00:00:00
gerbaldi carries Anita up the stairs of
00:00:02
The Farmhouse calling for a doctor she's
00:00:04
pale foaming at the mouth they've been
00:00:06
on the run for weeks and she's 6 months
00:00:08
pregnant with malaria when they'd left
00:00:10
Rome garabaldi had 4,000 men at his back
00:00:13
but now it's just he and his wife for
00:00:15
weeks his red shirts skillfully evaded
00:00:17
enemy units but after the austrians
00:00:19
finally caught up to them he released
00:00:21
his soldiers from service after a short
00:00:23
Skirmish for his troops had no food
00:00:25
worthless paper money and were reduced
00:00:27
to confiscating rations and funds from
00:00:29
peasants and convents finally his
00:00:31
remaining followers kidnapped several
00:00:33
boatmen and insisted on being taken to
00:00:35
Venice but when the austrians caught the
00:00:37
other boats the kidnapped Sailors put
00:00:38
garabaldi ashore then Anita and
00:00:40
garabaldi wandered in search of shelter
00:00:42
finally arriving at a supporter's house
00:00:44
with a bed upstairs and a doctor on the
00:00:46
way though neither will be needed for by
00:00:49
the time garabaldi reaches the top step
00:00:51
his wife his partner in Revolution is
00:00:54
dead
00:00:55
[Music]
00:01:01
thanks so much to Wild Grain for
00:01:02
supporting today's historical tale with
00:01:05
the first war of Italian unification
00:01:06
lost it was clear garabaldi could not
00:01:09
stay in Italy for a while he knocked
00:01:11
around in Disguise at times even dining
00:01:13
next to Austrian soldiers until he made
00:01:14
it to pedmont where he was both a pariah
00:01:17
and an embarrassment you see with King
00:01:19
Charles Albert having abdicated after
00:01:21
losing to the austrians his son Victor
00:01:23
amanuel was still unsteady on the throne
00:01:26
and if he wanted to build strength to
00:01:27
continue unification in the future he
00:01:29
really couldn't have a radical like
00:01:31
garabaldi around however he couldn't
00:01:33
exactly arrest him either since the
00:01:35
general was a massively popular figure
00:01:37
so instead he gave gal's family a
00:01:40
pension because he can't really give one
00:01:41
directly to a wanted Rebel after all on
00:01:43
the agreement that he' just sort of go
00:01:45
away so for nearly a year garabaldi
00:01:47
shopped for places to spend his Exile
00:01:49
before he finally realized where he
00:01:51
should go New York it was a logical
00:01:53
Choice New York City was a magnet for
00:01:55
European immigrants at the time
00:01:57
particularly those fleeing after the
00:01:58
largely failed re evolutions of 1848
00:02:01
Staten Island had a large Italian
00:02:03
Community and it was there that he lived
00:02:05
working in relative obscurity as a
00:02:06
candlemaker and living with Antonio meoi
00:02:09
who is sometimes credited with inventing
00:02:11
the telephone eventually he managed to
00:02:13
get command of a trading vessel
00:02:14
re-entering his favorite profession and
00:02:16
for 2 years he plied the Pacific trading
00:02:18
routes from Chile to Australia New
00:02:20
Zealand and Hong Kong then seeking some
00:02:22
connection still grieving Anita he
00:02:24
traveled to Peru to visit Simon bolar's
00:02:26
famous lover and fellow revolutionary
00:02:28
Manuela sence though he steered clear of
00:02:31
Europe at least until 1854 when he
00:02:33
landed a load of cargo at Newcastle and
00:02:36
was gratified to find himself being
00:02:37
greeted with popular Acclaim so
00:02:39
piggybacking off that good mood he
00:02:41
continued on to London in hopes of
00:02:42
making political contacts because these
00:02:45
days of wandering were not actually
00:02:47
aimless both in the United States and in
00:02:49
Britain garabaldi proved himself a Savvy
00:02:52
operator he whipped up interest in the
00:02:54
Italian-American Community towards
00:02:55
supporting the revolution financially
00:02:57
and did the same with the British
00:02:59
support Networks he'd later call on when
00:03:00
he needed military funding gerbaldi
00:03:03
especially admired the British or at
00:03:04
least that's what he told them piling
00:03:06
huge amounts of flattery upon the
00:03:08
British government its people and
00:03:10
studiously avoiding controversial
00:03:11
positions for instance when asked if he
00:03:14
supported Irish Independence he said no
00:03:16
nor did he criticize the British
00:03:18
government for its actions in the Great
00:03:19
Famine this was partially due to his
00:03:22
anti-catholic bias since garabaldi often
00:03:24
cast the church as his enemy and was
00:03:26
known to seize church property but it
00:03:28
was also a canny move to to keep the
00:03:30
British in his Corner also in Britain he
00:03:32
made contacts of a more secret nature
00:03:34
himself a Freemason he paid special
00:03:36
visits to British Masonic lodges giving
00:03:38
him more access to more powerful circles
00:03:41
like an introduction into the Alo extra
00:03:44
Historia no too much sorry anyway
00:03:48
garabaldi returned to Italy in 1854 the
00:03:51
political situation having outwardly
00:03:52
calmed in order to claim a large
00:03:54
inheritance from his brother seeking a
00:03:56
place to settle with his children he
00:03:58
bought the northern half of an Island
00:04:00
near Sardinia and built a sprawling
00:04:02
South American style Farmhouse and there
00:04:04
he lived a quiet life taking guests and
00:04:06
corresponding shaping the autobiography
00:04:08
he'd co-author with Alexandre Duma his
00:04:11
romantic companion during this time was
00:04:13
a German journalist and novelist writing
00:04:15
her own biography of garabaldi he
00:04:17
actually proposed marriage to her three
00:04:19
times but she refused him each one
00:04:21
herself having been married twice before
00:04:23
and also garabaldi had just fathered a
00:04:24
child with his servant so yeah you can
00:04:26
kind of see where she's coming from and
00:04:28
this is where we should probably discuss
00:04:30
a topic we've been skirting around the
00:04:32
last three episodes The Myth of
00:04:34
garabaldi jeppi garabaldi was an
00:04:37
enthusiastic promoter and fashioner of
00:04:39
his own myth many of his adventurous
00:04:42
episodes from his life some of which
00:04:44
we've recounted come solely from his
00:04:46
autobiographies and at times defy Logic
00:04:49
for instance did his wife Anita when 5
00:04:51
months pregnant and extremely ill during
00:04:53
the siege of Rome really give a rousing
00:04:56
speech before helping lead a crucial
00:04:57
last Stitch defense I mean probably not
00:05:00
likewise some of his battles told as
00:05:02
epic bloody clashes would involve
00:05:05
suspiciously few casualties so was
00:05:07
garabaldi a lying liar Who Lies was he
00:05:10
not the hero he's portrayed as well for
00:05:13
our part we think that's not the most
00:05:15
interesting question what gets our
00:05:17
noodle baking is why garabaldi portrayed
00:05:20
himself this way he was an extremely
00:05:22
Brave Soldier and political idealist but
00:05:24
more than anything gerbaldi was also a
00:05:27
showman he was a great communicator and
00:05:29
work hard to project an image that would
00:05:31
attract International attention funding
00:05:33
and recruits to the cause of Italian
00:05:35
unification he knew how to strike a
00:05:37
heroic pose to give a good speech or an
00:05:39
action hero oneliner how to take a good
00:05:41
photograph and especially how to shape
00:05:43
media perceptions of his actions and
00:05:46
revolutionary Mission he took the
00:05:48
political struggle to create a country
00:05:50
and imbued it with the romance and
00:05:52
tragedy of a Verde Opera and he was in
00:05:54
very good historical company in doing
00:05:56
this Napoleon did much the same as did
00:05:59
GE Washington revolutionary politics in
00:06:02
this period often revolved around big
00:06:04
figures that came to symbolically
00:06:05
represent the ideals they stood for and
00:06:08
garabaldi was Savvy enough to play that
00:06:10
role perfectly of course he wasn't the
00:06:12
only Italian doing so either for
00:06:14
instance mansini theatrically wore black
00:06:16
his entire life quote in mourning for
00:06:18
his country also if the way that
00:06:19
garabaldi is spoken of seems sort of
00:06:21
saint-like that is not an accident
00:06:23
either though he was highly
00:06:25
anti-catholic gerbaldi adopted the
00:06:27
language of the lives of the Saints
00:06:29
which were very familiar to Italians he
00:06:31
spoke of Anita's death and the death of
00:06:33
his men as martyrdom and emphasized
00:06:36
stories where he miraculously escaped
00:06:38
unharmed despite huge odds again this
00:06:41
doesn't mean that the events didn't
00:06:42
happen he just told these stories in a
00:06:44
way that empathized their impact
00:06:46
basically he would have killed it on
00:06:48
Instagram but all that said he would
00:06:50
soon actually have more War Stories to
00:06:52
Tell for the unification struggle was
00:06:54
about to reignite the prime minister of
00:06:57
pedmont Sardinia Cameo bzo count of
00:06:59
kavor is sometimes called Italy's
00:07:01
autovon bismar ever since piedmont's
00:07:03
defeat by Austria in 1849 he'd set in
00:07:06
motion ambitious plans to liberalize
00:07:08
society reform the economy and
00:07:10
especially gain powerful foreign allies
00:07:12
for a new bid at unification in the
00:07:14
final case he picked Britain and France
00:07:16
and had spent years buttering them both
00:07:18
up pedmont Sardinia had even sent a
00:07:20
force to the Crimean War in order to get
00:07:22
a seat at the negotiating table
00:07:24
afterward but it was one incident which
00:07:27
cavor actually had nothing to do with
00:07:29
that changed French ped Mon's relations
00:07:31
forever January 14th 1858 Paris Napoleon
00:07:36
theii and his wife chat in their
00:07:37
Carriage on the way to the Opera they're
00:07:39
seeing William Tell a piece by the
00:07:41
Italian composer rosini Napoleon likes
00:07:44
Italy even supported Italian unification
00:07:46
in his youth now however things are more
00:07:49
complicated what was that a
00:07:52
detonation hores Winnie and
00:07:55
rear Napoleon looks outside and sees a
00:07:57
man in the crowd throw an iron grenade
00:07:59
made it rolls directly under his
00:08:02
Carriage the floor lifts shrapnel cuts
00:08:05
through the ankles of the guards
00:08:06
standing nearby napolian stumbles out
00:08:08
helping his wife and when it's over and
00:08:10
the man is stopped eight people are dead
00:08:12
on the street and over 150 injured as
00:08:15
the royal couple continue on to see the
00:08:17
Opera after all while let a bloody
00:08:18
terrorist bombing get in the way of a
00:08:20
good show police fan out to arrest the
00:08:22
conspirators they turn out to be Italian
00:08:24
nationalists tied to mazini and this
00:08:26
action will deeply affect Napoleon's
00:08:28
policy toward Italian unification but
00:08:31
perhaps not as you might think because
00:08:33
after receiving an impassioned letter
00:08:35
from the lead assassin urging him to
00:08:37
support unification Napoleon begins to
00:08:40
wonder whether all this chaos in Italy
00:08:42
Could Be Tamed by ejecting the austrians
00:08:45
and having a strong French friendly
00:08:47
Kingdom dominate The Peninsula H soon
00:08:51
cavor will visit proposing just such a
00:08:53
thing they will bait the austrians into
00:08:55
attacking pedmont and France will join
00:08:57
as an ally and when this happens
00:09:00
garabaldi will go back to war launching
00:09:02
a stunning military campaign that will
00:09:04
eventually become Legend that's right
00:09:06
y'all next week we're talking the
00:09:08
expedition of the Thousand but that part
00:09:11
of our story is still baking at the
00:09:13
moment so while we wait to see if
00:09:14
garabaldi and his men rise to the
00:09:16
occasion I'd like to tell you about
00:09:18
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