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[Music]
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[Music]
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so I
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a244 here at Eastern Michigan is a
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Windows class per se Microsoft Windows
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but technically this is system
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administration and at the heart of every
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system admin's daily tasks are dealing
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with servers of all kinds network
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servers web servers mail servers all
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kinds of that and when I say all kinds
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all all kinds of flavors everything
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everything from Linux to Unix to Windows
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to redhead and everything in between so
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what this week is going to be and
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hopefully the majority of this semester
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is an agnostic look at the heart of what
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every server actually is meaning the
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kernel at least this week we're going to
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be exploring the kernel now the
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Microsoft kernel the kernel not the
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operating system itself of course the
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kernel is the heart the nucleus of the
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operating system but the Microsoft
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kernel was actually based on something
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called the
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cp/m or the product was actually called
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control for micro computers now that was
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I'm going to say a unique and objective
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and and kind of like a central
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repository for products such as the
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Osborne one and the K Pro 2 and the
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original IBM PCS now these were all
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brands from the70s Microsoft then borrow
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concepts of its networking structure for
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their uh for their Windows NT inspired
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products from Unix of all places
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speaking of Unix before there was such a
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thing as Unix there was what they called
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Mainframe IBM's Mainframe and that kind
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of goes all the way back to the 60s and
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70s of all places when Educators
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mathematicians scientists and Architects
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and the like all had to borrow time
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meaning they had to take turns to use a
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so-called dumb terminal which would have
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wires that connected to a to the main
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frame which was actually a time sharing
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device everyone had an opportunity to
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compute on this main frame now the main
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frame was only there to do calculations
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that the human being couldn't do and you
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have to keep in mind this is before
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actually calculators you could you know
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when I I was born in 71 so I remember
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when I was uh about 11 11 or 12 I got my
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first calculator and I remember it was
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very expensive it was probably 200 bucks
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for a calculator an actual calculator
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not a computer not like nowadays you can
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get like a Chromebook or something for
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like
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$150 uh you could get a Raspberry Pi for
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for a couple hundred bucks no I'm
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talking about an actual calculator that
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was maybe the size of your hand and all
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I could do was add addition subtraction
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division multiplication if you were
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lucky it would have the memory function
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it might have the square root function
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but that's about it that was the
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importance of a Mainframe because you
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could do those important calculations
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you know imagine calculations for space
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exploration calculations for computing
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I'm going to say airline flights you
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know back then you know movie theaters
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uh Airlines all you know education
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Hospital
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Financial they all use Mainframe now
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Mainframe was used a lot in a lot of
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places for Education too so when I was
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picturing uh things people like
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mathematicians scientists and Architects
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these would have been at like
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universities back then you know you you
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didn't have the main frame in your house
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or anything maybe if you're lucky if
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you're working for one of those big ad
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agencies and U Back if you ever watched
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the show Madmen they might have had
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certain axises to Mainframe but even
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that was rare you know you had to go to
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a certain special place like a
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university to get a hold of this
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Mainframe so your window you know to the
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main frame was imagine a dumb terminal
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it all a dumb terminal was was this uh
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monitor with a keyboard and there was no
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processing power at all on the keyboard
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everything was literally uh all the
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zeros and ones all the keystrokes in in
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the I'm sorry I just got a text and I
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was distracted for a second all the
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keystrokes that were given U represented
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zeros and ones let's say and it was the
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processing power was either directly
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connected to the main frame or all the
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calculations you did were done on Punch
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Cards and you actually brought the punch
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cards to the main frame and you fed the
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punch card into the main frame and the
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main frame would spit out some sort of a
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some sort of an answer for you it was
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the Mainframe essentially was the
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world's biggest calculator because
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nobody had calculators back then then
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there were companies like Sinclair that
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made personal computers slightly more
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powerful than the dumb Terminals and
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they so in other words you actually had
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local computing power a little bit and
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not very much but then Ken Thompson in
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all is Brilliance came out with
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something called Unix Unix uh was more
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powerful than in the main frame so you
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actually had a personal computer that
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you could actually consider a
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workstation now you can finally do
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things like you know 3D graphics and you
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know you can actually H run actual
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applications that you might consider
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like maybe kind of like something like
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you know organizing files and things
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like that you know that you could do
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with your computer today but the main
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thing that Unix had what that was in
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with the main frame was that you could
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use multi it was mult made for
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multi-users and so you had you could
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have people log in or work on it and you
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could do use time sharing algorithms so
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that more than one person could utilize
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one machine so Unix was kind of like the
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grand popularized it it it kind of made
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Mainframe accessible to universities and
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and all that who didn't have the budget
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for Mainframe okay um however the other
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thing that Unix did Unix created a
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cultural shift kind of like the Beatles
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did for rock and roll so Unix
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facilitated uh and basic basically when
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I say this I'm going to use this phrase
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they facilitated correlated advances
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okay see Ken Thompson as I mentioned
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before was the absolute genius who
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nearly single-handedly wrote the
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original proof of concept or POC of Unix
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but it was written in a language called
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be It Was His companion Dennis Richie
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that wrote C and totally helped him
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improve the original you know um the
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original I'm going to say iteration of
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Unix and and this Dennis Richie because
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he he created C to write the next
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invention or the next iteration of Unix
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he you know by doing that they exploded
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capabilities um maintainability or
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portability of Unix but he also see
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inspired other languages like C++ Java
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python CP go Ruby rust everything every
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language you pretty much see today all
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have lineage traced directly to Dennis
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Richie and all of that thanks to Unix
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which necessitated the writing of c um
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if you place Dennis Richie Ken Thompson
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and maybe the originator of the ethernet
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if you put them all in one room maybe
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you could have the world's largest Geek
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Squad and the person that you know what
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I'm going to look it up right now I
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cannot I've been trying to think of this
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all day ethernet Creator and it's he's
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on the top uh Robert metf Robert metf so
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if you put Robert metf Dennis Richie and
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Kent Thompson in the same room you'd
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have the world's first Geek Squad
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believe it or not and this is all
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happening in the ' 60s 7s of course you
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know the ethernet robbert meaf created
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the ethernet in the early 80s he based
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it off of the alohan net which is
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Believe It or Not A shortwave radio
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system and he said to himself hey if
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they can do if they can share you know
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information if they can transmit in
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basically you know a small area uh you
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know of distance with radio which is
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what the alohanet was he said we can
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transmit information from PC to PC with
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simple like TI cable and he created the
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world's first ethernet but that being
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said Dennis Richie Ken Thompson and what
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it's been a long day even though I had
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today was my day off Robert mcaf so you
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got Robert Robert mcaf Ken Thompson and
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Dennis Richie that would make a hell of
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a Geek Squad but anyways back to Unix
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and Microsoft and all those all that um
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you know that fun area believe it or not
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have you ever heard of xenix xenix was
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Microsoft answer Microsoft's answer to
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Unix because it was kind of like a joint
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venture and then the xenix project was
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actually sold to IBM uh as an inspired
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their os2 offerings if you've had ever
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heard of products like db2 and whatnot
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and Microsoft began their quote unquote
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race to the NT kernel because uh and and
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I'll I'll give you a good shortcut uh in
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the uh right up above here because they
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wanted to integrate networking meaning
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multi-user into their kernel hence
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Windows NT which came out in 1993 and
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thus was the basis for all Windows
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Server kernels until Windows Server 2000
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so a little history lesson to put what
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I'm about to talk about into context
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