Late Medieval Early Ren Northern Europe Flanders

00:11:02
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAF54DH1Ob8

Summary

TLDRI videoen diskuteres Flanderns historiske utvikling og dens kunstneriske arv knyttet til Philip den Bold og hans ekteskap som førte til rikdom og makt. Kunstverket "Moses-brønnen" av Klous Slutter beskrives med vekt på dets symbolske betydning, der Kristi blod renser de gamle testamentets profeter. Det påpekes også en overgang fra guddommelig til mer naturalistisk kunst med elementer av bevegelse og contraposto. Videoen berører det ikonografiske innholdet i altarskjermen som representerer viktige bibelske hendelser.

Takeaways

  • 📍 Flandern ble mektig på grunn av Philip den Bold.
  • 💧 "Moses-brønnen" symboliserer Kristi blod og frelse.
  • 🖼️ Kunstverkene er sterkt knyttet til religiøse temaer.
  • 🎨 Det er en bevegelse mot større naturalisme i kunsten.
  • 👑 Ekteskapet mellom Philip og grevedatteren var strategisk.
  • 🏰 Klosteret trakk til seg mange kunstnere.
  • 🗿 Contraposto skaper mer naturlige figurer.
  • 🌸 Lily symboliserer renhet.
  • 🔗 Oldtidens profeter legitimerer Kristus.
  • 🚪 Romlig representasjon i kunstverkene utvikles gradvis.

Timeline

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    Flandern, en region som vokste i makt og rikdom på grunn av ekteskapet mellom Philip den Bold og datteren til greven av Flandern, fikk stor kunstnerisk og religiøs innflytelse, blant annet gjennom donasjoner til klostre for å oppnå frelse. Det første kunstverket omtalt er 'Well of Moses' av Klous Slutter, som presenterer symbolikken der vannet fra fontenen symbolisk vasker bort syndene til de gamle profetene, og legitimerer Kristus som den forutsagte frelseren. Dette viser et skifte mot mer naturalistisk kunst, hvor detaljer er vektlagt, inkludert kontrapost-posisjonen i figurene, som får dem til å fremstå mer livaktige.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:11:02

    Det neste verket er et alterstykke, kjent som retabel, som inneholder scener fra jomfru Marias liv, inkludert budskapet fra Gabriel og visittasjonen mellom Maria og Elisabeth. Det er mye ikonisitet i kunstverkene, hvor blant annet liljen representerer renhet og den lukkede hagen symboliserer Maria. Fortellingen om anerkjenningen av Kristus fortsetter, særlig gjennom Simeon i tempelet. Samtidig er det en utvikling mot en mer realistisk romlig fremstilling i kunstverkene, selv om rommet fortsatt er skjevt og ikke helt perspektivisk korrekt.

Mind Map

Video Q&A

  • Hva var Flandern kjent for?

    Flandern ble kjent for sin rikdom og makt, særlig innen kunst og arkitektur.

  • Hvem var Philip den Bold?

    Philip den Bold var sønn av kongen av Frankrike og giftet seg med datteren til greven av Flandern.

  • Hvilket stort kunstverk ble diskutert i videoen?

    Videoen fokuserer på "Moses-brønnen" av Klous Slutter.

  • Hva symboliserer "Moses-brønnen"?

    Brønnen symboliserer livets kilde, som gir en metafor for Kristi blod og tilgivelse av synder.

  • Hva er en raba?

    En raba er et utskåret alterstykke.

  • Hvilke populære temaer finnes i kunstverkene nevnt?

    Temaene inkluderer gjenkjennelse av Kristus, renhet, og antikk symbolikk.

  • Hvilken stilutvikling sees i kunsten fra denne perioden?

    Det er en utvikling mot mer naturalisme og troverdig bevegelse.

  • Hva er contraposto?

    Contraposto er en stilling hvor kroppen vises i en balanse mellom to motsatte posisjoner.

  • Hvordan ble kunstneriske ideer knyttet til religion?

    Mange kunstverk var inspirert av kirkens behov og ønsket om å oppnå frelse.

  • Hvilke figurer ble nevnt som viktige i "Moses-brønnen"?

    Figurene inkluderer Moses, David, Daniel, Esaias, Jeremia og Sakarja.

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  • 00:00:04
    the next area we're going to move to is
  • 00:00:06
    a territory called Flanders and your
  • 00:00:09
    textbook always opens up with a nice map
  • 00:00:11
    so you may want to give that uh a look
  • 00:00:14
    Flanders uh was a region that was sort
  • 00:00:16
    of uh on the move and growing because of
  • 00:00:20
    a fortuitous marriage there was a
  • 00:00:23
    marriage between Philip the Bold we're
  • 00:00:26
    going to look at a few works now that he
  • 00:00:28
    um patronized
  • 00:00:30
    um he was the son of the king of France
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    and he married the daughter of the count
  • 00:00:34
    of Flanders so it was a relatively small
  • 00:00:36
    area Flanders but because of this
  • 00:00:38
    marriage from the daughter of Flanders
  • 00:00:40
    to the son of the king of France um it
  • 00:00:43
    became very expansive very wealthy very
  • 00:00:45
    powerful and had a very close
  • 00:00:47
    association with the aristocracy of
  • 00:00:50
    France the art of Flanders was highly
  • 00:00:54
    religious um influenced by the church
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    and also influenced by um Philip the
  • 00:01:00
    Bold um his sort of dynastic and
  • 00:01:03
    political goals and also his goals to
  • 00:01:05
    achieve salvation and we can see that
  • 00:01:07
    when we look at this first image this is
  • 00:01:09
    by an artist named klous slutter it's
  • 00:01:11
    called The Well of Moses it is in a
  • 00:01:14
    monastery in a carthusian monastery it's
  • 00:01:16
    called the chartreuse of shaal um and
  • 00:01:19
    the year here is bordering right around
  • 00:01:21
    the year of
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    1400 monasteries as you can imagine are
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    not big money makers but the Duke Philip
  • 00:01:29
    the Bold um endowed the monastery and so
  • 00:01:32
    he funneled a lot of money into this
  • 00:01:34
    Monastery that attracted many artists to
  • 00:01:36
    its construction and to create beautiful
  • 00:01:40
    works of art and as the Duke this is a
  • 00:01:42
    good idea for a couple of reasons one is
  • 00:01:45
    it helps to establish your power to show
  • 00:01:48
    off your wealth in this way to give
  • 00:01:50
    money to the monastery and probably even
  • 00:01:53
    more important than that is that the
  • 00:01:55
    Hope also would be that it would help
  • 00:01:57
    you to achieve salvation that it would
  • 00:01:59
    be your straight shot into heaven
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    because you are giving gifts of money to
  • 00:02:03
    the church people were known to give
  • 00:02:04
    money or tracks of land um in hopes that
  • 00:02:07
    they would achieve salvation there will
  • 00:02:09
    be many different ways that people hope
  • 00:02:11
    to achieve salvation as we sort of move
  • 00:02:13
    forward this is one of them um so sort
  • 00:02:15
    of keep that um in the back of your mind
  • 00:02:18
    as well all right let's talk about
  • 00:02:19
    what's going on with this well of Moses
  • 00:02:23
    it was a fountain uh over a well it was
  • 00:02:26
    thought to be the water source for the
  • 00:02:28
    monastery for some time time but
  • 00:02:30
    Scholars now believe that maybe it was
  • 00:02:32
    nonfunctional because these particular
  • 00:02:35
    monks lived in complete silence and it
  • 00:02:36
    would have created a lot of noise for
  • 00:02:38
    the water to be coming down here and
  • 00:02:40
    then funneling here into this well it
  • 00:02:42
    would sort of wash down over these
  • 00:02:44
    figures these figures that you see
  • 00:02:46
    around the base are Old Testament
  • 00:02:48
    figures that means they came from the
  • 00:02:51
    Hebrew Bible the Jewish Bible before the
  • 00:02:53
    time of Christ and at the top up here
  • 00:02:57
    this is a base at the top for a scene of
  • 00:02:59
    the crucifixion with Christ on the cross
  • 00:03:04
    so the water would flow off of the body
  • 00:03:07
    of Christ and come down and wash away
  • 00:03:11
    symbolically the sins of the Old
  • 00:03:13
    Testament prophets so it was called like
  • 00:03:16
    a fountain of life because it's sort of
  • 00:03:18
    this lifegiving blood of Christ who died
  • 00:03:20
    for our sins this blood comes down and
  • 00:03:22
    literally washes away the sins of the
  • 00:03:26
    prophets so his death um makes salvation
  • 00:03:29
    possible so you can see that as it comes
  • 00:03:31
    down here this is Moses that you see the
  • 00:03:33
    figures around the base not too worried
  • 00:03:35
    about memorizing by any means but
  • 00:03:36
    they're Moses David Daniel Isaiah
  • 00:03:39
    Jeremiah and Zachariah that are around
  • 00:03:41
    uh the base this juxtaposition of Old
  • 00:03:44
    Testament figures with Christ who be on
  • 00:03:46
    the cross at the top um is pretty common
  • 00:03:50
    we saw it with Chim bu's um virgin and
  • 00:03:53
    child the reason you would put Old
  • 00:03:55
    Testament and Christ together is a way
  • 00:03:57
    to legitimize that Christ was the son of
  • 00:04:01
    God it legitimizes Christ because we
  • 00:04:04
    show These Old Testament figures and
  • 00:04:06
    they had foretold that a Christ would
  • 00:04:08
    come and then there's Christ at the top
  • 00:04:10
    and so it's saying Christ there he
  • 00:04:12
    wasn't just a teacher or a philosopher
  • 00:04:14
    or an allaround good guy he really was
  • 00:04:17
    the Christ and he really was the saviors
  • 00:04:19
    because look they said it would happen
  • 00:04:21
    here they are and then there he is at
  • 00:04:23
    the very top so often times in art we we
  • 00:04:25
    see this J deposition of Old Testament
  • 00:04:27
    and Christ together to the legitimize
  • 00:04:30
    that they foretold he would come and
  • 00:04:31
    then he did in in fact come all right so
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    we know the symbolism of this work of
  • 00:04:37
    art sort of a deep theological symbolism
  • 00:04:40
    but what I also want you to focus on is
  • 00:04:41
    this style is we're moving towards the
  • 00:04:43
    Renaissance of more and more naturalism
  • 00:04:46
    very individualized features his work is
  • 00:04:49
    made of marble um but you can see array
  • 00:04:53
    an array of different textures from the
  • 00:04:54
    sort of wings to flesh to hair to robes
  • 00:04:58
    more and more naturalism is afforded to
  • 00:05:01
    these figures should also be noted that
  • 00:05:03
    they would be painted and that would add
  • 00:05:05
    a very naturalistic effect as well one
  • 00:05:07
    figure that I want you to focus in on is
  • 00:05:10
    one I'm going to bring up here on the
  • 00:05:12
    left hand side um because it shows you
  • 00:05:16
    that these figures are not only becoming
  • 00:05:18
    naturalistic but they move
  • 00:05:20
    naturalistically as well so we have this
  • 00:05:22
    sort of hip shift here and this figure
  • 00:05:24
    does as well where you can see that he
  • 00:05:26
    looks like he could walk off um of the
  • 00:05:30
    sort of plint that he's standing on
  • 00:05:31
    there this pose this hip shift is
  • 00:05:35
    something called contraposto
  • 00:05:37
    contraposto was instituted by the Greeks
  • 00:05:41
    in their interest in creating more and
  • 00:05:42
    more naturalistic views and it shows a
  • 00:05:45
    figure um where the one leg is straight
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    and our poor cros boy here has lost a
  • 00:05:51
    leg but his knee sort of comes out at
  • 00:05:53
    you that's the way a real human body
  • 00:05:56
    walks one leg goes straight and this
  • 00:05:58
    knee and then this one goes
  • 00:05:59
    straight straighten than this KNE Cox
  • 00:06:01
    and it's called contraposto and so it's
  • 00:06:04
    called contraposto it means sort of
  • 00:06:05
    counter Poise it means that your hips
  • 00:06:07
    sort of go in One Direction your
  • 00:06:08
    shoulders go in a different direction
  • 00:06:10
    that's just how a real natural human
  • 00:06:12
    body um walks they don't walk locked
  • 00:06:15
    leged they don't have two straight knees
  • 00:06:17
    but rather um they they sort of have one
  • 00:06:20
    knee that comes out and one that stays
  • 00:06:22
    straight and you can see that here in
  • 00:06:23
    this figure with these sort of cocked
  • 00:06:25
    hips um that these figures not only have
  • 00:06:28
    you know hair and veins and all kinds of
  • 00:06:31
    eyelashes and details um but they also
  • 00:06:34
    can move properly as well all right so
  • 00:06:37
    let's stay in this same Monastery and
  • 00:06:38
    look at a different work um this is
  • 00:06:43
    called Let's see we move up on the left
  • 00:06:46
    and the right hand side this is an alter
  • 00:06:47
    piece which you can probably tell from
  • 00:06:49
    that sort of um interesting shape here
  • 00:06:53
    at the top um this is a RAB um it's one
  • 00:06:59
    of the terms on your term sheet it's
  • 00:07:01
    spelled r e t a b l e a rub is a carved
  • 00:07:06
    alter piece which may seem curious to
  • 00:07:08
    you because this looks like it's painted
  • 00:07:10
    and it is but there would be a section
  • 00:07:12
    in the middle that joined these two that
  • 00:07:14
    was carved and so they called the alter
  • 00:07:16
    piece a RAB which means a carved alter
  • 00:07:19
    piece so let me show you an image of
  • 00:07:21
    what a carved alter piece looks like
  • 00:07:23
    this is just an example see how the
  • 00:07:25
    figures here aren't painted but they're
  • 00:07:26
    carved in there was an element like this
  • 00:07:30
    um and and it was carved so we call this
  • 00:07:33
    whole alterpiece a RAB or a carved
  • 00:07:36
    alterpiece let's talk about the stories
  • 00:07:38
    that you see here this is a story we
  • 00:07:41
    have seen before and we continue to see
  • 00:07:43
    over and over again it's the enunciation
  • 00:07:45
    the angel Gabriel and the Virgin Mary
  • 00:07:48
    let's talk a little bit of iconography
  • 00:07:50
    before we leave these two this is the
  • 00:07:52
    lily of Purity and so that's a symbolic
  • 00:07:55
    use of images and here's another one
  • 00:07:57
    this is the God the father at the top
  • 00:07:59
    and he is sort of um dispatching the
  • 00:08:02
    Holy Spirit to the Virgin Mary so let's
  • 00:08:04
    zoom in because I want you to see how
  • 00:08:06
    these Rays come down from God the father
  • 00:08:09
    and when they come through the window
  • 00:08:10
    the window is left intact see how they
  • 00:08:12
    don't shatter the window but it's left
  • 00:08:13
    intact that's iconography and it's a
  • 00:08:16
    symbol of Purity so as the Virgin was
  • 00:08:18
    remained intact the window does as well
  • 00:08:21
    and so this is a symbolic uh use of
  • 00:08:24
    images and it shows and speaks of the
  • 00:08:26
    virgin's Purity just like the lily has
  • 00:08:30
    the other thing to notice is it's in an
  • 00:08:31
    enclosed Garden an enclosed Garden
  • 00:08:34
    walled off and protected just like the
  • 00:08:35
    Virgin Mary is a symbol of her Purity so
  • 00:08:37
    lots of iconography there the second
  • 00:08:40
    story is the visitation this is the
  • 00:08:42
    pregnant uh Mary and she visits her
  • 00:08:45
    cousin Elizabeth Mary's always here in
  • 00:08:47
    the blue and this is Elizabeth um she's
  • 00:08:50
    pregnant with John the Baptist in her
  • 00:08:51
    belly and John the Baptist leaps um when
  • 00:08:54
    he recognizes the Christ um and so this
  • 00:08:57
    is called the visitation between
  • 00:09:00
    the two on this side the other uh door
  • 00:09:03
    of this RAB is the presentation and the
  • 00:09:07
    flight into Egypt this is the
  • 00:09:08
    presentation where Mary and Joseph
  • 00:09:12
    present Christ in the temple to Simeon
  • 00:09:16
    and Simeon recognizes Jesus as the
  • 00:09:19
    prophesized Savior that he was for told
  • 00:09:21
    he knew that Christ was coming and he
  • 00:09:23
    recognizes him so there's sort of a
  • 00:09:25
    theme of recognition here John the
  • 00:09:26
    Baptist recognizes Christ and here
  • 00:09:28
    Simeon recognizes Christ and then this
  • 00:09:31
    is a story called the flight into Egypt
  • 00:09:33
    uh where the Holy Family escapes herod's
  • 00:09:36
    decree to Massacre all male infants in
  • 00:09:39
    Bethlehem so they sort of take off here
  • 00:09:42
    um little iconography here this is a
  • 00:09:44
    pagan Idol that has fallen off here and
  • 00:09:47
    sort of crumbled as Christ sort of
  • 00:09:48
    neares and so we see these Pagan Isles
  • 00:09:50
    falling on their falling as Christ um
  • 00:09:55
    approaches one thing I want you to see
  • 00:09:57
    looking at this um
  • 00:10:00
    is our sense of space space is still um
  • 00:10:05
    tilted um it certainly looks as though
  • 00:10:07
    these figures are going to sort of fall
  • 00:10:08
    off here but we've come a long way in a
  • 00:10:11
    short amount of time it was 94 years
  • 00:10:13
    prior to this that jto gave us that
  • 00:10:16
    lamentation with that sort of wall that
  • 00:10:18
    came down and the figures with their
  • 00:10:19
    back to us um so we've come a long way
  • 00:10:22
    we've got roads sort of lead the eye
  • 00:10:23
    back we these sort of long hallways into
  • 00:10:26
    the background so we're getting more and
  • 00:10:28
    more we're not there yet but we are
  • 00:10:29
    getting a more and more believable
  • 00:10:30
    rendition of space however there are
  • 00:10:34
    it's very skewed still so one thing I
  • 00:10:35
    want you to see is by standing in one
  • 00:10:37
    spot the viewer should not be able to
  • 00:10:39
    see down this hallway at the same angle
  • 00:10:41
    that they can see down this hallway so
  • 00:10:43
    see how that would be sort of physically
  • 00:10:44
    impossible to see through both of these
  • 00:10:46
    open doorways going back um but it
  • 00:10:48
    certainly shows um sort of the old
  • 00:10:50
    College try or giving it a go at trying
  • 00:10:53
    to create a more and more believable U
  • 00:10:57
    recession into space
Tags
  • Flandern
  • Philip den Bold
  • Moses-brønnen
  • Kunstverk
  • Renessanse
  • Naturalism
  • Iconografi
  • Altarskjerm
  • Contraposto
  • Religiøs kunst