Marine Bacteria aka Devara

00:21:05
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Vw9aHCUwQk

Summary

TLDRIn this presentation, Gutam Sudan from Central University of Tamil Nadu discusses the diverse marine microbial community, with an emphasis on bacteria. He covers the definition of 'marine,' the structure of bacteria, their survival strategies in the ocean, and their ecological roles, such as nutrient cycling and interactions with other microorganisms. The talk also highlights the importance of marine bacteria in global oxygen production and their recent advancements in research, including discoveries of unique bacteria and biotechnological applications. The presentation concludes with a tribute to these essential organisms.

Takeaways

  • 🌊 Marine microorganisms are vital to ocean health.
  • 🔬 Bacteria are crucial in nutrient cycling processes.
  • 🌱 Photosynthetic bacteria generate significant oxygen.
  • 🧬 Unique adaptations help bacteria survive in harsh marine environments.
  • 🔄 Community interactions impact microbial diversity.
  • 🦠 Marine bacteria drive important biogeochemical cycles.
  • ✨ Innovative research reveals new species and functions.
  • 🌐 They are a promising source for biotechnological applications.
  • 🐚 Understanding marine bacteria can indicate environmental health.
  • 💡 They play a role in the climate regulation through carbon cycling.

Timeline

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The presenter introduces the topic of marine microbial communities, specifically focusing on bacteria. Marine refers to anything related to the ocean or sea, and microbial communities consist of microorganisms living together. The presentation includes an overview of marine microorganisms, their ecological roles, bacterial structures, and survival strategies in oceanic conditions.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    Key points discussed include the importance of marine microorganisms, which comprise 70-90% of ocean biomass and contribute significantly to nutrient cycling and oxygen production. The structural adaptations of oceanic bacteria, such as changes in their cell wall and membrane, are essential for survival in extreme ocean conditions. Strategies for nutrient acquisition, like photosynthesis and chemosynthesis, are highlighted along with the bacteria's role in breaking down organic matter.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    The adaptation mechanisms of bacteria to the ocean environment involve osmoregulation, temperature tolerance, and protection against UV light. The presenter discusses how bacteria form communities to enhance survival, emphasizing mutual aid among organisms. Additionally, interactions like predation and competition lead to genetic exchanges, influencing the bacterial community dynamics.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:21:05

    The ecological roles of marine bacteria in the carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus cycles are detailed. These bacteria play a vital role in sustaining marine life and contribute to global processes such as climate regulation and oxygen production. The presentation concludes with advancements in research on marine bacteria, emphasizing their biotechnological potential and significance in ecological health.

Show more

Mind Map

Video Q&A

  • What is a marine microorganism?

    Marine microorganisms are organisms that live in oceanic environments and include bacteria, archaea, fungi, and various other species.

  • How do bacteria survive in the ocean?

    Bacteria survive in the ocean through various strategies including nutrient acquisition, photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, and adaptation to extreme conditions.

  • What is the role of bacteria in nutrient cycling?

    Bacteria play a crucial role in nutrient cycling by decomposing organic matter, which restores vital nutrients in the marine ecosystem.

  • What adaptations do marine bacteria have?

    Marine bacteria adapt through osmoregulation, temperature tolerance, and membrane liquid changes, among other strategies.

  • Why are marine bacteria important for global oxygen production?

    Marine bacteria, particularly through photosynthesis, contribute significantly to global oxygen production.

  • What are recent discoveries related to marine bacteria?

    Recent discoveries include the largest bacterium, changes in community structures, and genetic adaptations like arsenic respiration.

  • What ecological roles do marine bacteria have?

    Marine bacteria are essential for carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles, impacting the marine food web and climate.

  • What kinds of bacteria are found in marine environments?

    Marine bacteria vary by energy source and habitat, including phototrophs, chemotrophs, heterotrophs, and specialized bacteria like methanogens.

  • How do marine bacteria affect environmental health?

    Marine bacteria act as indicators of environmental health by monitoring microbial communities.

  • What potential applications do marine bacteria have in biotechnology?

    Marine bacteria can produce enzymes, antibiotics, and other compounds useful in medicine and industry.

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  • 00:00:00
    morning everyone I'm gutam Sudan from
  • 00:00:03
    Central University of Tamil Nadu today
  • 00:00:06
    I'm going to explain Mar microbial
  • 00:00:08
    Community particularly
  • 00:00:12
    bacteria let's recod the topic so first
  • 00:00:15
    what is Marine so Marine is a term which
  • 00:00:18
    is used to describe the thing which is
  • 00:00:19
    related to Ocean or sea and it could be
  • 00:00:23
    a plant or animal or anything which is
  • 00:00:26
    related to the sea or ocean and what is
  • 00:00:29
    microbial commun
  • 00:00:30
    so microbial Community are the group of
  • 00:00:32
    the microorganisms that live together in
  • 00:00:35
    a shared environment and interact with
  • 00:00:38
    each other so as you can see it is very
  • 00:00:41
    interesting to observe and know what is
  • 00:00:43
    under the ocean and so the organisms and
  • 00:00:47
    I feel very interesting to start this
  • 00:00:49
    topic and I hope you'll also uh feel
  • 00:00:53
    that by this end of this
  • 00:00:58
    presentation as we proceed for
  • 00:01:01
    further these are the contents which we
  • 00:01:04
    deal uh with in this presentation the
  • 00:01:06
    introduction and the bacterial structure
  • 00:01:09
    and how the bacteria survives in the
  • 00:01:11
    ocean and the different types of
  • 00:01:13
    bacteria their ecological roles on going
  • 00:01:18
    research so the overview is like the
  • 00:01:21
    microorgan which are present in the
  • 00:01:23
    ocean or C are considered as Marine
  • 00:01:25
    microorganism and they are diverse
  • 00:01:27
    because they include bacteria Ara prota
  • 00:01:30
    fungi and a lot of animals are also
  • 00:01:33
    involved in this and the importance is
  • 00:01:35
    like these makeup 70 to 90% of the
  • 00:01:38
    biomass in the ocean and they're also
  • 00:01:41
    crucial for the nutrient cycling uh most
  • 00:01:43
    of the ocean photosynthesis and for the
  • 00:01:47
    global oxygen production so these are
  • 00:01:49
    the major contributors and Marine
  • 00:01:51
    microbiome is a collective term which is
  • 00:01:54
    used to refer these Marine
  • 00:01:55
    microorganisms their lifestyle and their
  • 00:01:58
    eological rules
  • 00:02:03
    so coming into the structure so here you
  • 00:02:06
    can see uh the cell wall cell membrane
  • 00:02:09
    and the usual 7s ribosome make a DNA and
  • 00:02:13
    the motility structure Flaga so you can
  • 00:02:16
    ask what is the difference from this
  • 00:02:19
    bacteria in the ocean to the bacteria in
  • 00:02:22
    the terrestrial ecosystem so we will
  • 00:02:25
    discuss this in the further topic so as
  • 00:02:28
    they will undergo certain
  • 00:02:30
    structural changes in the cell membrane
  • 00:02:32
    and the compositional changes in the
  • 00:02:34
    cell ball and there is a role of these
  • 00:02:37
    ribosomes and protein in their
  • 00:02:39
    adaptation to this extreme environment
  • 00:02:42
    so this will be discussed in the further
  • 00:02:46
    slides can we survive in the ocean what
  • 00:02:50
    do you see let's
  • 00:02:52
    see so these are the expectations and we
  • 00:02:56
    go through the oceans we think we can
  • 00:02:59
    can survive the doxy cylinder definitely
  • 00:03:02
    chra will say yeah we can survivex
  • 00:03:05
    cylinder so but let's see the
  • 00:03:09
    reality so this is the reality after
  • 00:03:12
    oxin over this is the reality we can
  • 00:03:14
    survive for a long period of time in
  • 00:03:19
    Ocean but how do you think the bacteria
  • 00:03:22
    can survive in the ocean so there are
  • 00:03:25
    various strategies for the survival of
  • 00:03:28
    the bacteria in the oceans is the
  • 00:03:30
    nutrient acquisition so first thing is
  • 00:03:33
    the photosynthesis so photosynthesis
  • 00:03:35
    when you talk about two organism so we
  • 00:03:38
    need to discuss so first is a CYO
  • 00:03:40
    bacteria this is an abundant organism
  • 00:03:43
    performing oxygenic photosynthesis and
  • 00:03:45
    it uses chlorophyll a to perform the
  • 00:03:48
    photosynthesis and another is a purple
  • 00:03:50
    Surfer bacteria which uses sufate as an
  • 00:03:53
    electrona an an oxygenic photosynthesis
  • 00:03:56
    and next is the chemosynthesis so
  • 00:03:58
    chemosynthesis
  • 00:04:00
    is done by the chemotrophic bacteria
  • 00:04:03
    they obtain
  • 00:04:04
    energy from the oxidation of the
  • 00:04:07
    chemicals which could be organic or
  • 00:04:09
    inorganic and this chemosynthesis is
  • 00:04:11
    abundant in the region so where the
  • 00:04:13
    sunlight is absent and organic matter
  • 00:04:16
    utilization are the hydr so the uh they
  • 00:04:19
    break down this organic matter from the
  • 00:04:22
    dead remains and restore the vital nutan
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    so these hopes are essential and crucial
  • 00:04:28
    in the marine environment as the restore
  • 00:04:30
    the vital nutrients so for them the
  • 00:04:31
    carbon and energy source both is the
  • 00:04:35
    organic matter so this decomposition
  • 00:04:38
    process done by these hetr tropes is
  • 00:04:40
    vital for the nutrient cycling and
  • 00:04:43
    maintaining the higher tropic levels and
  • 00:04:45
    also the food
  • 00:04:49
    we and next getting into the adaptation
  • 00:04:52
    to this extreme condition the first
  • 00:04:54
    adaptation we can discuss is the osmo
  • 00:04:56
    regulation so this bacteria segre osmo
  • 00:05:00
    liin such as bettine
  • 00:05:02
    andalos so which will help them balance
  • 00:05:05
    the osmotic pressure which is being
  • 00:05:07
    built up and can also modify their
  • 00:05:09
    proteins such as accumulate the more
  • 00:05:12
    acidic amino acids at the surface so
  • 00:05:15
    which will resist the denaturation from
  • 00:05:18
    the salt induced
  • 00:05:20
    stress and coming to the temperature
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    tolerance so as you know the cyclop
  • 00:05:25
    files and cycl drops see these contain
  • 00:05:28
    flexible membrane and produce antifreeze
  • 00:05:31
    proteins which prevent the Ice Crystal
  • 00:05:33
    formation within the cells and
  • 00:05:35
    thermopiles and hypo thermopiles which
  • 00:05:38
    survive in the extreme hot temperature
  • 00:05:40
    have special proteins which increase the
  • 00:05:42
    stability due to the increase in the
  • 00:05:45
    number of ionic bonds and hydrophobic
  • 00:05:47
    bonds and which will help in the
  • 00:05:49
    functioning of these bacteria in such
  • 00:05:53
    extreme conditions and other adaptation
  • 00:05:57
    is like the membrane liquid changes uh
  • 00:05:59
    can be utilized by this bacteria which
  • 00:06:02
    help them survive in such extreme
  • 00:06:04
    temperatures also and light protection
  • 00:06:08
    so certain bacteria produce pigments
  • 00:06:10
    such as keratinoid that absorve harmful
  • 00:06:13
    substances uh such as UV light majorly
  • 00:06:16
    and example is a vibo which secrete
  • 00:06:18
    prodict
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    toin so it also has antimicrobial
  • 00:06:23
    properties and absorve U light which is
  • 00:06:26
    essential and also biofilm form access
  • 00:06:30
    physical barrier providing protection
  • 00:06:32
    against the UV light and we can say that
  • 00:06:35
    the community living enhances the
  • 00:06:37
    survival so which implies a prb called
  • 00:06:39
    Unity strength so here also the unity
  • 00:06:43
    strength is applicable in the ocean and
  • 00:06:46
    coming to the survival strategies in
  • 00:06:48
    extreme condition uh so first one we'll
  • 00:06:50
    discuss the Hil so Hiles uh there are
  • 00:06:54
    various halophiles it's a slight
  • 00:06:55
    moderate and extreme halophiles
  • 00:06:58
    depending upon the solt con conation so
  • 00:07:01
    they accumulate the compatible solutes
  • 00:07:03
    like potassium ions and also the
  • 00:07:07
    OIC and osmo such as glycin butane which
  • 00:07:11
    prevents the water loss and protect the
  • 00:07:13
    cellular components and also they modify
  • 00:07:16
    their proteins and accumulate lot of
  • 00:07:19
    negative charge onto the surface so
  • 00:07:23
    which will resist this high salt
  • 00:07:25
    concentration and also produce bacteria
  • 00:07:28
    ropin which is not only involved in the
  • 00:07:31
    nutrient assimilation but also observe
  • 00:07:33
    the uvite and next getting into the
  • 00:07:36
    pressure resistance so these bacteria
  • 00:07:38
    attain the structural resilience by
  • 00:07:40
    increasing the unsaturated fatty acids
  • 00:07:43
    in the membrane and also they secrete
  • 00:07:46
    certain enzymes so which enhance the
  • 00:07:48
    stability and activity of the bacteria
  • 00:07:50
    and maintain the functional confirmation
  • 00:07:53
    and certain bacteria also switch the
  • 00:07:55
    metabolic pathways depending upon the
  • 00:07:57
    availability of the nutrients and energy
  • 00:08:00
    in this nutrient to
  • 00:08:02
    envirment and next dealing with the
  • 00:08:04
    community interaction these Community
  • 00:08:06
    interactions can be positive and
  • 00:08:07
    negative but majorly the predation and
  • 00:08:12
    competition has a major impact on this
  • 00:08:14
    Marine bacteria so firstly we'll discuss
  • 00:08:17
    the bacterial phases so these are the
  • 00:08:20
    major predators of the Marine bacteria
  • 00:08:22
    and the next are the Protist which Grace
  • 00:08:25
    and alter the bacterial
  • 00:08:28
    community and the composition and
  • 00:08:31
    diversity majorly the competition for
  • 00:08:34
    the limited resources like nutrient and
  • 00:08:36
    space leads to the release of the
  • 00:08:39
    antimicrobial compounds and also it is a
  • 00:08:43
    B for the development of the resistance
  • 00:08:46
    and coming to the horizontal Gene
  • 00:08:47
    transfer this predation and competition
  • 00:08:50
    as discuss will favor the conditions of
  • 00:08:52
    the horizontal Gene transfer between the
  • 00:08:55
    bacteria and it can occur through
  • 00:08:58
    transduction virus or conjugation that
  • 00:09:01
    is cellto cell contact transfer or it
  • 00:09:03
    can occurs to the plasmic also so it's
  • 00:09:06
    prominent in the bacteria which are in
  • 00:09:08
    close proximity usually in the biofilms
  • 00:09:11
    and also the genes which are usually
  • 00:09:13
    transferred are the antibiotic resistant
  • 00:09:16
    genes nutrient acquisition and stress
  • 00:09:19
    tolerance so this promotes The genome
  • 00:09:22
    plasticity and the evolutions in the
  • 00:09:25
    Marine
  • 00:09:27
    bacteria and getting into the ecological
  • 00:09:30
    roles so first is a nutrient cycling so
  • 00:09:33
    here you can see the carbon cycle the
  • 00:09:35
    carbon dioxide coming from the
  • 00:09:36
    atmosphere into the ocean which is fixed
  • 00:09:39
    by the phytoplankton this phytop planton
  • 00:09:41
    will be graced by the Z planton so which
  • 00:09:43
    will respire and add on carbon to the
  • 00:09:45
    ocean and also it will EXC so which is
  • 00:09:47
    an organic matter so that implies
  • 00:09:51
    also carbon source so this dead organic
  • 00:09:55
    matter also uh fluxes into the deep
  • 00:09:59
    ocean and when this phytop plon
  • 00:10:02
    plans undergo senance so when they are
  • 00:10:06
    dead so their dead remains also sinks
  • 00:10:09
    into the deep ocean so here in the deep
  • 00:10:11
    ocean so
  • 00:10:13
    this dead remains of the zupus phytop
  • 00:10:16
    pla can be consumed by the other
  • 00:10:18
    organism which also respire and excrete
  • 00:10:20
    and add on carbon to the ocean and so
  • 00:10:23
    this dead remains are decomposed by the
  • 00:10:27
    bacteria and increase the dissolved
  • 00:10:28
    organic carbon so which will be
  • 00:10:31
    physically mixed throughout the ocean in
  • 00:10:33
    this way the carbon is fluxed in the
  • 00:10:35
    ocean and observing the oxygen cycle as
  • 00:10:38
    you can see the photolysis is splitting
  • 00:10:40
    of the water into the oxygen and also
  • 00:10:44
    the weathering process that is the
  • 00:10:46
    breakdown of
  • 00:10:47
    the oxygen containing minerals from the
  • 00:10:52
    Rocks which will give out the oxygen and
  • 00:10:55
    also the photosynthesis increases the
  • 00:10:57
    oxygen in the environment and all so the
  • 00:11:00
    respiration Decay and also mainly in the
  • 00:11:05
    Marine sediment so the decaying of the
  • 00:11:09
    Dead remains while degrading the organic
  • 00:11:12
    carbon so there is a release
  • 00:11:15
    of oxygen into the environment and
  • 00:11:18
    observing the hydrogen cycle so it is
  • 00:11:20
    simple but it majorly circulates through
  • 00:11:23
    different state such as water molecular
  • 00:11:25
    hydrogen methane hydrogen sulfide
  • 00:11:28
    ammonia
  • 00:11:30
    so but it is linked to the carbon cycle
  • 00:11:32
    and oxygen cycle so this glucose is
  • 00:11:35
    converted to hydrogen and hydrogen is
  • 00:11:37
    converted to water and further converted
  • 00:11:39
    to molecular hydrogen so in this way the
  • 00:11:42
    cycle is repeated and this hydrogen
  • 00:11:44
    cycle is connected to carbon cycle and
  • 00:11:48
    oxygen cycle so observing the nitrogen
  • 00:11:51
    cycle here you can see the nitrogen end
  • 00:11:53
    from the atmosphere into the ocean and
  • 00:11:56
    there it is fixed by a bacteria into nit
  • 00:11:59
    Nate and this nitrate is used by the
  • 00:12:00
    phytop plantin so which exes the ammonia
  • 00:12:03
    and this ammonia is sync or mixed into
  • 00:12:07
    the benic zone and so which is Again
  • 00:12:10
    nitrified by some other bacteria into
  • 00:12:13
    nitrate so this nitrate is vertically
  • 00:12:15
    mixed throughout the ocean and also this
  • 00:12:18
    nitrate is converted back to the
  • 00:12:20
    molecular nitrogen by the denitrifying
  • 00:12:23
    molecular nitrogen by the denitrifying
  • 00:12:27
    bacteria so observe the phosphorus cycle
  • 00:12:30
    so this phosphorus cycle is mostly from
  • 00:12:33
    the weathering and erosion process and
  • 00:12:35
    the phosphorus enters into the ocean and
  • 00:12:37
    the dissolved
  • 00:12:39
    phosphates are consumed by The Marin
  • 00:12:42
    plants and Marine plants are grazed by
  • 00:12:44
    The Marin animals so when these are dead
  • 00:12:46
    so they create the
  • 00:12:48
    sediments at the ocean bed and this will
  • 00:12:52
    create sedimentary phosphate
  • 00:12:56
    rocks and observing the sulfate cycles
  • 00:12:58
    of it also enters the ocean majorly
  • 00:13:04
    through majorly through River
  • 00:13:08
    atmosphere and the sulfate uh is the
  • 00:13:11
    most abundant uh form which is present
  • 00:13:14
    in the ocean and sulfur oxidizing
  • 00:13:17
    bacteria convert this sulfate to sulfide
  • 00:13:20
    and at the ocean that the sulfate is
  • 00:13:23
    converted back to the sulfate by The
  • 00:13:28
    sulfur oxidizing bacteria and coming to
  • 00:13:31
    the iron so iron is required by the
  • 00:13:35
    phytop planton for performing the
  • 00:13:38
    photosynthesis so in this way it is
  • 00:13:39
    involved in uh the conduction of
  • 00:13:44
    many biog geochemical
  • 00:13:47
    cycles and also it is involved in the
  • 00:13:49
    primary production that is it can
  • 00:13:52
    perform the chemosynthesis and also
  • 00:13:54
    photosynthesis and this is fundamental
  • 00:13:56
    for sustaining the uh Marine B well and
  • 00:14:00
    also it is essential for the
  • 00:14:02
    decomposition as you can see the
  • 00:14:03
    phytoplancton
  • 00:14:05
    uh they are being raed by the Z planton
  • 00:14:10
    and after the death and their excretion
  • 00:14:12
    contributes to the organic matter which
  • 00:14:13
    is decomposed by the bacteria and this
  • 00:14:15
    restores the nutrients and the Marine
  • 00:14:17
    microbes are responsible for producing
  • 00:14:20
    more than half of the world's oxygen
  • 00:14:22
    through photosythesis
  • 00:14:24
    and also as these have a influence on
  • 00:14:28
    the greenhous gas Dynamics and also this
  • 00:14:31
    regulates the earth's climate because so
  • 00:14:34
    they control this carbon cycle oxygen
  • 00:14:37
    nitrogen and sulfur cycle and this
  • 00:14:40
    bacteria also establishes symbiotic
  • 00:14:43
    relationship with the coral which would
  • 00:14:44
    be further discussed uh in the slides
  • 00:14:48
    and coming to the pathogenicity uh they
  • 00:14:51
    can become pathogenic and that's why we
  • 00:14:54
    have to study and monitor this microbial
  • 00:14:58
    community that will be an indicator of
  • 00:15:00
    the environmental health and uh getting
  • 00:15:03
    into the biotechnology potential so here
  • 00:15:06
    you can observe these Marine microbes
  • 00:15:08
    produce enzym fungicides they're used to
  • 00:15:11
    produce toxin antibiotics antifouling
  • 00:15:13
    agents and the produce biosensors and
  • 00:15:15
    also Marine organism as discuss produce
  • 00:15:17
    un protective compounds and a lot of
  • 00:15:21
    compounds which are of B technological
  • 00:15:23
    significance so these Marin bacteria are
  • 00:15:26
    a promising source of Novel bio
  • 00:15:29
    compounds with application in medicine
  • 00:15:31
    and industries so as these Marin
  • 00:15:34
    bacteria for performing these many
  • 00:15:36
    ecological roles in my point of view Mar
  • 00:15:38
    and bacteria are the true heroes so they
  • 00:15:42
    also deserve some elevation so it's time
  • 00:15:45
    for the elevation of mar magia
  • 00:15:52
    [Music]
  • 00:16:04
    see
  • 00:16:08
    [Applause]
  • 00:16:40
    so I hope you enjoyed the elevation and
  • 00:16:43
    coming into the types of the bacteria so
  • 00:16:46
    these types of the bacteria in the ocean
  • 00:16:49
    depends on a different criteria and here
  • 00:16:52
    the first criteria we're considering is
  • 00:16:53
    energy source and firstly is the photo
  • 00:16:58
    drop so there use light energy for
  • 00:17:00
    fixing carbon as we know so other than
  • 00:17:02
    cyanobacteria the examples are cyanus
  • 00:17:05
    and for chlorus and next uh coming to
  • 00:17:09
    the Cho chemot trops so chemot trops as
  • 00:17:13
    you know they utilize energy from the
  • 00:17:15
    oxidation of the chemical compounds and
  • 00:17:18
    examples of these include nitrifying
  • 00:17:20
    bacteria such as nitras nitro or sulfur
  • 00:17:23
    oxidizing bacteria such as theob
  • 00:17:26
    bacillus and next the hetro RS so which
  • 00:17:29
    are essential as decompos decomposes for
  • 00:17:33
    example Vio sudas and also pathogens
  • 00:17:37
    such as
  • 00:17:38
    Str and based on the habitat first comes
  • 00:17:41
    the plantonic bacteria so which are
  • 00:17:43
    present in the epipelagic zone and here
  • 00:17:46
    what You observe is the pag bacteria
  • 00:17:48
    which is abundant bacteria in the ocean
  • 00:17:51
    and next comes the bentic bacteria so
  • 00:17:54
    these are almost present at the ocean
  • 00:17:57
    floor and methanogens of the predominant
  • 00:17:59
    members the cyrilic bacteria which
  • 00:18:02
    survive in the cold environment that is
  • 00:18:04
    polar knowas
  • 00:18:06
    and and thermophilic bacteria we survive
  • 00:18:10
    in the hot environments and the example
  • 00:18:12
    is a
  • 00:18:14
    thermotoga based on the function so
  • 00:18:18
    nitrogen fixing bacteria such as rium
  • 00:18:21
    and also sulfur cycling bacteria such as
  • 00:18:23
    the sufrio and carbon cycling bacteria
  • 00:18:26
    such as paragor and sh
  • 00:18:31
    next getting into the final segment of
  • 00:18:33
    the presentation that is the recent
  • 00:18:35
    research and advancement regarding the
  • 00:18:37
    Marine bacteria so first is the
  • 00:18:40
    discovery of this tho Margarita
  • 00:18:42
    magnifica so this is the largest
  • 00:18:44
    bacteria so which was measured 1 cm long
  • 00:18:47
    and was discovered in the manges of
  • 00:18:49
    gandol and next is the oceanic bacteria
  • 00:18:53
    from transis sperical communi so these
  • 00:18:55
    form sperical communities in order to
  • 00:18:57
    take different roles to break down the
  • 00:18:59
    large food sources more efficiently so
  • 00:19:02
    that they can degrade efficiently so
  • 00:19:04
    they are forming the spical communities
  • 00:19:06
    and next is the porifera heterotropic
  • 00:19:09
    these are the novel species in the ocean
  • 00:19:11
    seab bels and they known for their uni
  • 00:19:14
    Bic
  • 00:19:16
    mechanism and coming to the Arsenic
  • 00:19:18
    breathing life discovered in the
  • 00:19:21
    tropical Pacific Ocean so here the
  • 00:19:24
    bacteria are able to survive by
  • 00:19:26
    breathing arsenic in the oxygen po parts
  • 00:19:28
    of of the
  • 00:19:30
    ocean and next the genetic modification
  • 00:19:32
    of the Marine bacteria here the
  • 00:19:34
    metagenomic data reveals that there are
  • 00:19:37
    inas species population structure which
  • 00:19:40
    are present in this Marine
  • 00:19:42
    bacteria and also you can observe that
  • 00:19:46
    these bacteria break down the medicinal
  • 00:19:48
    compost for the nitrogen requirement and
  • 00:19:52
    also as discussed earlier so this
  • 00:19:55
    bacteria gets associated with the coral
  • 00:19:58
    Rees so which are being threat so these
  • 00:20:00
    are the recent research and advancement
  • 00:20:03
    regarding the Marine bacteria I hope you
  • 00:20:06
    have gained a lot of information
  • 00:20:08
    regarding the Marine
  • 00:20:10
    bacteria thank you Kya man for giving me
  • 00:20:14
    this opportunity and also thank you my
  • 00:20:17
    dear friends uh so for listening to my
  • 00:20:20
    presentation chly so this is gam Sudan
  • 00:20:23
    signing off thank
  • 00:20:26
    you wait wait wait so after explaining
  • 00:20:30
    all these and after me explaining you
  • 00:20:33
    and describing these mer bacteria I
  • 00:20:35
    think I have to give a tribute to this
  • 00:20:37
    Marine bacteria so I would like to
  • 00:20:39
    conclude my presentation with a small
  • 00:20:41
    tribute to the Marine
  • 00:20:55
    bacteria all H bacteria all h
  • 00:20:59
    man will take care thank you
Tags
  • marine
  • microbial
  • bacteria
  • ecosystem
  • nutrient cycling
  • survival
  • adaptation
  • ecological roles
  • biotechnology
  • research