Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems: 5 Forces Impacting Our Lives

00:05:49
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6pUQ4EDHeQ

Summary

TLDRI 1964 presenterte psykologen Uri Bronfenbrenner sin økologiske systemteori for den amerikanske kongressen, og argumenterte for at barns utvikling påvirkes av deres miljø. Teorien skiller mellom fem økologiske krefter: mikrosystem, mesosystem, eksosystem, makrosystem og kronosystem. Bronfenbrenner fokuserte på hvordan disse kreftene samarbeider for å forme barns livserfaringer og muligheter. Hans arbeid ledet til etableringen av Head Start-programmet i 1965, som støtter barn fra vanskeligstilte bakgrunner. Ved å forstå den viktige rollen miljøet spiller, bidro hans forskning til å inspirere nye tilnærminger til barneoppdragelse og utdanning.

Takeaways

  • 👶 Bronfenbrenner utfordret ideen om at fattigdom er genetisk.
  • 🏠 Mikrosystemet inkluderer familie og nære relasjoner.
  • ⚙️ Mesosystemet påvirker relasjoner mellom viktige voksne i barnets liv.
  • 🌐 Makrosystemet omhandler samfunnets normer og kultur.
  • ⏳ Kronosystemet viser hvordan tid påvirker barnets utvikling.

Timeline

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:49

    I 1964 stod den unge psykologen Uri Bronfenbrenner foran den amerikanske kongressen med en misjon om å endre folks oppfatninger om fattigdom. Han ønsket å fremheve at miljøet barn vokser opp i, er like viktig som biologi for deres utvikling. Bronfenbrenners Økologiske Systemteori identifiserer fem økologiske krefter som påvirker barn: mikrosystem, mesosystem, eksosystem, makrosystem og kronosystem. Mikrosystemet inkluderer direkte påvirkninger fra familie og venner, mens mesosystemet omhandler relasjoner mellom disse. Eksosystemet adresserer sosiale sammenhenger som ikke direkte involverer barnet. Makrosystemet ser på de overordnede kulturelle og sosiale normene, og kronosystemet vurderer tid og endringer over et liv. Gjennom sin teori underbygget Bronfenbrenner at barn fra vanskeligere miljøer trenger støtte fra både familien og samfunnet for å lykkes.

Mind Map

Video Q&A

  • Hvem var Uri Bronfenbrenner?

    Uri Bronfenbrenner var en psykolog som utviklet økologisk systemteori.

  • Hva er økologisk systemteori?

    Det er en teori som beskriver hvordan barn påvirkes av ulike krefter i deres miljø.

  • Hvor mange barn har Head Start-programmet hjulpet?

    Over 35 millioner barn.

  • Hva er forskjellen mellom økologisk systemteori og bioøkologisk modell?

    Bioøkologisk modellen anerkjenner også interaksjonen mellom gener og miljø.

  • Når presenterte Bronfenbrenner sin teori for kongressen?

    I 1964.

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  • 00:00:00
    In 1964, a young psychologist appeared  before the US congress with a mission.
  • 00:00:05
    It was a time when most people thought  that the reason poor people stayed poor
  • 00:00:08
    was a matter of biology and had nothing to  do with the environment they grew up in.
  • 00:00:12
    The psychologist, Uri Bronfenbrenner, wanted  to change that and convince the world that
  • 00:00:17
    to help those less fortunate, we also need to  change their surroundings. But did he succeed?
  • 00:00:28
    Bronfenbrenner's Ecological System Theory conceives that a child is influenced by five
  • 00:00:32
    ecological forces.
  • 00:00:34
    First comes the microsystem of family and friends that affect the child directly.Second
  • 00:00:39
    are the forces of the connections between the people around the child:parents with teachers
  • 00:00:44
    and teachers with peers.
  • 00:00:45
    Then there are links between social settings that do not directly involve the child,such
  • 00:00:50
    as the father with his boss,the peers with their parents and the teacher with the principal.
  • 00:00:55
    Next, is the overarching culture, religion and social norms that influences all others.And
  • 00:01:01
    lastly, there is time - which changes everything over the course of one’s life.
  • 00:01:08
    Children are born into a Microsystem that influences the child's experiences directly.
  • 00:01:13
    Children from unfortunate backgrounds are more likely to experience problematic family
  • 00:01:18
    structures -even if it’s simply for the fact that parenting is more difficult if you
  • 00:01:22
    are poor.They also encounter more negative situations at school or bad influences through
  • 00:01:27
    friends.
  • 00:01:28
    Consequently, a child that grows up in a negative microsystem,will find it hard to succeed.
  • 00:01:35
    The Mesosystem represents the interconnections between the elements that surround the child.
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    For example the relationship between the father and the school teachers.
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    If the father doesn’t get along with a teacher,the child might suffer.
  • 00:01:50
    The EXOSYSTEM involves links between social settings that do not involve the child.For
  • 00:01:55
    example, a child's experience at home can be influenced by their parent's experiences
  • 00:01:59
    at work.
  • 00:02:00
    If the mother loses her job, there might be more arguments with the father,resulting in
  • 00:02:04
    changes in their interaction with the child.
  • 00:02:09
    The MACROSYSTEMdescribes the overarching culture that influences all other systems,such as
  • 00:02:15
    a child’s geographic location and ethnicity.
  • 00:02:18
    Intelligent people who happen to live in bad places are more likely to move to better ones.But
  • 00:02:23
    that also means that they are more likely to be strangers in a richer society.
  • 00:02:27
    So regardless of the child’s biological potential or upbringing, on a macro level
  • 00:02:32
    he or she may still be at a disadvantage.
  • 00:02:37
    The CHRONOSYSTEM,refers to changes in the child,and the environment over time.As the
  • 00:02:42
    child grows up the parents may stop loving each other and divorce, which can be traumatic
  • 00:02:46
    for an eight year old boy.Five years later, he may have come to terms with how things
  • 00:02:50
    turned out.But when the boy turns 16, his mom’s new boyfriend moves into their tiny
  • 00:02:56
    apartment, and things get difficult again.[4]
  • 00:03:00
    Bronfenbrenner, who was influenced by Lev Vygotsky and Kurt Lewin, convinced the US
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    congress that a child’s prospect is not genetically predestined,but is the result
  • 00:03:10
    of the larger environment they happen to be placed in.
  • 00:03:13
    Children who grow up in unfortunate social structures therefore need a form of support
  • 00:03:18
    that not only reaches their families,but also elements of their community.
  • 00:03:22
    Bronfenbrenner's theory helped form the Head Start program in 1965,a government program
  • 00:03:28
    that has served more than 35 million poor children since.
  • 00:03:34
    Decades later, Bronfenbrenner and Stephen Ceciproposed an extension of this theory,
  • 00:03:39
    called the "bioecological model,.This new model recognizes gene–environment interactions
  • 00:03:45
    and acknowledges the role of heritability, but adds that genes themselve are under the
  • 00:03:50
    influence of the environment.In other words, the process of heritability varies in a magnitude
  • 00:03:56
    of potentials.
  • 00:03:57
    How much a child can make of the potential
  • 00:03:59
    they inherit,depends on  the ecological environment.
  • 00:04:05
    Bronfenbrenner made a critical contribution to our realization that parent-child relationships
  • 00:04:10
    do not exist in a social vacuum but are embedded in the larger structures, such as community,
  • 00:04:16
    society, and culture.
  • 00:04:18
    In order to develop well, he allegedly said, “every child needs at least one adult who
  • 00:04:24
    is irrationally crazy about him or her.”
  • 00:04:29
    Now it’s your turn,make five circles, draw yourself in the center and add a timeline
  • 00:04:35
    at the bottom.
  • 00:04:36
    Then add all the people, institutions and forces that affect your life.
  • 00:04:43
    On the timeline below you can add some major events from the past and those you expect
  • 00:04:47
    in the future.
  • 00:04:48
    Can you tell how the 5 forces are shaping your life?
  • 00:04:51
    To read more about the topic or download the
  • 00:04:54
    video without background  music, visit sproutsschools.com
Tags
  • Ecological System Theory
  • Uri Bronfenbrenner
  • Head Start
  • mesosystem
  • macrosystem
  • children's development
  • bioecological model
  • chronosystem
  • social structures
  • environment