How does your body know you're full? - Hilary Coller
Summary
TLDRHunger and fullness are sensations managed by complex interactions between the stomach, hormones, and brain. When food fills the stomach, the stretching of its walls is detected by nerves that send signals to the brain via the vagus nerve. Additionally, the presence of nutrients triggers the release of hormones, such as cholecystokinin and leptin. These hormones interact with the hypothalamus in the brain to regulate the feelings of hunger and satiety. Cholecystokinin reduces the desire to eat by decreasing the reward feeling from food and slowing the stomach's emptying process. Meanwhile, leptin, released by fat cells, inhibits hunger-related neurons while activating those that suppress appetite. Foods high in protein, fiber, and water increase satiety and are more fulfilling than others. Despite the temporary feeling of fullness, stomach contractions and hormones like ghrelin eventually rekindle the sensation of hunger.
Takeaways
- 🧠 Fullness is detected by stomach stretching and nerve signals to the brain.
- 💡 Cholecystokinin reduces food reward feelings and slows digestion.
- 🐢 Eating slowly helps in recognizing fullness better.
- 🔄 Hormones like leptin and cholecystokinin regulate appetite.
- 🍽 Foods rich in protein, fiber, and water sustain fullness longer.
- 😩 Ghrelin and other hormones trigger hunger after some time.
- 📊 The hypothalamus plays a key role in managing hunger and fullness.
- 🏋️ Protein and fiber-rich foods prolong satiety.
- 🚰 Water content in food aids in filling you up.
- 🍞 Croissants are less satisfying than boiled potatoes.
Timeline
- 00:00:00 - 00:04:33
Hunger leads to a strong physical sensation that is hard to ignore. Upon eating, the sensation of fullness begins as food travels down the esophagus to the stomach, stretching it. This stretching activates nerves that communicate with the brain via the vagus nerve, alongside hormones that signal the presence of nutrients, affecting the hypothalamus to moderate appetite and induce fullness. Hormones like cholecystokinin and leptin play crucial roles in this regulation, affecting both the speed of digestion and the hunger-related neuron activity. Eventually, the body's hormonal and neural signals convey a sensation of fullness, which varies with different types of food. However, after digestion, hunger resurfaces as hormones such as ghrelin prompt a resurgence of appetite.
Mind Map
Video Q&A
How does the body know when it's full?
The body senses fullness through mechanisms involving the stretching of the stomach wall, hormones released in response to nutrients, and neural signals to the brain.
What role does cholecystokinin play in feeling full?
Cholecystokinin is a hormone that reduces the feeling of reward from eating, slows stomach emptying, and helps signal fullness to the brain.
Why does eating slowly help you feel fuller?
Eating slowly allows time for your body to register fullness through hormone signals and stomach stretching.
How do hormones influence hunger and fullness?
Hormones like cholecystokinin and leptin send signals to the hypothalamus to moderate appetite by either reducing the sensation of reward from food or inhibiting hunger-causing neurons.
What is leptin and its function in hunger regulation?
Leptin is a hormone released by fat cells that inhibits hunger-related neurons in the hypothalamus and stimulates neurons that suppress hunger.
How do nerves contribute to the feeling of fullness?
Nerves wrapped around the stomach detect stretching and send signals via the vagus nerve to the brain to indicate fullness.
What foods are most satisfying in terms of fullness?
Foods high in protein, fiber, and water content, such as boiled potatoes, are known to produce longer-lasting fullness.
What triggers the feeling of hunger after some time of fullness?
Hormones like ghrelin are produced when the stomach is empty, increasing hunger signals in the hypothalamus.
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- fullness
- hormones
- brain
- neuroscience
- appetite
- cholecystokinin
- leptin
- ghrelin
- hypothalamus
- digestive system