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[Music]
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in our previous videos
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we discuss about electricity we have
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also discussed about
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current voltage and resistance
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as well as how they affect each other as
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stated in ohm's law
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now we already know that most of our
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devices and machines
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use electricity for them to work many
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things can function using electricity
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because it is easy to store distribute
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and can be available anytime as long as
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there is a supply
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each device that uses a current is part
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of at least
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one circuit the circuit that supplies
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its voltage
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most electrical appliances have many
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circuits inside them
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that are designed to carry out specific
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functions
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those circuits may be designed to light
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bulbs
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move motor parts or calculate each of
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those circuits
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may have thousands or even millions of
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parts
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the functions that a circuit can perform
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depend on how those
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parts are set up within the circuit
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there are two main types of circuits
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series
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and parallel circuits each one has its
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own distinct features
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advantages and disadvantages let's
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differentiate them from one another
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let's begin with the series circuit
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in a series circuit this involves two
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or more devices connected to one single
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path
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devices are connected to the same
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circuit and are dependent on the
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functionality of one another
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so what are the advantages of using a
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series circuit
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first it does not overheat easily
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this makes them very useful in case they
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might be around a potentially flammable
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source
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like dry plants or cloth second
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it is easy to learn and to make their
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simple design
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is easy to understand and this means
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that it's simple to conduct repairs
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lastly it can add more power devices
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since they have a higher output in terms
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of voltage
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what about the disadvantages of using a
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series circuit
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one if one point breaks the total
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circuit
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breaks and two because of increased
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circuit components
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the circuit resistance is greater
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alright now let's move on to parallel
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circuits
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this type of circuit involves two or
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more devices
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having their own independent pathway the
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resistance decreases
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and electric current increases when more
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devices are added onto it through
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independent branches
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the advantages of using a parallel
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circuit are
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one every unit that is connected
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gets an equal amount of voltage two
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it is easy to connect or disconnect a
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device without affecting the working of
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other devices
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and lastly if any fault happened to one
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pathway of the circuit
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the current is still able to pass
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the disadvantages of using a parallel
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circuit are
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one it requires the use of a lot of
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wires
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two it cannot increase or multiply the
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voltage
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three if too many connections are added
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the total amount of current can exceed
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the safe level of current that the
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circuit can handle
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now let's differentiate both series and
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parallel circuits
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in terms of connection voltage drop
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current and equivalent resistance
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in a series circuit devices are
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connected to wires to form one single
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path on the other hand in a parallel
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circuit
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each device has its own branch that is
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connected to the node
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the node is the point where all branches
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were gathered or connected to the same
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source
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the sum of the voltage drops across
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individual devices
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is the total voltage supplied by the
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source in a series circuit
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in a parallel circuit the amount of
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voltage drops supplied by the source is
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the same amount for all the devices
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in terms of current in a series circuit
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the electric current passes through a
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single path
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the amount of current passing through
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all electric devices
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is the same however in a parallel
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circuit
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the total current in the circuit is the
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sum of currents in the parallel branches
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lastly in terms of equivalent resistance
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in a series circuit the total resistance
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of the circuit
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is the sum of all resistance an increase
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in devices connected
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result in an increase in overall
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resistance
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on the other hand in parallel circuits
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the total resistance is inversely
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proportional to the sum
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of the resistance of different branches
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as the number of parallel branches
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increases
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resistance decreases all right
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so that's it for series in parallel
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circuits
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so we've learned that electricity is a
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valuable resource in our daily lives
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but electricity can be dangerous
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especially when not handled properly
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for instance this scenario is actually
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alarming overloading is a problem that
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may occur
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in parallel circuits which can
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potentially cause fires
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another problem that may happen in
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series and parallel circuits
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is a short circuit it is an
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unintentionally constructed path with
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the least resistance between two
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conductors supplying electrical energy
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this is dangerous because the short
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circuit
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will acquire too much current and it
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will eventually heat up
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the high temperature can lead to
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explosion that will blow up the power
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source
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our body is a good conductor of
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electricity
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because we are made up of water and
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other chemicals
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that are positively and negatively
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charged
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if we touch electrical devices with wet
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hands
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the electricity can pass through our
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body and cause us to experience electric
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shocks this is true if we touch devices
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connected to a short circuit or an
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overloaded circuit
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electric shocks or electrocution can
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lead to burns
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and can be fatal
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[Music]
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electric current can be dangerous to
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handle
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which is why people have invented some
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safety devices
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to protect us from being electrocuted
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let's take a closer look at these safety
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devices
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first on our list is the fuse it is an
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electrical safety device that operates
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to provide
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over-current protection of an electrical
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circuit
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next we have the circuit breaker it uses
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magnets or bi-metallic strips to open
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the switch of a circuit
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when the electric current surpasses the
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safety level of the circuit
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this is similar to a fuse except that
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it is more modern and advanced because
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it does not get destroyed
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every time it detects a problem in the
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circuit
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it is used in modern buildings and
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electric utility companies to protect
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their electrical lines
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earthing or grounding a circuit means
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connecting a wire
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usually called an earth wire to the
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ground which creates a path of least
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resistance
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electricity travels through this path
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and through the ground
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this prevents electric shocks because it
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diverts the electricity's path away from
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your body
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and lastly double insulation is used for
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wires to prevent them from touching each
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other
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and eventually causing a short circuit
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this
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safety device is used when wires are
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covered in plastic
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before they are placed in outer casing
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[Music]
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now let's wrap things up a series
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circuit
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involves two or more devices connected
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to one
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single path on the other hand a parallel
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circuit
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involves two or more devices having
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their own independent pathway
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basic home safety electrical devices
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include
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fuse circuit breaker earth pin or wire
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and double insulation alright
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that's all for now this completes all
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modules for the first quarter
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see you on our next video and don't
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forget to
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keep your minds busy
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