RUDIMENTS OF MUSIC AND ITS FUNDAMENTALS

00:28:30
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XFvgb2dqxWk

Summary

TLDRThis lesson covers the fundamental aspects of music, elaborating on elements like pitch notation, grand staff, ledger lines, and clefs, including treble and bass clefs. Students will learn to recognize musical symbols that specify pitch, duration, and intonation. The lesson discusses whole, half, quarter, eighth, and sixteenth notes in relation to note duration. It explains musical intervals, emphasizing the use of separate major and minor scales, and addresses natural notes (C, D, E, F, G, A, B) alongside accidentals (sharps and flats). Building scales, such as major and minor scales, is part of learning, including practical exercises like creating improvised piano pieces. The lesson intends to enhance understanding and execution of musical elements, enabling students to read and perform music.

Takeaways

  • 🎵 Understand basic music elements.
  • 🎹 Learn to read pitch notation.
  • 🎼 Recognize grand staff and ledger lines.
  • 🎶 Differentiate clefs: treble & bass.
  • 🔗 Connect intervals in music.
  • 🎤 Comprehend solfege and its usage.
  • ♯ Explore sharps, flats, and naturals.
  • 🎸 Build scales: major & minor.
  • 🎧 Interpret note duration effectively.
  • 🎷 Develop skills in music notation.

Timeline

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The lesson covers the fundamentals of music, including technical aspects like pitch annotation, grand staff, ledger lines, different clefs, intervals, and major keys. By the end of the unit, students should understand musical elements, identify clef formations, memorize notes in bass and treble clefs, and apply this knowledge to improvisation and analysis.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    The lesson explains notation, equating musical pitches to alphabet letters and solfege syllables. The staff, composed of lines and spaces, assigns notes to fingers on a keyboard influenced by treble (G) and bass (F) clefs. Ledger lines extend staff beyond the available space, linking notes together and highlighting the middle C as a central reference.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    The discussion extends to note durations, highlighting whole, half, quarter, eighth, and sixteenth notes and their respective rests, demonstrating the correlation between their time signatures. Rests introduce moments of silence within musical pieces, aligned in duration with their equivalent notes. Visual aids illustrate these relationships.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    The lesson advances to pitch, distinguishing natural notes (C, D, E, F, G, A, B) and their relation to sharp and flat notes situated on the keyboard’s black keys. A half step, the shortest distance between two keys, distinguishes sharp (higher) and flat (lower) notes, while whole steps span two half steps. Enharmonic spellings and accidentals modify note pitch within compositions.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:28:30

    The class concludes with major and minor scales, outlining step-by-step construction using whole and half steps. Examples include the C major, A flat, D major scales and variations in minor scales, emphasizing the natural minor. Through these patterns, students learn scale characteristics, ensuring keen awareness of alterations like sharps and flats and their impact on musical structure.

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Mind Map

Video Q&A

  • What is the focus of the lesson?

    The lesson focuses on the rudiments and fundamentals of music.

  • What can you learn about music notation from this lesson?

    You can learn about pitch notation, the grand staff, different clefs, ledger lines, and intervals in major keys.

  • What are the goals by the end of the unit?

    By the end of the unit, you should be able to demonstrate an understanding of musical elements, apply music notation skills, and create improvised piano pieces.

  • What is the importance of the grand staff in music?

    The grand staff, which consists of 11 lines, helps in understanding the relationship between the treble and bass clefs.

  • How are notes organized on the staff?

    Notes on the staff are assigned to lines and spaces, with the treble clef (G clef) and bass clef (F clef) indicating specific notes.

  • What are ledger lines?

    Ledger lines are small lines that extend the staff when there is no more room to place notes.

  • How are pitches named in western musical notation?

    Pitches are named using the alphabet letters C, D, E, F, G, A, and B.

  • What is the significance of solfège in music?

    Solfège is a method of assigning syllables to pitches, which aids in music reading and singing.

  • What is an accidental in music notation?

    An accidental is a symbol (such as sharp, flat, or natural) used to raise or lower the pitch of a note.

  • What is the concept of a scale in music?

    A scale is a series of notes in ascending or descending order, such as the major scale made from a specific pattern of whole and half steps.

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  • 00:00:00
    good day everyone our lesson for the day
  • 00:00:03
    is all about rudiments of music and its
  • 00:00:06
    fundamentals
  • 00:00:09
    in this unit you will learn technical
  • 00:00:11
    aspect of music
  • 00:00:12
    such as pitch annotation the use of
  • 00:00:15
    grand staff
  • 00:00:16
    and ledger line different claps
  • 00:00:19
    intervals
  • 00:00:20
    in major keys are also part of this unit
  • 00:00:25
    at the end of this unit you're able to
  • 00:00:29
    demonstrate understanding of musical
  • 00:00:31
    element features
  • 00:00:32
    in pitch notation in music
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    identify the selected claps formation
  • 00:00:39
    and its purposes
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    memorize perceptibly the notes in bass
  • 00:00:45
    clep
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    and treble clef apply knowledge and
  • 00:00:49
    skills
  • 00:00:50
    in music notation
  • 00:00:54
    create an appropriate improvised piano
  • 00:00:58
    analyze the harmonious relationship of
  • 00:01:01
    both sharpened flat notes
  • 00:01:03
    to each other find out the definition of
  • 00:01:07
    intervals and their correlation of
  • 00:01:10
    intonation
  • 00:01:10
    using both sharp and flat notes
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    understand the value of half step and
  • 00:01:18
    whole step
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    using the key of c major
  • 00:01:22
    [Music]
  • 00:01:24
    music described as written worksheet
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    about symbols
  • 00:01:28
    specifying the pitch and precising the
  • 00:01:30
    symbol
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    into its factors each indicating
  • 00:01:34
    such instructions about the sounds of
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    music
  • 00:01:38
    whether it's slow or maybe high symbols
  • 00:01:41
    that indicate
  • 00:01:42
    timing provide directions on how long to
  • 00:01:45
    play
  • 00:01:46
    or seeing a piece of music
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    these symbols are truly combined to the
  • 00:01:53
    ways for music notations
  • 00:01:56
    when you dominate the rudiments of music
  • 00:01:58
    and its fundamentals
  • 00:02:00
    you will be able to read music notation
  • 00:02:02
    and perform
  • 00:02:03
    as musician or singer
  • 00:02:08
    the notation is commonly known as
  • 00:02:10
    western musical
  • 00:02:12
    notation music pitches are designed
  • 00:02:15
    by an alphabet letter as c
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    d e f
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    g a and b
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    in other musical notation which is
  • 00:02:28
    sulfate syllables
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    are engaged to designated pitches as
  • 00:02:32
    syllable formation letters
  • 00:02:34
    as
  • 00:02:44
    and it's more often to use by musicians
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    than
  • 00:02:47
    singers here is the equivalent of pitch
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    name
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    to solfege syllables
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    c is though
  • 00:02:59
    e is me f is
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    so here's the figure of piano showing
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    the repetition of notes according to the
  • 00:03:14
    western
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    musical notation
  • 00:03:19
    [Music]
  • 00:03:26
    now let us discuss the staff claps
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    and ledger lines the staff is the
  • 00:03:33
    foundation upon which
  • 00:03:35
    notes are drawn the modern staff
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    comprises five lines and four spaces
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    [Music]
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    every line or space on the staff
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    represents
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    a white key on the keyboard
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    claps assign individual notes to certain
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    lines or spaces
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    [Music]
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    two clips are normally used the treble
  • 00:04:00
    clef
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    and bass clap
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    [Music]
  • 00:04:04
    first we'll discuss the treble clef
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    tribal clap is also called
  • 00:04:09
    the g-clad
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    the stuff line which the clap wraps
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    around shown in red
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    is known as g any note placed
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    on this line becomes g
  • 00:04:28
    [Music]
  • 00:04:33
    the note on the space above g is
  • 00:04:36
    a remember there is not
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    an h note the note on the line above
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    a is b this process
  • 00:04:48
    continues we just run out of room to
  • 00:04:51
    place notes
  • 00:04:52
    what happens now ledger lines
  • 00:04:55
    will solve our dilemma a ledger line
  • 00:05:00
    is a small line that extends the staff
  • 00:05:03
    when we run out of room
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    with the ledger line drawn we can place
  • 00:05:09
    the
  • 00:05:10
    a
  • 00:05:13
    next let's discuss the bass clip
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    bass clap is also called the f
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    clef the stop line in between the two
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    dots
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    of the clap is f
  • 00:05:28
    [Music]
  • 00:05:35
    we can now fill the rest of the stuff
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    with notes
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    finally we will discuss the grand staff
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    a theoretical staff
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    consisting of 11 lines
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    watch what happens when we eliminate the
  • 00:05:53
    middle line
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    we end up with two regular steps
  • 00:05:59
    by adding a treble clef to the top stop
  • 00:06:02
    and a base clamp to the bottom stop we
  • 00:06:05
    can see the relationship
  • 00:06:07
    between the two steps
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    [Music]
  • 00:06:10
    notice how the two claps are joined
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    by the c shown in red
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    this c is commonly called middle
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    c since it corresponds to the middle
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    staff line
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    on the grand staff
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    so now let's have this treble clef or g
  • 00:06:32
    clip
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    face f a
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    c e now
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    how about in the line notes
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    or g
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    every good boy deserves fudge
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    every good boy deserves fudge
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    again space notes face
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    line notes every good boy deserves
  • 00:07:42
    fudge
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    [Music]
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    now we have bass clep or f clap
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    so paramas madalina notes
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    a space and lines the f clap
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    let's have this mini
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    in space notes a bass clef or f
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    clip i know it's na a
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    c e g
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    [Music]
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    all cows eat grass
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    all cows eat grass
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    next line notes among notes
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    bears don't fly airplanes
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    grizzly bears don't fly airplanes
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    so again space notes
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    all cows eat grass lying notes
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    grizzly bears don't fly
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    [Music]
  • 00:09:06
    airplanes
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    the length of time that a note is played
  • 00:09:13
    is called
  • 00:09:14
    its note duration which is determined by
  • 00:09:18
    the type of note
  • 00:09:20
    the whole note has the longest note
  • 00:09:23
    duration
  • 00:09:24
    in modern music the half note
  • 00:09:28
    has half the duration of a whole note
  • 00:09:33
    two half notes occupy the same amount of
  • 00:09:35
    time
  • 00:09:36
    as one whole note
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    [Music]
  • 00:09:40
    the quarter note is a fourth or a
  • 00:09:43
    quarter
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    of a whole note
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    four quarter notes occupy the same
  • 00:09:49
    amount of time
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    as one whole note two
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    quarter notes equal the duration of a
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    half note
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    notes is smaller in duration then a
  • 00:10:03
    quarter note
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    have flags each flag
  • 00:10:08
    have the value of a note
  • 00:10:10
    [Music]
  • 00:10:11
    an eighth note has one flag
  • 00:10:15
    therefore 2 8 notes occupy the same
  • 00:10:19
    amount of time
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    as one quarter note
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    a 16th note has two flags
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    having the value again
  • 00:10:32
    two sixteenth notes equal the duration
  • 00:10:35
    of an eighth note
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    four sixteenth notes occupy the same
  • 00:10:41
    amount of time
  • 00:10:43
    as one quarter note
  • 00:10:47
    although it is possible to have notes
  • 00:10:49
    with three or more
  • 00:10:51
    flags they are seldom used
  • 00:10:54
    this chart displays the relationship of
  • 00:10:57
    all five note types
  • 00:10:59
    discussed in this lesson
  • 00:11:01
    [Music]
  • 00:11:03
    rests represent periods of silence
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    in a measure
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    each type of rest shares a duration with
  • 00:11:13
    a certain type of
  • 00:11:14
    note for example
  • 00:11:17
    both the quarter rest and a quarter note
  • 00:11:20
    occupy the same amount of time
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    while the note would make a sound the
  • 00:11:27
    rest
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    is silent to demonstrate this
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    let's fill a measure of word for time
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    with quarter notes
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    when played all four notes sound
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    [Music]
  • 00:11:50
    next we will replace the second quarter
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    note with the quarter
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    rest when played the second beat
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    is now silent
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    next let's discuss the other types of
  • 00:12:13
    rest
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    a whole rest occupies the same amount of
  • 00:12:20
    time
  • 00:12:20
    as a whole note it is drawn
  • 00:12:24
    as a box descending from the fourth
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    staff
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    line a half press occupies
  • 00:12:30
    the same amount of time as a half note
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    it is drawn as a box ascending from the
  • 00:12:38
    middle staff
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    line like notes
  • 00:12:43
    rests can have flags
  • 00:12:47
    with one flag an eight rest has
  • 00:12:50
    the same duration as an eighth note
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    with two flags a sixteenth rest has the
  • 00:12:57
    same duration
  • 00:12:59
    as a sixteenth note
  • 00:13:02
    although raider rests can have
  • 00:13:06
    three or more flags
  • 00:13:09
    [Music]
  • 00:13:11
    use this chart for reference to rest
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    duration
  • 00:13:20
    [Music]
  • 00:13:27
    peach sharp flats and natural notes
  • 00:13:32
    so before we start the topic please
  • 00:13:35
    create an improvised piano
  • 00:13:37
    like this picture above
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    [Music]
  • 00:13:41
    what is pitch and natural note
  • 00:13:45
    the pitch means that the note identifies
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    on how the lowness or highness of it
  • 00:13:50
    sounds
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    which depends on the frequency but
  • 00:13:54
    musicians
  • 00:13:55
    or singers usually not concerned to
  • 00:13:58
    discuss the wavelengths of the
  • 00:14:00
    frequencies instead
  • 00:14:03
    they give the different pitch name which
  • 00:14:05
    are
  • 00:14:06
    c d e f g
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    a and b this pitch name
  • 00:14:13
    can be found on the white piece of
  • 00:14:15
    keyboard
  • 00:14:16
    which called natural notes
  • 00:14:21
    what is sharp note and flat note
  • 00:14:25
    a sharp sign means the note
  • 00:14:28
    that is half step higher than the
  • 00:14:30
    natural note
  • 00:14:33
    a flat sign means the note that is half
  • 00:14:37
    step
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    lower than the natural note both flat
  • 00:14:41
    and sharp can be found on the black keys
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    of a keyboard
  • 00:14:50
    a half step or semitone is the distance
  • 00:14:54
    from one key on the keyboard
  • 00:14:56
    to the next adjacent key key one
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    to key two is a half step
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    since they are next to each other
  • 00:15:12
    a half step is not always from a white
  • 00:15:15
    key
  • 00:15:15
    to a black key
  • 00:15:20
    in this example t1 and t2
  • 00:15:23
    are still next to each other
  • 00:15:27
    [Music]
  • 00:15:35
    a whole step or whole tone
  • 00:15:38
    or simply tone is the same distance
  • 00:15:42
    as two half steps
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    key one to key three is a whole step
  • 00:15:55
    [Music]
  • 00:15:58
    key one to key2 is the first half step
  • 00:16:03
    key to k3 is the second half step
  • 00:16:11
    an accidental is a sign used to raise or
  • 00:16:15
    lower
  • 00:16:15
    the pitch of a note
  • 00:16:19
    the first accidentals that we will
  • 00:16:21
    discuss are the flat
  • 00:16:23
    and the sharp the flat
  • 00:16:27
    lowers a note by a half step while the
  • 00:16:30
    sharp
  • 00:16:31
    rises a note by a half step
  • 00:16:36
    when typing or writing you can use
  • 00:16:40
    a number sign to represent a sharp
  • 00:16:43
    and a b to represent
  • 00:16:46
    a flat
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    let's examine the black key in between
  • 00:16:53
    c and d so much better
  • 00:16:58
    you know improvised keyboard
  • 00:17:03
    the natural notes with sharps and flat
  • 00:17:05
    parama
  • 00:17:07
    discussion let's examine the black key
  • 00:17:11
    in between c and d
  • 00:17:16
    this key could be called c sharp
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    since it is a half step above
  • 00:17:23
    c
  • 00:17:27
    it could also be called d flat
  • 00:17:30
    since it is half step below
  • 00:17:33
    d another example
  • 00:17:37
    would be e and f
  • 00:17:41
    e could also be called f flat
  • 00:17:45
    since it is half step below f
  • 00:17:49
    likewise f could be called
  • 00:17:53
    e sharp whenever a certain pitch
  • 00:17:57
    has multiple names it is called
  • 00:18:00
    an enharmonic spelling
  • 00:18:06
    next let's discuss the double flat
  • 00:18:09
    and the double sharp
  • 00:18:13
    while flats and sharps alter a note by a
  • 00:18:16
    half step
  • 00:18:17
    the double flat and double sharp
  • 00:18:20
    alter a note by a whole step
  • 00:18:24
    when typing you can use
  • 00:18:27
    a x to represent a double sharp
  • 00:18:32
    and a b b to represent
  • 00:18:35
    a double flat for example
  • 00:18:38
    both d and e double flat
  • 00:18:42
    have the same pitch since
  • 00:18:45
    you can reach d by going a whole step
  • 00:18:49
    or two half steps down from e
  • 00:18:55
    d also sounds the same as
  • 00:18:58
    c double sharp since
  • 00:19:01
    it is a whole step above c
  • 00:19:05
    finally a natural cancels out
  • 00:19:08
    any accidental and return a note to its
  • 00:19:11
    original white key
  • 00:19:18
    [Music]
  • 00:19:22
    major keys and scale
  • 00:19:27
    a scale is a variety of certain notes
  • 00:19:31
    within an octave it's made up of seven
  • 00:19:34
    notes
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    at the eighth note duplicates the first
  • 00:19:37
    note which in
  • 00:19:39
    higher octave the first scale that we
  • 00:19:43
    will discuss
  • 00:19:44
    is the major scale the major scale
  • 00:19:48
    is constructed with this formula
  • 00:19:52
    w's represent full steps
  • 00:19:56
    and h represent half step
  • 00:19:59
    again much better improves
  • 00:20:09
    let's build a c major scale our starting
  • 00:20:12
    note
  • 00:20:13
    will be c from the c
  • 00:20:17
    we will take a whole step to d
  • 00:20:21
    from the d we will take another whole
  • 00:20:24
    step
  • 00:20:25
    to e next we will go
  • 00:20:28
    up a half step to f
  • 00:20:32
    from f the whole step will take
  • 00:20:36
    us to g next
  • 00:20:39
    is another whole step to a
  • 00:20:43
    the last two step takes us to b
  • 00:20:47
    finally the half step returns us
  • 00:20:50
    to c c major
  • 00:20:54
    is c d
  • 00:20:57
    e f g
  • 00:21:00
    a b c
  • 00:21:20
    next we will build the a flat major
  • 00:21:23
    scale
  • 00:21:24
    our starting note will be e flat
  • 00:21:28
    the first full step takes us to f
  • 00:21:33
    the second whole step takes us to g
  • 00:21:38
    notice that the half step from g
  • 00:21:41
    takes us to a flat not
  • 00:21:44
    a the whole step
  • 00:21:48
    from a flat takes us to bitcla
  • 00:21:53
    the next whole step takes us to c
  • 00:21:58
    the next whole step takes us
  • 00:22:01
    to d finally
  • 00:22:04
    the half step from d returns us
  • 00:22:07
    to e flat e flat major
  • 00:22:12
    is e flat f
  • 00:22:15
    g a flat b flat
  • 00:22:19
    c d e flat
  • 00:22:29
    [Music]
  • 00:22:39
    notice the e flat major has three flats
  • 00:22:43
    both e-flats only count once
  • 00:22:47
    [Music]
  • 00:22:50
    for our final scale we will build the
  • 00:22:54
    d major scale
  • 00:22:57
    the first full step takes us to e
  • 00:23:01
    from the e the second whole step takes
  • 00:23:05
    us to f sharp
  • 00:23:08
    the half step takes us to g
  • 00:23:12
    the whole step takes us to a
  • 00:23:16
    from a the whole step takes
  • 00:23:19
    us to b from the b
  • 00:23:23
    the whole step takes us to c sharp
  • 00:23:27
    [Music]
  • 00:23:29
    finally the half step returns us
  • 00:23:32
    to d d major
  • 00:23:36
    is d e
  • 00:23:40
    f sharp g a
  • 00:23:43
    b c sharp and d
  • 00:23:48
    notice that the d major has two sharps
  • 00:23:53
    it is possible to build any major scale
  • 00:23:57
    just start on the first note and follow
  • 00:24:00
    the formula
  • 00:24:02
    pull
  • 00:24:07
    [Music]
  • 00:24:10
    while there's only one major scale
  • 00:24:13
    three different variations of the minor
  • 00:24:15
    scale
  • 00:24:16
    exists the minor scale that we will
  • 00:24:20
    discuss
  • 00:24:21
    is a natural minor it's constructed with
  • 00:24:24
    this formula
  • 00:24:26
    wool hat wool
  • 00:24:30
    whole half whole
  • 00:24:33
    pool let's build
  • 00:24:36
    an a natural minor scale our starting
  • 00:24:40
    note
  • 00:24:40
    will be a
  • 00:24:44
    from a we take a whole step to b
  • 00:24:48
    next we take a half step to c
  • 00:24:53
    from c a whole step takes us
  • 00:24:57
    to d another whole step
  • 00:25:00
    takes us to e from
  • 00:25:03
    e we go up a half step
  • 00:25:06
    to f from f a whole step
  • 00:25:10
    takes us to g finally
  • 00:25:14
    the last full step returns us to a
  • 00:25:18
    a natural minor is
  • 00:25:21
    a b c
  • 00:25:24
    d e f
  • 00:25:28
    g and a
  • 00:25:40
    notice that the a natural minor scale
  • 00:25:44
    has no notes with accidentals
  • 00:25:48
    let's build an g-sharp natural minor
  • 00:25:51
    scale
  • 00:25:53
    our starting note will be g sharp
  • 00:25:57
    from g sharp we take a whole step
  • 00:26:00
    to a sharp next
  • 00:26:03
    we take a half step to b
  • 00:26:06
    from b a whole step takes
  • 00:26:10
    us to c sharp another whole step
  • 00:26:14
    takes us to d shot
  • 00:26:17
    from d sharp we go up a half step
  • 00:26:20
    to e from e a whole step
  • 00:26:25
    takes us to f sharp finally
  • 00:26:29
    the last two step returns us to g
  • 00:26:32
    sharp
  • 00:26:35
    g sharp natural minor is
  • 00:26:39
    g sharp a sharp b
  • 00:26:43
    c sharp d sharp e
  • 00:26:47
    f sharp and g sharp
  • 00:26:53
    [Music]
  • 00:26:59
    notice that the g-sharp natural minor
  • 00:27:02
    scale
  • 00:27:02
    has five sharps
  • 00:27:06
    next we will construct the c natural
  • 00:27:09
    minor scale
  • 00:27:11
    our starting note will be c
  • 00:27:16
    the whole step takes us to d
  • 00:27:21
    from d a half step takes us
  • 00:27:24
    to e flat the following
  • 00:27:27
    whole step takes us to f
  • 00:27:31
    from f a whole step takes
  • 00:27:34
    us to g the half step
  • 00:27:37
    from g takes us to a flat
  • 00:27:41
    from a flat we take a whole step
  • 00:27:44
    to b flat the final full step
  • 00:27:48
    returns us to c
  • 00:27:51
    c natural minor is c
  • 00:27:55
    d e flat f
  • 00:27:59
    g a flat b
  • 00:28:02
    flat
  • 00:28:04
    [Music]
  • 00:28:14
    not is that the c natural minor scale
  • 00:28:18
    has three flats
  • 00:28:19
    [Music]
  • 00:28:21
    i hope that you learned a lot from our
  • 00:28:23
    lesson
  • 00:28:24
    see on our next unit
Tags
  • Music
  • Rudiments
  • Pitch
  • Grand Staff
  • Ledger Lines
  • Intervals
  • Major Keys
  • Treble Clef
  • Bass Clef
  • Music Notation