00:00:13
my people have asked that not be given
00:00:16
independence if possible during 1957
00:00:22
[Music]
00:00:30
[Music]
00:00:36
[Music]
00:00:38
to the people of ma I say do your duty
00:00:42
to your country to obtain independence
00:00:46
yes well that's typical then to maintain
00:00:49
there are demands on you sacrifices and
00:00:55
undivided loyalty to your country
00:01:01
[Music]
00:01:08
[Applause]
00:01:17
[Music]
00:01:37
[Music]
00:01:45
[Applause]
00:01:55
the chipiya Hadiya Merdeka for Scruton
00:01:58
tanana upon daddy
00:02:00
ah ha leepu - behind banks the banks of
00:02:01
the château de la Mucha Pena
00:02:03
doctor-doctor smile baccata Tomica me
00:02:16
Jelena prolly hee ha done to our heroes
00:02:19
began a gallery and Biba's Merdeka
00:02:21
Danvers at apado
00:02:22
the entire Negara Negara baba's d jr
00:02:27
[Music]
00:02:29
after independence the British leave
00:02:32
Malaya with a heavy heart everybody very
00:02:51
enthusiastic spirit we just been
00:02:53
independent the government under the
00:02:56
leadership of ten kahramana terraza we
00:02:59
were rich we were the number one rubber
00:03:02
and tin produce in the world
00:03:04
and out of that income rebuilt the
00:03:07
country
00:03:09
this is an exciting time for Milan's
00:03:13
independence heralds a prosperous future
00:03:16
that will be built on a multiracial
00:03:18
society we meet the Chinese to make
00:03:24
things happen and the Chinese need a
00:03:27
Malaysia to maintain the stability of
00:03:29
the country so that the business and
00:03:31
public
00:03:32
[Music]
00:03:45
this progress encourages Prime Minister
00:03:49
Tunku Abdul Rahman by his side as his
00:03:54
trusted friend Deputy Prime Minister
00:03:57
Razak Hussain he was a good number - he
00:04:02
did everything
00:04:03
the Cougars preside and that will bring
00:04:05
him happy he just ran through the agenda
00:04:07
kala
00:04:08
let's have maka tunku's charisma charges
00:04:12
a positive atmosphere creating a
00:04:15
conducive working environment one of his
00:04:19
most trusted cabinet members is finance
00:04:22
minister Tom's shusun he said that Tunku
00:04:25
was a great leader but he was not a
00:04:28
finance man numbers meant very little to
00:04:31
him he recall that in one occasion was
00:04:35
about a budget and to loose it it was
00:04:38
awfully long string of numbers
00:04:40
he asked my father but will you round up
00:04:42
the numbers my father said you can't do
00:04:45
that because these are very big numbers
00:04:47
you know billions of dollars just kind
00:04:48
of rounded up just make it easy for
00:04:50
everyone to remember
00:04:54
we are really representative of the
00:04:56
aspirations of the people of Malaya
00:04:58
without taking into account whether we
00:05:01
disagreed on specific issues and
00:05:02
projects the co wanted us to prosper and
00:05:06
be stable and be happy I think is
00:05:09
because Thimphu knew he could trust my
00:05:12
father and turn Raza to do the actual
00:05:14
administration that you could declare
00:05:16
himself the happiest prime minister in
00:05:19
this country with a strong team behind
00:05:22
him
00:05:22
the country enjoys rapid economic growth
00:05:26
to outsiders
00:05:27
Tunku is easily leading his Alliance
00:05:30
coalition to another victory in the next
00:05:33
general election
00:05:34
[Music]
00:05:43
however tunku's next move shocks the
00:05:46
nation
00:05:49
[Applause]
00:05:49
[Music]
00:05:51
[Applause]
00:05:55
[Music]
00:06:06
meanwhile Chthon Cheng lock the
00:06:08
president of the Malayan Chinese
00:06:10
Association or MCA and stalwart
00:06:13
supporter of Tunku had fallen ill and is
00:06:16
replaced by a young challenger
00:06:18
who brings with him radical new ideas
00:06:22
mca an accumulator to be a bit arrogant
00:06:25
and start up a team be on the wait
00:06:28
chung you publicize a letter handwritten
00:06:32
by my grandfather and in this letter
00:06:35
my grandfather supported tran use
00:06:38
requests there is Chinese language
00:06:41
Chinese schools to be on par with Malay
00:06:44
schools Malay language and then request
00:06:46
for a portion of 40 seats out of hundred
00:06:49
and four seats the problem was that
00:06:52
Chong you made this to request public so
00:06:56
it was very very difficult because it
00:06:58
then seemed like ultimatum by the MTA to
00:07:02
unknown trust is now undermined by
00:07:07
suspicion of treachery my father then
00:07:11
realized what had happened was that Tom
00:07:13
you had actually dictated a letter to my
00:07:16
grandfather what was not knowing what he
00:07:19
was doing actually wrote the letter is
00:07:21
beautiful longhand writing and signed it
00:07:26
Merdeka was achieved through strong
00:07:29
understanding and trust between the
00:07:32
different parties in the Alliance
00:07:37
now this bond is being eroded by the
00:07:41
actions of the young reformists
00:07:46
unfazed by Cheung News requests tunku as
00:07:50
the national leader of the Alliance
00:07:51
stands his ground
00:07:54
the reasons for tunku's resignation in
00:07:57
April now become clear I think to who
00:08:01
was very concerned about the elections
00:08:03
because this was the first election
00:08:06
after independence and he wanted a very
00:08:09
strong mainly amongst all three ethnic
00:08:12
groups and he also felt that if he
00:08:14
resigned he could devote his entire
00:08:16
energy in time to winning the election
00:08:20
and not worry about the running of the
00:08:22
government a determined - who decides he
00:08:26
must make his move he confronts the
00:08:30
young reformist in the MCA
00:08:33
issued a statement saying that unknown
00:08:36
was prepared to contest the general
00:08:38
elections without MCA participation
00:08:43
tunku's response was debated within the
00:08:47
central working committee in the MCA and
00:08:49
by very narrow margin MCA agreed to
00:08:53
proceed to tongue whose proposal but
00:08:59
tunku's firm stand can still backfire if
00:09:02
it is counter to public opinion the
00:09:05
Alliance will have to wait until the
00:09:08
general elections in a few weeks time to
00:09:11
know the final result
00:09:14
you
00:09:15
[Music]
00:09:22
[Music]
00:09:33
the poorest Anya's kelloggi cumin and
00:09:35
paprika
00:09:38
I can oniony to play anything to a
00:09:41
brahmin with this triumph Tunku Abdul
00:09:47
Rahman is reinstalled as the Prime
00:09:49
Minister now Tunku turns his attention
00:09:53
to an old enemy the Communists the
00:09:58
emergency declared by the British in
00:10:00
1948 is still in place 12 years later
00:10:06
Tunku wants to move on
00:10:08
[Music]
00:10:14
the anthem at me a dollar at the lapels
00:10:17
Brandon Apollo satu smog at Varro moon
00:10:20
Cheol debugger setlist Mahalo can
00:10:22
crominus sella pass Bijan salami Robles
00:10:25
towel
00:10:25
kini second up the Nagas Ryan eaten
00:10:28
Buchan won't open Bergman and and Mario
00:10:30
and Megara
00:10:38
[Music]
00:10:47
however the Communists have not given up
00:10:50
and it became clear that there was no
00:10:53
way to secure their political objectives
00:10:55
in Malaya attention focus to the actions
00:10:57
of the Communist Party structure in
00:11:00
Singapore and the aim was to eventually
00:11:03
win political power in Singapore this
00:11:07
development in Singapore worries Tunku
00:11:10
the island of Singapore is connected by
00:11:13
a causeway with the Malay Peninsula the
00:11:18
island is situated on the narrow Straits
00:11:20
of Malacca between the Indian and the
00:11:22
Pacific Oceans Chinese firms control
00:11:26
much of the large business and trade and
00:11:28
the population of the island is over
00:11:31
half Chinese 1950 Singapore is a nation
00:11:36
in the throes of growing pains Singapore
00:11:39
had a growing population that were
00:11:42
essentially migrant
00:11:43
but not enough of an economy that could
00:11:46
support that growing population so those
00:11:49
kinds of conditions will arrive for
00:11:52
political unrest there were many
00:11:53
material issues which were previous us
00:11:56
that the Communists could exploit
00:11:58
[Music]
00:12:00
this could be a setback for the plan
00:12:02
that the British have in the region the
00:12:06
British who are already thinking of
00:12:08
gradual withdrawal gradual sort of
00:12:12
decolonization for Singapore in other
00:12:14
words handing over power they were not
00:12:15
about to leave yet they had a lot of
00:12:17
interest to protect in Singapore the
00:12:20
emergency may have ended in Malaya but
00:12:23
Southeast Asia is still a battleground
00:12:26
of political ideologies it was about who
00:12:31
would rule the post-war world the
00:12:34
post-colonial world there was the free
00:12:37
world led by the United States and
00:12:39
Britain and then there was the Eastern
00:12:41
Bloc or the Communist world led by
00:12:43
Soviet Union and later China for the
00:12:46
imperialists of the world decolonization
00:12:49
is seen as something imminent after the
00:12:53
war there was a general feeling that
00:12:55
imperialism is out so they were urging
00:12:58
all the other Imperial nations of Europe
00:13:01
to give up all their colonies so there
00:13:05
was a general train what he wanted was
00:13:07
to see in Southeast Asia kind of a
00:13:10
post-colonial region that would be
00:13:12
friendly to Western interest but the
00:13:15
British have three remaining territories
00:13:17
in the region to worry about North
00:13:21
Borneo Sarawak and Brunei the concern
00:13:25
when the British were thinking about was
00:13:27
that what do we do with this treat
00:13:29
territories right leave them alone
00:13:32
continue holding on to it let them fade
00:13:35
rate into one territory or make them
00:13:39
join the Federation that they were
00:13:41
already thinking about the British
00:13:46
encouraged Tunku to consider a proposal
00:13:48
it is an idea that has been in the works
00:13:51
for more than a decade it is called the
00:13:55
grand design
00:13:59
the grand design I think is a phrase
00:14:01
that tripped off the lips of Malcolm
00:14:03
MacDonald in the mid 1950s the grand
00:14:06
design looked attractive on paper and it
00:14:08
would certainly have got the British out
00:14:10
of a hole in Southeast Asia it would
00:14:12
enable them to have retreated with I
00:14:15
suppose in good faith feeling that there
00:14:18
the colonial job had been done and a new
00:14:20
nation state had been created the grand
00:14:22
design would solve a number of
00:14:24
objectives
00:14:25
you could decolonize at one going so you
00:14:28
don't have to do it in many phases
00:14:30
they want to pan over this place and
00:14:32
they want to move put the Bonilla state
00:14:35
in the hands of people they can trust
00:14:37
and they could castle the movie however
00:14:40
the tunku is not convinced by this
00:14:43
proposal he already has enough issues at
00:14:47
home to occupy him
00:14:51
[Music]
00:14:53
meanwhile in Singapore newly appointed
00:14:56
Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew is a man
00:14:59
with a mission he dreams of a Singapore
00:15:04
independent from the British by 1963 the
00:15:08
British had to decide what makes for
00:15:10
Singapore now possibilities of course
00:15:12
give Singapore the independence that was
00:15:14
scheduled to happen but it's his own
00:15:16
country or as part of the Federation the
00:15:19
British were not sure that giving
00:15:21
Singapore independence on his own would
00:15:24
really work because it was too dangerous
00:15:26
given that you could have a Singapore
00:15:29
that would then communist
00:15:31
luckily for Lee the British are inclined
00:15:34
to grant independence but only under the
00:15:38
right circumstances when he became prime
00:15:41
minister in 1959 he knew that he would
00:15:44
have to try to bring Singapore into
00:15:46
Malaya and that's where he had to
00:15:49
convince the Tunku and he knew that the
00:15:52
Tunku did not believe that Singapore
00:15:55
should join Malaya for reasons that are
00:15:58
well known he didn't trust the Chinese
00:16:00
population of Singapore he believed that
00:16:03
if he took Singapore in it would just
00:16:05
complicate politics in Malay
00:16:07
and this is where the British draw will
00:16:10
be to try and convince them lion leaders
00:16:13
look if you leave Singapore on his own
00:16:16
the risks of Singapore falling into
00:16:18
communist hand is very real
00:16:21
then who is a person who fears communism
00:16:25
the British tell him if you don't go for
00:16:28
modular Singapore and then combination
00:16:31
will take over
00:16:32
even if Tunku agrees to merge Singapore
00:16:35
with Malaya he must first appease
00:16:38
skeptical party members within unknown
00:16:41
we are not interested in Buddha the
00:16:43
merger was by PDP there was some fear
00:16:50
that PAP politics infiltrating into the
00:16:54
peninsula might change the priorities
00:16:57
and the landscape that the Malays were
00:16:58
comfortable with
00:17:01
Tunku is also worried about upsetting
00:17:04
the racial balance in Malaya you are
00:17:07
heading a huge number of Chinese from
00:17:10
Singapore into the Federation and this
00:17:13
will change the balance in terms of
00:17:16
racial political saying
00:17:19
but Lee knows that despite voices of
00:17:23
dissent within unknown he only needs to
00:17:26
persuade the man of the top
00:17:30
in May 1961 the British encouraged Lee
00:17:34
Kuan Yew to discretely submit a proposal
00:17:37
to toku outlining the benefits of the
00:17:40
grand design the proposal contains an
00:17:43
idea designed to appeal to Dooku why
00:17:47
don't you start considering balance that
00:17:49
dominance of the Chinese population in
00:17:51
Singapore looks to at Tarawa look
00:17:54
towards North Borneo looked swell Brunei
00:17:58
later that month the true guru gives his
00:18:01
response publicly so loud today as a
00:18:05
nation realizes that she cannot stand
00:18:08
alone and in isolation
00:18:11
sooner or later Maya should have an
00:18:15
understanding with Britain and the
00:18:19
peoples of the territories of Singapore
00:18:22
Borneo Brunei and Sarah those words
00:18:25
spoken by Malaya's prime minister he
00:18:28
launched that bombshell as he called it
00:18:30
in a speech at the foreign
00:18:32
correspondents Club in Singapore and
00:18:34
suggested that that was the way forward
00:18:36
he didn't say that Malaysia was going to
00:18:37
happen he said a time has come for us to
00:18:40
consider seriously the possibility of
00:18:43
Singapore joining Malaysia
00:18:46
you
00:18:47
[Music]
00:18:53
see love
00:18:58
[Music]
00:19:10
the decision to merge Malaya and
00:19:13
Singapore is celebrated by all
00:19:16
a partition of malaya into two parts
00:19:19
into the Federation and into Singapore
00:19:21
was seen as a very unnatural act
00:19:24
Singaporeans saw themselves as Malayan
00:19:26
they saw Malaya as one country everybody
00:19:29
thinks that Singapore is ours and they
00:19:33
shouldn't have been a barrier we could
00:19:35
have gone in shopping Singapore come
00:19:37
back it was the place where artists
00:19:41
would go to it was the place where you'd
00:19:43
go to if you wanted to get a better
00:19:45
education if you wanted more
00:19:47
opportunities Singapore is basically to
00:19:50
Malaya what New York is to the US or
00:19:53
London is to the UK it was the
00:19:56
intellectual cultural artistic capital
00:19:59
since the inception of the People's
00:20:02
Action Party in 1954 its manifesto has
00:20:06
included seeking Singapore's
00:20:08
independence through merger with Malaya
00:20:11
mojo has always been one of the aims of
00:20:14
Singapore's people it started off after
00:20:17
the war because we were in the pre but
00:20:21
they card generation and we go to
00:20:23
university and they be made with the
00:20:26
people from KL from Penang and we all
00:20:28
feel the same
00:20:30
[Music]
00:20:38
if we looked at the concept itself it's
00:20:41
a beautiful concept from economic point
00:20:45
of view so if all could join we could
00:20:49
all enjoy the common denominator of
00:20:52
development
00:20:55
now Lee Kuan Yew is hopeful this
00:20:58
long-held ambition will be fulfilled he
00:21:03
also hopes merger will address the issue
00:21:06
of growing communist influences in
00:21:08
Singapore including that within his own
00:21:12
party one of the radical left leaning
00:21:16
members in particular has caught the eye
00:21:19
of the Duke Dongo specifically cited lim
00:21:23
qin qiong's
00:21:24
and I quote talismanic ability to
00:21:26
organize the people of Singapore to
00:21:28
organize the left don't you fear that
00:21:31
limits shown come into a unified
00:21:33
Malaysia and organize the left-wing into
00:21:36
this coherent force against the Alliance
00:21:40
he was observing Singapore politics for
00:21:43
a couple of years but as he watched the
00:21:45
scene in Singapore he became
00:21:47
increasingly concerned that Lee Kuan Yew
00:21:50
was losing ground Lee Kuan Yew was
00:21:52
becoming politically weak Tunku had
00:21:57
recognized that is important for overall
00:22:00
security of Singapore and Malaya for
00:22:02
Singapore to be part of a Federation of
00:22:04
Malaya so the central government can
00:22:06
control the security situation in
00:22:08
Singapore ironically Lee Kuan Yew's
00:22:12
political weakness is the key element
00:22:15
needed to persuade Tunku to intervene he
00:22:20
believes a weak Singapore will become a
00:22:23
hotbed for communism meanwhile the
00:22:30
Borneo territories present a different
00:22:32
set of challenges so distant you know
00:22:34
they don't know whether the people of
00:22:36
Sabah Sarawak could integrate with us
00:22:39
they're not sure about that because some
00:22:41
of us have never beat Sabah Sarawak
00:22:43
before that generally we did not
00:22:46
understand the complexity of the
00:22:50
population there we had assumed that the
00:22:54
tribal people were like our orang asli
00:22:57
you know which was ridiculous regardless
00:23:02
the majority in the alliance put their
00:23:05
trust into goo although a lot of us were
00:23:08
ignorant about the proposal but I think
00:23:11
we had faith in our leaders that I think
00:23:13
give us the confidence that I think
00:23:16
Malaysia will work merger is rapidly
00:23:19
proving to be an uphill battle for those
00:23:22
planning it
00:23:24
[Music]
00:23:25
they were concerned about putting this
00:23:27
puzzle together of these different
00:23:29
territories with different histories and
00:23:31
at different stages I suppose in their
00:23:33
political and economic development on
00:23:37
the northeastern tip of the great island
00:23:39
of Borneo is Sabah the home of the
00:23:42
Doosan the Murat the Bajau and other
00:23:44
races bruna the ancient Malay Sultanate
00:23:50
which during the 15th century dominated
00:23:52
almost the whole of born largest of the
00:23:57
three Borneo territories to join in the
00:23:58
proposed Federation is surround the land
00:24:01
of the daya and ebon Kenya and Pune
00:24:04
Sir Robert too has many Malaysian
00:24:06
Chinese among her people in the East
00:24:10
things are not looking any brighter the
00:24:15
Borneo leaders are apprehensive about
00:24:17
the idea of merger the pono territories
00:24:21
and Malaya had hardly anything in common
00:24:24
in Malaya you have for example you have
00:24:28
Sultan you have King you have three
00:24:31
mainstream racists whereas in the poem
00:24:36
now has more than 40 ethnic communities
00:24:44
people in stock at that time the level
00:24:47
of education is severely limited the
00:24:49
understanding of the what's happening
00:24:51
outside is quite restricted so their
00:24:54
concern was if Malaysia has they
00:24:58
understood it but to happen what role
00:25:02
can they play the political environment
00:25:04
in North Borneo sera WA and Brunei was
00:25:08
very different
00:25:09
you do have political parties you do
00:25:11
have a group people who very interested
00:25:13
in politics why you have was individual
00:25:15
leaders within the community who was
00:25:17
starting to have an interest in politics
00:25:19
the Bonilla people are worried about the
00:25:23
intentions of the Tunku and Lee Kuan Yew
00:25:27
click when you want a federation between
00:25:31
Malaya and Singapore it made a lot of
00:25:34
sense because Singapore had no natural
00:25:36
resources Tunku on the other hand looked
00:25:39
at if only Malaya and Singapore for the
00:25:43
rate possibility Malay will be
00:25:47
outnumbered by the Chinese and to
00:25:51
without even having set foot in the
00:25:53
Borneo territories try rope in the
00:25:57
Borneo territories so they bought one
00:26:00
Malaysia for different reason Tunku
00:26:03
heads to Borneo on a diplomatic mission
00:26:12
it was alleged that the leadership in
00:26:16
Malaya the time were two assumptions
00:26:18
that sabah and sarawak were just like
00:26:21
melis
00:26:24
[Music]
00:26:29
my complaint was that lots of melenz
00:26:32
people from under for example who
00:26:35
visited there they would make a speech
00:26:37
they will come out and are Solomonic um
00:26:40
come out with hadees everything else
00:26:41
then after the event you realized the
00:26:44
whole group of Christians
00:26:47
I think the chunk of problem was naive
00:26:50
in thinking oh I forget these porneia
00:26:52
people they're just like us in that
00:26:53
world you know racially someone say for
00:26:55
that
00:26:56
it's a counterweight to the Chinese job
00:26:58
done and it wasn't a simple set of
00:27:00
course an influential North Borneo
00:27:03
leader emerges to oppose this plan
00:27:06
together with leaders from party Raja
00:27:09
Brunei and the Sirah WA
00:27:10
United Progressive Party or the su PP
00:27:14
there was quite a groundswell of
00:27:18
opposition to Tunku and he went on a
00:27:19
number of goodwill visits it really
00:27:23
stirred up a lot of bad way after the
00:27:27
trip to Borneo
00:27:28
Tunku is unsure about the future of
00:27:31
merger the divide between the people of
00:27:34
Borneo and Malaya seems too wide in
00:27:38
North Borneo is wrong there was no
00:27:40
religious factor for example the
00:27:42
development arm no and passive - la
00:27:45
Malaysia or Malaya was all about Islam
00:27:48
Malay nationalism and protection also
00:27:50
dance these were known issues in North
00:27:53
Borneo sarong because simply Islam was
00:27:55
not a factor without the participation
00:27:58
of the Borneo States the demographic
00:28:01
balance will not be - - coos like
00:28:05
[Music]
00:28:13
Tunku is adamant that the Borneo leaders
00:28:16
must agree to the proposal if any
00:28:19
progress is to be made the prime
00:28:23
minister of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew
00:28:25
realizes he must take up the challenge I
00:28:29
was told that the men who really wanted
00:28:32
Malaysia to come into being apart from
00:28:35
the British was Lee Kuan Yew himself
00:28:38
leave on you strongman everything he
00:28:44
wants he much studied that is character
00:28:47
he wants to make a success he wants to
00:28:50
create this Malaysia so if those people
00:28:53
are not joining I will go and tell them
00:28:57
how good it is it's not so much to who
00:28:59
asking him he wants it
00:29:05
you
00:29:14
Malaya's Prime Minister Tunku Abdul
00:29:16
Rahman needs the consent of North Borneo
00:29:19
Sarawak and Brunei to form a greater
00:29:22
Federation together with Singapore
00:29:26
Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew
00:29:28
is determined to work hard to persuade
00:29:31
them but first
00:29:34
Tunku extends an invitation to the
00:29:37
Borneo leaders to visit Malaya meanwhile
00:29:43
representatives from Sabah and Sarawak
00:29:45
called on the Malayan prime minister to
00:29:48
obtain a first-hand idea of what the
00:29:50
Malaysia plan would mean for their
00:29:51
countries in his usual sincere and Frank
00:29:54
manner the Tunku explained that Malaysia
00:29:57
would not only hasten their independence
00:29:59
it would bring untold benefits as well
00:30:02
during the visit tunku's deputy Razak
00:30:06
Hussain explains to the Borneo leaders
00:30:09
the progress made since independence
00:30:12
most of us have some inkling of what
00:30:16
Malaya was all about it is not only
00:30:19
modica it is more dekha with with an
00:30:22
effort to develop our country to be
00:30:25
better raza takes the Borneo leaders on
00:30:29
a tour we want to find out what is this
00:30:32
proposal very about we were shown around
00:30:37
a lot of school a lot of new roads a lot
00:30:41
of new water supply electricity's I was
00:30:45
really impressed with the
00:30:47
and have been shown to us and I even
00:30:50
said this everyone miss opals resilience
00:30:56
of Malaysia next members of the
00:31:01
legislative Assemblies of Singapore
00:31:03
Malaysia Sarawak Brunei and North Borneo
00:31:07
decide to proceed with formal
00:31:09
discussions regarding the idea the
00:31:16
members decided to set up the Malaysian
00:31:20
solidarity consultative committee and
00:31:22
they discuss the idea that to articulate
00:31:25
it in May surprisingly the committee
00:31:29
appoints The Skeptical North Borneo
00:31:31
leader
00:31:31
Donald Stevens as their chairman for
00:31:35
months he has shown reluctance to the
00:31:37
idea of bringing North Borneo to merge
00:31:40
with Malaya it is Singapore's Lee who
00:31:45
recommends that Steven's heads the
00:31:47
committee why you was a very good
00:31:50
personal friend of Turner Stevens they
00:31:53
meet up quite regularly even before the
00:31:56
idea of militia was touted the heads a
00:32:00
fair idea of how to work together
00:32:05
the Malaya and Singapore leaders look at
00:32:08
dollar Stephen as the most influential
00:32:10
the most articulate and possibly at the
00:32:14
time the most literate of the Borneo
00:32:18
territories videos Sam Booton tipper
00:32:23
South America and the animation e'terica
00:32:25
Lima Lima wilayah ito Willapa skanky
00:32:28
Sango Ponyo atop Gaga's and Malaysia I -
00:32:30
Pastor John et al azhar took a goon and
00:32:32
Alan posted on Pritam the bottom quasi
00:32:34
funding to cover Malaysia DJ certain
00:32:37
foreign augustana do
00:32:44
discussions are intense and many issues
00:32:47
are debated ultimately it comes down to
00:32:51
one question there is nothing else there
00:32:55
anyone to an out but to find out for
00:32:57
months are under people with everyone
00:33:00
Malaysia or whether we do the port
00:33:03
Malaysia
00:33:04
of course Sam has rawa they're
00:33:06
practically new to this idea they are
00:33:09
not so sure about the future so instead
00:33:12
of coming along with this idea of Turku
00:33:15
forming Malaysia they were thinking of
00:33:17
banding together with the 3s Sabah
00:33:21
Sarawak Singapore
00:33:24
he finally came to a resolution that all
00:33:28
these territories should be one
00:33:29
including Buddha the committee
00:33:33
recommended the continuation of the
00:33:35
present system of the appointment of his
00:33:37
majesty the young Tibetan are gone as
00:33:39
sovereign ruler of the new Federation
00:33:41
the new states would each have its own
00:33:44
head of state and its own constitution
00:33:46
although Islam would be the official
00:33:48
religion there will be complete freedom
00:33:50
of worship but the work is not
00:33:59
completely done while the msec is
00:34:02
holding discussions Singapore's Prime
00:34:05
Minister Li is facing tough opposition
00:34:07
to merger in his own country his
00:34:13
opponents in the socialist front or
00:34:15
Barisan socialists say that the process
00:34:18
must not be rushed but Lee Kuan Yew has
00:34:22
made merger a key pillar of his
00:34:25
manifesto
00:34:27
Lee knows he must win the Singaporean
00:34:30
public to his side
00:34:33
[Music]
00:34:39
good evening soon you will have to
00:34:44
decide on your future in the next few
00:34:47
months we shall settle the
00:34:49
constitutional arrangements for merger
00:34:52
murder is going to take place not just
00:34:55
because it's the desire of the PAP or
00:34:59
merely because it is the wish of the
00:35:02
Federation Alliance government it is as
00:35:07
inevitable as the rising and setting of
00:35:09
the Sun he engages in a series of 12
00:35:15
radio broadcasts a battle for merger was
00:35:19
really a battle for the hearts and minds
00:35:20
for the population in Singapore because
00:35:23
it pretty much at that time determine
00:35:27
whether or not Singapore would go it
00:35:28
alone or become independent as part of a
00:35:31
larger political entity no the radio to
00:35:37
tell people the budget with Abraha he
00:35:40
could Singapore Singapore hundreds of
00:35:42
firefighters sell through the radio
00:35:45
talks Lee Kuan Yew
00:35:47
cautions the public about a grave threat
00:35:50
in Singapore Malaya and for big para
00:35:58
with the commies he uses this to drive
00:36:01
home the idea that merger would suppress
00:36:04
or even eliminate the threat of
00:36:06
communism in the region
00:36:09
the idea that communist forces were
00:36:12
advancing through our service Asia was
00:36:14
very much a concern and fear amongst the
00:36:17
non communist governments and societies
00:36:19
in Southeast Asia so the next question
00:36:23
was what's going to happen to Singapore
00:36:24
Malaya very much a front in the Cold War
00:36:26
as well Lee Kuan Yew works tirelessly
00:36:30
day and night in the next few weeks he
00:36:34
uses valuable airtime to ensure
00:36:36
Singaporeans understand the urgent need
00:36:40
to win the battle for merger meanwhile
00:36:44
the Malaysia solidarity consultative
00:36:46
committee for MSC C continues its
00:36:49
meetings
00:36:54
at the third meeting in Kuala Lumpur the
00:36:57
Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman
00:36:59
declared that all states in Malaysia
00:37:01
would enjoy equal rights and status but
00:37:05
due to the special position of Singapore
00:37:07
the city-state would retain local powers
00:37:09
in labor and education the meeting
00:37:12
discussed the economic and financial
00:37:14
implications of Malaysia and what it
00:37:16
meant in terms of national development
00:37:18
piece by piece the Malaysia jigsaw fell
00:37:21
into place to produce a glowing picture
00:37:24
of a vigorous young nation in the nation
00:37:29
it was Lee Kuan Yew who managed to swing
00:37:32
their thinking around so that they would
00:37:35
band together in support tank whose idea
00:37:38
and cuckoos plea of good faith assures
00:37:42
the Borneo leaders that the future is
00:37:44
bright
00:37:45
Malaysia could not have been formed in
00:37:48
spite of the hard effort put in by Lee
00:37:51
Kuan Yew
00:37:51
if not for the fact that tank who gave
00:37:53
his personal assurances that he will
00:37:56
definitely take care of the people of
00:37:58
Sabah an hour
00:37:59
not to worry for as long as he is the
00:38:02
leader of this newly formed Federation
00:38:05
if you put your faith in his hand he
00:38:09
will look after it and with all
00:38:12
sincerity at his command because of that
00:38:15
I think it was very easy for us to sell
00:38:19
Malaysia
00:38:27
the successful ending of the conference
00:38:30
was celebrated by a big cultural show in
00:38:33
which all the countries of the donation
00:38:35
were represent
00:38:36
[Applause]
00:38:47
the Malaysian solidarity consultative
00:38:50
committee proves to be a great platform
00:38:53
for the leaders to discuss Malaysia in
00:38:57
November 1961
00:39:00
Tunku Lee Kuan Yew and the British Prime
00:39:03
Minister Harold Macmillan meet in London
00:39:06
to advance discussions about Malaysia a
00:39:09
conference of November 1961 agreed to
00:39:12
principles first was the British defence
00:39:15
interests in Singapore would be reserved
00:39:16
and the other was that the wishes of the
00:39:19
Borneo people should be consulted should
00:39:21
be ascertained the British established a
00:39:24
commission of inquiry to listen
00:39:27
firsthand to the people of Borneo about
00:39:30
their concerns on Malaysia to enjoy a
00:39:35
Cavalia Mamula can carry a gambling
00:39:37
table is magnitude or not it may not
00:39:40
kill Emily my Villa mashugana 11 -
00:39:43
moaning - container foreign sovereigns
00:39:45
rava Dhokla Mentos can Malaysia do that
00:39:47
number you're sure you are done yet
00:39:49
it was led it was chaired by Lord cobalt
00:39:53
a former governor of the Bank of England
00:39:54
and on it were two representatives of
00:39:58
Malaya and two representatives of the
00:40:01
British side who were there too I
00:40:04
suppose
00:40:04
protect the interests of the poor Nia
00:40:07
Peeples even at that time there were
00:40:10
still pockets of reservation in Zara not
00:40:14
so much then from people from the up
00:40:17
rural country but certainly within the
00:40:20
more urban particularly about the
00:40:22
Chinese component there were still
00:40:24
resistance of the idea of Malaysia
00:40:28
one of the argument used to promote the
00:40:31
other Malaysia this sense of security
00:40:32
the security is if your own you will not
00:40:36
be saved in the end the voice of the
00:40:40
people is heard
00:40:42
to cobbler a man in particular keeping
00:40:45
assuring that there was no plan to
00:40:47
colonize through our it is normally as
00:40:50
intention to do that what he wanted was
00:40:53
a merger of people who he said were from
00:40:58
the same stop generally well Malaya was
00:41:01
prepared to share their expertise it
00:41:04
will give them better prospect of
00:41:07
sharing their resources when we put this
00:41:10
idea to the vast majority of the people
00:41:12
Strava said why not we would like to be
00:41:15
part of Malaysia they went around Sabah
00:41:19
saw persuaded the people they were
00:41:21
accompanied by the leaders who say this
00:41:22
good for you
00:41:23
[Music]
00:41:30
before going back home Soviet premier
00:41:33
khrushchev gets in some parting shots at
00:41:35
the United Nations not since the Second
00:41:46
World War has so much animosity and
00:41:49
division existed between two superpowers
00:41:56
one of the Soviet Union's allies in
00:41:59
Southeast Asia is uneasy with the
00:42:02
developments in the region
00:42:03
he saw the creation of Malaysia is
00:42:06
actually a neo-colonial creation or the
00:42:08
British in in other words the British in
00:42:10
name pulled out but actually they are
00:42:13
still there through their proxies in
00:42:16
Tunku Andy Kahn you president Sukarno
00:42:21
Stokes the fires on the international
00:42:24
stage to divert attention from issues at
00:42:27
home
00:42:28
so karna had a lot of domestic problems
00:42:31
he was making a very delicate balance
00:42:33
between the Communists and the military
00:42:36
who hated each other and he was
00:42:38
maintaining that balance now so he
00:42:40
decided that the best way to deal with
00:42:42
that was to turn attention outside so
00:42:45
when the idea of Malaysia was mooted he
00:42:48
said what is this a diplomat at heart
00:42:51
Malaya's Prime Minister Tunku Abdul
00:42:54
Rahman tries to persuade sukarno to back
00:42:57
down from his aggressive stance nothing
00:43:01
must come in the way of forming Malaysia
00:43:12
Jeannie braless planet porcelain 20
00:43:16
munna in malaysia the oricon the entire
00:43:18
poem in pain for me pin liya
00:43:19
dignity Marvin three British artists
00:43:22
curve in channel your loved ones lungile
00:43:24
Cabo
00:43:28
telepathy on Bruning can cobraman than
00:43:31
pradhan mantri british one Harold
00:43:33
Macmillan poll but would your can forge
00:43:35
Andean with Gareth artists Malaysia I to
00:43:37
handle Empress - Johanna - Ella master
00:43:40
prolly on danfa near ahankhah dalat on
00:43:43
the date has been set in London for the
00:43:46
new Federation to be formed
00:43:53
as with the MIDI Commission in 1956 when
00:43:59
Malaya secured its independence
00:44:01
Tunku once again has shown a deft touch
00:44:03
when negotiating the formation of a new
00:44:07
nation
00:44:08
[Music]
00:44:11
and he is one step closer to forming one
00:44:15
of the biggest territories in Southeast
00:44:17
Asia
00:44:22
talented October yeah Negara Bahru
00:44:25
Malaysia - tada repent and then and
00:44:28
Alaska neelanand
00:44:31
satellizer Canada near the rock twini
00:44:33
Brad Cooper bhaga bhaga goddess chronic
00:44:36
la Sol online God with Hana bank our
00:44:39
analyte forgot to kind of pass along any
00:44:42
life pagado kanaka maole in e life
00:44:45
people get a hikita GW hito denied by
00:44:48
then a management car then a Prasad
00:44:50
castes Musa ant a certain angle I'd tell
00:44:54
at the Kara mangamma a bullet upon
00:45:05
[Applause]
00:45:07
Caledonia
00:45:12
I mean that I can say Lee Kuan Yew but
00:45:18
his fedora like a bank that went on to
00:45:21
sleepy town singapura mistook for Naga
00:45:24
and Alam and she attend our dance a to
00:45:27
do turn am reduce to the B&B singapura
00:45:30
add a lot Kabbalah Han : Ganguly Manolo
00:45:36
negra kita when Teresa - degree angle
00:45:38
abhi baaki e to Luxor Aswan razor
00:45:44
Buchanan's pagai Radio Moscow Chaka in
00:45:49
appendage AHA and Peru telugu Kentucky
00:45:52
Tonya was I agree Ducati - panda Johana
00:45:56
Burwood apical of Catania syndicate of
00:45:58
backers to cover the canyon de bas
00:46:00
together
00:46:03
Malaysia verse mangas get onto an alum
00:46:08
of Anita partnered echinacea
00:46:12
the maggots eat and run
00:46:14
[Music]
00:46:21
Yaqui dimension bombed Amiga a Kincaid
00:46:24
Jana and kamila Allah Allah Allah
00:46:27
USANA mom and Oh Antonia technical
00:46:29
barakatuh Merdeka Malaysia
00:46:31
[Music]
00:46:41
we're not alone we're not afraid
00:46:46
[Music]
00:47:07
[Music]
00:47:29
[Applause]
00:47:34
Oh
00:47:36
[Music]
