58:50
    I can't even read!
  • 00:58:55
    It’s possible of course, that Peter went back to school
  • 00:58:58
    learned Greek
  • 00:58:59
    became an accomplished writer,
  • 00:59:00
    and moved to Rome before writing this letter.
  • 00:59:04
    But to most scholars, this seems highly unlikely.
  • 00:59:07
    Forged?
  • 00:59:08
    As in forgery?
  • 00:59:09
    As in the Bible has zero eyewitness accounts of Jesus.
  • 00:59:14
    Not even one?
  • 00:59:15
    None.
  • 00:59:16
    Forged, yeah.
  • 00:59:17
    Get your Bart butt outta here.
  • 00:59:20
    Lemme educate ya, children
  • 00:59:21
    explain what’s really going on here with these critical scholars.
  • 00:59:24
    They're just flesh and blood.
  • 00:59:26
    Our real battle is with powers and principalities.
  • 00:59:31
    There are powers and principalities that are highly organized.
  • 00:59:35
    There is an unseen spiritual battle going all around you.
  • 00:59:39
    Invisible war that’s happening
  • 00:59:41
    This is a real war!
  • 00:59:43
    And it is more real than the chair that you sit in right now.
  • 00:59:47
    Everybody on this planet is in this battle
  • 00:59:49
    whether they know it or not.
  • 00:59:51
    Dark spiritual forces, through their earthly agents,
  • 00:59:54
    they have launched repeated,
  • 00:59:56
    coordinated attacks on the Bible!
  • 00:59:59
    ♪♪ shoot the artillery
  • 01:00:01
    Any attack on the God of the Bible
  • 01:00:03
    or the Christ of the Bible is an attack on the Bible!
  • 01:00:05
    Any attack on the truth of scripture is an attack on scripture.
  • 01:00:09
    Even at this very moment,
  • 01:00:10
    critical scholars continue dropping their bombs on me
  • 01:00:13
    and my book.
  • 01:00:15
    It’s time to take action!
  • 01:00:17
    Me and my book will only tolerate so much.
  • 01:00:20
    Could you just tell them to stop doing what they're doing?
  • 01:00:23
    Confronting them won’t help.
  • 01:00:24
    Critical scholars are controlled by forces higher up.
  • 01:00:27
    They’re just pawns, they’re just tools, they’re just weapons.
  • 01:00:31
    You’re just a tool of the enemy,
  • 01:00:33
    but he needs your arms and mouth
  • 01:00:34
    and lips to bring that about.
  • 01:00:36
    And a lot of times they don’t even know, most of the time,
  • 01:00:38
    they don’t even know they’re being used.
  • 01:00:40
    But the real issue is a spiritual warfare.
  • 01:00:42
    And you can’t win it by just rationally arguing for instance,
  • 01:00:45
    or something like that, that doesn’t really work.
  • 01:00:47
    This truly is a spiritual battle.
  • 01:00:49
    You gonna join us in the battle?
  • 01:00:51
    ♪♪ I may never march...
  • 01:00:53
    We wrestle not against flesh and blood.
  • 01:00:55
    Spiritual warriors?
  • 01:00:57
    Yes sir!
  • 01:00:58
    The time is now!
  • 01:01:00
    For this is a day of battle!
  • 01:01:03
    Put on the whole armor of God!
  • 01:01:05
    Put on the full armor of God
  • 01:01:08
    His loins gird with truth, he has the sword.
  • 01:01:11
    And the sword is?
  • 01:01:13
    There is only one thing with which we can fight back.
  • 01:01:16
    The only offensive weapon to engage
  • 01:01:19
    in spiritual warfare
  • 01:01:21
    Reading the Bible is what carries the power.
  • 01:01:24
    The sword of the spirit.
  • 01:01:27
    ♪♪ But I’m in the Lord’s army
  • 01:01:32
    But, the Bible!
  • 01:01:38
    What in God's name?
  • 01:01:40
    [ loud applause ]
  • 01:01:42
    OK, are we having any kind of rational discussion here?
  • 01:01:46
    No Satan, we’re not.
  • 01:01:48
    That’s why it’s just not a rational discussion.
  • 01:01:50
    This is a spiritual battle
  • 01:01:52
    and it has to be fought on that plane.
  • 01:01:54
    My God, Satan, get it through your felt skull.
  • 01:01:57
    You’re wasting your time.
  • 01:01:58
    How so?
  • 01:01:59
    In war, it all boils down to one thing:
  • 01:02:03
    Whose side you on?
  • 01:02:04
    You’re either with me, or you’re against me.
  • 01:02:08
    Jesus said he that is not for me is against me.
  • 01:02:12
    It's that cold, huh?
  • 01:02:14
    It is. And everybody here... is with me.
  • 01:02:19
    Not you. Nobody wants you here anymore.
  • 01:02:21
    Checkmate, Satan! Go on home.
  • 01:02:24
    Oh, but I still have one more batch of Bible secrets.
  • 01:02:28
    You know, why don't you just go ahead and mail them to us?
  • 01:02:32
    Who loves ya kids?
  • 01:02:34
    ♪♪ Jesus loves me, this I know
  • 01:02:38
    ♪♪ For the Bible...
  • 01:02:40
    That’s a little sharp, Eddie.
  • 01:02:42
    You are going to want to hear these secrets.
  • 01:02:44
    Am I?
  • 01:02:45
    These secrets all revolve around you.
  • 01:02:47
    Gossip and rumors!
  • 01:02:48
    Big, big, big Jesus secrets.
  • 01:02:50
    (yawn) You bore me, Satan
  • 01:02:52
    ♪♪ Yes, Jesus loves me
  • 01:02:54
    Oh, Eddie, volume down 5db please.
  • 01:02:57
    ♪♪ Yes Jesus loves me
  • 01:02:58
    Listen to the right hand!
  • 01:03:00
    ♪♪ Yes Jesus loves me
  • 01:03:01
    Eddie?
  • 01:03:01
    ♪♪ Yes Jesus loves me Melody?
  • 01:03:02
    ♪♪ Yes Jesus loves me
  • 01:03:03
    Melody.
  • 01:03:03
    ♪♪ Yes Jesus loves me
  • 01:03:04
    ♪♪ The Bible tells...
  • 01:03:06
    Oh would you look at that!
  • 01:03:07
    It looks like, yep, there’s a foursome about to pass me.
  • 01:03:11
    ♪♪ Jesus loves me...
  • 01:03:12
    God’s gotta go now.
  • 01:03:14
    ♪♪ Heaven’s gate...
  • 01:03:15
    [ lightning crash ]
  • 01:03:16
    Up to this point we’ve borne witness
  • 01:03:19
    to the Bible’s errant history,
  • 01:03:20
    immoral morals and dubious authorship claims.
  • 01:03:24
    for this final round.
  • 01:03:25
    [ boxing bell dings ]
  • 01:03:26
    My opponent is not Jesus’ errant book.
  • 01:03:28
    My opponent is the errant Jesus..
  • 01:03:31
    Whoa!
  • 01:03:32
    Nah uh.
  • 01:03:32
    For reals?
  • 01:03:33
    Ha! That’s just fantastic!
  • 01:03:35
    First you would have my followers
  • 01:03:37
    believe that my book is errant,
  • 01:03:39
    and now you would have them also believe
  • 01:03:41
    their Jesus was errant too?
  • 01:03:43
    Jesus was never not perfect.
  • 01:03:45
    You saying Jesus was wrong about something?
  • 01:03:49
    I have over,.. about a dozen chapters of things
  • 01:03:53
    I think he did wrong.
  • 01:03:55
    I got a dozen chapters on that guy going straight to Hell.
  • 01:03:58
    Fry him!
  • 01:03:59
    Silencing Dr. Avalos won’t put an end to an errant Jesus.
  • 01:04:03
    Seminaries have long taught a Jesus who was wrong.
  • 01:04:07
    What about the cemeteries?
  • 01:04:09
    For a hundred plus years,
  • 01:04:11
    Christian seminaries have been teaching an errant Jesus.
  • 01:04:14
    The cemeteries say I’m wrong?
  • 01:04:16
    Spectacularly wrong.
  • 01:04:18
    Where? What subject?
  • 01:04:22
    Apocalypticism?
  • 01:04:23
    Apocuh-loptuh-what?
  • 01:04:25
    Apocalypticism.
  • 01:04:26
    Apoc-duh-lipic-cism?
  • 01:04:28
    Apocalypticism.
  • 01:04:30
    Apocalypticism?
  • 01:04:32
    Apocalypticism was a popular worldview among Jews
  • 01:04:35
    in the first century.
  • 01:04:36
    Such Jews believed
  • 01:04:38
    they were living at the end of time.
  • 01:04:40
    Some truly good people
  • 01:04:41
    got a little too wild with the apocalypticism.
  • 01:04:44
    Lot more than some. All the top players did.
  • 01:04:47
    Yet most people think it’s only kooks and nutters
  • 01:04:50
    predicting the end of the world.
  • 01:04:52
    Instead, failed apocalyptic prophecies have been offered up
  • 01:04:55
    by the biggest stars of the Christian faith.
  • 01:04:57
    That’s Billy Graham. He predicted The End?
  • 01:05:00
    Yeah, Billy said the end would come before 1952.
  • 01:05:03
    Humans gonna human.
  • 01:05:04
    Mr. Protestant Christianity himself had The End coming before 1600.
  • 01:05:09
    Christopher Columbus said it would end in 1501.
  • 01:05:11
    Columbus, seriously?
  • 01:05:13
    Francis of Assisi. Lots of Popes.
  • 01:05:16
    Saint Patrick of Saint Patty’s day fame.
  • 01:05:18
    Game clover.
  • 01:05:19
    Third century Christian star Hippolytus of Rome.
  • 01:05:22
    Second century’s Tertullian.
  • 01:05:23
    Who who and who?
  • 01:05:25
    And listening to you, Jesus.
  • 01:05:28
    You got a little too wild with the apocalypticism, didn’t you?
  • 01:05:31
    And you got a little blah blah blah with the blah blah blah...
  • 01:05:34
    Did you not preach a first century ending?
  • 01:05:36
    Did you not preach a first century ending?
  • 01:05:39
    Jesus was not a false prophet.
  • 01:05:42
    You calling Jesus a liar?
  • 01:05:43
    Pay no heed to Satan. Close your ears to his words.
  • 01:05:47
    Slanderous, deceitful, deadly words.
  • 01:05:50
    People will burn because of your lies, Satan.
  • 01:05:52
    I invent nothing.
  • 01:05:53
    Christian seminaries teach it.
  • 01:05:55
    Sorry, Satan, but that's beyond plausible.
  • 01:05:57
    Which part?
  • 01:05:58
    Christian seminaries teaching Jesus
  • 01:06:00
    making failed prophecies.
  • 01:06:02
    Failed apocalyptic prophecies
  • 01:06:04
    Some of them that stand here...
  • 01:06:06
    End of the world prophecies?
  • 01:06:08
    That failed to come to pass.
  • 01:06:09
    Christian seminaries teach that?
  • 01:06:11
    About Jesus?
  • 01:06:13
    That's a seminary secret?
  • 01:06:14
    The biggest one!
  • 01:06:16
    Jesus told his followers the end would happen soon.
  • 01:06:20
    And soon didn’t happen.
  • 01:06:23
    That’s the seminary’s... biggest… secret.
  • 01:06:29
    If Jesus said that it would be soon and it didn’t happen,
  • 01:06:32
    then he was wrong, uhm, about that.
  • 01:06:36
    Jesus was wrong?
  • 01:06:38
    There’s no scriptural proof for anything that you're saying.
  • 01:06:40
    It’s not in the Bible.
  • 01:06:42
    Jesus’ failed prophecies are in the Bible.
  • 01:06:44
    Where?
  • 01:06:45
    Hiding in plain site.
  • 01:06:46
    What verse? Where?
  • 01:06:47
    I’m going to show you.
  • 01:06:48
    It's not in the Bible.
  • 01:06:49
    Hey, first things first.
  • 01:06:50
    Let’s look at the reason
  • 01:06:52
    this whole gigantic Christian thing got rolling.
  • 01:06:55
    Shout out to me!
  • 01:06:56
    Because Jesus.
  • 01:06:57
    Jesus is the reason.
  • 01:06:59
    Which leads us to the most important event
  • 01:07:01
    for all Christians.
  • 01:07:03
    The resurrection!
  • 01:07:04
    It’s the single biggest event in the Bible.
  • 01:07:07
    It’s the reason for Christianity.
  • 01:07:08
    The resurrection!
  • 01:07:10
    It’s Jesus’ resurrection!
  • 01:07:12
    The Bible says Jesus of Nazareth
  • 01:07:15
    was resurrected from the dead!
  • 01:07:16
    Huh, no way you say?!
  • 01:07:19
    The Bible says Jesus’ tomb is empty.
  • 01:07:21
    His body, vanished!
  • 01:07:24
    ♪♪ God’s not dead
  • 01:07:25
    ♪♪ No! He’s alive
  • 01:07:28
    ♪♪ God’s not dead
  • 01:07:29
    ♪♪ No! He’s alive
  • 01:07:31
    ♪♪ God’s not dead
  • 01:07:33
    ♪♪ No!
  • 01:07:33
    The earliest discussion
  • 01:07:34
    we have of the resurrection is provided
  • 01:07:36
    by Paul in First Corinthians 15.
  • 01:07:39
    ♪♪ God’s not dead
  • 01:07:40
    ♪♪ No! He’s alive
  • 01:07:42
    ♪♪ God’s not...
  • 01:07:43
    His argument is striking
  • 01:07:44
    since he makes no mention of an empty tomb.
  • 01:07:47
    The oldest mention of Jesus’ resurrection
  • 01:07:49
    comes from Christianity’s number two man.
  • 01:07:52
    The guy with the most books in the New Testament,
  • 01:07:54
    Paul never mentions, not once, the empty tomb.
  • 01:07:57
    ♪♪ I feel him in the Church
  • 01:07:59
    ♪♪ I feel him on the street
  • 01:08:01
    ♪♪ I feel...
  • 01:08:01
    Hold on. Back up. Empty what?
  • 01:08:02
    Tomb, dude.
  • 01:08:04
    Toooomb.
  • 01:08:05
    And then there was an empty tomb.
  • 01:08:08
    Empty tomb. OK yeah, so?
  • 01:08:11
    I was in here totally dead.
  • 01:08:13
    And then, POOF!
  • 01:08:16
    The tomb was empty.
  • 01:08:20
    Uh, I’m sorry, who was in the tomb?
  • 01:08:23
    (sighs) Jesus.
  • 01:08:25
    I will eternally be amazed that you Paul,
  • 01:08:28
    you never mention the central,
  • 01:08:30
    core story about the resurrection.
  • 01:08:32
    It is odd Paul never wrote about the empty tomb.
  • 01:08:35
    It’s super important to know.
  • 01:08:37
    Maybe he just forgot about it.
  • 01:08:39
    The empty tomb’s in the Bible. Doesn't matter what part.
  • 01:08:41
    You guys are so focused on a single empty tomb.
  • 01:08:45
    You’re gonna miss out on the main event.
  • 01:08:47
    I thought Jesus's resurrection was the main event.
  • 01:08:50
    So you got something bigger than the empty tomb, Paul?
  • 01:08:53
    I do.
  • 01:08:54
    Very soon, possibly tonight
  • 01:08:55
    ♪♪ [ scary organ music ] ♪♪
  • 01:08:57
    All the tombs will be emptied.
  • 01:08:58
    All the tombs.
  • 01:09:00
    More than one tomb.
  • 01:09:01
    ♪♪ [ scary organ music ] ♪♪
  • 01:09:03
    Resurrection in a first century Jewish context
  • 01:09:06
    is not about some guy rising from the dead in the middle of history.
  • 01:09:10
    It’s about a corporate event.
  • 01:09:13
    Corporate?
  • 01:09:14
    It’s kind of a group thing.
  • 01:09:15
    ♪♪ [ scary organ music ] ♪♪
  • 01:09:18
    As a Jew, Paul was deeply committed
  • 01:09:21
    to the resurrection of the dead,
  • 01:09:22
    an ancient belief.
  • 01:09:23
    So stinky! What’s the point in digging up dead people?
  • 01:09:26
    Because everyone, dead or alive
  • 01:09:28
    faces judgment for their earthly lives
  • 01:09:30
    ♪♪ [ scary organ music ] ♪♪
  • 01:09:32
    when The End comes.
  • 01:09:34
    The final judgment
  • 01:09:35
    The end of the world
  • 01:09:37
    Before becoming a Christian, Paul was an apocalyptic Jew.
  • 01:09:41
    What would an apocalyptic Jew conclude
  • 01:09:43
    if he or she came to believe
  • 01:09:45
    that God had now raised someone?
  • 01:09:47
    For Paul, the resurrection of Jesus was not an isolated event.
  • 01:09:51
    Since one person has already been raised,
  • 01:09:53
    the rest cannot be far behind
  • 01:09:55
    The End is at hand.
  • 01:09:56
    Since the resurrection of the dead was to come at the end of the age,
  • 01:10:00
    and since somebody had now been raised from the dead,
  • 01:10:03
    then The End must have already begun.
  • 01:10:06
    But The End didn't begin? Did it?
  • 01:10:09
    It did for Paul.
  • 01:10:10
    1 Corinthians 15 where Paul connects Jesus’ resurrection
  • 01:10:14
    with the general resurrection very clearly.
  • 01:10:17
    He’s the first fruits.
  • 01:10:18
    Thus, he speaks of Jesus as the first fruits of the resurrection
  • 01:10:22
    Christ has been raised from the dead,
  • 01:10:24
    the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep.
  • 01:10:28
    If the harvest has started,
  • 01:10:30
    then the rest of the harvest has to come soon.
  • 01:10:32
    Jesus was the first fruits of the resurrection
  • 01:10:35
    in the sense that all the others would soon be gathered in.
  • 01:10:39
    He goes back and forth between
  • 01:10:41
    the general resurrection and Jesus’ resurrection
  • 01:10:43
    because they’re not really yet
  • 01:10:45
    two completely isolated events for him.
  • 01:10:48
    They become that way in church history,
  • 01:10:49
    the more time passes, the easier it is to think,
  • 01:10:53
    well there’s Jesus’ resurrection way back there,
  • 01:10:55
    and then there’s ours down there
  • 01:10:57
    but that’s not what’s going on in the first
  • 01:11:00
    two or three decades of the church.
  • 01:11:03
    Paul and the early Christian church believed
  • 01:11:05
    Jesus’ resurrection was the start of the resurrections.
  • 01:11:09
    All the tombs.
  • 01:11:11
    And the beginning of The End.
  • 01:11:14
    The End could come tonight
  • 01:11:16
    Like really tonight
  • 01:11:17
    Tonight was a long time ago, Paul.
  • 01:11:20
    Undoubtedly, Paul felt, that this world would pass soon
  • 01:11:23
    even in his own lifetime.
  • 01:11:26
    Wow.
  • 01:11:27
    That would mean...
  • 01:11:30
    Paul was wrong about The End?
  • 01:11:33
    Wrong a lot, in multiple letters
  • 01:11:35
    We which are alive and remain shall be caught up
  • 01:11:38
    together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air.
  • 01:11:42
    ♪♪ [ Rapture Cloud Express ] ♪♪
  • 01:11:44
    ♪♪ We’re going to a mansion
  • 01:11:46
    ♪♪ on the rapture cloud express
  • 01:11:52
    Pentecostals, Evangelicals, Baptists, all Bible-believers
  • 01:11:56
    right this way.
  • 01:11:57
    Young earth creationists, rapture time!
  • 01:12:00
    You’re taking my baby?
  • 01:12:02
    Sorry, no Episcopalians.
  • 01:12:05
    I couldn’t have done it without you, Mom.
  • 01:12:08
    For Paul, the hour was not about to strike.
  • 01:12:11
    It had already struck in the raising of Jesus from the dead.
  • 01:12:16
    He believed that he was living in the end of time
  • 01:12:19
    and that he would be alive
  • 01:12:20
    when Jesus returned from Heaven.
  • 01:12:22
    Yep, looks like we’re getting left behind.
  • 01:12:24
    Don’t worry, we’ll feed your cats!
  • 01:12:27
    The church that emerged in Jesus’ wake was apocalyptic.
  • 01:12:31
    Early Christianity was an End Times movement.
  • 01:12:34
    It’s the end of the world!
  • 01:12:36
    We’re still here, Paul, reading your letters.
  • 01:12:39
    We which are alive and remain
  • 01:12:41
    ♪♪ We’re going to a mansion
  • 01:12:43
    ♪♪ on the rapture cloud express
  • 01:12:48
    Paul was key to Christianity’s early success.
  • 01:12:51
    Only Jesus outranks me.
  • 01:12:53
    But Paul, got Jesus wrong.
  • 01:12:55
    Jesus’ resurrection was not the beginning of more resurrections.
  • 01:12:59
    Jesus’ resurrection was not the beginning of The End.
  • 01:13:03
    What’s with all the apocalypticism?
  • 01:13:05
    Early Christianity was bathed in apocalypticism.
  • 01:13:09
    Bathed, and baptized.
  • 01:13:12
    John the Baptist, like Paul, was an apocalyptic Jew.
  • 01:13:16
    John baptized Jesus!
  • 01:13:17
    In the Jordan River.
  • 01:13:18
    Awe, I hate baths.
  • 01:13:20
    Then cometh Jesus from Galilee to Jordan
  • 01:13:23
    unto John to be baptized of him.
  • 01:13:25
    Jesus went out into wilderness to be baptized by this prophet.
  • 01:13:29
    But why did he go?
  • 01:13:31
    ‘Cause I’m rad.
  • 01:13:32
    John’s rad too.
  • 01:13:33
    Most followers on the Jordan.
  • 01:13:35
    This is on its face a very compelling sign
  • 01:13:38
    that Jesus followed in the ways of John.
  • 01:13:40
    Did not the former submit to the latter’s baptism
  • 01:13:43
    because the former believed what the latter taught?
  • 01:13:46
    He must have gone to John instead of to someone else
  • 01:13:49
    because he agreed with John's message.
  • 01:13:51
    What is your message, Baptist?
  • 01:13:53
    The ax is laid unto the root of the trees.
  • 01:13:56
    Judgment is imminent
  • 01:13:58
    the ax is at the root of the tree.
  • 01:14:01
    The axe is laid at the root of the tree.
  • 01:14:03
    In other words,
  • 01:14:04
    the lumberjack is ready to start chopping now!
  • 01:14:08
    Is that good?
  • 01:14:09
    Can't say the lumberjack thinks it is.
  • 01:14:12
    I never got to use this stupid ax.
  • 01:14:15
    Weren't all the apocalypticists wrong?
  • 01:14:18
    First century Jewish apocalypticists
  • 01:14:20
    expected a first century ending.
  • 01:14:22
    Soooo, yes?
  • 01:14:24
    So what!
  • 01:14:25
    So there’s a lot of apocalypticism going on with early Christianity.
  • 01:14:29
    Now watch this.
  • 01:14:30
    The only connection between the apocalyptic John
  • 01:14:33
    and the apocalyptic Christian church
  • 01:14:35
    was Jesus himself.
  • 01:14:37
    I do bring people together.
  • 01:14:39
    How could both the beginning
  • 01:14:41
    and the end be apocalyptic
  • 01:14:42
    if the middle was not as well?
  • 01:14:46
    It would be surprising indeed, if there were no continuity
  • 01:14:50
    Jesus himself must have been a Jewish apocalypticist.
  • 01:14:55
    An errant Jewish apocalypticist.
  • 01:14:58
    [ thud ]
  • 01:15:01
    Oh sure, why not?
  • 01:15:03
    I mean when you pair me with errant humans,
  • 01:15:05
    of course you’re gonna get an errant Jesus.
  • 01:15:07
    You are the only that connects the two wrong apocalypticists.
  • 01:15:10
    Two wrongs making me right.
  • 01:15:14
    John, was wrong
  • 01:15:16
    The ax is laid unto the root of the trees.
  • 01:15:19
    Paul, wrong again.
  • 01:15:20
    We which are alive and remain
  • 01:15:22
    shall be caught up to meet the Lord in the air.
  • 01:15:25
    And you too, J-Man.
  • 01:15:27
    Your book has you saying
  • 01:15:29
    The End would happen in the first century.
  • 01:15:31
    Bull-pucky!
  • 01:15:32
    The Bible says no such thing.
  • 01:15:33
    You said you had Bible verses, Satan.
  • 01:15:35
    Show us!
  • 01:15:36
    The Bible verses, Satan.
  • 01:15:37
    I bet the seminary guy from Princeton has them.
  • 01:15:40
    He just might.
  • 01:15:42
    Dr. Allison, could you show us Bible verses
  • 01:15:45
    where Jesus makes failed apocalyptic prophecies?
  • 01:15:48
    Well, one is Mark 9:1 which says
  • 01:15:51
    there are some standing here who will not taste death until
  • 01:15:54
    they see the kingdom of God has come with power.
  • 01:15:57
    There be some of them that stand here.
  • 01:16:00
    Standing where?
  • 01:16:01
    Standing here!
  • 01:16:02
    Zip it, Satan.
  • 01:16:03
    Keep it down.
  • 01:16:04
    OK, what about us?
  • 01:16:05
    Some of you shall not taste of death
  • 01:16:08
    ‘til they have seen the kingdom of God
  • 01:16:11
    come with power!
  • 01:16:13
    Oh, and what happened next?!
  • 01:16:15
    As would become something of a pattern
  • 01:16:17
    for Christian people going forward,..
  • 01:16:21
    Nothing happened.
  • 01:16:23
    The kingdom of God...
  • 01:16:24
    ... did not come with power.
  • 01:16:27
    My Study Bible says
  • 01:16:28
    the kingdom of God did come with power.
  • 01:16:31
    Wow, how did I miss that?
  • 01:16:32
    Was it invisible?
  • 01:16:34
    Well, yeah, kind of.
  • 01:16:36
    The Holy Ghost coming to Earth for the first time
  • 01:16:38
    that was the kingdom of God!
  • 01:16:40
    When some of Jesus' first followers were still alive!
  • 01:16:42
    And now for us Christians today, the kingdom of God is Heaven.
  • 01:16:46
    Where Jesus is.
  • 01:16:47
    My Papoo’s in Heaven.
  • 01:16:50
    Many people today think that the kingdom of God refers to Heaven.
  • 01:16:54
    That you die and your soul goes to Heaven,
  • 01:16:56
    and so that’s the kingdom of Heaven
  • 01:16:58
    which is the kingdom of God.
  • 01:17:00
    But it’s not what early Jewish apocalypticists thought.
  • 01:17:03
    First century Jewish apocalypticists thought that when The End came,
  • 01:17:08
    a physical kingdom of God would land, plop, here on Earth.
  • 01:17:12
    Heaven on Earth?
  • 01:17:14
    We still get to fly?
  • 01:17:16
    Early Jewish apocalypticists,
  • 01:17:18
    such as the author of the Book of Daniel,
  • 01:17:20
    the Book of Revelation, Jesus himself
  • 01:17:22
    thought that the kingdom of God was an actual kingdom.
  • 01:17:25
    A restoration that would be earthly, not heavenly
  • 01:17:28
    Inhabited by the dead come back to life.
  • 01:17:30
    Did Daddy's battle end all war?
  • 01:17:34
    Yeah, that’s cute kid, very cute.
  • 01:17:36
    Jesus talks about people eating and drinking
  • 01:17:38
    in the coming kingdom of God.
  • 01:17:40
    And I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine,
  • 01:17:43
    until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father’s kingdom.
  • 01:17:48
    Jesus talks about people being admitted into the kingdom of God,
  • 01:17:52
    people being thrown out of the kingdom of God.
  • 01:17:54
    When ye shall see Abraham and all the prophets
  • 01:17:56
    in the kingdom of God, and you yourselves, thrust out.
  • 01:18:01
    It’s the place here on Earth where God actually is the ruler.
  • 01:18:04
    So, no bird sushi?
  • 01:18:07
    Do you want to be thrust out?
  • 01:18:10
    Maybe.
  • 01:18:14
    That's harsh.
  • 01:18:16
    Jewish apocalypticists thought the kingdom of God
  • 01:18:18
    was a physical kingdom.
  • 01:18:20
    And for Jesus, the kingdom was coming soon.
  • 01:18:23
    It is pretty evident that Jesus and those around him
  • 01:18:25
    lived with what we may fairly call
  • 01:18:27
    a millenarian vision or apocalyptic scenario.
  • 01:18:31
    There’s also the famous saying in Matthew 10:23,
  • 01:18:35
    You will not have finished going through all the
  • 01:18:38
    cities of Israel until the son of man comes.
  • 01:18:41
    But when they persecute you in this city,
  • 01:18:44
    flee into another.
  • 01:18:45
    For verify I say unto you,
  • 01:18:47
    ye shall not have gone over the cities of Israel,
  • 01:18:49
    ‘til the son of man be come.
  • 01:18:54
    Before going through all the cities of Israel,
  • 01:18:56
    The End will come?
  • 01:18:57
    How many cities does Israel have?
  • 01:19:00
    Gotta be a couple billion.
  • 01:19:03
    Mark once again has Jesus predicting the end is near
  • 01:19:06
    during his testimony before the Supreme Council.
  • 01:19:09
    And ye shall see the son of man sitting on the right hand of power,
  • 01:19:13
    and coming in the clouds of Heaven.
  • 01:19:16
    Wait, the right hand of what?
  • 01:19:17
    The son of man, sitting on the right hand of power!
  • 01:19:20
    And doing what exactly?
  • 01:19:22
    And coming in the clouds of Heaven!
  • 01:19:25
    Mm hmm.
  • 01:19:26
    Okay.
  • 01:19:26
    The court recognizes Professor Allison.
  • 01:19:29
    The kingdom of God did not soon come,
  • 01:19:32
    and no one saw the son of man upon the clouds of heaven.
  • 01:19:35
    He's right.
  • 01:19:37
    I never saw nobody riding a carpet of clouds.
  • 01:19:40
    And my eyes never closed.
  • 01:19:44
    Like John the Baptist before him, and like Paul after him,
  • 01:19:48
    the Bible quotes Jesus as saying his generation
  • 01:19:51
    would be the last generation.
  • 01:19:54
    Jesus did not speak of a golden age
  • 01:19:55
    which might just as well come later as sooner.
  • 01:19:58
    For him salvation was close at hand.
  • 01:20:01
    His generation, upon whom the eschatological tribulation had come,
  • 01:20:04
    would be the last generation.
  • 01:20:06
    Uh, one more time Professor Allison?
  • 01:20:08
    His generation, upon whom the eschatological tribulation had come,
  • 01:20:11
    would be the last generation.
  • 01:20:13
    Verily I say unto you that this generation
  • 01:20:16
    shall not pass ‘til all these things be done.
  • 01:20:19
    Which generation was that?
  • 01:20:21
    This generation, that generation
  • 01:20:23
    I mean whose generation really, guys?
  • 01:20:29
    But the other thing is that
  • 01:20:30
    the Gospels are full of eschatological statements.
  • 01:20:33
    There’s a great interest in the last judgment.
  • 01:20:36
    There are dozens of sayings
  • 01:20:38
    and parables that are about the last judgment.
  • 01:20:41
    And if you think about this as an historian,
  • 01:20:45
    it’s just the case that people
  • 01:20:46
    who talk this much about The End
  • 01:20:49
    think of it as near.
  • 01:20:53
    Not 2000 years into the future?
  • 01:20:56
    That’s it!
  • 01:20:57
    People are not this interested
  • 01:21:00
    in something unless it’s impinging upon the present.
  • 01:21:06
    Jesus, like other Jewish apocalypticists,
  • 01:21:09
    readied the people for an end, that never came.
  • 01:21:13
    Jesus was wrong.
  • 01:21:14
    You're going to hell, Betty.
  • 01:21:15
    It's the seminary secret, Jen.
  • 01:21:17
    The apocalyptic Jesus!
  • 01:21:19
    Wait ‘til the bros here about this!
  • 01:21:20
    Hear about this
  • 01:21:21
    Wait ‘til Pastor Mark hears about it!
  • 01:21:23
    He already knows.
  • 01:21:25
    Some Christians say it is possible...
  • 01:21:30
    Jesus made a super insignificant, boo-boo.
  • 01:21:34
    You're fired.
  • 01:21:34
    Goodbye health insurance.
  • 01:21:36
    Get hurt.
  • 01:21:37
    I feel sick.
  • 01:21:38
    That’s it. Seriously Satan, I’m over it!
  • 01:21:41
    I’ll uh, I’ll make my own exit, thanks.
  • 01:21:43
    Students, the honor has been all mine.
  • 01:21:46
    And I leave you now with four crucial words.
  • 01:21:51
    Four and go, Satan!
  • 01:21:54
    Run for the hills.
  • 01:21:59
    Did you say run?
  • 01:22:00
    Run for the hills?
  • 01:22:01
    Why?
  • 01:22:02
    What are you trying to say?
  • 01:22:05
    I'm for sure getting grounded.
  • 01:22:10
    Look kids, I can read your minds.
  • 01:22:13
    And it grieves me,
  • 01:22:14
    how easily Satan was able to shake your faith.
  • 01:22:17
    Satan sows doubt. That’s his gig!
  • 01:22:19
    He said so himself. He’s against us.
  • 01:22:22
    So why are you thinking what you’re thinking?
  • 01:22:27
    Out with it! No more secrets.
  • 01:22:29
    Bobby, you first.
  • 01:22:31
    Did the Exodus really never happen?
  • 01:22:33
    Well, remember Chicago?
  • 01:22:35
    I got a perfect ten in world history.
  • 01:22:38
    Were Israelites just Canaanites?
  • 01:22:41
    Ites, schmites
  • 01:22:42
    Did the Canaanites need to be exterminated?
  • 01:22:45
    Yeah, that was a little unfortunate.
  • 01:22:47
    How about all those forgeries in your book?
  • 01:22:49
    Forgery’s such an aggressive word.
  • 01:22:50
    Were you cool with human sacrifice?
  • 01:22:53
    Hell yeah, like hello?!
  • 01:22:55
    Did you really pick out that shirt for Willie?
  • 01:22:57
    No one can say to God,
  • 01:22:59
    you should have let me live longer.
  • 01:23:01
    Am I allowed to ask God why?
  • 01:23:03
    Because I totally thought you were all about morals.
  • 01:23:06
    Great moral teachers were not crucified.
  • 01:23:09
    Apocalypticists were.
  • 01:23:10
    Could you nix the couple of lines about baby smashing?
  • 01:23:13
    And all of Joshua
  • 01:23:15
    Cause genocide is wrong, right?
  • 01:23:17
    Right-minded readers
  • 01:23:18
    But what about
  • 01:23:19
    read right
  • 01:23:19
    Daniel being wrong.
  • 01:23:20
    And not even being Daniel!
  • 01:23:22
    For reals.
  • 01:23:23
    How can there be fake Paul letters in the Bible?
  • 01:23:25
    And how can Paul be wrong about the time of The End?
  • 01:23:27
    John the Baptist too...
  • 01:23:28
    Come on! Were you here for any of this?
  • 01:23:30
    But your book quotes you as being wrong.
  • 01:23:32
    about a dozen chapters of things he did wrong.
  • 01:23:35
    Were you wrong about the time of The End?
  • 01:23:37
    Did you think the world was ending?
  • 01:23:41
    This generation shall not pass.
  • 01:23:43
    [ TV powers off ]
  • 01:23:46
    Maybe you didn't say that stuff?
  • 01:23:48
    [ Jesus imitates phone ringer ]
  • 01:23:49
    Is it really true that you were errant?
  • 01:23:51
    Oh that’s my phone ringing, kids.
  • 01:23:53
    It’s, it’s my attorney.
  • 01:23:54
    Your phone is not on.
  • 01:23:55
    Were you errant, Jesus?
  • 01:23:56
    Hey kids, I gotta bounce, and uh, good times.
  • 01:23:59
    Later.
  • 01:24:00
    Jesus was wrong.
  • 01:24:01
    It’s right for God to slaughter women and children any time he pleases.
  • 01:24:06
    You think those fishermen really learned how to write Greek?
  • 01:24:10
    Children die all the time
  • 01:24:12
    I’m gonna take a stab at writing Second Daniel.
  • 01:24:14
    Oh, please...
  • 01:24:15
    Out of the Midwest will arise a six-time champion
  • 01:24:18
    He's perfectly right to institute capital punishment.
  • 01:24:21
    His fame will extend to footwear.
  • 01:24:24
    Smashing babies, so unnecessary.
  • 01:24:26
    If the Good Book is bad...
  • 01:24:28
    How do we be good?
  • 01:24:31
    How do we be good?
  • 01:24:40
    Satan’s 2 Commandments?
  • 01:24:43
    Our morals should be based on empathy.
  • 01:24:46
    Empathy for the suffering of other human beings.
  • 01:24:50
    And the Golden Rule!
  • 01:24:53
    it is a humanistic principle.
  • 01:24:55
    No book needed.
  • 01:24:56
    No book needed.
  • 01:24:58
    No book needed.
  • 01:25:02
    Depart from me, you evil-doers.
  • 01:25:05
    Jen?!
  • 01:25:07
    [ low thud ]
  • 01:25:08
    [ low thud ]
  • 01:25:12
    I never knew you.
  • 01:25:19
    Inerrant.
  • 01:25:21
    Inerrant.
  • 01:25:23
    We should have ran.
  • 01:25:25
    For the hills.
  • 01:25:26
    For the hills.
  • 01:25:26
    We shoulda ran for the hills.
  • 01:25:28
    For reals.
  • 01:25:31
    ♪♪ This little light of mine
  • 01:25:35
    ♪♪ I'm gonna let it shine.
  • 01:25:38
    ♪♪ This little light of mine
  • 01:25:41
    ♪♪ I'm gonna let it shine.
  • 01:25:45
    ♪♪ This little light of mine.
  • 01:25:48
    ♪♪ I'm gonna let it shine.
Tags
  • Sunday school
  • Satan
  • Biblical interpretation
  • Faith
  • Moral dilemmas
  • Historical accuracy
  • Jesus
  • Evangelical teaching
  • Bible secrets