Explained In 5 Questions: World War II | Encyclopaedia Britannica

00:05:12
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tzno-WHMOn0

Summary

TLDRLa Segona Guerra Mundial, que va començar el 1 de setembre de 1939 amb la invasió de Polònia per part d'Alemanya, va ser un conflicte a escala global. Les potències de l'Eix incloïen Alemanya, Itàlia i Japó, mentre que els Aliats estaven formats per Gran Bretanya, França, els EUA i la Unió Soviètica, entre altres. Moments crítics com la Batalla de Midway i la Batalla de Stalingrad van ser determinants per al desenllaç del conflicte. La guerra a Europa va acabar el 8 de maig de 1945, i el Japó es va rendir a l'agost de 1945 després dels bombardeigs atòmics sobre les seves ciutats.

Takeaways

  • 🌍 La Segona Guerra Mundial va afectar gairebé tothom al món.
  • ⚔️ Va començar amb la invasió de Polònia el 1 de setembre de 1939.
  • 🇩🇪 Les potències de l'Eix incloïen Alemanya, Itàlia i Japó.
  • 🇺🇸 Els Aliats incloïen EUA, Gran Bretanya, França i la Unió Soviètica.
  • 📈 La Batalla de Midway va ser un punt d'inflexió al Pacífic.
  • 💔 La Batalla de Stalingrad va marcar el principi de la fi per Alemanya.
  • 🗓️ D-Day va obrir un nou front a Europa el 6 de juny de 1944.
  • 🚫 El suïcidi d'Hitler va precipitar el final de la guerra a Europa.
  • 💣 Les bombes atòmiques van forçar la rendició del Japó a l'agost de 1945.

Timeline

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:12

    La Segona Guerra Mundial va ser un conflicte immens que va afectar gairebé tothom al món i va modelar la societat actual. Va començar oficialment el 1 de setembre de 1939 amb la invasió de Polònia per part d'Alemanya, provocant que Gran Bretanya i França declaressin la guerra dos dies després. El conflicte es va expandir amb la invasió de la Unió Soviètica per Alemanya el 22 de juny de 1941 i l'atac japonès a Pearl Harbor el 7 de desembre, que va implicar els Estats Units en la guerra. Els principals combatents es van dividir en dues faccions: les potències de l'Eix (Alemanya, Japó i Itàlia) i les potències aliades (França, Gran Bretanya, Estats Units i Unió Soviètica), amb la Xina també comptant entre els aliats. Els líders de la guerra incloïen figures llegendàries com Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt i Adolf Hitler. Moments decisius com la Batalla de Midway i la Batalla de Stalingrad van marcar un canvi en el curs de la guerra, amb la derrota d'Alemanya a Stalingrad sent un punt d'inflexió. La guerra va acabar el 1945 amb la invasió aliada de Normandia i la rendició de Japó després dels bombardeigs atòmics a Hiroshima i Nagasaki.

Mind Map

Video Q&A

  • Què va desencadenar la Segona Guerra Mundial?

    La guerra va començar oficialment el 1 de setembre de 1939, amb la invasió de Polònia per part d'Alemanya.

  • Quines eren les potències de l'Eix durant la guerra?

    Les potències de l'Eix eren Alemanya, Itàlia i Japó.

  • Quins eren els líders dels Aliats?

    Els líders dels Aliats incloïen Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt, i Charles de Gaulle.

  • Quina va ser la importància de la Batalla de Midway?

    La Batalla de Midway, que va començar el 3 de juny de 1942, va marcar un gir en la guerra al front del Pacífic a favor dels EUA.

  • Com va acabar la guerra a Europa?

    La guerra a Europa va acabar el 8 de maig de 1945, després del suïcidi d'Hitler i la invasió aliada de Berlín.

  • Quins esdeveniments van portar a la rendició del Japó?

    La rendició del Japó va ser precipitada per les bombes atòmiques sobre Hiroshima i Nagasaki i la intensa campanya d'illa per part dels EUA.

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  • 00:00:04
    SPEAKER: The Second World War was a conflict so vast and destructive
  • 00:00:07
    that it affected almost everyone on Earth and shaped the world we live in today.
  • 00:00:12
    How did this cataclysmic series of events begin?
  • 00:00:15
    Though tensions had been simmering in Europe for years,
  • 00:00:18
    war officially began on September 1, 1939, when Germany invaded Poland.
  • 00:00:24
    But it wasn't just a German-Polish war.
  • 00:00:26
    It was a world war.
  • 00:00:30
    Britain and France responded just two days later by declaring war on Germany on September 3rd.
  • 00:00:36
    But was that the end of it?
  • 00:00:38
    Not by a long shot.
  • 00:00:39
    Germany invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941.
  • 00:00:44
    Then, on December 7, Germany's ally, Japan, spread the war across the Pacific Ocean
  • 00:00:48
    by launching an attack on the American Naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.
  • 00:00:53
    FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT: The United States of America
  • 00:00:55
    was suddenly and deliberately attacked by Naval and air forces of the empire of Japan.
  • 00:01:04
    SPEAKER: Watching Hollywood movies, you could have
  • 00:01:06
    been led to think that most of the action in World War II
  • 00:01:08
    happened between Germany and America, with Britain showing up for a few aerial battles
  • 00:01:13
    here and there.
  • 00:01:14
    But which countries actually fought in the war?
  • 00:01:17
    In fact, many nations were touched by the conflict,
  • 00:01:19
    but the main combatants can be grouped into two opposing factions--
  • 00:01:24
    Germany, Japan, and Italy where the Axis powers.
  • 00:01:27
    France, Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union were the Allied powers.
  • 00:01:32
    China, which had been engaged in a war with Japan concurrently with World War II,
  • 00:01:36
    is also sometimes counted among the Allied powers.
  • 00:01:39
    With so many powerful nations involved, World War II demanded uncommon leadership.
  • 00:01:44
    Many of the leaders of the time are almost legendary figures today,
  • 00:01:48
    some seen as heroes and some as history's greatest monsters.
  • 00:01:52
    Who were the leaders of the Axis and the Allies during World War II?
  • 00:01:56
    The Allied powers were led by Winston Churchill, the prime minister of the United Kingdom;
  • 00:02:01
    Joseph Stalin, premier of the Soviet Union; Charles de Gaulle, leader
  • 00:02:05
    of the French resistance; and Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States.
  • 00:02:10
    Due to Roosevelt's death, in the final days of the war,
  • 00:02:12
    the United States was led by President Harry S. Truman.
  • 00:02:16
    The Axis powers were led by a man whose name is now synonymous with evil--
  • 00:02:20
    Adolf Hitler, the chancellor of Nazi Germany, along with Benito Mussolini,
  • 00:02:25
    prime minister of Italy, and Hideki Tojo, prime minister of Japan, succeeded Kuniaki Koiso.
  • 00:02:32
    World War II lasted for more than five years, and in that time,
  • 00:02:35
    a few pivotal events stand out.
  • 00:02:38
    Even in a war of this massive scale, some days are known for turning the tide of history.
  • 00:02:43
    What decisive moments helped determine the course of the war?
  • 00:02:46
    On June 3, 1942, the Battle of Midway began, and it was a big one.
  • 00:02:51
    The battle lasted for four days and resulted in American forces
  • 00:02:55
    destroying Japan's first-line carrier force.
  • 00:02:58
    This is widely recognized as the point at which the Pacific front of the war
  • 00:03:02
    turned against Japan.
  • 00:03:03
    Along with the Battle of Guadalcanal in late 1942 and early 1943,
  • 00:03:08
    Midway ended Japan's ability to prosecute an offensive war.
  • 00:03:12
    Meanwhile, the tides of war turned in Europe in February of 1943
  • 00:03:16
    when Germany met a decisive defeat at the hands of the Soviet Union
  • 00:03:20
    at the Battle of Stalingrad.
  • 00:03:22
    More than one million Soviet troops and tens of thousands of civilians died in this epic battle
  • 00:03:27
    in defense of the city.
  • 00:03:29
    However, the cost to Germany was the destruction of two entire armies and a failure
  • 00:03:34
    to take Stalingrad.
  • 00:03:35
    This defeat was the beginning of the end for Germany on the Eastern front of the war.
  • 00:03:40
    After more than five years of grueling conflict, World War II finely ground to a halt in 1945.
  • 00:03:46
    How did it end?
  • 00:03:48
    The final stages of the war in Europe began with the Allied invasion of Normandy.
  • 00:03:52
    D-Day, as it is known, was June 6, 1944.
  • 00:03:56
    This invasion opened a second front in Europe.
  • 00:04:00
    Germany made a final offensive push in the winter of 1944 and 1945 in the Ardennes,
  • 00:04:05
    but this effort was a failure.
  • 00:04:08
    With the Red Army advancing from the east, claiming territory for the Soviets,
  • 00:04:11
    and American and British troops advancing through France from the west,
  • 00:04:14
    the Allied forces converged on Berlin.
  • 00:04:18
    Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945.
  • 00:04:22
    The war in Europe officially ended days later, on May 8th.
  • 00:04:26
    The war in the Pacific, however, kept grinding on into the summer.
  • 00:04:29
    The American island-hopping campaign had taken a toll on Japanese installations in the Pacific.
  • 00:04:35
    Firebombing campaigns killed hundreds of thousands of people in Japanese cities,
  • 00:04:39
    and the sheer horror of the atomic bombs that struck Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August
  • 00:04:44
    of 1945, along with the threat of Soviet invasion, finally
  • 00:04:48
    knocked out Japan out of the war.
  • 00:04:51
    DOUGLAS MACARTHUR: I now invite the representatives of the Emperor of Japan
  • 00:04:57
    to sign the Instrument of Surrender at the places indicated.
Tags
  • Segona Guerra Mundial
  • Eix
  • Aliats
  • batalles clau
  • Hitler
  • Stalingrad
  • Midway
  • D-Day
  • rendició
  • història